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Journal articles on the topic 'Valve seats'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

TAKAISHI, Takeo, Masato ZAMA, and Shizuo KAWANAMI. "Blow-by through Exhaust Valve Seats in Diesel Engines. (2nd Report. Temperature Rise in Exhaust Valve Seats.)." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 58, no. 549 (1992): 1566–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.58.1566.

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2

Smith, Bruce A. W., and Brian V. Luloff. "The Effect of Seat Geometry on Gate Valve Noise." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 122, no. 4 (March 7, 2000): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1286031.

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Gate valves often act as a source of tonal noise in piping systems. Occasionally, this can lead to excessive environmental noise levels. This paper presents the results of a model testing program that was conducted to determine the most cost-effective way to eliminate the noise source in one such valve. Over 300 tests were conducted on 25 different valve configurations. Testing of the original valve configuration indicated that the noise was caused by vortex shedding over the valve seat cavity coupled with an acoustic resonance across the throat of the valve. Numerous modifications to the valve seats, seat cavity, and disk were tested to determine how the vortex shedding could best be controlled. The effect of these modifications on the unsteady pressures in the valve and adjacent piping are presented and discussed. For the valve under consideration, it was concluded that the noise could best be eliminated by chamfering the upstream and downstream valve seats. Recommendations for avoiding noise problems in other valve installations are presented. [S0094-9930(00)00503-5]

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3

Zheng, Xun, Jin Gen Deng, Hai Yan Zhu, Shu Jie Liu, Wen Long Zhao, and Mi Hua Zhang. "Failure Analysis of Kelly Cock Valve Used in Drilling Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 2610–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.2610.

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Though statistically analyzing ten typical wells of kelly cock valve failure in certain oilfields, the main failure modes of the kelly cock valve were determined. Aiming at these modes and combining with mechanical analysis of knob, upper seat and main body of the kelly cock valve, its finite element calculation had been implemented and the weakness of all parts was found. By numerical modeling of the flow field of a kelly cock valve it was found that the velocity of fluid rapidly increased at upper and lower valve seats and this could easily prick out ball valves and valve seats, there was a annular low-velocity zone of minimum speed between the ball valve and the inner wall of the main body and this caused solid aggregation at this area. The research in this paper made the modes and causes of kelly failure to be recognized systematically. The results provided theoretical foundations of further improving the design and reasonable using of a kelly cock valve.

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4

TAKAISHI, Takeo, Masato ZAMA, Shizuo KAWANAMI, and Shigeru YAMAMOTO. "Blow-by through Exhaust Valve Seats in Diesel Engines. 1st Report. Hot Corrosion on Surface of Exhaust Valve Seats." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 58, no. 548 (1992): 1343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.58.1343.

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5

Romański, Andrzej, and Elżbieta Cygan-Bączek. "High Performance Valve Seat Materials for CNG Powered Combustion Engines." Materials 14, no. 17 (August 26, 2021): 4860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14174860.

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The conventional copper infiltrated high speed steel (HSS) valve seats used in gasoline engines are not suitable for CNG combustion because the exhaust gas temperature is at least 80 °C higher, which drastically shortens the service life of the engine valves. Therefore, a proprietary high-alloy HSS-base material was designed to combat hot corrosion and mechanical wear of valve seat faces in CNG fuelled engines. A batch of −100 mesh water atomized HSS powder was commissioned. The powder was vacuum annealed in order to reduce oxygen content and increase its compressibility. To improve the final part machinability, 1.2% MnS was admixed to the HSS powder prior to compaction. The green compacts were sintered at 1135 °C in nitrogen to around 83% TD and subsequently infiltrated with a copper alloy. After installing the valve seat components on a cylinder head, the engine was tested for 100 h according to the automotive industry valve seat wear test procedures. Both the periodic 8-h checks as well as the final examination of the valve seats showed very slow wear, indicating their suitability for CNG powered engines.

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6

Kawana, A., H. Ichimura, Y. Iwata, and S. Ono. "Development of PVD ceramic coatings for valve seats." Surface and Coatings Technology 86-87 (December 1996): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0257-8972(96)02983-0.

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7

Kabir, Ehsanul, Hossein Emadi, Fathi Elldakli, and Matt Young. "Investigating effects of ball size on the performance of gas lift valve for both modified and optimized seats." Oil & Gas Sciences and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 73 (2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2018002.

