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Journal articles on the topic 'Valve timing control'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

NAGAYA, Kosuke, Takaaki SUZUKI, Katuhito IMAI, and Yasuhiro IMAI. "Engine valve timing control system." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2000.1 (2000): 903–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2000.1.0_903.

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2

Nagaya, Kosuke, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, and Kazuya Koike. "Valve timing and valve lift control mechanism for engines." Mechatronics 16, no. 2 (March 2006): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2005.09.007.

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3

Li, Huan, Ying Huang, Guoming Zhu, and Zheng Lou. "Adaptive LQT Valve Timing Control for an Electro-Hydraulic Variable Valve Actuator." IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 27, no. 5 (September 2019): 2182–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2018.2861865.

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4

MURATA, Yutaka, Daisuke KAWANO, Jin KUSAKA, Yasuhiro DAISHO, Hisakazu SUZUKI, Hajime ISHII, Yuichi GOTO, and Matsuo ODAKA. "3108 Control of Ignition Timing of Premixed Diesel Combustion with Variable Valve Timing." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2005.3 (2005): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2005.3.0_55.

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5

TAKAGI, Masahide, and Yoshio TAKASUGI. "Study of Internal EGR Control Using Variable Valve Timing." Journal of The Japan Institute of Marine Engineering 39, no. 10 (2004): 706–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.39.706.

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6

Pan, Yaodong, and Ümit Özgüner. "Extremum Seeking Control of a Variable Valve timing Engine." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 37, no. 22 (April 2004): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)30340-3.

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7

ASTAWA, KETUT. "PENCAPAIAN PERFORMA PADA KATUP VARIABEL TIMING FIXED TIMING UNTUK MESIN YANG OPTIMAL." Jurnal Teknik Industri 11, no. 1 (February 18, 2012): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jtiumm.vol11.no1.68-74.

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Problems will be discussed in this research is how differences in exhaust emissions generatedby engine with variable valve timing and valve timing on a fixed volume of motor vehiclecylinder 1300 cc. Variable valve timing technology, which is set when opening and closingthe intake valve (intake valve) electronic fuel according to engine conditions. This will makemixing air and fuel that enters into an efficient machine that will produce great power, fueleconomy and low emissions. Research emissions (CO, CO2, HC, O2) was performedwith dynamictesting, where the vehicle in a state of the load lifted and given transmission. Unlikethe testing generally performed with a static test, in which the vehicle is at rest and without aload. This test is performed to determine how the condition of exhaust gases when the vehicledynamic (analogous to the vehicle running). In general, machines with variable valve timingto produce better emissions than engines with fixed valve timing. The higher the spin machineand load transmission system will result in CO and HC emissions are decreased and O2 andCO2 increased. Engine with variable valve timing control the suction valve opening times toachieve optimum engine performance at various driving conditions. And set out the engineoutput as needed.

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8

Nagaya, Kosuke, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Takaaki Suzuki, Kazuya Koike, Noriaki Takahashi, and Xujing Zhang. "Magnetic driven valve system and valve timing control mechanism for internal combustion engines." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 19, no. 1-4 (April 24, 2004): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-2004-541.

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9

Lee, Donghoon, Li Jiang, Hakan Yilmaz, and Anna G. Stefanopoulou. "Preliminary Results on Optimal Variable Valve Timing and Spark Timing Control via Extremum Seeking." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 43, no. 18 (2010): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20100913-3-us-2015.00038.

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10

Hall, Carrie M., Gregory M. Shaver, Jonathan Chauvin, and Nicolas Petit. "Control-oriented modelling of combustion phasing for a fuel-flexible spark-ignited engine with variable valve timing." International Journal of Engine Research 13, no. 5 (April 10, 2012): 448–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087412439019.

