Journal articles: 'Vancouver (B.C.) – History'

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Kaviani, R., F. Y. Chou, C. B. He, and V. Marquez. "A95 ASSESSMENT OF BIRTH COHORT SCREENING OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C IN COLORECTAL CANCER SCREENING PATIENTS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 6, Supplement_1 (March 1, 2023): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwac036.095.

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Abstract Background Birth cohort screening of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is recommended in British Columbia since 2018 for baby boomers born between 1945 to 1964, with an estimated provincial prevalence of 2.31%. Though there remained a gap in care following anti-hepatitis C positivity, resulting in reflexive ribonucleic acid (RNA) testing provincially. Dual screening of CHC in patients referred to colorectal (CRC) screening programs can provide an opportunity to link patients with healthcare professionals to ensure appropriate follow-up. Purpose We aimed to assess the uptake of CHC screening amongst CRC screening patients after the release of British Columbia’s birth cohort guidelines, both pre and post-COVID-19 pandemic. Method A retrospective review of patients referred to a CRC screening program in Vancouver from October 1st to December 31st, 2019, and December 1st – 31st, 2021, was performed. Collected data included demographics, liver disease history, and co-infection rates with hepatitis B (HBV) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Dates of first-time hepatitis C antibody, RNA and viral load testing were gathered. Descriptive statistics were used to identify the proportion of screening and prevalence of CHC. Result(s) A total of 553 patients were referred for colonoscopy to the CRC screening program, of whom 458 (82.8%) patients were born between 1945 to 1964, and 273 (n=49%) were female. Among the 250 (45.2%) patients screened for CHC, 4 (0.72%) had positive anti-hepatitis C, all of whom were baby boomers. In 2019, 44% (n=183) of patients were screened for CHC; 78.7% (n=144) were screened before colonoscopy referral. In 2020, 48.6% (n=67) of patients were screened for CHC; 100% of cases were screened before colonoscopy referral. Conclusion(s) Birth cohort screening of CHC is underutilized in British Columbia. Dual screening of CHC at the time of referral to CRC screening provides a practical approach to linking patients to healthcare. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below None Disclosure of Interest None Declared

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Min, Byung-Woo, Kyung-Jae Lee, Chul-Hyun Cho, In-Gyu Lee, and Beom-Soo Kim. "High Failure Rates of Locking Compression Plate Osteosynthesis with Transverse Fracture around a Well-Fixed Stem Tip for Periprosthetic Femoral Fracture." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 11 (November 22, 2020): 3758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9113758.

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This study investigated the incidence of failure after locking compression plate (LCP) osteosynthesis around a well-fixed stem of periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFFs). We retrospectively evaluated outcomes of 63 Vancouver type B1 and C PFFs treated with LCP between May 2001 and February 2018. The mean follow-up duration was 47 months. Only patients with fracture fixation with a locking plate without supplemental allograft struts were included. We identified six periprosthetic fractures of proximal Vancouver B1 fractures with spiral pattern (Group A). Vancouver B1 fractures around the stem tip were grouped into seven transverse fracture patterns (Group B) and 38 other fracture patterns such as comminuted, oblique, or spiral (Group C). Vancouver C fractures comprised 12 periprosthetic fractures with spiral, comminuted, or oblique patterns (Group D). Fracture healing without complications was achieved in all six cases in Group A, 4/7 (57%) in Group B, 35/38 (92%) in Group C, and 11/12 (92%) in Group D, respectively. The failure rates of transverse Vancouver type B1 PFFs around the stem tip were significantly different from those of Vancouver type B1/C PFFs with other patterns. For fracture with transverse pattern around the stem tip, additional fixation is necessary because LCP osteosynthesis has high failure rates.

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Fraser, James A., Ryan L. Subaran, Connie B. Nichols, and Joseph Heitman. "Recapitulation of the Sexual Cycle of the Primary Fungal Pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii: Implications for an Outbreak on Vancouver Island, Canada." Eukaryotic Cell 2, no. 5 (October 2003): 1036–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.2.5.1036-1045.2003.

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ABSTRACT Cryptococcus neoformans is a human fungal pathogen that exists as three distinct varieties or sibling species: the predominantly opportunistic pathogens C. neoformans var. neoformans (serotype D) and C. neoformans var. grubii (serotype A) and the primary pathogen C. neoformans var. gattii (serotypes B and C). While serotypes A and D are cosmopolitan, serotypes B and C are typically restricted to tropical regions. However, serotype B isolates of C. neoformans var. gattii have recently caused an outbreak on Vancouver Island in Canada, highlighting the threat of this fungus and its capacity to infect immunocompetent individuals. Here we report a large-scale analysis of the mating abilities of serotype B and C isolates from diverse sources and identify unusual strains that mate robustly and are suitable for further genetic analysis. Unlike most isolates, which are of both the a and α mating types but are predominantly sterile, the majority of the Vancouver outbreak strains are exclusively of the α mating type and the majority are fertile. In an effort to enhance mating of these isolates, we identified and disrupted the CRG1 gene encoding the GTPase-activating protein involved in attenuating pheromone response. crg1 mutations dramatically increased mating efficiency and enabled mating with otherwise sterile isolates. Our studies provide a genetic and molecular foundation for further studies of this primary pathogen and reveal that the Vancouver Island outbreak may be attributable to a recent recombination event.

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Morton, Alexandra. "Killer Whales: The Natural History and Genealogy of Orcinus Orca in British Columbia and Washington. Second Edition.By John K B Ford, Graeme M Ellis, and , Kenneth C Balcomb. Vancouver (Canada): UBC Press; Seattle (Washington): University of Washington Press. $22.50 (paper). 104 p; ill.; no index. ISBN: 0–7748–0800–4 (Canada); 0–295–97958–5 (U.S.). 2000." Quarterly Review of Biology 78, no. 1 (March 2003): 109–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/377881.

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Sattar, Ali, Johan Kärrholm, Michael Möller, and Georgios Chatziagorou. "Fracture pattern and risk factors for reoperation after treatment of 156 periprosthetic fractures around an anatomic cemented hip stem." Acta Orthopaedica 94 (August 16, 2023): 438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/17453674.2023.18263.