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The seat and the ball are the only two components of a Gas Lift Valve (GLV) that can be switched out to meet changing gas throughput requirements. For this reason, individual pairings of balls and seats must be designed to meet the particular requirements of specific situations. While conventional GLV seats have sharp edges, a modified seat design with partially beveled edges has been shown to improve gas throughput. This design was then tested using benchmark valve and was optimized by beveling the entire port of the seat. These experiments were conducted using a ball diameter that was 0.0016 m larger than the diameter of the port top, although the effects of even larger ball sizes have also been studied using benchmark valves with conventional seats. Researchers have yet to explore the effects of ball diameters smaller than the Port Top Diameter (PTD) and larger than the Port Bottom Diameter (PBD) for modified and optimized seat designs. In this paper, the effects of smaller ball size on the GLV gas throughput have been analyzed using both modified and optimized seat designs and actual GLV. The ball was 0.0016 m smaller than the PTD of the seats. Geometric models have been deduced to calculate the generated upstream area (frustum area) open to flow. This frustum area is a function of stem travel, and the dimensions of the seat and ball. Theoretical calculations have been compared with results obtained through robust experimental methods. The entire experimental program was divided into four individual experiments. The static testing was used to fix the dome pressure and the opening pressure. The hysteresis effect associated with the bellows assembly was minimized using the aging procedure. Probe tester was used to measure the stem travel. Finally, the gas throughput of the GLV was measured using dynamic testing. The smaller ball sizes were found to significantly improve the gas throughput of actual GLV. This improvement was as high as 179% for large PBD seats. However, the frustum area practically decreased for these cases. This result suggests that the flow coefficient has more effect on GLV gas throughput compared to frustum area.

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8

T. Londhe, Rohit. "Experimental Analysis of Valve and Valve Seats Wear in Gases (CNG) Fuelled Engine." IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 11, no. 4 (2014): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-11415662.

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9

Lal, Charanjit Charlie. "Induction Hardening of Cast Iron Cylinder Head Valve Seats." Materials Science Forum 102-104 (January 1992): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.102-104.365.

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10

Honda, Tadashi, Katumi Hirano, Hiroyuki Suematu, and Kazuhiro Takemoto. "The Research and Development of the Valve Seats Material." Zairyo-to-Kankyo 48, no. 1 (1999): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3323/jcorr1991.48.27.

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11

Maier, Andreas, Terry H. Sheldrake, and Dennis Wilcock. "Geometric Parameters Influencing Flow in an Axisymmetric IC Engine Inlet Port Assembly: Part I—Valve Flow Characteristics." Journal of Fluids Engineering 122, no. 4 (June 6, 2000): 650–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1311787.

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Discharge characteristics in an IC engine inlet port and the dependency on geometrical parameters are examined for two valves having seat angles of 40 and 45 deg. The characteristics were established under steady-state conditions over a range of valve lifts up to L/D=0.25 and pressure differentials up to 100 mm H2O. The detailed boundary layer characteristics, indicating flow separation and reattachment on the valve seats, were established with the aid of heat transfer data using the transient liquid crystal technique. Details of the experimental methods for obtaining discharge coefficients and heat transfer coefficients are presented. The discharge and heat transfer data established the expected sequential progression, with lift through the four flow regimes for the valve with a 45 deg seat angle. For the valve with a 40 deg seat angle the four flow regimes were not present. The results demonstrate the extreme sensitivity of the valve flow and boundary layer state to small changes in valve geometry. [S0098-2202(00)00504-6]

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12

Maier, Andreas, Terry H. Sheldrake, and Dennis Wilcock. "Geometric Parameters Influencing Flow in an Axisymmetric IC Engine Inlet Port Assembly: Part II—Parametric Variation of Valve Geometry." Journal of Fluids Engineering 122, no. 4 (June 6, 2000): 658–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1311791.

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The influence of inlet valve geometry on IC engine port flow characteristics was investigated systematically by varying the key valve geometric parameters of fillet radius, cone angle, and seat angle. The analysis of flow through the port was measured for 36 valves having geometries determined by R/D=0.20-0.30, cone angle 0–20 deg and seat angle 30–45 deg. Discharge coefficients were measured to gain an understanding of the general flow performance. These were used in conjunction with heat transfer data to gain a clear understanding of the state of the boundary layer on the valve and port seats for varying lifts and pressure drops. This established the presence or otherwise of the four flow regimes within the valve passage. The results demonstrate that the cone and seat angle have major effects on valve flow performance and enable engine designers to choose more readily the valve characteristics they desire. [S0098-2202(00)00404-1]

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13

Fujiki, Akira, Mitsushi Oyanagi, Tomonori Miyazawa, Hiroki Fujitsuka, and Hideaki Kawata. "Tougher valve seats use two hard particles but no cobalt." Metal Powder Report 60, no. 4 (April 2005): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0657(05)00393-0.