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In an effort to reduce dependence on petroleum-based fuels and increase engine efficiency, fuel-flexible engines with advanced technologies, including variable valve timing, are being developed. Fuel-flexible spark-ignition engines permit the increased use of ethanol–gasoline blends. Ethanol, an alternative to petroleum-based gasoline, is a renewable fuel, which has the added advantage of improving performance in operating regions that are typically knock limited due to the higher octane rating of ethanol. Furthermore, many modern engines are also being equipped with variable valve timing, a technology that can increase engine efficiency by reducing pumping losses. Through control of valve timings, particularly the amount of positive valve overlap, the quantity of burned gas in the engine cylinder can be altered, eliminating the need for intake throttling at many operating points. However, the presence of elevated levels of in-cylinder burned gas and ethanol fuel can have a significant impact on the combustion timing, such that capturing these effects is essential if the combustion phasing is to be properly controlled. This paper outlines a physically based model capable of capturing the impact of the ethanol blend ratio, burned gas fraction, spark timing and operating conditions on combustion timing. Since efficiency is typically tied to an optimal CA50 (crank angle when 50% of fuel is burned), this model is designed to provide accurate estimates of CA50 that can be used for real-time control efforts – allowing the CA50 to be adjusted to its optimal value despite changes in ethanol blend and burned gas fraction, as well as the variations in engine thermodynamic conditions that may occur during transients. The proposed control-oriented model was extensively validated at over 500 points across the engine operating range for four blends of gasoline and ethanol. Furthermore, the model was utilized to determine the impact of ethanol blend and burned gas fraction on the CA50, as well as their impact on the optimal spark timing. This study indicated that the burned gas fraction could change the optimal spark timing by over 20° at some operating conditions and that ethanol content could further affect the optimal spark timing by up to 6°. Leveraging the model in this manner provides direct evidence that accounting for the impact of these two inputs is critical for proper spark-ignition timing control.

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11

Nam, Kanghyun, and Seibum B. Choi. "Development of a camless engine valve actuator system for robust engine valve timing control." International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing 7, no. 4 (2012): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvsmt.2012.049429.

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12

Sasaki, Tomiyuki, Youichi Kawaguchi, and Masaru Ogura. "Ignition Timing Control of Premixed Diesel Engine by Continuous Intake and Exhaust Variable Valve Timing." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2004.3 (2004): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2004.3.0_81.

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13

MITIANIEC, Władysław, and Grzegorz BAC. "Camless hydraulic valve timing system in combustion engines." Combustion Engines 146, no. 3 (November 1, 2011): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117089.

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The paper discusses the control of the operation of combustion engines through a camless electro-hydraulic valve timing system aiming at a lower exhaust emission and increased overall efficiency. The paper presents an electro-hydraulic valve system and a mathematical model of the fluid flow. The model was simulated in Matlab–Simulink for different geometrical parameters of the hydraulic system and electric control parameters in order to obtain a required valve lift and timing in the Toyota Yaris gasoline 1.3 l engine. The paper presents the Simulink model and the results of calculation in Simulink. Additionally, a comparison of engine parameters with a standard cam valve system and those of the camless hydraulic valve timing system have been shown for different engine speeds obtained from the simulation in GT-Power software. The obtained results show a significant increase of the engine torque and efficiency at higher engine speeds for the considered camless system in the Toyota Yaris gasoline engine. The paper showsboth the advantages and disadvantages of the described valve system.

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14

Tao, Jianwu. "VARIABLE VALVE TIMING SYSTEM OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE BASED ON INTELLIGENT CONTROL." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 39, no. 09 (2003): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2003.09.101.

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15

Kang, Jun-Mo, and J. W. Grizzle. "Dynamic control of a SI engine with variable intake valve timing." International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 13, no. 5 (2003): 399–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rnc.721.

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16

Schulze, Tino, Karsten Krügel, and Sonja Lillwitz. "Virtual Development of Control Unit Functions for Fully Variable Valve Timing." MTZ worldwide 73, no. 6 (June 2012): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38313-012-0188-4.

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17

Rajput, Oudumbar, Youngchul Ra, Kyoung-Pyo Ha, and You-Sang Son. "Numerical study on combustion characteristics of six-stroke-cycle gasoline compression ignition engine with continuously variable valve duration valve technology." International Journal of Engine Research 22, no. 1 (March 29, 2019): 165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419838390.