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Background and purpose: The Lubinus SP2 stem has been associated with a very low risk of periprosthetic femoral fractures (PPFFs). We aimed, primarily, to study the radiographic morphology of PPFFs close to a Lubinus SP2 stem. Secondarily, we analyzed whether higher reoperation rate was correlated to the revision method chosen or to the characteristics of the fracture and of the bone.Patients and methods: The study included 156 femoral fractures close to a Lubinus cemented stem. These fractures were treated in 40 hospitals in Sweden between 2006 and 2011 and were followed up until 2019. Data from the Swedish Arthroplasty Register was used. Medical records and radiographs were studied. The fractures were classified according to the Vancouver classification. The fracture location and anatomy were delineated. We also measured the remaining attachment index (RAI) and the canal thickness ratio.Results: Vancouver type C (n = 101) and spiral fractures (n = 67, 41 in Vancouver C and 26 in Vancouver B) were the most common fracture types. 4 fractures were avulsion of the greater trochanter. The remaining 51 fractures occurred around the stem (B1: 25, B2: 16, and B3: 10). B fractures were more commonly reoperated on (18 of 51, 35%) than type C fractures (11 of 101, 11%, P = 0.001). In most femurs with type B3 fracture, the fracture line covered an area only around the stem, but in all B1 and in 11 of 16 B2 fractures, it was extended even distal to the stem. ORIF instead of stem revision in B2 fractures, use of short stems or plates, and inadequate reduction of the fractures were risk factors for subsequent reoperations.Conclusion: The higher reoperation rate in type B fractures, compared with fractures distal to the stem, could be caused by their higher degree of complexity and reduced capacity for healing in the region around the stem.

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Darling, James D., Kathleen E. Keogh, and Tammy E. Steeves. "GRAY WHALE (ESCHRICHTIUS ROBUSTUS) HABITAT UTILIZATION AND PREY SPECIES OFF VANCOUVER ISLAND, B. C." Marine Mammal Science 14, no. 4 (October 1998): 692–720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1998.tb00757.x.

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Anderson, Robin. "Making Fun of Sport: James Fitzmaurice, Robert Ripley, and the Art of Sport Cartooning in Vancouver, 1907-1918." Journal of Sport History 37, no. 3 (October 1, 2010): 365–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.37.3.365.

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Abstract This study looks at the emergence of newspaper sport cartooning in the early twentieth century through a comparison of the parochial images of Vancouver British Columbia cartoonist James Fitzmaurice and the syndicated American sports cartoons of Robert Ripley. The study examines the working lives of the best known American sport cartoonists and then focuses on the work of Vancouver Province staff cartoonist James B. Fitzmaurice during the prewar period and how these images grew out of local experience. With the arrival of the syndicated sports cartoons of New York City cartoonist Robert Ripley in 1914, Vancouver readers are given “world of sport” images that differed from the more eclectic visual meanings tied to local experience that characterized Fitzmaurice’s work. This study suggests that the contrast between Fitzmaurice and Ripley marks the difference between two levels of sport culture consumption and that visual culture acted as an important conduit for the growth of shared international sport consciousness.

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Skjenneberg (ed.), Sven. "Laura Christine Cuyler; Temperature regulation and survival in Svalbard reindeer." Rangifer 13, no. 1 (October 1, 1993): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.13.1.1078.

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Laura Christine Cuyler successfully defended her doctoral thesis "Temperature regulation and survival in Svalbard reindeer" at the University of Oslo, Norway, on the 30th of January, 1993. Christine Cuyler was born in Vancouver, B. C, Canada. She attained her B.Sc. degree at the University of Guelph, Ontario and her Cand. scient. degree at the University of Oslo.

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Oliveira, Dayanne de Souza, Déborah Carvalho Nascimento, Diovanna Lima Silva, Flávia Alves Alvarenga, Flávia Martins Lima, Michel Alexandre da Silva, Laís Guimarães Gomes, et al. "Fratura periprotética de quadril - Vancouver tipo A." Brazilian Journal of Health Review 5, no. 5 (September 16, 2022): 19004–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv5n5-113.

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Introdução: As fraturas periprotéticas de quadril são uma complicação grave e com elevado índice de morbimortalidade observadas após abordagens cirúrgicas, como artroplastia de quadril e cirurgias de revisão. Ocorrem mais frequentemente ao redor do componente femoral em relação ao acetabular. Essa complicação está relacionada a fatores que são avaliados por meio do sistema de Vancouver, possibilitando definir a melhor forma de abordagem e cuidados da complicação. Apresentação do caso: Paciente do sexo feminino, 60 anos de idade, admitida no Hospital Universitário Risoleta Tolentino Neves (UFMG), com uma fratura tipo A, que tem localização trocantérica e pode se manifestar no trocanter femoral maior ou menor. Discussão: Com o aumento da longevidade, a idade média da população vem aumentando, e com isso o número de intervenções cirúrgicas também aumentam, principalmente as artroplastias de quadril. O que leva a um maior número de situações que envolvem complicações pós-cirúrgicas. Com mais episódios de fraturas periprotéticas, torna-se importante uma melhor avaliação dos quadros para melhor conduta e elucidação de eventuais complicações. Conclusão: Ao se constatar uma fratura periprotética de quadril, deve-se classificar a mesma seguindo o sistema de Vancouver que é dividido em três tipos A, B e C. Essa classificação vai ditar como será a abordagem mais assertiva para resolução do quadro do paciente

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Brunet-Jailly, Emmanuel. "Metropolitan cooperation, theory and practice: Looking at Vancouver, BC, Canada." Regions and Cohesion 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 78–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2011.010106.

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In North America, why and how municipalities in large metropolitan areas cooperate is a pressing question. Both in Canada and the United States, the literature has been greatly influenced by the public choice views that rational actors have very limited rational or economic incentives to cooperate unless the state steps in to rule cooperation. But beyond the ideological debate, these views are about issues of regional cooperation public choice (polycentrism); (3) metropolitan governance (new regionalism); and (4) rescaling and re-territorialization, which are tightly linked to value systems where: a) metropolitan government centers on monocentric efficiency; b) public choice on polycentric efficiency; c) metropolitan governance on equity and competitiveness; and d) rescaling and re-territorialization centers on global competitiveness. These discussions set the stage for this paper's main argument: in North America, the Greater Vancouver Regional District is an exemplary commitment to metropolitan cooperation.Spanish En Norteamérica esta emergiendo una pregunta urgente: ¿por qué y cómo cooperan los municipios de las grandes áreas metropolitanas? En Canadá y Estados Unidos, la literatura ha sido fuertemente influenciada por la teoría del public choice, según la cuál los actores racionales tienen muy escasos incentivos racionales o económicos para cooperar, a menos que el estado intervenga y ordene la cooperación. Obviamente, más allá del debate ideológico, estas visiones abordan asuntos de cooperación regional desde varias perspectivas normativas: (1) el gobierno metropolitano (antiguo regionalismo); (2) public choice (policentrismo); (3) gobierno metropolitano (nuevo regionalismo); y (4) reorganización escalar y re-territorialización, transformaciones que se conectan estrechamente al sistema de valores donde: a) el gobierno metropolitano se centra en la eficiencia monocéntrica, b) la public choice sobre la eficiencia policéntrica, c) la gobernanza metropolitana en la equidad y la competitividad, y d) la reorganizacion escalar y reterritorialización se enfoca sobre competitividad global. Estas discusiones preparan el escenario para el principal argumento de este artículo: en Norteamérica, el Gran Distrito Regional de Vancouver es probablemente un compromiso ejemplar de cooperación metropolitana.French En Amérique du Nord une question pressante se pose, à savoir pourquoi et comment les municipalités des grandes métropoles coopèrent. Tant au Canada qu'aux États-Unis la li érature a été fortement influencée par la théorie du choix public, selon laquelle les acteurs rationnels ne trouvent que très peu d'incitations rationnelles ou économiques qui les incitent à coopérer, à moins que l'État n'intervienne pour ordonner la coopération. Il est toutefois évident que, derrière le débat idéologique, ces débats abordent les questions de coopération régionale à partir de différentes perspectives normatives, (1) le gouvernement métropolitain (ancien régionalisme), (2) le choix public (polycentrisme), (3) la gouvernance métropolitaine (nouveau régionalisme), et (4) la réorganisation scalaire et la reterritorialisation, des transformations qu'elles relient étroitement à des systèmes de valeurs, où : a) le gouvernement métropolitain se centre sur l'efficacité monocentriste, b) le choix public sur l'efficacité polycentriste, c) la gouvernance métropolitaine sur l'équité et la compétitivité, et d) la réorganisation scalaire et la reterritorialisation se focalisent sur la compétitivité globale. Ces discussions forment la toile de fond du principal sujet de cet article : en Amérique du Nord, le Greater Vancouver Regional District constitue probablement un compromis exemplaire en matière de coopération métropolitaine.