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14

Yang, Hai Dong, Ning Ding, Xiao Jun Niu, Hong Yun Chen, and Zheng Ye. "Wear Mechanism of PCBN Hard Cutting the Powder Metallurgy Valve Seats." Key Engineering Materials 693 (May 2016): 996–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.693.996.

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Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride (PCBN) tool is suitable for cutting powder metallurgy valve seat, which has high hardness and contains hard particles. By hard dry cutting different materials of powder metallurgy valve seat, the results show that: tool life when cutting melting copper powder metallurgy valve seat is longer; breakage failure is the main failure forms of tool and wear mechanism contains hard spots scratches, adhesive wear, diffusion wear and oxidation wear.

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15

Brabec, Pavel, and Aleš Dittrich. "The Simulation Calculation of Temperatures on Valve Seats of Combustion Engine and its Verification." Advanced Materials Research 1016 (August 2014): 577–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1016.577.

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The paper deals with the load of the head of the engine. Head of SI engine, which has molded seat of intake and exhaust valve, is one of the most complex parts of the engine. It contains intake and exhaust ports, spark plugs, timing of the mechanism and channels for cooling and lubrication. Much of the final form of this component also contributes its load, which is both heat and mechanical. The biggest influence on the deformation of embedded saddles exhaust valve has a temperature distribution in the cylinder head. These temperatures are influenced by many factors, especially temperature and coolant flow, load and engine speed, which affect the combustion process and exhaust gas temperature (the engine mode is constantly changing, therefore the thermal load on the valve seats is different). In our paper we will only deal with the heat load of the cylinder head of the engine. Currently, the most common use of appropriate software tools for determining the distribution as voltage or temperature. The simulation results may not always be identical to the actual situation, so it is necessary to perform by verification. The paper described measurements of temperature on the inserted valve seats cylinder head of the engine.

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16

Веремей, Геннадий Александрович, Александр Анатольевич Пливак, and Сергей Владимирович Майданюк. "RESEARCH OF PRECISION OF VALVE SEATS OVERHAULING UNDER VARIABLE CUTTING CONDITIONS." Journal of Mechanical Engineering the National Technical University of Ukraine "Kyiv Polytechnic Institute" 1, no. 76 (July 1, 2016): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20535/2305-9001.2016.76.67622.

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17

Filo, Grzegorz, Edward Lisowski, and Janusz Rajda. "Pressure Loss Reduction in an Innovative Directional Poppet Control Valve." Energies 13, no. 12 (June 17, 2020): 3149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13123149.

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This article presents the results of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of an innovative directional control valve consisting of four poppet seat valves and two electromagnets enclosed inside a single body. The valve has a unique design, allowing the use of any poppet valve configuration. Both normally opened (NO) and normally closed (NC) seat valves can be applied. The combination of four universal valve seats and two electromagnets gives a wide range of flow path configurations. This significantly increases the possibility of practical applications. However, due to the significant miniaturization of the valve body and the requirement to obtain necessary connections between flow paths, multiple geometrically complex channels had to be made inside the body. Hence, the main purpose of work was to shape the geometry of the flow channels in such a way as to minimize pressure losses. During the CFD analyses velocity distribution in flow channels and pressure distribution on the walls were determined. The results were used to obtain pressure loss as a function of flow rate, which was then verified by means of laboratory experiments conducted on a test bench.

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18

Lal, Ch Ch. "Quality Control of Induction on Hardened Cast Iron Cylinder Head Valve Seats." Materials Science Forum 163-165 (May 1994): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.163-165.367.

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19

Zhao, R., G. C. Barber, Y. S. Wang, and J. E. Larson. "Wear Mechanism Analysis of Engine Exhaust Valve Seats with a Laboratory Simulator." Tribology Transactions 40, no. 2 (January 1997): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402009708983647.

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20

Chang, Shu-Shuo, Hsieh-Chen Wu, and Chun Chen. "Impact Wear Resistance of Stellite 6 Hardfaced Valve Seats with Laser Cladding." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 23, no. 7 (September 4, 2008): 708–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426910802317102.