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Engine performance and emissions of a six-stroke gasoline compression ignition engine with a wide range of continuously variable valve duration control were numerically investigated at low engine load conditions. For the simulations, an in-house three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics code with high-fidelity physical sub-models was used, and the combustion and emission kinetics were computed using a reduced kinetics mechanism for a 14-component gasoline surrogate fuel. Variation of valve timing and duration was considered under both positive valve overlap and negative valve overlap including the rebreathing of intake valves via continuously variable valve duration control. Close attention was paid to understand the effects of two additional strokes of the engine cycle on the thermal and chemical conditions of charge mixtures that alter ignition, combustion and energy recovery processes. Double injections were found to be necessary to effectively utilize the additional two strokes for the combustion of overly mixed lean charge mixtures during the second power stroke. It was found that combustion phasing in both power strokes is effectively controlled by the intake valve closure timing. Engine operation under negative valve overlap condition tends to advance the ignition timing of the first power stroke but has minimal effect on the ignition timing of second power stroke. Re-breathing was found to be an effective way to control the ignition timing in second power stroke at a slight expense of the combustion efficiency. The operation of a six-stroke gasoline compression ignition engine could be successfully simulated. In addition, the operability range of the six-stroke gasoline compression ignition engine could be substantially extended by employing the continuously variable valve duration technique.

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18

Sadeghian, Behrouz, Shahram Yousefi, and Touraj Sadeghian. "An Analytical Investigation of Magnetic Variable Valve Timing System in Internal Combustion Engines." Mapta Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (MJMIE) 4, no. 1 (October 19, 2020): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33544/mjmie.v4i1.128.

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Extensive activities have been carried out, including variable valve timing systems, smoke recovery systems and direct fuel injection engines to reduce engine emissions and increase engine efficiency. In four-stroke engines, the valves are moved using a cam, and the shape of the cam determines the timing of each valve. But using variable valve timing in the engine is an effective and big step to improve the resulting performance. The variable electromagnetic valve scheduling system allows the exhaust and fuel valves to operate in a completely variable manner and to react to the smallest changes in the cylinder heads. Today, it is used to control the valve timing by using a hydraulic motor and a cam. But the design and construction of the system studied in this research have more modern technology. In this study, magnetic magnets were used to remove the camshaft, camshaft, crankshaft, crankshaft and many mechanical parts instead of using a hydraulic motor to control variable timing and valve movement. Magnets in which existing coils acquire magnetic properties by applying current to them. For each valve, two magnets are used, one to open and the other to close the valve with a spring. Many dynamic and magnetic parameters have been used in the design of this system, and many geometric constraints are involved in its design. The electromagnetic force generated is proportional to the volume of the magnetic magnet, and this designed volume is limited by the space of the cylinder head block. The speed distribution of valves and armatures is Gaussian. The minimum valve speed in an electromagnetic motor depends on the natural frequency of the mass and spring system. It is constant regardless of the motor speed.

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19

Nejad, F. Bakhtiari, and S. Azadi. "FUZZY GAIN SCHEDULING CONTROL OF SPARK IGNITION ENGINES WITH VARIABLE VALVE TIMING." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 25, no. 3-4 (September 2001): 353–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2001-0020.

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20

Le Solliec, G., J. Chauvin, and G. Corde. "EXPERIMENTAL AIRPATH CONTROL OF A TURBOCHARGED S.I. ENGINE WITH VALVE TIMING ACTUATORS." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 40, no. 10 (2007): 601–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20070820-3-us-2918.00081.

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21

Yilmaz, Hakan, and Anna Stefanopoulou. "Control of Charge Dilution in Turbocharged Diesel Engines via Exhaust Valve Timing." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 127, no. 3 (August 24, 2004): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1985440.

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In this paper we extend an existing crank angle resolved dynamic nonlinear model of a six-cylinder 12 l turbocharged (TC) Diesel engine with exhaust valve closing (EVC) variability. Early EVC achieves a high level of internal exhaust gas recirculation (iEGR) or charge dilution in Diesel engines, and thus reduces generated oxides of nitrogen (NOx). This model is validated in steady-state conventional (fixed EVC) engine operating points. It is expected to capture the transient interactions between EVC actuation, the turbocharger dynamics, and the cylinder-to-cylinder breathing characteristics, although this has not been explicitly validated due to lack of hardware implementation. A nominal low order linear multi-input multi-output model is then identified using cycle-sampled or cycle-averaged data from the higher order nonlinear simulation model. Various low-order controllers that vary EVC to maximize the steady-state iEGR under air-to-fuel ratio (AFR) constraints during transient fueling demands are suggested based on different sensor sets. The difficulty in the control tuning arises from the fact that the EVC affects both the AFR and engine torque requiring coordination of fueling and EVC. Simulation results are shown on the full order model.

