Journal articles: 'Vancouver (British Columbia, 1981)'

1

Campbell, R. Wayne, David A. Manuwal, and Alton S. Harestad. "Food habits of the Common Barn-Owl in British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 3 (March 1, 1987): 578–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-090.

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The diet of the Common Barn-Owl, Tyto alba, in British Columbia was determined from analysis of 30 218 prey remains recovered from 11 787 pellets between 1941 and 1981. Small mammals were the main prey accounting for 98.0% of all remains, with rodents (80.1%) and insectivores (17.8%) the primary prey groups. Microtus townsendii accounted for nearly three-quarters of all prey and 84.3% of mammalian-prey biomass. Food habits varied among five geographical areas. Voles (Microtus spp.) and shrews (Sorex spp.) were primary and secondary prey, respectively, in all areas but Vancouver City, where Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus), house mice (Mus musculus), and birds (Columba livia, Sturnus vulgaris, and Passer domesticus) predominated. Microtus townsendii was the primary prey in all seasons (1973 and 1978), with autumn the season of highest numbers of voles. Other prey were inversely proportional to the incidence of microtines in the diet. Over 13 years, from 1967 to 1981, microtines accounted for between 65.3 and 84.5% of all prey items and their occurrence in the diet generally followed population trends of grassland mammals. A positive correlation between percent occurrence in the diet and population density was noted for the principal food, M. townsendii.

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Forbes, J. R., and K. L. Denman. "Distribution of Nitzschia pungens in Coastal Waters of British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, no. 6 (June 1, 1991): 960–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-112.

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Concern about the potential for contamination of Pacific coast molluscan shellfish by domoic acid prompted us to review the distribution of Nitzschia pungens in coastal waters of British Columbia. From 1980 to 1988, N. pungens occurred throughout waters of the continental shelf, most frequently as a minor component of the large diatom aggregations observed off southwest Vancouver Island during July and August. The species was less common in the Strait of Georgia and north of Vancouver Island, but interannual variability in distribution and abundance was considerable. Maximum concentrations recorded were 106 cells∙L−1 in Hecate Strait in July 1983 and 5 × 105 cells∙L−1 off southwest Vancouver Island in August 1986. Discrimination of presence or absence on the basis of existing environmental variables produced mixed results, but has potential. Scanning electron microscopy showed that both N. pungens f. pungens and N. pungens f. multiseries (the latter being implicated in the contamination of shellfish in Atlantic Canada) occur in British Columbia. It remains to be shown whether N. pungens produces domoic acid in Pacific coast waters and whether the high abundances observed over the continental shelf also occur near shore.

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Sardiwalla, Yaeesh, and Steven F. Morris. "Shaping Plastic Surgery in British Columbia—The Courtemanche Legacy." Plastic Surgery 27, no. 2 (March 21, 2019): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2292550319826091.

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Dr Albert Douglas Courtemanche was born in Gravenhurst, Ontario on November 16, 1929. In 1949, he was accepted to the University of Toronto Medical School, graduating in 1955. After completing his internship at the Toronto General Hospital and at the Hospital for Sick Children, he completed his surgical training in Vancouver and in the United Kingdom. When Dr Courtemanche returned from his training in 1962, he joined Dr Cowan on the surgical staff at the Vancouver General Hospital. He was responsible for establishing a new plastic surgery ward, a dedicated operating room (OR), an integrated burn unit and also starting the UBC plastic surgery training program. Dr Courtemanche became involved in working with the Royal College, first as an examiner and then as the Chairman of the Plastic Surgery Exam Board in 1981. He eventually became the first and only plastic surgeon to ever hold the position as President of the Royal College. Dr Courtemanche emphasized throughout his career the importance of teaching and role modeling. A very proud moment in Dr Courtemanche’s career was when his son Douglas became a pediatric plastic surgeon. After retiring Dr Courtemanche became a volunteer at the VanDusen Botanical Garden and completed their Master Gardeners Program.

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Kathman, R. Deedee. "Eutardigrada from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, including a description of Platicrista cheleusis n.sp." Canadian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 9 (September 1, 1990): 1880–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z90-268.

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Thirty-one species of eutardigrades were collected on five mountains on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, during July 1986 and July 1987. Three of the species found were new to science, including 1 species, Platicrista cheleusis n.sp., described herein and 2 species described elsewhere, and 21 others are new to British Columbia; 13 of these are also new to Canada.

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5

Magor, Brad G. "First report of Loma sp. (Microsporida) in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) from Vancouver Island, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 3 (March 1, 1987): 751–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-114.

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A species of Loma Morrison and Sprague, 1981 (Microsporida) was found in gills of smolt of Oncorhynchus kisutch from a hatchery on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Prevalence of cysts was 28%. Maximum intensity was 84 cysts per fish. Histopathologic response of gills to cysts was minimal and localized where observed. This is the first report of a species of Loma in wild or captive fishes in western Canadian waters. The significance of its presence here is considered in light of a recent Loma epizootic in Alaska.

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Holmes, Richard A., and Abul F. M. Shamsuddin. "Short- and Long-Term Effects of World Exposition 1986 on US Demand for British Columbia Tourism." Tourism Economics 3, no. 2 (June 1997): 137–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135481669700300203.