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21

Yoshioka, Takashi, H. Ukegawa, H. Kawai, N. Fujita, and T. Igarashi. "Ceramic coating for valve seats and stems by plasma chemical vapor deposition." Surface and Coatings Technology 49, no. 1-3 (December 1991): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0257-8972(91)90038-x.

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22

Zhao, Jianping, Shunli Zhang, Zhenhuan Dou, YuBo Sun, Jiangkun Wan, and Lei Du. "Influence of Sulfur and Additives on Wear of Exhaust Valve Seat of Cylinder Head." Complexity 2021 (July 17, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4762184.

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In this paper, taking a certain type of high-power diesel engine exhaust valve abnormal wear phenomenon as an example, we conduct research on the exhaust valve surface micromorphology characteristics, contact surface accumulation products, additive transition layer, and combustion test. These passed diesel sulfur content comparative test, diesel additive composition analysis, and high-sulfur-content and low-sulfur-content diesel and diesel oil additive action test. At present, there is no authoritative research on the influence of sulfur content in diesel on valve seat wear of high-power diesel engines, and the protection mechanism of diesel additives on the valve seat is not clear. The sulfur in diesel, like the lead in gasoline, has long been known to resist wear in the valve seats of high-power diesel engines; just as gasoline additives compensate for the loss of lead, diesel oil additives seem to compensate for the loss of sulfur. Tests show that a uniform carbon deposition layer is formed on the contact surface after the diesel is burned, and the carbon deposition layer is more densely and uniformly adsorbed on the contact surface under the action of diesel additives to form an antiwear layer. Tests also show that the sulfur in diesel has no effect on the wear resistance of the valve seat.

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23

Oshima, Tadashi, Hajime Kato, Kouji Tanaka, Minoru Kawasaki, Natsuki Sugiyama, and Hironori Aoyama. "Development of New Cobalt-Free Copper Based Alloys for Laser-Clad Valve Seats." Materia Japan 57, no. 1 (2018): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.57.17.

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24

Lacerda, Helder Barbieri, and Ildeu Lúcio Siqueira. "Blade geometry effects on the boring of valve seats of internal combustion engines." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 63, no. 1-4 (February 8, 2012): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-012-3905-x.

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25

Mráz, Jakub, and Břetislav Skrbek. "Influence of Cryogenic Temperatures on Mechanical Properties of Valve Seats of Internal Combustion Engines." Acta Mechanica Slovaca 23, no. 4 (August 22, 2020): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21496/ams.2020.006.

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26

Ben Jemaa, M. C., R. Mnif, K. Fehri, and R. Elleuch. "Design of a New Tribometer for Tribological and Viscoelasticity Studies of PTFE Valve Seats." Tribology Letters 45, no. 1 (October 14, 2011): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11249-011-9872-9.

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27

Lu, Hsueh-Tsung, Yutao Qin, and Yogesh Gianchandani. "A Microvalve Module with High Chemical Inertness and Embedded Flow Heating for Microscale Gas Chromatography." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020632.

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This paper reports a multi-valve module with high chemical inertness and embedded flow heating for microscale gas chromatography (µGC) systems. The multi-valve module incorporates a monolithically microfabricated die stack, polyimide valve membranes, and solenoid actuators. The design incorporates three valves within a single module of volume 30.2 cm3, which is suitable for the small form factor of µGC systems. The die stack uses fused silica wafers and polyimide valve membranes that enhance chemical inertness. The monolithic die stack requires only three lithographic masks to pattern fluidic microchannels, valve seats, and thin-film metal heaters and thermistors. The performance of fabricated multi-valve modules is compared to a commercial valve in tests using multiple volatile organic compounds, including alkanes, alcohols, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons, and phosphonates. The valves show almost no distortion of chromatographic peaks. The experimentally measured ratio of flow conductance is 3.46 × 103, with 4.15 sccm/kPa in the open state and 0.0012 sccm/kPa in the closed state. The response time is <120 ms.

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28

Cheng, Chiang Ho, and Yi Pin Tseng. "Design and Fabrication of the Piezoelectrically Actuated Micropump with Implanted Check Valves." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 2032–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.2032.