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22

Shaver, G. M., M. J. Roelle, P. A. Caton, N. B. Kaahaaina, N. Ravi, J.-P. Hathout, J. Ahmed, et al. "A physics-based approach to the control of homogeneous charge compression ignition engines with variable valve actuation." International Journal of Engine Research 6, no. 4 (August 1, 2005): 361–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/146808705x30512.

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Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a promising low-temperature combustion strategy for reducing NOx emissions and increasing efficiency in internal combustion engines. However, HCCI has no direct combustion initiator and, when achieved by reinducting or trapping residual exhaust gas with a variable valve actuation (VVA) system, becomes a dynamic process as the temperature of the residual gas couples one cycle to the next. These characteristics of residual-affected HCCI present a challenge for control engineers and a barrier to implementing HCCI in a production engine. In order to address these challenges, this paper outlines physics-based control strategies for both the VVA system and the HCCI combustion process. The results show that VVA system control can provide arbitrary valve timings on a cycle-to-cycle basis, enabling tight control of HCCI. By abstracting these valve timings further into an inducted gas composition and an effective compression ratio, model-based controllers can be developed to control simultaneously load and combustion timing in an HCCI engine.

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23

Höckerdal, Erik, Stefan Orrling, and Elina Fantenberg. "Cylinder Charge Estimation in Diesel Engines with Dual Independent Variable Valve Timing." IFAC-PapersOnLine 52, no. 5 (2019): 636–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.09.101.

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24

Lee, T.-K., and Z. S. Filipi. "Nonlinear model predictive control of a dual-independent variable valve timing engine with electronic throttle control." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 225, no. 9 (July 4, 2011): 1221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407011407691.

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25

Beham, M., M. Etzel, and D. L. Yu. "Development of a new automatic calibration method for control of variable valve timing." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 218, no. 7 (July 2004): 707–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407041580076.

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26

Liu, Yan. "Analysis of the Variable Intake Control Technology on the Car." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 2523–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.2523.

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In recent years, major car companies research and use a variety of advanced intake control technologies, the most commonly used techniques are the power valve control technology, harmonic boost control technology, variable valve timing control technology. After the actual using, these techniques can really improve the volumetric efficiency of the engine, improve engine performance.

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27

Dmitriev, S. A., and A. E. Khrulev. "Thermal Damage of Intake Valves in ICE with Variable Timing." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 16, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 7243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.16.4.2019.06.0540.

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The article provides the study on causes of damage to ICE intake valves, in the course of which the intake valve heads have been overheated and deformed as a result of material creep. On the example of the failure detected in the analysed engine, it has been established that the traditionally known reasons such as the combustion process failure cannot cause the damage described. For the purpose of determining the real causes of damage to the intake valves the authors simulated the thermal state of the intake valve in the heatingcooling conditions with the impact of gas in the cylinder and the impact of air in the intake pipe as well as the contact heat exchange with the seat with regard to thermal conductivity along the stem. The calculations have shown that with the increase of rotation frequency the failure of the control system that causes the engine to run at high rotation frequencies with a small intake valve lift leads to the temperature increase higher than it is recommended for the materials used, which causes the described overheating. Based on the conducted research the authors have developed recommendations for improving the reliability of the intake valves performance in the ICEs with variable valve timing.

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28

Murata, Y., J. Kusaka, M. Odaka, Y. Daisho, D. Kawano, H. Suzuki, H. Ishii, and Y. Goto. "Emissions suppression mechanism of premixed diesel combustion with variable valve timing." International Journal of Engine Research 8, no. 5 (October 1, 2007): 415–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/14680874jer01007.

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A variable valve timing (VVT) mechanism is applied to achieve premixed diesel combustion at higher load for low emissions and high thermal efficiency in a light-duty diesel engine. By means of late intake valve closing (LIVC), compressed gas temperatures near the top dead centre are lowered, thereby preventing too early ignition and increasing ignition delay to enhance fuel-air mixing. The variability of an effective compression ratio has significant potential for ignition timing control of conventional diesel fuel mixtures. At the same time, the expansion ratio is kept constant to ensure thermal efficiency. Combining the control of LIVC, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), supercharging systems, and high-pressure fuel injection equipment can simultaneously reduce NO x and smoke. The NO x and smoke suppression mechanism in the premixed diesel combustion is analysed using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (3D-CFD) code combined with detailed chemistry. LIVC can achieve a significant NO x and smoke reduction due to lowering combustion temperatures and avoiding local overrich regions in the mixtures respectively.