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This study is an attempt to evaluate the short- and long-term economic effects of World Exposition 1986 on US demand for British Columbia tourism by integrating Box-Jenkins time series analysis with the theory of consumer demand. The number of more-than-one-day US visitors to British Columbia is used as the measure of demand. Intervention and transfer function models are employed for the estimates which are made separately for US visitors arriving by car, automobile and by plane. The conclusions drawn are that during the six months of Expo 86, an additional 1.58 million more-than-one-day US visitors were attracted to British Columbia (1.41 million by automobile and 0.17 million by aeroplane). The long-term or post-Expo effects of Expo 86 are found to be very large (probably larger in total than the short-term economic benefits). These long-term economic benefits result from the post-Expo visitors who have returned to British Columbia as a result of the world-wide exposure of the Vancouver area by the fair. We have considered only more-than-one-day US visitors to Expo 86 (only part of all visitors to the fair) and only the 1987–93 post-Expo time period, and with that limited visitor group, and that limited time period, we still find long-term economic benefits of $428.9 million (about half the estimated total short-term economic benefits). These estimates take account of the effects of changes in the US–Canada foreign exchange rate, the US travel price index, the BC travel price index and US personal disposable income over the 1981–93 period.

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7

Wahlström, Rutger, and Garry C. Rogers. "Relocation of earthquakes west of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, 1965–1983." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 953–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-079.

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In the tectonically complex region of young plate interaction west of Vancouver Island, 360 earthquakes have been relocated. The earthquakes occurred in the years 1965 – 1983, when the Canadian seismograph network in the region did not significantly change configuration, and are in the magnitude range 3–5. A traveltime model was derived and applied to arrival times for a selected, limited set of station–phase combinations. Time corrections for these combinations were derived from joint-hypocentre locations of earthquakes in specific regions using independently located reference events. An algorithm for routine location of offshore earthquakes in this region is suggested.The correlation between seismicity and mapped bathymetrical features is strong along the Revere–Dellwood transform fault and the northern segments of the Explorer ridge – transform fault system. Considerable seismicity occurs inside the Explorer Plate, indicating internal deformation. The Sovanco and Nootka shear zones, the southern borders of the Explorer Plate, are characterized by broad belts of seismicity and evidently are not simple transform margins. The Explorer and northern Juan de Fuca ridges are aseismic in the investigated magnitude range.

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Thomson, Keith A., W. James Ingraham Jr., Michael C. Healey, Paul H. LeBlond, Cornelius Groot, and Christopher G. Healey. "Computer Simulations of the Influence of Ocean Currents on Fraser River Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Return Times." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, no. 2 (February 1, 1994): 441–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f94-046.

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We hypothesized that the interannual variability of the northeast Pacific Ocean circulation affects the return times of Fraser River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Homeward migrations were simulated for 1982 (with a relatively weak Alaska Gyre circulation) and 1983 (with a relatively strong circulation) in the context of three sequential return migration phases: a nondirected oceanic phase, a directed oceanic phase, and a directed coastal phase. Passive drifters were simulated to examine the influence of ocean currents during the nondirected oceanic phase: model fish south of 48°N were advected closer to Vancouver Island in 1983 compared with 1982; those north of 48°N were advected closer to Vancouver Island in 1982 than in 1983. Fish were simulated during the directed oceanic phase using a variety of behaviour scenarios: model fish starting south of 50°N had earlier return times in 1983 than in 1982; those starting north of 50°N had return times in 1983 that were generally the same as or later than in 1982. We inferred that ocean currents would modulate the environmental influences on return times during the directed coastal migration phase, by deflecting sockeye salmon into different oceanographic domains along the British Columbia coast.

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Covell, Charles V., Douglas C. Ferguson, and Gerald B. Straley. "ENNOMOS ALNIARIA (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE), A EUROPEAN MOTH RECENTLY DISCOVERED IN BRITISH COLUMBIA." Canadian Entomologist 118, no. 5 (May 1986): 499–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent118499-5.

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On 5 September 1982, the third coauthor collected a single male of an unfamiliar geometrid moth in Vancouver, British Columbia. He sent it to the first coauthor, who recognized it as a species of Ennomos related to our native maple spanworm moth, E. magnaria Guenée. The second coauthor identified it as Ennomos alniaria (L.), a European species known in Britain as the canary-shouldered thorn.

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Nagorsen, David W., Karen F. Morrison, and Joan E. Forsberg. "Winter diet of Vancouver Island marten (Martes americana)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 6 (June 1, 1989): 1394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-198.

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Digestive tracts from 701 marten (Martes americana) of known sex and age taken during the 1983–1986 fur harvests were used to determine winter diet of marten from Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Small mammals, deer, birds, and salmonid fish were the major food items. Marten exploited nine species of small mammals including four introduced species, but more than 50% of the small mammal prey were deer mice (Peromyscus spp.). We attributed most deer remains to carrion. Avian prey was primarily small passerine and piciform species with Winter Wrens (Troglodytes troglodytes) accounting for about 40% of the identifiable bird remains. Salmon remains were from bait consumption and fish exploited during the spawning runs. Although minor intersexual variation in diet was evident with females consuming more small mammals and small birds, dietary overlap between sexes was pronounced in this insular population.