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This paper aims to present the design, fabrication and test of a novel piezoelectrically actuated, check valve embedded micropump having the advantages of miniature size, light weight and low power consumption. The micropump consists of a piezoelectric actuator, a stainless steel chamber layer with membrane, two stainless steel channel layers with two valve seats, and a nickel check valve layer with two bridge-type check valves. The check valve layer was fabricated by nickel electroforming process on a stainless steel substrate. The chamber and the channel layer were made of the stainless steel manufactured using the lithography and etching process based on MEMS fabrication technology. The effects of check valve thickness, operating frequency and back pressure on the flow rate of the micropump are investigated. The micropump with check valve 20 μm in thickness obtained higher output values under the sinusoidal waveform of 120 Vpp and 160 Hz. The maximum flow rate and backpressure are 1.82 ml/min and 32 kPa, respectively.

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29

Wu, Ming Hsun, and Chien Mu Lai. "An Experimental Study to Determine the Optimal Sizes for Ball-Valve Micropump Channel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 163 (April 2012): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.163.100.

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The geometrical configurations of ball-valve micropumps have great influence on its efficiency. In particular, the ball valve channels have great influence on the efficiency of ball-valve micropumps because the prevention of backflow directly affects the performance of ball-valve micropumps.This study used water to investigate the optimal size of channels for piezoelectric ball-valve micropumps. The results show that the optimal angle for micro ball valve seats is 30°. The piezoelectric film vibrates rapidly and the back pressure in the water outlet channel is higher than it in the water inlet channel . This phenomenon indicates that channels are optimal sizes for a distance of 0 mm in the water inlet channel and 0.3mm in the water outlet channel.

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30

Safarov, D. T., and A. G. Kondrashov. "Improving the processing accuracy of the valve seats of internal combustion engines using diagnostic measurements." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1050 (July 2018): 012075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1050/1/012075.

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31

Marimuthu, K., and N. Murugan. "Sensitivity analysis of process parameters in PTA hardfacing of valve seats using response surface methodology." Materials Science and Technology 21, no. 8 (August 2005): 941–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328405x51640.

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32

Wu, S.-J., C.-J. Yang, Y.-Q. Xie, L. Yang, and Y. Chen. "Development of a single-shot linear actuator for a deep-sea sampling valve." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 223, no. 10 (June 25, 2009): 2399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1414.

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In this article, a new kind of linear actuator for the deep-sea sampling valve has been described. Based on the working principle of the triggering ring, the actuator employs a preloaded spring to generate an output force and linear movement. The actuator is designed to be used 4000 m underwater and can produce a force of 510 N at the maximal output displacement of 3.5 mm, which can be easily modified by changing the preloaded spring and spring seats. The actuator has been successfully tested to actuate the sampling valve at an ambient pressure of 40 MPa.

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33

Sabarinath, P. "Passive Safety System for Side Impact in Cars." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 7, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v7i4.1623.

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The ultimate aim of this work is to provide the safest ride for the peoples. The following contribution is to protect the precious life of the driver and the co-passengers during the accidents by increasing the distance between the impact zone and the passengers, peculiarly during the crash on the sides. This can be achieved by incorporating a pneumatic cylinder under the seats, which is then actuated by the solenoid valve triggered by the deformation caused by the crashing vehicle. This makes the seats tilted at the time of the accident away from the near side of the door, which saves the life. The high-pressure energy in the container gives ultimate kinetic energy using high velocity gives a sudden actuation of seats in a fraction of seconds clearly say 0.3 seconds. We have re-designed the structure and mechanism of car seats to make it possible to save precious lives. Our design idea does not stop with single possible way of saving the life, it extends to lot of customization and adaptability based on the car structure and available space specific to various brands and models.

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34

Liu, Shuangyu, Jiandong Hu, Hongying Wang, Zuoxing Guo, Cai Yu, A. N. Chumakov, and A. Bosak. "A study on microstructures and properties of P/M valve seats of hot forging by laser irradiation." Optics & Laser Technology 39, no. 4 (June 2007): 758–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2006.03.004.

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35

Pang Ming, 庞铭, and 谭雯丹 Tan Wendan. "Microscopic Characteristic Analysis and Crack Suppression of Laser-Surface Remelting of Vermicular-Graphite Cast-Iron Valve Seats." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 56, no. 21 (2019): 211402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop56.211402.