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29

Dwiaji, Yudhi Chandra, and Oka Mahendra. "Analisis Perbandingan Teoritis Performansi Daya Mesin Mobil dan Konsumsi Bahan Bakar Spesifik Berteknologi VVT-i dan Non VVT-i." Journal of Applied Mechanical Engineering and Renewable Energy 1, no. 1 (February 3, 2021): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52158/jamere.v1i1.82.

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Mesin berteknologi VVT-i (Variable Valve Timing with Intellegence) pada dasarnya bekerja mengoptimalkan torsi mesin pada setiap kecepatan serta kondisi mengemudi. Mekanisme tersebut akhirnya akan membuahkan konsumsi BBM menjadi lebih efisien serta emisi gas buang menjadi lebih rendah. Cara kerja teknologi VVT-i cukup sederhana, yaitu untuk menghitung waktu buka tutup katup (Valve Timing) yang optimal, ECU (Electronic Control Unit) akan menyesuaikan dengan kecepatan mesin, volume udara masuk, posisi throttle dan temperatur air. Agar target valve timing senantiasa terwujud, sensor posisi crankshaft memberikan sinyal yang menjadi respon koreksi. Sistem VVT-i ini akan mengoreksi valve timing atau jalur keluar masuk bahan bakar dan udara. Disesuaikan dengan pijakan pedal gas dan beban yang ditanggung untuk menghasilkan torsi optimal di tiap putaran dan beban mesin. Teknologi ini juga diklaim memiliki kelebihan tenaga yang jauh lebih optimal dan hemat konsumsi bahan bakar, serta ramah lingkungan.

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30

Cho, Chung-Il, and Hyeong-Joon Ahn. "Control Performance Test of an Electrically-Controlled Variable Valve Timing System Using Servo Motors." Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering 34, no. 6 (June 1, 2017): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.7736/kspe.2017.34.6.397.

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31

Sugihara, Youichi, Masanori Atarashi, Mitsuru Konno, and Zhili Chen. "Development of the energy accumulated type variable valve timing system for HCCI combustion control." Proceedings of Ibaraki District Conference 2004 (2004): 183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeibaraki.2004.183.

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32

Leroy, T., J. Chauvin, N. Petit, and G. Corde. "MOTION PLANNING CONTROL OF THE AIRPATH OF AN S.I. ENGINE WITH VALVE TIMING ACTUATORS." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 40, no. 10 (2007): 617–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20070820-3-us-2918.00083.

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33

Xie, Hui, Kang Song, and Yu He. "A hybrid disturbance rejection control solution for variable valve timing system of gasoline engines." ISA Transactions 53, no. 4 (July 2014): 889–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2013.10.006.

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34

Cheng, Guang Zhen, Hong Fei Lin, and Ying Jun Dai. "Frequency Conversion Timing to Adjust the Centrifugal Pump Flows." Advanced Materials Research 476-478 (February 2012): 1011–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.476-478.1011.

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This document introduce commonly used to control the centrifugal water pump flow, The valve export opens degree, control pump turning speed , working principle and characteristics of the Two kinds methods, the structure of the three-phase Frequency Conversion, the Frequency Conversion external connection, point out the effect that frequency conversion timing to Adjust the flow of the pump.

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35

Ma, Bin, Wei Dong, Ling He, and Ping Sun. "Design of Variable Valve Agency for Gasoline Engine Based on AVLBOOST." Applied Mechanics and Materials 568-570 (June 2014): 1728–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.568-570.1728.

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As an important technological means for engines’ low emission with high efficiency, variable valve agency is widely applied in the new-type machine’s R&D and the old-type machine’s modification. This paper applies AVL BOOST one-dimensional simulation software to the working process of the small displacement electronic control gasoline engine and proceeds with the analog simulating calculation. The data error between the calculated result and the original experiment one is less than 5%, so the calculation precision meets the requirements. As formulating simulation study programs and analyzing the valve timing parameters’ impact on the low-emission electronic control gasoline engine’s performances, this paper finds the intake duration angle, the exhaust advance angle, and the valve overlap, all receive big impacts; the original machine’s valve timing optimizes the treatment of working conditions with high speed while sacrificing the power performance of low-speed working conditions. On this basis, this paper designs the variable valve mechanism, and improves the original machine’s medium-and-low rotating speed’s torque by 10% or so.