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Humble, L. M. "FINAL-INSTAR LARVAE OF NATIVE PUPAL PARASITES AND HYPERPARASITES OF OPEROPHTERA SPP. (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE) ON SOUTHERN VANCOUVER ISLAND." Canadian Entomologist 117, no. 5 (May 1985): 525–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent117525-5.

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AbstractThree native species of parasites and 3 hyperparasites were reared from pupae of the European winter moth, Operophtera brumata (L.), and the Bruce spanworm, O. bruceata (Hulst), collected in the Victoria area of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, in 1981. Two of the pupal parasites also attacked other species of Geometridae. Two species of hyperparasites attacked Cyzenis sp., and the third parasitized ichneumonid primary parasites of Operophtera spp. The hyperparasites may have a negative impact on the biological-control agents, Cyzenis albicans (Fall.) and Agrypon flaveolatum (Grav.). Total parasitism by pupal parasites of the Operophtera host complex was about 4%. Descriptions and illustrations of cephalic structures of final-instar larvae of the parasites and a key for their separation are given.

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12

Robinson, Clifford L. K., and Daniel M. Ware. "Modelling Pelagic Fish and Plankton Trophodynamics off Southwestern Vancouver Island, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, no. 8 (August 1, 1994): 1737–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f94-175.

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A trophodynamics model is used to estimate annual plankton and fish production for the southern British Columbia continental shelf during 1985–89. The model describes the feeding interactions among diatoms, copepods, euphausiids, juvenile and adult Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi), Pacific hake (Merluccius productus), chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), and spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) and is forced by empirical seasonal patterns in upwelling, sea surface temperature, and solar radiation. The most important simulation results are that (1) there is an imbalance between fish consumption and euphausiid production during the summer upwelling season, (2) the biomass and arrival timing of migratory hake significantly influence plankton and fish production, and (3) about 11% of the 332 g C∙m−2∙yr−1 annual diatom production is transferred to copepods and euphausiids and 1.0% of the diatom production to fish, while 27.5% of the 11.9 g C∙m−2∙yr−1 euphausiid production is consumed by herring and hake. The high plankton and fish production on the southern British Columbia shelf is comparable with other productive coastal upwelling regions.

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Berch, Shannon M., Sharmin Gamiet, and Elisabeth Deom. "Mycorrhizal status of some plants of southwestern British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Botany 66, no. 10 (October 1, 1988): 1924–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b88-263.

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During the summer of 1986, plants were collected from University of British Columbia Research Farm at Oyster River, Vancouver Island, and their mycorrhizal status was determined. Of the 60 plant species examined, 44 were always vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal, 13 were always nonmycorrhizal, and three varied. Nonmycorrhizal plants were found in species belonging to the following families: Araceae, Caryophyllaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae, Gramineae, Onagraceae, Polygonaceae, and Portulacaceae. The mycorrhizal status of 15 plant species is reported here for the first time. Of these, the nonmycorrhizal species included Lysichitum americanum (Araceae), Stellaria simcoei, Stellaria calycantha (Caryophyllaceae), and Epilobium minutum (Onagraceae), and the mycorrhizal species included Adenocaulon bicolor, Eriophyllum lanatum var. achillaeoides, Grindelia squarrosa var. serrulata (Compositae), Poa gracillima (Gramineae), Brodiaea coronaria, Disporum hookerii (Lilaceae), Polypodium glycyrrhiza (Polypodiaceae), Ranunculus uncinatus (Ranunculaceae), Rosa nutkana var. nutkana (Rosaceae), Collinsia parviflora (Scrophulariaceae), and Viola glabella (Violaceae).

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Jones, Adam. "Interview with Kal Holsti." Review of International Studies 28, no. 3 (July 2002): 619–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210502006198.

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Kalevi J. Holsti retired from his position as Killam Professor Emeritus in the Political Science Department of the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, in June 1999. Prof. Holsti's long and wide-ranging career has produced a number of classic works in the IR field, among them The Dividing Discipline (1985), International Politics: A Framework for Analysis (7th edn., 1994), Peace and War: Armed Conflicts and International Order, 1648–1989 (1991), and The State, War, and the State of War (1996). The following interview was conducted in January 2001 in Vancouver. A number of alterations were subsequently made to the raw transcript in consultation with Prof. Holsti.

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Olesiuk, Peter F., Michael A. Bigg, and Graeme M. Ellis. "Recent Trends in the Abundance of Harbour Seals, Phoca vitulina, in British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 992–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-114.

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Aerial censuses of harbour seals (Phoca vituiina) were conducted in the Strait of Georgia (1966–88), the lower Skeena River (1977–87), off the southwest coast of Vancouver island (1976–87), off the northeast coast of the Queen Charlotte Islands (1986), in Jervis Inlet (1987), and at the entrance to Queen Charlotte Strait (1988). The estimated number of seals in the Strait of Georgia, the primary study area, increased from 2170 in 1973 to 15 810 in 1988; the number in the lower Skeena River from 520 in 1977 to 1590 in 1987; and the number off south western Vancouver Island from 210 in 1976 to 1130 in 1987. The trends indicated that populations throughout British Columbia had been increasing at a rate of about 12.5% ∙yr−1 since 1973. Based on the density of seals in the areas surveyed, and the relative distribution of bounty and commercial kills, the total post-pupping population in British Columbia was estimated to have numbered 75 000–88 000 in 1988, compared with 9000–10 500 when the species was protected in 1970. Despite the recent increases, which probably reflect the recovery from historic kills, there was no evidence of density-dependent changes in the population growth rate.