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Tagar, Muhammad Paryal, Mujeeb Rehman Abbasi, Mohammad Rafique Pathan, and Hafeezullah Shaikh. "HEPATITIS B & C;." Professional Medical Journal 24, no. 02 (February 14, 2017): 278–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2017.24.02.508.

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Objectives: To determine the frequency of hepatitis b & c viral infection insurgical patients. Study Design: Descriptive case series. Place and Duration of Study: Thisstudy was conducted at surgical department of multiple hospitals and compares the results,JPMC Karachi, Civil Hospital Naushahro Feroze and Jamshoro, Pakistan from August 2014 toDecember 2015. Methodology: All 2645 patients were admitted for emergency and electivesurgery. All patients taken detail history regarding demographic parameter and risk factorslike previous surgery, blood transfusion, barbar, Road Traffic accident, haemodialysis, Tattoos/body piercing, injecting drug user, family history of hepatitis, previous history of jaundiceand Hospitalization. Hospital laboratory was used for screened HBsAg and Anti HCV usingimmunochromatography (ICT method). Patients excluded who were those did not need thesurgery or known case of HBsAg and Anti HCV. Data collected was entered into and analyzedby using statistical package for the social science – 20. Results: Out of 2645 patients, maleto female ratio were 1.9:1. The mean age was 40.2+6.12years (20 to 60 years). Out of 2645patients, Anti HCV was positive in 288(10.88%) cases followed by HBsAg was in 152(5.74%)cases. While both positive in 36 (1.36%) cases. We observed Previous surgery was main riskfactor in the reactive 156(32.77%) cases followed by Barbar, Blood transfusion were 74(15.54%)and 47(9.87%) respectively. Conclusion: We conclude that preoperatively screening of hepatitisB and C should be performed.

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Dewar, Gary J., and James K. Kelly. "Cryptococcus gattii: An Emerging Cause of Pulmonary Nodules." Canadian Respiratory Journal 15, no. 3 (2008): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/392350.

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BACKGROUND: Since the fall of 1999, a new endemic focus ofCryptococcus gattiiserotype B infection has emerged on Vancouver Island (Victoria, British Columbia), with infections occurring in both animals and humans. In the human cases, symptoms have manifested as pulmonary nodules, meningitis or both. This organism has added a new nonmalignant cause of pulmonary nodules to the literature, resulting in a change in the management of these nodules by health care professionals.METHODS: A search of the number of cases recorded and treated in hospitals of the Vancouver Island Health Authority, along with a review of the literature regarding this emerging organism, was undertaken. The pathology, epidemiology and clinical course of this previously uncommon fungus was determined, and representative cases were chosen for illustration.RESULTS: More than 130 cases were recorded in the six-year period from late 1999 to mid-July 2006. The number of cases increased steadily over this period, but appears to be levelling off. Representative cases with medical imaging, along with photos of the pathology, are included. Recommendations for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up are outlined.CONCLUSIONS: The emergence of cryptococcal lung and central nervous system lesions on Vancouver Island have made it important to include travel to or residence of the island as part of the history in patients with pulmonary nodules. A registry of patients from Vancouver Island has been established, and it may be of value to include nonisland patients who are found to be infected with this organism.

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IQBAL, MUHAMMAD ZAFAR, MUHAMMAD AZEEM, and MUHAMMAD RAZZAQ MALIK. "HEPATITIS 'B' AND 'C'." Professional Medical Journal 18, no. 01 (March 10, 2011): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2011.18.01.1861.

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Background: Hepatitis B and C is a global problem. The prevalence of hepatitis B and C in orthopedic patients is quite high with the common risk factors: previous history of surgery or blood transfusion. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to, "Find out the prevalence of Hepatitis B and C and their risk factors in patients admitted in Orthopedic Unit of Sheikh Zayed Medical College Hospital Rahim Yar Khan.”. Design & Duration: This was a prospective cohort study. The duration was from July 2009 to December 2009. Patients and Methods: This study was conducted in Orthopedic Department of Sheikh Zayed Medical College Hospital Rahim Yar Khan. Patients of either sex and of all ages who were undergoing orthopedic surgery were included in the study. All patients underwent screening for Hepatitis-B and Hepatitis-C and confirmed by Elisa method in positive patients. Data regarding age, sex, HBV, HCV was noted and analyzed by SPSS version 14. Results: Among 745 patients. 581 (77.98%) were male and 164 (22.02%) were female. Hepatitis B and C was present in 165 (22.15) patients. Out of these positive cases 125 (75.76%) were suffering from hepatitis C and 36 (21.81%) were suffering from hepatitis B, and 4 (2.43%) patients were positive for both HBV & HCV. Among the predisposing factors previous history of surgery was positive in 39 patients; history of blood transfusion in 27 patients, dental procedure was in 17 patients’ and 123 patients having injection therapy in the past. Conclusions: All the patients who need surgery should be properly screened for HBV and HCV. It is also necessary that separate operation theaters and instruments should be used for HBV and HCV positive cases.

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Thomas, Carol G., and Graham Shipley. "A History of Samos, 800-188 B. C." American Historical Review 94, no. 4 (October 1989): 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1906627.

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Dandamayev, M. A., and Grant Frame. "Babylonia 689-627 B. C.: A Political History." Journal of the American Oriental Society 114, no. 3 (July 1994): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/605112.

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Imperial, Joanne. "Natural history of chronic hepatitis B and C." Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 14, no. 5s (May 1999): S1—S5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1746.1999.01903.x.

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Alzaid, Asma, Alice Wignall, Sanja Dogramadzi, Hemant Pandit, and Sheng Quan Xie. "Automatic detection and classification of peri-prosthetic femur fracture." International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery 17, no. 4 (February 14, 2022): 649–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11548-021-02552-5.