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36

Shiozawa, Ken, Kenji Ariga, Tetsuro Murata, Hironori Ito, Hitoshi Takeuchi, Takahiro Anada, Masamichi Hayashi, Masaki Kobayashi, and Shigeru Nakajima. "Development of the Multi Locking Hydraulic Variable Valve Timing Control System(VTC) for Hybrid Engines." SAE International Journal of Engines 7, no. 3 (April 1, 2014): 1532–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-1703.

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37

Jungkunz, Adam F., Hsien-Hsin Liao, Nikhil Ravi, and J. Christian Gerdes. "Reducing combustion variation of late-phasing HCCI with cycle-to-cycle exhaust valve timing control." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 43, no. 7 (July 2010): 815–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20100712-3-de-2013.00161.

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38

Tian, Hao, Perry Y. Li, and James D. Van de Ven. "Valve Timing Control for a Digital Displacement Hydraulic Motor Using an Angle-Domain Repetitive Controller." IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 24, no. 3 (June 2019): 1306–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2019.2906347.

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39

Leroy, Thomas, Jonathan Chauvin, and Nicolas Petit. "Motion planning for experimental air path control of a variable-valve-timing spark ignition engine." Control Engineering Practice 17, no. 12 (December 2009): 1432–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2008.10.010.

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40

Park, Jung-Ho, Kazuhiro Yoshida, Chikara Ishikawa, Shinichi Yokota, Takeshi Seto, and Kunihiko Takagi. "A Study on High-Output Resonance-Driven Piezoelectric Micropumps Using Active Check Valves." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 16, no. 2 (April 20, 2004): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2004.p0171.

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A novel high-output resonance-driven piezoelectric micropump using two active check valves in place of conventional passive check valves used in inlet and outlet is proposed. It actively controls opening/closing of check valves using piezoelectric actuator synchronizing with expansion/contraction of pump chamber. A prototype micropump is fabricated with an effective size of 17×8×1mm3. When tap water is used as the working fluid, pumping characteristics of the fabricated pump are experimentally investigated using an adequate timing control for valve opening/closing. From experimental results, it is ascertained that optimal values of the phase shift for the voltage to drive the pump chamber to realize a miniaturized but powerful micropump are 15° in inlet check valve and 195° in outlet. Based on obtained results, a sheet active shuttle valve that has a unified valve body for inlet and outlet check valves is newly proposed. A micropump with an effective size of 10×10×10mm3is fabricated and the basic characteristics are experimentally investigated.

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41

Halbe, Mayura H., David J. Fain, Gregory M. Shaver, Lyle Kocher, and David Koeberlein. "Control-oriented premixed charge compression ignition CA50 model for a diesel engine utilizing variable valve actuation." International Journal of Engine Research 18, no. 8 (December 1, 2016): 847–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087416678510.

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Premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) is a promising combustion strategy for reducing in-cylinder NOx and particulate matter formation in diesel engines without incurring fuel penalty. However, one of the challenges in PCCI implementation is that the process does not allow direct control of the combustion timing. The crank angle of 50% heat release, known as the CA50, is generally a reasonable proxy for the quality of combustion in terms of maximum pressure rise rate, combustion noise, and fuel conversion efficiency. This paper outlines the development, and validation, of a real-time capable estimation strategy for diesel-fueled PCCI CA50 using production-viable measurements that do not include in-cylinder pressure. The CA50 estimation strategy considers both stages of diesel-fueled PCCI combustion—low-temperature heat release and high-temperature heat release, which contributes most to the cumulative heat released during combustion. The strategy is validated using a PCCI CA50 dataset generated with a wide range of positions of a variable geometry turbocharge, exhaust gas recirculation fractions, and intake valve closing timings. The model estimates CA50 within ±2 CAD for 65 out of 80 data points and exhibits an error standard deviation of 2.55 CAD.

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Lu, Jiayu, and Siqin Chang. "A novel active disturbance rejection controller for an electromagnetic valve actuator." MATEC Web of Conferences 202 (2018): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820202010.

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In order to achieve fully variable and precise motion control of the electromagnetic valve actuator, enhance the engine performance, a novel active disturbance rejection controller for an electromagnetic valve actuator based on trajectory planning and acceleration feedforward is proposed. A fourth-order trajectory planning is used to achieve fully variable valve motion control, including variable valve lift and timing. It can also reduce the impact and vibration of EMVA system. Active disturbance rejection controller is used to estimate the variant dynamic and external disturbances of the system. The acceleration feedforward is compensated for the system to improve the tracking and steady state accuracy. Comparative simulations results show the proposed controller can improve the dynamic performance and the robustness of the system, and enhance the control precision.