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Livingston, N. J., and T. A. Black. "Water stress and survival of three species of conifer seedlings planted on a high elevation south-facing clear-cut." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, no. 9 (September 1, 1987): 1115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-170.

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Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco), western hemlock (Tsugaheterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.), and Pacific silver fir (Abiesamabilis (Dougl.) Forbes) container-grown 1-0 seedlings were spring planted on a south-facing high elevation clear-cut located on Mount Arrowsmith, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Treatments, which included inclining seedlings to the southwest, provision of shade cards, irrigation, and irrigation and shade cards combined, were applied to determine whether modification of seedling microclimate would increase survival. Highest survival rates, regardless of treatment, were shown by Douglas-fir. By April 1984, 72 and 82% of untreated Douglas-fir seedlings planted in 1981 and 1982, respectively, survived, whereas survival of treated seedlings ranged from 81 to 95%. The high survival rate in Douglas-fir appeared to be due to their high drought tolerance. The osmotic potential of unirrigated Douglas-fir seedlings declined by over 1.1 MPa during the course of the 1982 growing season in response to decreasing soil water potentials and consequently turgor was maintained in the foliage. Transpiration rates of these seedlings were never less than 50% of those that were irrigated. Western hemlock and Pacific silver fir seedlings exhibited very poor survival, possibly owing to the lack of stress avoidance and tolerance mechanisms. Survival rates of the two species were increased by shade cards and irrigation but never exceeded 64%.

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McLean, J. A. "Ambrosia Beetles: A Multimillion Dollar Degrade Problem of Sawlogs in Coastal British Columbia." Forestry Chronicle 61, no. 4 (August 1, 1985): 295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc61295-4.

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Ambrosia beetle degrade of sawlogs processed through the Vancouver log market in 1980/81 is calculated to be C$63.7 million. Similar losses can be expected in the future unless there are major changes in log inventory management. Gnathotrichus sulcatus was shown to penetrate Douglas-fir and western hemlock logs 3 cm and 8 cm respectively. The comparable figures for Trypodendron lineatum are 3 cm and 4 cm respectively. Factors that lead to the build up of ambrosia beetle populations in forest settings and processing areas must be identified to ensure maximum clearwood yield from logs.

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Anderson, Robin. "Making Fun of Sport: James Fitzmaurice, Robert Ripley, and the Art of Sport Cartooning in Vancouver, 1907-1918." Journal of Sport History 37, no. 3 (October 1, 2010): 365–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.37.3.365.

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Abstract This study looks at the emergence of newspaper sport cartooning in the early twentieth century through a comparison of the parochial images of Vancouver British Columbia cartoonist James Fitzmaurice and the syndicated American sports cartoons of Robert Ripley. The study examines the working lives of the best known American sport cartoonists and then focuses on the work of Vancouver Province staff cartoonist James B. Fitzmaurice during the prewar period and how these images grew out of local experience. With the arrival of the syndicated sports cartoons of New York City cartoonist Robert Ripley in 1914, Vancouver readers are given “world of sport” images that differed from the more eclectic visual meanings tied to local experience that characterized Fitzmaurice’s work. This study suggests that the contrast between Fitzmaurice and Ripley marks the difference between two levels of sport culture consumption and that visual culture acted as an important conduit for the growth of shared international sport consciousness.

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Ford, John K. B. "Acoustic behaviour of resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) off Vancouver Island, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 3 (March 1, 1989): 727–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-105.

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Recordings of underwater vocalizations and behavioural observations were collected from 16 photographically identified resident pods of killer whales (Orcinus orca) off Vancouver Island, British Columbia, during 1978–1983. Vocalizations recorded during 43 days spent with three representative pods were analyzed for each of five activity states: foraging, travelling, group-resting, socializing, and beach-rubbing. The whales produced three types of sounds that were assumed to be social signals: discrete calls, variable calls, and aberrant calls. Discrete calls dominated vocalization in most contexts. An increase in production of variable and aberrant calls was observed during socializing and beach-rubbing activities. Each resident pod had a group-specific repertoire of 7–17 discrete call types (mean = 10.7) that was consistent over a number of years. The relative use of different calls varied with activity, but no call type was correlated exclusively with any behaviour or circumstance that could be identified. Discrete calls probably function as intragroup contact signals to maintain pod cohesion and coordinate activities. Structural modulations of standard call formats and variations in frequencies of call use appear to carry information on the emotional state of vocalizing individuals. Group-specific repertoires of calls may increase the effectiveness and reliability of this contact system and function as indicators of pod affiliation.

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Borden, John H., and Eveline Stokkink. "Semiochemical-based integrated pest management of ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) in British Columbia’s forest industry: implemented in 1982 and still running." Canadian Entomologist 153, no. 1 (August 20, 2020): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2020.47.