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Abstract Purpose Object classification and localization is a key task of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) tool. Although there have been numerous generic deep learning (DL) models developed for CAD, there is no work in the literature to evaluate their effectiveness when utilized in diagnosing fractures in proximity of joint implants. In this work, we aim to assess the performance of existing classification systems on binary and multi-class problems (fracture types) using plain radiographs. In addition, we evaluated the performance of object detection systems using the one- and two-stage DL architectures. Methods A data set of 1272 X-ray images of Peri-prosthetic Femur Fracture PFF was collected. The fractures were annotated with bounding boxes and classified according to the Vancouver Classification System (type A, B, C) by two clinical specialists. Four classification models such as Densenet161, Resnet50, Inception, VGG and two object detection models such as Faster RCNN and RetinaNet were evaluated, and their performance compared. Six confusion matrix-based measures were reported to evaluate fracture classification. For localization of the fracture, Average Precision and localization accuracy were reported. Results The Resnet50 showed the best performance with $$95\%$$ 95 % accuracy and $$94\%$$ 94 % F1-score in the binary classification: fracture/normal. In addition, the Resnet50 showed $$90\%$$ 90 % accuracy in multi-classification (normal, Vancouver type A, B and C). Conclusions A large data set of PFF images and the annotations of fracture features by two independent assessments were created to implement a DL-based approach for detecting, classifying and localizing PFFs. It was shown that this approach could be a promising diagnostic tool of fractures in proximity of joint implants.

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DAVIE, GRACE. "World Christianities, c.1815?c.1914 Edited by S. Gilley and B. Stanley." History 92, no. 307 (July 2007): 407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-229x.2007.401_42.x.

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Husa, Petr. "History and presence of hepatitis B and C therapy." Vnitřní lékařství 63, no. 7-8 (July 1, 2017): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36290/vnl.2017.097.

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Iino, Shiro. "Natural History of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections." Oncology 62, Suppl. 1 (2002): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000048271.

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BUCHAN, BRUCE. "SCOTTISH MEDICAL ETHNOGRAPHY: COLONIAL TRAVEL, STADIAL THEORY AND THE NATURAL HISTORY OF RACE, c.1770–1805." Modern Intellectual History 17, no. 4 (April 2, 2019): 919–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244319000076.

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AbstractThis paper will present a comparative analysis of the ethnographic writings of three colonial travellers trained in medicine at the University of Edinburgh: William Anderson (1750–78), Archibald Menzies (1754–1842) and Robert Brown (1773–1858). Each travelled widely beyond Scotland, enabling them to make a series of observations of non-European peoples in a wide variety of colonial contexts. William Anderson, Archibald Menzies and Robert Brown in particular travelled extensively in the Pacific with (respectively) James Cook on his second and third voyages (1771–8), with George Vancouver (1791–5) and with Matthew Flinders (1801–3). Together, their surviving writings from these momentous expeditions illustrate a growing interest in natural-historical explanations for diversity among human populations. Race emerged as a key concept in this quest, but it remained entangled with assumptions about the stadial historical progress or “civilization” of humanity. A comparative examination of their ethnographic writings thus presents a unique opportunity to study the complex interplay between concepts of race, savagery and civilization in the varied colonial contexts of the Scottish Enlightenment.

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Lussier, Patrick, Raymond Corrado, Jay Healey, Stacy Tzoumakis, and Nadine Deslauriers-Varin. "THE CRACOW INSTRUMENT FOR MULTI-PROBLEM VIOLENT YOUTH: EXAMINING THE POSTDICTIVE VALIDITY WITH A SAMPLE OF PRESCHOOLERS." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 2, no. 2.1 (May 12, 2011): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs22.120117709.

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The Cracow is an assessment tool used to identify the risk/need factors in youth at various developmental stages, with the goal of developing individual, familial, and community interventions for violent youth. The Cracow is comprised of three sections measuring the risk/needs of the youth, treatment and intervention options, and externalizing behaviours. The current postdictive validity study of the first section of the Cracow examines the extent to which risk/need factors identify the most physically aggressive preschoolers. The study is based on the first 100 children (boys, n = 58; girls, n = 42) recruited as part of the Vancouver Longitudinal Study on the Psychosocial Development of Children conducted in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. A series of latent class analyses (LCA) suggests the presence of three groups of physically aggressive children: a low-, medium-, and high-level group. Subsequent analyses suggest that children in the highly physically aggressive profile were more likely to have risk/need factors in the following five domains: (a) pre/perinatal, (b) socio-economic, (c) family environment, (d) child psychological functioning, and (e) parenting. Findings are discussed in light of the scientific literature on the early prevention of antisocial and aggressive behaviour.

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Bourbonniere, Melissa C., Laura M. Fawcett, William C. Miller, Jennifer Garden, and William B. Mortenson. "Prevalence and Predictors of Need for Seating Intervention and Mobility for Persons in Long-Term Care." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 26, no. 3 (2007): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cja.26.3.195.

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ABSTRACTA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to (a) determine the prevalence of need for wheel-chair seating intervention in two long-term care facilities in Vancouver, BC, (b) determine the extent of the residents' independent mobility within these facilities, and (c) explore the relationship between proper wheel-chair seating and positioning and independent mobility. The study population comprised 99 wheel-chair-using older adults. Four trained raters assessed need for seating intervention, using the Seating Identification Tool, and quantified extent and frequency of wheel-chair mobility, using the Nursing Home Life-Space Diameter. Results indicated that (a) there was a low need (overall 22%) for wheel-chair seating intervention in the two facilities, (b) half of the residents were independently mobile in their own rooms and on their units, but independent mobility decreased when greater distances needed to be travelled, and (c) the need for wheel-chair seating intervention was the only significant predictor of extent of independent mobility. These findings suggest that, where there are dedicated staff and equipment resources, the need for wheel-chair seating intervention can be minimized and independent mobility for long-term care residents maximized.

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MINAMINO, NAOTO, KENJI KANGAWA, and HISAYUKI MATSUO. "Neuromedin B and Neuromedin C." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 547, no. 1 Bombesin-Like (December 1988): 373–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb23904.x.

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Hacker, Barton C., and Martin van Creveld. "Technology and War: From 2000 B. C. to the Present." Journal of Military History 54, no. 1 (January 1990): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1985843.

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Walker, Annalise K. "Canadian Architectural Archives at the University of Calgary Libraries." Research Notes 12, no. 3 (October 21, 2013): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1018943ar.