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36

Tan Wendan, 谭雯丹, 庞铭 Pang Ming, 江国业 Jiang Guoye, 付威 Fu Wei, 张啸寒 Zhang Xiaohan, 胡定云 Hu Dingyun, 崔静 Cui Jing, and 杨广峰 Yang Guangfeng. "Numerical Simulation of Temperature Field in Laser Phase-Transformation Hardening of Highly-Enhanced Diesel Engine Valve Seats." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 55, no. 11 (2018): 111601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop55.111601.

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37

Gasanov, B. G., A. V. Babets, and S. S. Baev. "Producing Bimetallic Rings for Valve Seats of Internal Combustion Engines from Activated Powders of High-Speed Steel." Vestnik of Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University 19, no. 2 (June 28, 2021): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18503/1995-2732-2021-19-2-79-89.

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38

Stein, G. J. "New results on an electropneumatic active seat suspension system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 214, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): 533–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407001527826.

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A vibration control system with an air spring as the actuator and proportional electropneumatic control has been developed at the Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics, Bratislava. As the electropneumatic transducer, a proportional pressure control valve is used in contrast to the previously used proportional flow control valve. The vibration control is facilitated by a combination of a ‘sky hook’ feedback loop and a feedforward loop working on the so-called ‘sky cloud’ principle, compensating base vertical vibration. Good agreement between simulation results and measurement on a laboratory dummy system was observed. The dummy system was also subjected to narrow-band random excitation, prescribed for standardized laboratory tests of driver's seats. The improvement in driver's seat vibration control properties owing to the feedforward vibration compensation is 2.5-fold, i.e. by 8 dB in comparison with ‘sky hook’ feedback damping only. The system could be used for vibration control in automotive applications, especially for vehicles with an unsprung chassis (earth-moving machines, wheeled tractors) and in the heavy vehicles sector.

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39

de Torres, Heike Bartsch, Robert Gade, Arne Albrecht, and Martin Hoffmann. "Systematic Characterization of Embossing Processes for LTCC Tapes." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2008): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/1551-4897-5.4.142.

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Embossing of LTCC green tapes allows the defined patterning of conductor paths and fluidic channels with excellent edge molding. However, basic process settings have not systematically been investigated up to now. We present a comprehensive overview, regarding basic process variables and new manufacturing approaches. Because the molding quality depends on the viscoelastic properties of the tape, rheological measurements were carried out. The influence of the basic process parameters, that is, temperature, pressure, time, and friction, were investigated systematically under the use of design of experiments. The influence of these parameters on the forming of micropatterns down to 10 μm was investigated, as also were the stress of the tape caused by the plastic deformation, the accuracy of edge molding, and the demolding behavior of the embossed tape. Optimum parameters were derived. From the analysis of variances it is clear that friction exerts the most important influence on the molding of fine patterns. Position tolerances of embossed patterns were determined and relaxation effects studied in order to ensure stable process conditions. It was possible to improve the leakage characteristics of valve seats by making use of embossed patterns such as smoothed metallization and a three-dimensional sealing ring. The leakage characteristic of valve seats could be improved by a factor of four.

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Rocha, Cláudio Araújo, Wisley Falco Sales, Clovis Sperb de Barcellos, and Alexandre Mendes Abrão. "Evaluation of the wear mechanisms and surface parameters when machining internal combustion engine valve seats using PCBN tools." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 145, no. 3 (February 2004): 397–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2003.10.004.

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Kohl, Ondrej, Lubomír Pešík, and Antonin Skarolek. "Driver Seat Differential Pneumatic System with Air Damping." Applied Mechanics and Materials 732 (February 2015): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.732.191.

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The paper shows a possibility of the tuning mechanical system by means of two pneumatic springs in a differential configuration connected with a throttle valve. The springs are inserted into the lead mechanism and connected to its parts, and to its supporting platform. The vibrations, transferred from the kinematic excitation of the base, are intended to be minimized. The vibration isolation by means of pneumatic springs is available in many technical systems, e.g. in supports of heavy machinery as well as in systems characterized by the human interaction, such as driver seats, ambulance couchettes, etc. The pneumatic springs provide the option of adaption of the stiffness, and herewith the adaption of the natural frequency of the system according to the exciting frequency. In cases of application of the object vibration isolation, they can change the load characteristics in a relative large range. In the studied case of the differential spring configuration, the springs are connected with an air pipe to the throttle valve. The air being exchanged during the motion period comes through the valve, the cross-section of which determines the time delay of the pneumatic sub-system thus creating a hysteresis of load characteristic of the spring support. This brings an additional, controllable damping to such a system that is profitable in most vibration isolation cases.