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AbstractThree species of ambrosia beetles (Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier), Gnathotrichus sulcatus (LeConte), and G. retusus (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)) have been estimated to cause annual losses of $95–$189 million in degrade of logs and lumber on the British Columbia coast, in Canada. A consultant-run semiochemical-based integrated pest management programme was implemented in 1982 against these beetles, following fulfilment of four prerequisites: (1) presence of receptive potential clients, (2) availability of semiochemical lures, (3) invention of an operational trap, and (4) proof of concept of mass trapping technology. The programme is based on two broad strategies: maintain the problem at a tolerable level and, if necessary, reduce the problem to a tolerable level. One measure of effectiveness over 12 years of mass trapping at a dryland sort near Sooke, on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, was 16.4 million beetles trapped and an estimated five to one benefit-to-cost ratio. Despite success, several factors have conspired to reduce the programme from 50 sites serviced in early years to 7 in 2018. Timber companies in British Columbia are currently showing renewed interest and are taking steps to incorporate the integrated pest management programme as a formal component of their overall operations.

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Smith, Daniel J., and Colin P. Laroque. "Dendroglaciological Dating of a Little Ice Age Glacial Advance at Moving Glacier, Vancouver Island, British Columbia." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 50, no. 1 (November 30, 2007): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/033074ar.

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ABSTRACT Dendrochronological investigations at Moving Glacier provide the first calendar-dating of a Little Ice Age glacier advance on Vancouver Island. In 1931, Moving Glacier was within 30 to 50 m of a distinct trimline and terminal moraine marking its maximum Little Ice Age extent. A reconnaissance of the site in 1993 revealed the presence of sheared in situ stumps and detrital trunks inside the 1931 ice limit. Sampling in 1994 showed the site was covered by a mature subalpine forest prior to the glacial advance which overrode the site after 1718 A.D. Following this period of expansion, which saw Moving Glacier expand to its maximum Little Ice Age position after 1818 A.D., the glacier apparently experienced only minimal retreat prior to first being photographed in 1931.

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Slezak, L. A., M. K. Fries, L. R. Pickard, and R. A. Palsenbarg. "Liquid stream secondary treatment process design at the Annacis Island wastewater treatment plant of the Greater Vancouver sewerage and drainage district." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 3 (August 1, 1998): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0174.

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The Greater Vancouver Sewerage & Drainage District (GVS&DD) is a major regional wastewater agency serving Vancouver, British Columbia and surrounding municipalities. In the late 1980's it was mandated to upgrade its largest treatment plant from primary treatment to secondary treatment. From 1990 until the present the GVS&DD has engaged in Predesign, Design, Construction and Commissioning of the Annacis Island WWTP Secondary Upgrade. The size of the facility and the fact that no secondary treatment components were previously in place combined to make the upgrade a very large project valued at nearly $470 million CDN. This paper describes the major project components of the liquid stream process improvements. In addition to the major biological treatment components, other aspects of the project are described including, odour management, influent pumping, and primary treatment upgrades.

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Labelle, M. "Straying Patterns of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) Stock from Southeast Vancouver Island, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 9 (September 1, 1992): 1843–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-204.

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Fourteen coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) stocks of wild and hatchery origin were tagged from 1985 to 1988 in nine streams within a 150-km coastal section of Vancouver Island. Tag escapements to natal streams were estimated from fence counts, stream surveys, and mark–recapture operations. On average, adult (age 3+) strays accounted for ~4.7% of escapements, but for > 40% of the adult escapements in some cases. Adult straying rate, averaged across all years and stocks, was < 2%. Straying rates tended to be lower for hatchery fish and highest for stocks subjected to certain enhancement practices. Adult strays escaped to streams 2–159 km from their home stream (average 15.7 km); over 50% escaped to streams < 7 km from their stream of release. Straying rates of jacks (age 2+) in a given year and that of their adult siblings during the following year were not related. Genetic makeup, age-at-return, run timing, and exposure to nonnatal water sources during the rearing stage did influence homing. Changes in natural straying patterns should be suspected where enhancement measures include flow controls, selective breeding, and exposure of fry to various water sources. Straying levels and stray contributions should be considered when estimating survival and exploitation rates

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Kirschbaum, Stanislav. "Williams, Colin H., (Ed.), National Separatism, Vancouver University of British Columbia Press, 1982, 327 p." Études internationales 16, no. 1 (1985): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/701805ar.

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Healey, Michael C., Richard E. Thomson, and John F. T. Morris. "Distribution of Commercial Troll Fishing Vessels off Southwest Vancouver Island in Relation to Fishing Success and Oceanic Water Properties and Circulation." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, no. 10 (October 1, 1990): 1846–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-210.

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During April to September 1982 and 1983 we recorded detailed distribution patterns of salmon troll fishing vessels off southwestern Vancouver Island by means of a Coast Guard navigational radar at Ucluelet, British Columbia. The vessels adopted characteristic seasonal distributions along the coast that were related to capture success in the fishery. Vessel aggregations were related to persistent features of water property structure and circulation on the continental shelf. In particular, dense concentrations of fishing vessels occurred where there was locally intensified upwelling associated with: (1) topographically induced rectification of tidal flow at the margins of shallow fishing banks; (2) a mesoscale, quasi-permanent, cyclonic eddy off Juan de Fuca Strait; and (3) the transition zone between the poleward flowing Vancouver Island Coastal Current and the equatorward flowing shelf-break current. In our view, the fishing vessel distributions reflect salmon distributions. Therefore, the association between vessel aggregations and local upwelling illustrates a response of the salmon to local features of their physical environment. This response is probably mediated through the food supply, with food organisms aggregating in the vicinity of local upwelling and salmon aggregating in the patches of food.