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The Canadian Architectural Archives at the University of Calgary Libraries were established in 1974; first major collections were donated in 1975 and, by 1983, the Archives has grown significantly. Collections consist mostly of drawings, file material and photographs, with some models. The purpose of the Archives is support of study and research and preservation of documents. Major collections include those of John B. Parkin Associates, Arthur Erickson, and Ron Thorn, as well as other large collections from the Toronto, Calgary and Vancouver area. Organization of collections is based on archival principles of original order and provenance, and access to individual building projects is facilitated through various indices and inventories. An Oral History programme provides some additional biographical background. With a few exceptions, all materials are accessible for research in the Archives reader area; limited research assistance can be given to persons from out of town or out of province. Copies of individual items can be provided for research, exhibition or publication under strict copyright regulations.

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Tan, James. "Booty and the Roman Assembly in 264 B. C." Historia 62, no. 4 (2013): 417–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/historia-2013-0019.

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FAYYAZ, MOHAMMAD, Muhammad Ayub Khan, MASROOR ALI QAZI, Ghulam Mohyud Din `Chaudhary, and GULZAR AHMED. "HEPATITIS B, C & HIV." Professional Medical Journal 13, no. 04 (December 16, 2006): 632–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2006.13.04.4941.

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Objective: To determine the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV in healthyblood donors in Blood Transfusion Services, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur. Design: Prospective observationalstudy. Setting: Blood Transfusion Services, Bahawal Victoria Hospital (BVH), affiliated with Quaid-e-Azam medicalCollege Bahawalpur. Period: From 1 January t st o 31st December 2005. Methods and Materials: All the personscoming for blood donations , at the BVH facility, were included. Clinically anaemic, ill, past history of jaundice and ageof less than 18 or more than 50 years were excluded. All the donors (27938) from various areas of Bahawalpur,Bahawalnagar, Lodhran, Vehari and Rahim Yar Khan districts, were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs)Antigen, hepatitis C antibody (Anti HCV) & Human Immuno-deficiency Virus Antibody (Anti-HIV)on sera by one StepTest Device. All the positives cases were confirmed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay. Results: Out of total27938, 25420(91%) were male. Mean age was 28 years with age range 18-50. No HIV positive case was detected.HBV was 2.69%, slightly more than HCV, 2.52%. Males were significantly (p<0.02) more infected than females.Conclusion: Risk of transmission of viral hepatitis is a major problem of blood transfusion. Frequency of viral hepatitisin blood donors is higher in our area as compared to rest of the world. HIV infection is very low. Preventive strategiesinclude good blood transfusion services along with safe sex and other measures.

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Faramaz, Virginie. "A Possible Dynamical History for the Fomalhaut System." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, S314 (November 2015): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921315006390.

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AbstractFomalhaut b was long thought to shape the eccentric debris belt in the Fomalhaut system, but its orbit was found to be too eccentric for it to be the dominant belt-shaping perturber. This indicates that Fomalhaut b is Earth-sized at most and that the belt-shaping perturber, hereafter named Fomalhaut c, remains to be discovered. In addition, since its orbit more or less crosses that of Fomalhaut b, it also indicates that the current configuration of the system is transient and was reached recently. In this talk, we show that this current configuration can be explained if Fomalhaut c is Saturn- to Neptune-sized, and Fomalhaut b originates from a mean-motion resonance with Fomalhaut c.

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Tobler, Leslie H., and Michael P. Busch. "History of posttransfusion hepatitis." Clinical Chemistry 43, no. 8 (August 1, 1997): 1487–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/43.8.1487.

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Abstract The risk of hepatitis virus transmission from transfusions has declined dramatically from that of the 1940s when posttransfusion hepatitis (PTH) was first appreciated. Introduction of hepatitis B surface antigen screening and conversion to volunteer donors for whole-blood donations in the late 1960s and early 1970s led to substantial reduction in PTH cases. However, up to 10% of the recipients continued to develop PTH, most cases of which were attributed to an unknown non-A, non-B viral agent. Implementation of surrogate marker testing (i.e., alanine aminotransferase and anti-hepatitis B virus core antigen) for residual non-A, non-B hepatitis in the late 1980s reduced the per unit risk of PTH from 1 in 200 to about 1 in 400. Hepatitis C virus was discovered in 1989 and quickly was established as the causative agent of >90% of non-A, non-B PTH. Introduction of progressively improved antibody assays in the early 1990s reduced the risk of PTH due to hepatitis C virus to about 1 in 100 000. Although additional hepatitis viruses exist (e.g., hepatitis G virus), these appear to be minor contributors to clinical PTH, which has been virtually eradicated.

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White, Jennifer, Nada Hamad, Swe Mar Linn, Igor Nicolas Novitzky-Basso, Omar Abduljalil, Arjun Law, and Dennis Dong Hwan Kim. "Multicenter, Retrospective Evaluation of Therapeutic Efficacy of Ruxolitinib for Chronic Gvhd Treatment." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-136164.

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Background Several agents have been investigated for beyond second-line treatment of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Ruxolitinib has been recently approved for steroid-refractory acute GVHD, while a prospective randomized study is ongoing to examine its efficacy in steroid-resistant chronic GVHD (cGVHD). The present study evaluated the efficacy of Ruxolitinib in terms of 1) overall response rate (ORR), 2) clinical benefit (CB), 3) dose reduction of corticosteroid exposure, 4) failure-free survival (FFS) and 5) overall survival (OS), in patients heavily pretreated for steroid-resistant cGVHD. Patients and methods A total of 47 patients who developed cGVHD after HCT and treated with Ruxolitinib for cGVHD from March 2016 to April 2020, at three different sites (Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Canada; Vancouver General Hospital, Canada and Saint Vincent Hospital, Australia), were evaluated in the retrospective study. Patients and disease characteristics are as follows: median age 52 years; classical 35 (71%), overlap syndrome 14 (29%). Of note, 27 patients (57.4%) had a previous history of acute GVHD. The ORR and CB were assessed at months 3, 6 and 12, retrospectively. Responses were evaluated according to NIH scoring/staging/response assessment as part of standard clinical practice. CB was assessed considering clinical response as well as steroid dose reduction. For systemic steroid dose reduction, prednisone dose per kg per day was captured prior to Ruxolitinib start, at months 3, 6 and 12. Treatment failure was defined as 1) resistance requiring treatment switch, 2) non-relapse mortality (NRM), 3) relapse, 4) intolerance to treatment. FFS and OS were calculated from the day of starting Ruxolitinib therapy for cGVHD treatment. Results A total of 47 patients had moderate (11/47, 24.4%) to severe (33/47, 73.3%) cGVHD except one who had mild grade cGVHD with a high-risk feature (thrombocytopenia at the time of Ruxolitinib start). The median number of organ involvement was 3 (range 1-7). Over half of patients (63.8%) received Ruxolitinib as 4th line or beyond for cGVHD treatment, while median number of previous lines of therapy was 3 (range 1-9). All 47 patients (100%) had been previously treated with systemic steroids; other previous treatments included ECP therapy (53.2%), Imatinib (29.8%), Ibrutinib (23.4%), Rituximab (21.3%). Ruxolitinib was started at 10-15 mg daily as initial dose, then maintained at 20mg daily in two divided doses on months 3, 6 and 12.With a median follow-up duration of 12 months, ORR was attained in 35.7%, 36.0% and 35.0% at 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively (Figure A). Of note, ORR in patients with sclerotic changes was 56%, and 61.5% in those with lung involvement. Patients resistant to TKI (i.e. Imatinib or Ibrutinib) for cGVHD treatment showed similar ORR compared to those naïve to TKI therapy.The CB was observed in 53.5%, 66.7% and 72.2% at months 3, 6 and 12, respectively (Figure B). Patients resistant to TKI for cGVHD treatment did not show any difference in CB compared to those naïve to TKI therapy.In terms of prednisone dose reduction, by 12 months , half of patients (50.0%) could taper prednisone doses below 0.1mg/kg/day, while the proportion of patients on prednisone dose below 0.1mg/kg/day was 9.3%, 20.0%, 17.4%, and 50.0% at month 0, 3, 6 and 12, respectively (Figure C). The group who achieved CB at 3 months showed a significantly lower dose of prednisone at 12 months (0.078mg/kg/day) compared to those without clinical benefit at 3 months (0.197mg/kg/day; p=0.033; Figure D).Out of 37 patients evaluated, 11 failures (29.7%) were noted, including resistance requiring a switch to other therapy (n=7), NRM (n=2) and intolerance (n=2). The FFS rate at 1 year in the overall population was 68.5% (Figure E). The FFS at 1 year in those having CB at 3 months vs not was 86.5% vs 51.4% (p=0.025).The OS at 1 year was 90.9% (Figure F). The OS at 1 year in those having a CB at 3 months vs not was 100% vs 78.8% (p=0.053). Conclusion: This multicenter retrospective study revealed that Ruxolitinib is an effective treatment option for patients with cGVHD, with good ORR and CB. The achievement of CB in the first 3 months correlated well with steroid dose reduction. It suggests that Ruxolitinib is a feasible GVHD treatment option, even for patients who were heavily pretreated for cGVHD or failed previous TKI drug. Figure 1 Disclosures Hamad: Abbvie: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria. OffLabel Disclosure: Ruxolitinib treatment for steroid resistant chronic GVHD