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Gurumurthy, Sathyavel, Surya Kamal Thakur, and Sachin Mohan. "Automation in Spillcut Marking." Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 880–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.880.

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The project involves elimination of rejection of H-engines during testing by improved methods of automation in spill cut using pneumatics which control the injection timing and is subsequently used at a later state in the engine assembly to set the valve timing. Improper injection timing leads to excess smoke. The new method which we have opted reduces man power, time consumption and the fuel wastage an optimum level which increases the productivity of the engine.

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Kakaee, Amir Hasan, Behrooz Mashadi, and Mostafa Ghajar. "A novel volumetric efficiency model for spark ignition engines equipped with variable valve timing and variable valve lift Part 1: model development." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 231, no. 2 (August 5, 2016): 175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407016650545.

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Estimation of the air charge and the volumetric efficiency is one of the most challenging tasks in the control of internal-combustion engines owing to the intrinsic complexity and the non-linearity of the gas flow phenomena. In particular, with emerging new technologies such as systems with variable valve timing and variable valve lift, the number of effective parameters increases greatly, making the estimation task more complicated. On the other hand, using a three-way catalyst converter needs strict control of the air-to-fuel ratio to around the stoichiometric ratio, and hence more accurate models are required for estimation of the air charge. Therefore, various models have been proposed in the literature for estimation of the volumetric efficiency and the air charge. However, they are either strictly based on physical first principles, making them impractical for conventional applications, or nearly fully empirical and need many experimental data for calibration. In this paper, using a novel approach, a new semiempirical model is proposed for estimation of the volumetric efficiency, which is calibrated with very few experimental data and can be used easily for real-time applications. In addition to the valve timings, the engine speed and the intake manifold pressure, the inlet valve lift is also considered as the model input. The generalizability of the model is proved by applying it to estimate the volumetric efficiency of six different engines. Furthermore, a systematic approach is taken to simplify the proposed model and to strengthen its prediction capability. The result is a simple, practical and generalizable model which can be used for various spark ignition engines, can be trained with very few data and can be utilized for estimating accurately the volumetric efficiency in real-time applications.

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Kalinowski, Marcin, and Zbigniew Kamiński. "Measurement and Evaluation of Functional and Operational Coefficients of Hydraulic Solenoid Valve Prototypes Used for Variable Valve Timing Control in Combustion Engines." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2021-0011.

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Abstract This paper describes the engineering structure and functions of a typical solenoid valve used in hydraulic mechanisms that are based on variable camshaft timing (VCT). The main operating parameters and functional utility coefficients of hydraulic solenoid valves have been defined. Tests of 10 reference and 10 prototype valves were run on a test stand for a comparative assessment of both engineering concepts based on Welch and Mann–Whitney statistical tests of the mean values of designated coefficients. The studies identified differences between both designs, and the obtained research material was used as an input to improve the performance of the engineered concept. To perform a final evaluation of the effects that arise as a result of changes introduced to some functional–operational coefficients, additional tests are required to be run on an engine testbed. The applied test methodology may then be used for control and verification tests of the valves, which can further be used in VCT technology.

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Zsiga, Norbert, Johannes Ritzmann, and Patrik Soltic. "Practical Aspects of Cylinder Deactivation and Reactivation." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 28, 2021): 2540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092540.

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Cylinder deactivation is an effective measure to reduce the fuel consumption of internal combustion engines. This paper deals with several practical aspects of switching from conventional operation to operation with deactivated cylinders, i.e., gas spring operation with closed intake and exhaust valves. The focus of this paper lies on one particular quantity-controlled stoichiometrically-operated engine where the load is controlled using the valve timing. Nevertheless, the main results are transferable to other engines and engine types, including quality-controlled engines. The first aspect of this paper is an analysis of the transition from fired to gas spring operation, and vice versa, as well as the gas spring operation itself. This is essential for mode changes, such as cylinder deactivation or skip-firing operation. Simulation results show that optimizing the valve timing in the last cycle before deactivating/first cycle after reactivating a cylinder, respectively, is advantageous. We further show that steady-state gas spring operation is reached after approximately 6 s regardless of the initial conditions and the engine speed. The second aspect of this paper experimentally verifies the advantage of optimized valve timings. Furthermore, we show measurements that demonstrate the occurrence of an unavoidable torque ripple, especially when the transition to and from the deactivated cylinder operation is performed too quickly. We also confirm with our experiments that a more gradual mode transition reduces the torque drop.