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Lindo, Zoë. "A rare new species of Metrioppia (Acari: Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from a Pacific Northwest temperate rainforest." Canadian Entomologist 147, no. 5 (January 13, 2015): 553–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/tce.2014.83.

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AbstractI present the systematics and distribution of a new species of oribatid mite in the genus Metrioppia Grandjean, 1931 (Oribatida: Peloppiidae) from western North America. Metrioppia walbranensisnew species is diagnosed on the basis of adult morphology using the following character states: shape and dentition of the rostrum, length of lamellae, shape of lamellar cusps, length of the interlamellar setae, and number of posterior notogastral setae. The known distribution of M. walbranensis is provided based on sampling and museum collections. Metrioppia walbranensis has been collected only from a small number of locations on south-west Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, while its congener M. oregonensis Woolley and Higgins, 1969 has been collected widely within the Pacific Northwest, including sites on Vancouver Island. However, the two species do not appear to co-occur. Nucleotide sequence of the COI gene firmly places Metrioppia within the family Peloppiidae.

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Squires, Richard L. "Northeast Pacific Cretaceous record ofPyropsis(Neogastropoda: Pyropsidae) and paleobiogeography of the genus." Journal of Paleontology 85, no. 6 (November 2011): 1199–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/11-063.1.

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The neogastropod genusPyropsisConrad, 1860 (family Pyropsidae Stephenson, 1941) is recognized for the first time from Upper Cretaceous shallow-marine siliciclastic rocks in the region extending from Vancouver Island, British Columbia southward to southern California. Four new species were detected:Pyropsis aldersoni(earliest Coniacian, southern California),Pyropsis californica(early Coniacian, northern California),Pyropsis louellae(late Coniacian or early Santonian, northern California), andPyropsis grahami(late early Campanian, Vancouver Island).A critical review of the global reports ofPyropsis, a genus that has been commonly confused with other genera (especiallyTudiclaRöding, 1798), establishes thatPyropsishad an amphitropical distribution and lived in warm-temperate waters adjacent to a broad tropical realm. It is rare to uncommon wherever found, and its geologic range is middle Cenomanian to an age near the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary (probably earliest Paleocene). It was moderately widespread before the Maastrichtian but was predominantly restricted to the New World during the Maastrichtian.

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28

Auld, D. R., S. E. Dosso, D. W. Oldenburg, and L. K. Law. "Monitoring temporal change in conductivity in the central Vancouver Island region, an area with past large earthquakes." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 4 (April 1, 1992): 601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-052.

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Two major earthquakes, magnitude 7.0 in 1918 and magnitude 7.3 in 1946, have occurred this century in the central region of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Levelling data in the region indicate relative uplift of 4 mm/year from 1977 to 1984, followed by subsidence at approximately the same rate over the next 2 years. In response to the observed elevation changes, a program was initiated to investigate if temporal changes in the geoelectrical conductivity might be associated with earthquake occurrence. Beginning in 1986, magnetotelluric (MT) data have been measured annually at a number of sites on central Vancouver Island to monitor the long-term variability of the conductivity of the crust and upper mantle in the region. Robust processing techniques now used in the analysis of MT data enhance the possibility of detecting changes in the conductivity.Past studies involving the monitoring of MT stations have considered temporal change only in terms of the measured responses. However, formulating the inverse problem of constructing conductivity–depth models that vary minimally from year to year allows quantitative investigation of the changes required in the models to accommodate the yearly variations in the data. This provides a method of evaluating the processes and depths involved in observed changes in the data. Our modelling study indicates a small but systematic yearly decrease in conductivity from 1987 to 1990 localized in a conductive zone overlying the subducting Juan de Fuca Plate.

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29

Hickin, Edward J. "Contemporary Squamish River sediment flux to Howe Sound, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 26, no. 10 (October 1, 1989): 1953–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e89-165.

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Squamish River drains 3600 km2 in the southern Coast Mountains of British Columbia to Howe Sound at Squamish, some 50 km north of Vancouver. This study uses differencing of digitized bathymetric surfaces based on the Canadian Hydrographic Services surveys of 1930, 1973, and 1984 at the head of Howe Sound to yield a long-term sedimentation rate for Squamish River delta. The sediment flux from Squamish River to Howe Sound is determined to be 1.29 × 106 m3 a−1 or 1.81 × 109 kg a−1, rates consistent with loads calculated from flow and sediment-concentration regimes measured in the estuary in 1973 – 1975 and 1987 – 1988. The latter data indicate that the modal discharge-effectiveness class is 600 – 700 m3 s−1, moving 13% of the annual suspended-sediment load. Discharges up to 1400 m3 s−1 constitute 99.8% of all flows and are responsible for transporting 81.5% of the annual load. A very significant 18.5% of the load is moved by large-magnitude floods (> 1400 m3 s−1), which occur less than 0.2% of the time.Squamish Delta is prograding downfjord at an average rate of 3.86 m a−1 although local extensions of the delta front in a given year may approach 20 m. Some of the geomorphic implications of extrapolating these contemporary rates of fjord infilling over the Holocene are discussed briefly.

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30

Funck, Philipp, Satindranath Banerjee, and Jack Maze. "The structure of variation and correlations in Abies amabilis from southwestern British Columbia as assessed through a provenance test." Canadian Journal of Botany 68, no. 8 (August 1, 1990): 1796–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b90-232.