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Gorobchenko, S. L., D. A. Kovalev, and G. D. Semenov. "EVALUATION OF THE PROSPECTS OF NEW DESIGNS OF LARGE-DIAMETER BALL VALVE SEATS USING NUMERICAL MODELING AND 3D PRINTING CAPABILITIES." Вестник Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета технологии и дизайна. Серия 1: Естественные и технические науки, no. 1 (2021): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46418/2079-8199_2021_1_18.

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ley, John Bart, Paul Denney, and Al Grubowski. "Using Fiber Optics for Laser Cladding." Journal of Ship Production 8, no. 03 (August 1, 1992): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1992.8.3.157.

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In many Navy structures, there are many large components that are coated for wear protection (valve seats) and/or for corrosion protection (hatch seals) that require periodic refurbishment. This refurbishment is normally accomplished using conventional arc welding processes which in many cases require that the part be removed from the structure to properly control the pre-weld, interpass, and post-weld temperatures as required by the materials used. The removal of such large components, the thermal requirements, and the resulting distortion can greatly increase the cost for refurbishment. The Navy Manufacturing Technology Office (MANTECH) of the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Navy has been funding two major programs through Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA 5142), and the Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University (ARL Penn State) to decrease such high refurbishment costs. The first program is the development of high-powered laser cladding processes for the refurbishment of components that can be removed from the ship and into a laser materials processing facility. The second, and the primary topic of this paper, is the development of a shipboard laser materials processing system that utilizes fiber optics.

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Richter, M., Y. Congar, J. Nissen, G. Neumayer, K. Heinrich, and M. Wackerle. "Development of a multi-material micropump." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 220, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 1619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406jmes289.

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In this paper, the design of a multi-material micropump will be described. The micropump inhibits a very simple design and therefore is very cost efficient. The pump consists of one plastic part, one metal diaphragm, and three piezo lead-zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics. The PZT ceramics, glued on a metal diaphragm, form two active valves (inlet and outlet valve) and one actuation diaphragm. The valve seats, the pump chamber, and the inlet/outlet interfacing channels are formed in the plastic body. Due to its function principle, the micropump is able to pump bidirectionally. The design of the micropump covers bubble tolerant and self-priming features. Therefore, design measures have been carried out to realize a large compression ratio and to reduce the capillary pressures of bubbles in the pump chamber. The pump is able to handle gases and liquids. The plastic body is made of poly-ether-ether-ketone, and the metal diaphragm is made of stainless steel. Therefore, a good chemical resistance will be given. First prototypes of the actuation unit have been manufactured and tested successfully. Each actuation unit is able to performa stroke ofmore than 40 μm. Furthermore, the plastic body has been realized by milling, and preliminary measurements were carried out. For future work, the development and optimization of an improved micropump using microinjection moulding instead of milling are envisaged.

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Bari, S., C. W. Yu, and T. H. Lim. "Performance deterioration and durability issues while running a diesel engine with crude palm oil." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 216, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 785–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070260340871.

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Short-term performance tests using crude palm oil (CPO) as fuel for a diesel engine showed CPO to be a suitable substitute, with a peak pressure about 5 per cent higher and an ignition delay about 3° shorter compared with diesel. Emissions of NO and CO were about 29 and 9 per cent higher respectively for CPO. However, prolonged use of CPO as fuel caused the engine performance to deteriorate. After 500 h cumulative running with CPO, the maximum power was reduced by about 20 per cent and the minimum brake specific fuel consumption (b.s.f.c.) was increased by about 26 per cent. Examination of the different parts after the engine was dismantled revealed heavy carbon deposits in the combustion chamber; traces of wear on the piston rings, the plunger and the delivery valve of the injection pump; slight scuffing of the cylinder liner; and uneven spray from the nozzles. The affected parts were installed in a new identical engine one by one to evaluate the performance of each respectively. Tests revealed that the main reason for engine performance deterioration was ‘valve sticking’, caused by carbon deposits on the valve seats and stems. This resulted in leakage during the compression and power strokes and a reduced effective compression ratio and subsequently affected the power and fuel economy. Valve sticking alone contributed about 18 and 23 per cent to the deterioration in maximum power and minimum b.s.f.c. respectively.

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Valenti, Michael. "Fluid Rising." Mechanical Engineering 121, no. 03 (March 1, 1999): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1999-mar-3.