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Tibbo, Meagan E., Afton K. Limberg, Elizabeth B. Gausden, Phil Huang, Kevin I. Perry, Brandon J. Yuan, Daniel J. Berry, and Matthew P. Abdel. "Outcomes of operatively treated interprosthetic femoral fractures." Bone & Joint Journal 103-B, no. 7 Supple B (July 1, 2021): 122–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.103b7.bjj-2020-2275.r1.

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Aims The prevalence of ipsilateral total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is rising in concert with life expectancy, putting more patients at risk for interprosthetic femur fractures (IPFFs). Our study aimed to assess treatment methodologies, implant survivorship, and IPFF clinical outcomes. Methods A total of 76 patients treated for an IPFF from February 1985 to April 2018 were reviewed. Prior to fracture, at the hip/knee sites respectively, 46 femora had primary/primary, 21 had revision/primary, three had primary/revision, and six had revision/revision components. Mean age and BMI were 74 years (33 to 99) and 30 kg/m2 (21 to 46), respectively. Mean follow-up after fracture treatment was seven years (2 to 24). Results Overall, 59 fractures were classified as Vancouver C (Unified Classification System (UCS) D), 17 were Vancouver B (UCS B). In total, 57 patients (75%) were treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF); three developed nonunion, three developed periprosthetic joint infection, and two developed aseptic loosening. In all, 18 patients (24%) underwent revision arthroplasty including 13 revision THAs, four distal femoral arthroplasties (DFAs), and one revision TKA: of these, one patient developed aseptic loosening and two developed nonunion. Survivorship free from any reoperation was 82% (95% confidence interval (CI) 66.9% to 90.6%) and 77% (95% CI 49.4% to 90.7%) in the ORIF and revision groups at two years, respectively. ORIF patients who went on to union tended to have stemmed knee components and greater mean interprosthetic distance (IPD = 189 mm (SD 73.6) vs 163 mm (SD 36.7); p = 0.546) than nonunited fractures. Patients who went on to nonunion in the revision arthroplasty group had higher medullary diameter: cortical width ratio (2.5 (SD 1.7) vs 1.3 (SD 0.3); p = 0.008) and lower IPD (36 mm (SD 30.6) vs 214 mm (SD 32.1); p < 0.001). At latest follow-up, 95% of patients (n = 72) were ambulatory. Conclusion Interprosthetic femur fractures are technically and biologically challenging cases. Individualized approaches to internal fixation versus revision arthroplasty led to an 81% (95% CI 68.3% to 88.6%) survivorship free from reoperation at two years with 95% of patients ambulatory. Continued improvements in management are warranted. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(7 Supple B):122–128.

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Stroud, Ronald S., and J. B. Salmon. "Wealthy Corinth: A History of the City to 338 B. C." American Journal of Archaeology 89, no. 4 (October 1985): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/504216.

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Aroldi, Adriana, Pietro Lampertico, Giuseppe Montagnino, Patrizia Passerini, Margherita Villa, Maria R. Campise, Giovanna Lunghi, et al. "Natural History of Hepatitis B and C in Renal Allograft Recipients." Transplantation 79, no. 9 (May 2005): 1132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.tp.0000161250.83392.73.

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Pruett, T. L. "Natural History of Hepatitis B and C in Renal Allograft Recipients." Yearbook of Surgery 2006 (January 2006): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0090-3671(08)70379-3.

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Schulte, Michael. "Nochmals zum Runenwort urnordisch rūnō-." Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur 146, no. 2 (June 5, 2024): 237–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bgsl-2024-2001.

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Abstract The discovery of a stone fragment from Svingerud/Hole in Norway, whose inscription is dated between 1/25 and 250 CE, attests to the early use of rūnō (cf. Zilmer/Vasshus 2023) as opposed to rūnōʀ. The plural rūnōʀ (ON rúnar) is attested on runestones of the Classical and Post-classical runic periods including C-bracteates. The paper aims to clarify whether rūnō is to be understood soberly with Morris (1985) and Antonsen (1980) as a term of everyday language ›message, inscription‹ to be distinguished from Goth. rūna ›mystery, secret, counsel‹, or rather as a term for ›secret, orally presented knowledge‹, before being linked up to the fuþark and writing in runes in the due course of its history.

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Tee, Jin W., Carly S. Rivers, Nader Fallah, Vanessa K. Noonan, Brian K. Kwon, Charles G. Fisher, John T. Street, et al. "Decision tree analysis to better control treatment effects in spinal cord injury clinical research." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 31, no. 4 (October 2019): 464–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2019.3.spine18993.