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Four provenances of Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forbes from southwestern British Columbia planted in 1980 on southern Vancouver Island were compared using the following variables: leader growth in length over 3 different years, leader diameter, needle lengths on the leader and side branches, and internode length. These variables can all be related to specific developmental phenomena. The four provenances were poorly differentiated in all features, aside from internode length. The low among-provenance differentiation parallels the low among-population, half-sib, and full-sib family variation seen in other conifers. However, in spite of the low among-provenance differentiation, the provenances exhibited different correlations among the variables measured.

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31

Beacham, T. D., A. P. Gould, R. E. Withler, C. B. Murray, and L. W. Barner. "Biochemical Genetic Survey and Stock Identification of Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) in British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44, no. 10 (October 1, 1987): 1702–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f87-209.

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We examined genetic variability using electrophoretic analysis of 83 chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) stocks in British Columbia and used regional differences in genotypic frequencies of seven polymorphic loci to estimate stock compositions in a number of commercial and experimental test fisheries. Chum salmon from five regions could be discriminated: Queen Charlotte islands, north and central coast, west coast of Vancouver Island, the Fraser River and its tributaries, and the south coast (rivers draining into Johnstone Strait and the Strait of Georgia). Allelic frequencies from 33 stocks were generally stable over a period of 2 yr or more. South coast chum salmon was the dominant run migrating through upper Johnstone Strait in October 1982–85. The genetic method of stock identification provided managers with the relative proportions of Fraser River and other groups of chum salmon in a number of fisheries and allowed managers to regulate more effectively the exploitation rate of Fraser River chum salmon.

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32

Davis, Henry, and Rachel Wojdak. "Southern Wakashan: Descriptive and Theoretical Perspectives." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 52, no. 1-2 (July 2007): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100004175.

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This special volume of CJL/RCL is the first collection of papers devoted specifically to the Southern Wakashan languages Makah, Ditidaht (also known as Nitinat), and Nuu-chah-nulth (also known as Nootka). These three closely related languages form a continuum stretching from the northwest tip of Washington State to northwest Vancouver Island in British Columbia. The Southern Wakashan languages are remarkable for the typologically unusual traits they exhibit in virtually all areas of their grammars. These properties were first illuminated by Edward Sapir in his foundational work on Nuu-chah-nulth (1911, 1915, 1921; Sapir and Swadesh 1939), which helped thrust Wakashan to the forefront of early Amerindian scholarship. The papers brought together in this volume reflect a recent resurgence of interest in Southern Wakashan, and highlight the potential of lesser-studied languages to contribute to linguistic theory, as well as the range of insights that theoretically informed perspectives can bring to the grammatical description of these languages.

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33

Pepper, Susanne. "China's Intellectual Dilemma: Politics and University Enrolment, 1949–1978. By Robert Taylor. [Vancouver and London: University of British Columbia Press, 1981. 215pp. $18.50.]." China Quarterly 105 (March 1986): 156–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000036912.

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34

Thomas, A. C., and W. J. Emery. "Winter Hydrography and Plankton Distribution on the Southern British Columbia Continental Shelf." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43, no. 6 (June 1, 1986): 1249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f86-155.

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The early winter (November–December 1983) concentrations and spatial distributions of chlorophyll and zooplankton on the southern British Columbia continental shelf are shown to be closely related to patterns of hydrographic parameters. Concentrations of both are an order of magnitude less than published summer values for the same area. On the basis of hydrographic and planktonic characteristics, the continental shelf region can be divided into an area dominated by the Vancouver Island Coastal Current and one dominated by the northward flowing Davidson Current which can be isolated in the data and traced along the outer shelf edge. Highest chlorophyll and zooplankton concentrations (1.0 mg∙m−1 and 2900 counts∙m−3) were found in Coastal Current water and the frontal zone between this and the Davidson Current water. The warmer Davidson Current water was associated with extremely low chlorophyll and zooplankton concentrations (<0.2 mg∙m−3 and <1700 counts∙m−3). The spatial distributions of both chlorophyll and zooplankton reflected variations in the cross-shelf position of the Davidson Current which appeared to be topographically controlled. Contours of sea surface temperature, inferred from hydrographic data, were similar to contours of chlorophyll and zooplankton concentration. Both in situ temperature and plankton distributions were spatially consistent with thermal patterns in concurrent high-resolution satellite infrared imagery. Areas of increased surface thermal gradient were consistent with in situ measured biological fronts.

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35

Dragert, H. "The fall (and rise) of central Vancouver Island: 1930–1985." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 24, no. 4 (April 1, 1987): 689–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e87-067.