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Cofaru, Corneliu, and Mihaela Virginia Popescu. "Research on combustion process of gasoline homogenous charge compression ignition engine." MATEC Web of Conferences 184 (2018): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818401013.

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The paper presents the research designed to develop a HCCI (Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition) engine starting from a spark ignition engine platform. The chosen test engine was a single cylinder, four strokes provided with a carburettor. The results of experimental research data obtained on this version were used as a baseline for the next phase of the research. In order to obtain the HCCI configuration, the engine was modified, as follows: the compression ratio was increased from 9.7 to 11.5 to ensure that the air – fuel mixture auto-ignite and to improve the engine efficiency; the carburettor was replaced by a direct fuel injection system in order to control precisely the fuel mass per cycle taking into account the measured intake air-mass; the valves shape were modified to provide a safety engine operation by ensuring the provision of sufficient clearance beetween the valve and the piston; the exchange gas system was changed from fixed timing to variable valve timing to have the possibilities of modification of quantities of trapped burnt gases. The cylinder processes were simulated on virtual model. The experimental research works were focused on determining the parameters which control the combustion timing of HCCI engine to obtain the best energetic and ecologic parameters.

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Osorio, Julian D., and Alejandro Rivera-Alvarez. "Efficiency enhancement of spark-ignition engines using a Continuous Variable Valve Timing system for load control." Energy 161 (October 2018): 649–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.07.009.

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Serrano, José R., Francisco J. Arnau, Jaime Martín, and Ángel Auñón. "Development of a Variable Valve Actuation Control to Improve Diesel Oxidation Catalyst Efficiency and Emissions in a Light Duty Diesel Engine." Energies 13, no. 17 (September 3, 2020): 4561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174561.

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Growing interest has arisen to adopt Variable Valve Timing (VVT) technology for automotive engines due to the need to fulfill the pollutant emission regulations. Several VVT strategies, such as the exhaust re-opening and the late exhaust closing, can be used to achieve an increment in the after-treatment upstream temperature by increasing the residual gas amount. In this study, a one-dimensional gas dynamics engine model has been used to simulate several VVT strategies and develop a control system to actuate over the valves timing in order to increase diesel oxidation catalyst efficiency and reduce the exhaust pollutant emissions. A transient operating conditions comparison, taking the Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC) as a reference, has been done by analyzing fuel economy, HC and CO pollutant emissions levels. The results conclude that the combination of an early exhaust and a late intake valve events leads to a 20% reduction in CO emissions with a fuel penalty of 6% over the low speed stage of the WLTC, during the warm-up of the oxidation catalyst. The same set-up is able to reduce HC emissions down to 16% and NOx emission by 13%.

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Zhang, Fangyuan, Zhongshu Wang, Jing Tian, Linlin Li, Kaibo Yu, and Kunyi He. "Effect of EGR and Fuel Injection Strategies on the Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Emission Performance under Transient Operation." Energies 13, no. 3 (January 24, 2020): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030566.

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To reduce the smoke and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions; a detailed study concerned with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and diesel injection strategy was conducted on a two-stage series turbocharging diesel engine under transient operating condition. One transient process based on the constant speed of 1650 r/min and load increases linearly from 10% to 100% within 5 s was tested in this study. The effect of the EGR valve control strategy on engine transient performance was examined. The results show that better air-fuel mixing quality can be obtained with the optimized the EGR valve open loop control strategy and the smoke opacity peak decreased more than 64%. Under the EGR valve close loop control strategy; the smoke opacity peak was lower than with open loop control strategy; but higher than without EGR. The effect of fuel injection strategy on engine transient performance was examined with the EGR valve close loop control. The results show that sectional-stage rail pressure (SSRP) strategy (increasing injection pressure from a turning point load to 100% load) and optimizing fuel injection timing can improve the engine emission performance. The satisfactory results can be obtained with lower NOx (382 ppm) emissions and the smoke opacity peak (3.8%), when the turning point load is set to 60% with the injection timing delay 6° CA.

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