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This article describes that ergonomic design, improved operation, and increased lifting capability are key elements in the latest models of hydraulic forklifts. More supportive seats and touch-sensitive hydraulic controls are among the ergonomic innovations that Mitsubishi engineered into its latest generation of forklifts. Mitsubishi forklift engines are equipped with hardened steel valve inserts and automatic valves to extend their reliability throughout the length of their performance life. The Mitsubishi designers worked on improving the operator's ability to see through the forklift truck's mast, the structure that carries the forks, by repositioning the hydraulic cylinders and the multiplying chain. Outdoor forklift trucks, also known as rough terrain lift trucks, have been undergoing a change as well. These vehicles offload pallets of bricks, concrete blocks, insulation, and lumber delivered to construction sites. An operator mounts the Manitransit forklift on the rear of a trailer by inserting its forks into the truck's sleeves so that it can be transported to and from unloading sites. The forklifts give drivers full visibility because the telescopic boom needs no mast that might obstruct the view over the forks and load. The boom is mounted low on the truck to ensure a clear field of vision.

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Wu, Angela, Seunghwan Keum, and Volker Sick. "Large Eddy Simulations with Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) modeling of Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs)." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 74 (2019): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2019029.

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In this study, the effects of the thermal boundary conditions at the engine walls on the predictions of Large-Eddy Simulations (LES) of a motored Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) were examined. Two thermal boundary condition cases were simulated. One case used a fixed, uniform wall temperature, which is typically used in conventional LES modeling of ICEs. The second case utilized a Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) modeling approach to obtain temporally and spatially varying wall temperature. The CHT approach solves the coupled heat transfer problem between fluid and solid domains. The CHT case included the solid valves, piston, cylinder head, cylinder liner, valve seats, and spark plug geometries. The simulations were validated with measured bulk flow, near-wall flow, surface temperature, and surface heat flux. The LES quality of both simulations was also discussed. The CHT results show substantial spatial, temporal, and cyclic variability of the wall heat transfer. The surface temperature dynamics obtained from the CHT model compared well with measurements during the compression stroke, but the absolute magnitude was 5 K (or 1.4%) off and the prediction of the drop in temperature after top dead center suffered from temporal resolution limitations. Differences in the predicted flow and temperature fields between the uniform surface temperature and CHT simulations show the impact of the surface temperature on bulk behavior.

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Dyl, Tomasz Cyryl, Robert Starosta, and Robert Skoblik. "Effect of the Unit Pressure on the Selection Parameters of Intermetallic Coatings NiAl and Ni₃Al after Plastic Working." Solid State Phenomena 165 (June 2010): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.165.19.

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Modern materials on intermetallic matrix are in the scope of research of many scientific – research centers in Poland [1]. Intermetallic systematic alloys containing aluminium have high resistance to oxidation, abrasive corrosion and fatigue as well as heat resistance. That is why they are applied in the production of machine parts used in hard service conditions (internal combustion turbine blades, exhaust valves, turbo-blower rotors) [2]. Intermetallic coatings can be obtained by means of plasma spraying. Thermal spraying technology is widely used due to the possibility of increasing the service properties in surface layers (strength property, tribological, anti-corrosive and decorative property) as well as coating application on machine parts elements, on tools for plastic working (forging moulds busters, piston rods, gear wheels teeth, crank journals, valve seats, and combustion engine cylinders) [3, 4]. NiAl and Ni3Al coatings are characterized by high fatigue resistance, heat resistance and considerable corrosion resistance [5]. Coatings obtained by thermal spraying have high surface roughness. Thus, subsequent plastic treatment is advisable for plasma-sprayed intermetallic coatings. Therefore it is vital to define to what extent the change of unit pressure will influence reduction of surface roughness of intermetallic coatings. For this purpose experimental upsetting research was carried out on C45 steel samples having NiAl and Ni3Al coatings for the following unit pressures p = 500 MPa, p = 800 MPa, p = 1100 MPa.

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T. Á., Igaz. "Alumínium hengerfej szelepülékek kísérleti vizsgálata." International Journal of Engineering Management Sciences 2, no. 1 (April 18, 2017): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21791/ijems.2017.1.18.

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T. Á., Igaz. "Alumínium hengerfej szelepülékek kísérleti vizsgálata." International Journal of Engineering Management Sciences 2, no. 1 (April 18, 2017): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21791/ijems.2017.1.18.

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