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OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to use decision tree modeling to identify optimal stratification groups considering both the neurological impairment and spinal column injury and to investigate the change in motor score as an example of a practical application. Inherent heterogeneity in spinal cord injury (SCI) introduces variation in natural recovery, compromising the ability to identify true treatment effects in clinical research. Optimized stratification factors to create homogeneous groups of participants would improve accurate identification of true treatment effects.METHODSThe analysis cohort consisted of patients with acute traumatic SCI registered in the Vancouver Rick Hansen Spinal Cord Injury Registry (RHSCIR) between 2004 and 2014. Severity of neurological injury (American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale [AIS grades A–D]), level of injury (cervical, thoracic), and total motor score (TMS) were assessed using the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury examination; morphological injury to the spinal column assessed using the AOSpine classification (AOSC types A–C, C most severe) and age were also included. Decision trees were used to determine the most homogeneous groupings of participants based on TMS at admission and discharge from in-hospital care.RESULTSThe analysis cohort included 806 participants; 79.3% were male, and the mean age was 46.7 ± 19.9 years. Distribution of severity of neurological injury at admission was AIS grade A in 40.0% of patients, grade B in 11.3%, grade C in 18.9%, and grade D in 29.9%. The level of injury was cervical in 68.7% of patients and thoracolumbar in 31.3%. An AOSC type A injury was found in 33.1% of patients, type B in 25.6%, and type C in 37.8%. Decision tree analysis identified 6 optimal stratification groups for assessing TMS: 1) AOSC type A or B, cervical injury, and age ≤ 32 years; 2) AOSC type A or B, cervical injury, and age > 32–53 years; 3) AOSC type A or B, cervical injury, and age > 53 years; 4) AOSC type A or B and thoracic injury; 5) AOSC type C and cervical injury; and 6) AOSC type C and thoracic injury.CONCLUSIONSAppropriate stratification factors are fundamental to accurately identify treatment effects. Inclusion of AOSC type improves stratification, and use of the 6 stratification groups could minimize confounding effects of variable neurological recovery so that effective treatments can be identified.

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Poureslami, Iraj, Jacek Kopec, Noah Tregobov, Jessica Shum, Rick Sawatzky, Richard Hohn, and J. Mark FitzGerald. "An Integrated Framework to Conceptualize and Develop the Vancouver Airways Health Literacy Tool (VAHLT)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 16, 2021): 8646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168646.

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There is currently no comprehensive tool to assess the functional health literacy (HL) skills of chronic airway disease (CAD) patients. The purpose of this article is to describe the development of a new HL measure, the Vancouver Airways Health Literacy Tool (VAHLT). The tool was developed through the following phases: (1) Tool conceptualization, consisting of: (A) a systematic review (SR), (B) focus group sessions with CAD patients to understand barriers and facilitators to CAD management, (C) a survey with key-informants to obtain strategies to mitigate self-management barriers and validate patient-derived topics, and (D) respiratory physicians’ review of the topics; (2) Scenario and item development; and (3) Tool testing and content validation. The SR identified the lack of a valid HL measurement tool for CAD patients. Patients provided an initial shortlist of disease-related self-care topics. Key-informants helped to finalize topics for inclusion. Respiratory physicians and patients contributed to the development of a scenario-based questionnaire, which was refined during three rounds of testing to develop a 44-item instrument comprising nine self-management passages. We highlight the holistic process of integrating information from the literature with knowledge gained from key stakeholders into our tool framework. Our approach to stakeholder engagement may be of interest to researchers developing similar tools, and could facilitate the development and testing of HL-based interventions to ultimately improve patient outcomes and reduce the burden on the healthcare system.

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Lyons, Tara, Andrea Krüsi, Leslie Pierre, Thomas Kerr, Will Small, and Kate Shannon. "Negotiating Violence in the Context of Transphobia and Criminalization." Qualitative Health Research 27, no. 2 (July 10, 2016): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732315613311.

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A growing body of international evidence suggests that sex workers face a disproportionate burden of violence, with significant variations across social, cultural, and economic contexts. Research on trans sex workers has documented high incidents of violence; however, investigations into the relationships between violence and social-structural contexts are limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to qualitatively examine how social-structural contexts shape trans sex workers’ experiences of violence. In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with 33 trans sex workers in Vancouver, Canada, between June 2012 and May 2013. Three themes emerged that illustrated how social-structural contexts of transphobia and criminalization shaped violent experiences: (a) transphobic violence, (b) clients’ discovery of participants’ gender identity, and (c) negative police responses to experiences of violence. The findings demonstrate the need for shifts in sex work laws and culturally relevant antistigma programs and policies to address transphobia.

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Timpa, Sean, Kathryn M. Gillis, and Dante Canil. "Accretion-related metamorphism of the Metchosin Igneous Complex, southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 42, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 1467–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e05-043.

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The metamorphic history of the volcanic sequence of the Metchosin Igneous Complex (MIC), an Eocene ophiolite exposed on southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, was studied to examine the roles of seafloor and accretion-related processes. Metamorphic facies in the volcanics vary from prehniteactinolite assemblages in the east to greenschist and amphibolite assemblages in the west. In the east, metamorphism is typified by chlorite ± prehnite ± epidote ± actinolite assemblages that fill vesicles and replace interstitial material; plagioclase is variably albitized, and clinopyroxene is relatively fresh. In the west, the common groundmass assemblage is amphibole + epidote ± chlorite. These assemblages and chlorite geothermometry show a regional eastwest gradient of ∼510 °C/km that is oblique to the volcanic stratigraphy. The regional metamorphic facies distribution for the MIC volcanics is not consistent with seafloor hydrothermal metamorphism documented for ocean crust from mid-ocean ridges, ocean islands, or island arcs. We speculate that underthrusting of the MIC beneath the Pacific Rim Terrane led to the regional metamorphism of the MIC, and that the change in metamorphic grade from east to west results from regional tilting of the complex, perhaps by orographic effects, during or after accretion.

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El-Khatib, Abdallah. "Editing MSS Leiden Or. 14.545 b–c." Journal of Islamic Manuscripts 14, no. 2-4 (August 3, 2023): 235–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1878464x-01401004.

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Abstract This article provides a description and edition of MSS Leiden Or. 14.545 b–c. Radiocarbon dating (14C dating) pinpoints the manuscript to an early period in Islamic history, and this is affirmed by its palaeographical and codicological features. As a result of its dating, it has received considerable attention from scholars and the media. This study confirms the manuscript’s direct relationship with MSS Paris, BnF Arabe 331 and St. Petersburg, National Library, Marcel 3. A verse count analysis was carried out in order to establish its origin. There is evidence that the manuscript journeyed from al-Fusṭāṭ in Old-Cairo to Beirut in Lebanon before finally settling in Leiden in the Netherlands. For several reasons, it was difficult to determine the exact origin of the manuscript.

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Fyfe, Christopher. "A. B. C. Sibthorpe: A Tribute." History in Africa 19 (1992): 327–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172004.

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Aaron Belisarius Cosimo Sibthorpe, a village school teacher who wrote the first history of Sierra Leone, was a man of mystery, a magus. So he seems to have seen himself. The dead, he wrote, have vanished into oblivion,Except the historian, that monarch of the past, using his noblest privileges, when he takes a survey of his dominions, has only to touch the ruins and dead bodies with his pen, in order to rebuild the palaces, and resuscitate the men. At his voice, like that of the Deity, the dry bones re-unite, the living flesh again covers them, brilliant dresses again clothe them; and in that immense Jehoshaphat (Joel iii, 2, 12), where the children of three thousand years are collected, his own caprice alone regulates his choice, and he has only to announce the names of those Maroons, or those Settlers he requires, to behold them start forth from their tombs, remove the folds of their grave-clothes with their own hands, and answer like Lazarus to our blessed Saviour, ‘Here am I, Lord! what dost thou want with me?’Here is a powerful, original image. The historian peremptorily calls up the dead from the “immense Jehoshaphat”—the valley where they all lie gathered together to await the judgment of God—choosing anyone he wants, and at his call they are obliged to rise and answer him obediently, as Lazarus answered Jesus. If only for this image Sibthorpe deserves our wonder and gratitude.

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Hummer, Kim E. "Horticultural Perspective: History of White Pine Blister Rust." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 468d—468. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.468d.

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White pine blister rust, Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fischer, requires a pine (Pinus L.) and a Ribes L. as obligate alternate hosts. The center of diversity for this rust is east of the Ural Mountains, where the organism evolved with P. cembra L and R. nigrum var. sibericum L over several million years. Susceptible Pinus strobus L from North America was imported into England in 1710 and was transplanted throughout eastern Europe. In 1865, rust was first reported on these introduced pines in Eastonia. In the late 1800s, the white pine nursery industry continued to develop in Europe, but was declining in the United States. American foresters began importing white pines from Europe. Rust was found on cultivated currants in New York in 1906 and U.S. inspectors began examining for the disease. In 1910, infected white pines were imported from France into Vancouver, British Columbia; in 1911, infected pines were found in New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Indiana, Ohio, Ontario, and Quebec. Additional rust-infected imported pines were found in nurseries in Wisconsin in 1913, and Minnesota in 1914. Rust spread to native pines in New York by 1915 and to Idaho by 1927. A summary of the blister rust control program, the recent spread of the disease, and the present state regulations will be presented.

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Thein, Alexander. "Booty in the Sullan Civil War of 83–82 B. C." Historia 65, no. 4 (2016): 450–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.25162/historia-2016-0023.

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Kapeluto, Jordanna E., Matthew Kadatz, Andrew Wormsbecker, Kiran Sidhu, and Eric M. Yoshida. "Screening, Detecting and Enhancing the Yield of Previously Undiagnosed Hepatitis B and C In Patients with Acute Medical Admissions to Hospital: A Pilot Project Undertaken at the Vancouver General Hospital." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 28, no. 6 (2014): 315–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/190210.

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BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) represent an increasing health burden and morbidity in Canada. Viral hepatitis, specifically HCV, has high prevalence among persons born between 1945 and 1965, with 45% to 85% of infected adults asymptomatic and unaware of their infection. Screening has been shown to be cost effective in the detection and treatment of viral hepatitis.OBJECTIVE: To quantify incidence and identify undocumented HBV and HCV infection in hospitalized patients at a single centre with secondary analysis of risk factors as part of a quality improvement initiative.METHODS: A one-time antibody test was conducted in patients admitted to the acute medicine and gastroenterology services.RESULTS: Over a 12-week period, hospital screening for HBV and HCV was performed in 37.3% of 995 admitted patients. There was identification of 15 previously undiagnosed cases of HCV (4%) and 36 undocumented cases of occult (ie, antihepatitis B core antigen seropositive) or active (ie, hepatitis B surface antigen seropositive) HBV (9.7%). Among patients with positive screens, 60% of seropositive HCV patients had no identifiable risk factors.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HBV and HCV infection among hospitalized patients in Vancouver was higher than that of the general population. Risk factors for contraction are often not identified. These results can be used as part of an ongoing discussion regarding a ‘seek and treat’ approach to the detection and treatment of chronic blood-borne viral illnesses.

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Zhang, Jingyu, Heinz Mandl, and Erping Wang. "Personality, Acculturation, and Psychosocial Adjustment of Chinese International Students in Germany." Psychological Reports 107, no. 2 (October 2010): 511–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/07.09.11.17.pr0.107.5.511-525.

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The effect of personality traits and acculturation variables on cross-cultural adjustment were investigated in 139 Chinese students in Germany (52% girls; M age = 25.3 yr., SD = 2.9). Participants were surveyed by house visits to their dormitories. Several scales were administered: (a) Big Five Inventory; (b) Vancouver Index of Acculturation; (c) sociocultural adjustment, general and academic; and (d) psychological adjustment, i.e., depression, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. Results showed that Neuroticism and Openness were two shared predictors of sociocultural adjustment. Agreeableness and mainstream acculturation were only related to general adjustment, while Conscientiousness was only related to academic adjustment. All facets of psychological adjustment were related to Neuroticism and Consciousness, while positive components (self-esteem and life satisfaction) were also related to Extraversion and Openness. No influence of heritage acculturation was found. The findings are discussed in light of measurement issues and the shared and unique individual predictors of the different facets of adjustment.

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Rawcliffe, C. "Shorter notice. Excavations at the Priory and Hospital of St Mary Spital, London. C Thomas, B Sloane, C Phillpotts." English Historical Review 114, no. 456 (April 1999): 418–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/enghis/114.456.418-a.

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Rawcliffe, C. "Shorter notice. Excavations at the Priory and Hospital of St Mary Spital, London. C Thomas, B Sloane, C Phillpotts." English Historical Review 114, no. 456 (April 1, 1999): 418–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/114.456.418-a.

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Ross, Jennifer C. "Life in the Ancient Near East, 3100-332 B. C. E.. Daniel C. Snell." Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 311 (August 1998): 89–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1357426.

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TROTTER, C. L., N. J. GAY, and W. J. EDMUNDS. "The natural history of meningococcal carriage and disease." Epidemiology and Infection 134, no. 3 (October 20, 2005): 556–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268805005339.

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Abstract:

The prevalence of Neisseria meningitidis carriage is highest in teenagers and lowest in young children. In contrast, invasive meningococcal disease is most common in young children with a smaller secondary peak in teenagers. Data on carriage and disease were analysed to quantify the risks of infection and disease by age and serogroup. The forces of infection for serogroups B, C, other meningococci and Neisseria lactamica were modelled together with the risk of disease given infection for serogroups B and C, using maximum likelihood to fit the models to the available data. The risk of meningococcal disease given infection declines steeply through childhood and is higher for serogroup C than for serogroup B. The secondary peak in disease in teenagers appears to be explained mostly by increased transmission although there is a suggestion that other factors may also contribute. These analyses provide important insights and may be used to guide further data collection and modelling studies.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Vancouver (B.C.) – History'

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