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Levelled height differences obtained from first-order vertical control surveys between 1930 and 1984 indicate large apparent elevation changes along the east coast of central Vancouver Island, British Columbia. The levelling survey following the 1946 earthquake (M = 7.3) indicated relative subsidence, likely coseismic, of up to 80 mm for the northern third of the 130 km traverse between Comox and Campbell River. Subsequent surveys indicated relative uplifts within this region at rates averaging 1 mm/year (1946–1977) and 5 mm/year (1977–1984). Tilting along a 90 km traverse across central Vancouver Island between Gold River and Campbell River is not well defined because of uncalibrated magnetic errors present in the 1976–1978 baseline data. Minimal estimates indicate a possible average uplift rate of 1–2 mm/year for the east coast region with respect to the outer coast between 1976 and 1985.Taken at face value, these data are consistent with the crustal deformation sequence expected for an earthquake cycle. The coseismic subsidence has been followed by gradual postseismic recovery totalling 30 mm over 30 years. The apparent recent acceleration of this uplift rate to 5 mm/year could mark a stage of more rapid strain accumulation prior to a seismic event. The sense of tilting, principally upwards to the northwest, is difficult to reconcile with two-dimensional, northeast subduction. If this tilting is being generated at depths directly by the subduction process, it implies that the northern part of the survey area overlies a locked or currently more resistive subduction zone. Alternatively, elastic strain accumulation within the crust across the Beaufort Range (or a subparallel) fault preceding right-lateral strike-slip rupture could also lead to the observed tilt pattern.

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36

Rice, Keren D. "Eung-Do Cook. A Sarcee Grammar. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. 1984. Pp. 304. $34.00 (cloth)." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 30, no. 2 (1985): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100010999.

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37

Qian, Pei-Yuan, and Fu-Shiang Chia. "Sexual reproduction and larval development of Rhaphidrilus nemasoma Monticelli, 1910 (Polychaeta: Ctenodrilidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 10 (October 1, 1989): 2345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-331.

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Adult specimens and egg masses of Rhaphidrilus nemasoma were collected in the low intertidal zone from Execution Rock, Bamfield, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, in June of 1986. Each egg mass contained about 1000 eggs. The eggs were green, spherical, and measured 125–145 μm in diameter. Larval development took place within the egg mass until the three-or four-setiger stage, at which time they emerged from the egg mass. Newly emerged larvae crawled on the bottom of the culture beakers and fed on benthic diatoms. Metamorphosis took place soon after emergence and was completed within 2 weeks. Paddle cilia were observed at the early trochophore stage, and their possible function, and the extremely high fecundity of this polychaete, are discussed.

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38

Régnière, J., and V. Nealis. "Modelling seasonality of gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), to evaluate probability of its persistence in novel environments." Canadian Entomologist 134, no. 6 (December 2002): 805–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent134805-6.

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AbstractThe predictions of three published models of temperature-dependent egg hatch of the European strain of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., were compared with observed hatch rates of caged egg masses in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Two of the three models gave a good fit to observations. Both of these models considered explicitly the period between oviposition in the summer of one year and hatch of neonates the following spring. When combined with models for temperature-dependent development of larvae and pupae, and adult longevity, the seasonal life history of an entire generation of gypsy moth could be simulated. These composite models predict the seasonal occurrence of all life stages of the insect. The simulated flight period of adult male gypsy moth on Vancouver Island in 1998 compared favourably with observed captures in pheromone traps. A series of gypsy moth generations was simulated using daily temperature inputs reconstructed from climatic normals (period 1961–1990) at various locations on the south coast and southern interior of British Columbia where gypsy moth has been frequently introduced but is not established. These simulations provided estimates of the probability of a persistent population resulting from a predicted stable seasonality of the gypsy moth. The highest probabilities of persistence were in coastal areas along the Strait of Georgia between Vancouver Island and the continental mainland and in southern interior valleys below approximately 500-m elevation (above sea level). Outside these regions, normal climatic profiles resulted in an unstable seasonality for gypsy moth with increasingly late oviposition dates, and subsequent problems in synchronizing initiation and completion of winter diapause with appropriate ambient conditions. The phenology models discussed here can be and were used as decision-support tools either to improve the efficiency of pest management operations (sampling, pesticide applications) or to make better decisions concerning the need for eradication of the gypsy moth in novel environments.

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39

Shaw, Patrick. "New amphipods from geothermal vent sites off the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, with a reappraisal of the amphipod family Sebidae." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 8 (August 1, 1989): 1882–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-269.

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Four species of amphipod crustacea were collected from washings of pogonophoran tubes and bacterial mucus taken during submersible investigations of deep-sea geothermal vent sites west of Vancouver Island. Pardalisca endeavouri n.sp. and Sebapro fundus n.sp. are described, and additional records of Oradarea longimana Boeck and Bonnieriella ?linearis are given. In addition, the composition and phylogeny of the Sebidae is examined, and a new genus, Caribseba, is erected for Sebatropica McKinney, 1980.

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40

Anderson, K. J. "Cultural Hegemony and the Race-Definition Process in Chinatown, Vancouver: 1880–1980." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 6, no. 2 (June 1988): 127–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d060127.

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The study of systems of racial classification is not well developed in the social sciences. Within the liberal tradition of race relations research, race has more often been taken for granted than made an object of explanation itself. Marxist analysts, on the other hand, have tended to treat race, like other ideologies, as derivative of more decisive economic pressures under capitalism. Neither of these ‘idealist’ or materialist’ perspectives gives sufficient recognition to the contribution which ideological formulations about ‘race’ have made to the structuring of the society and space of Western countries. That challenge is taken up in this paper and the history of the race-definition process in Vancouver, British Columbia, is examined. Attention is paid to the social construction of the racial category, ‘Chinese’, which persisted in white European culture for a century, from 1880 to 1980. It is demonstrated how the racial category is structured at the local level through the nexus known as ‘Chinatown’, and legitimized through the institutional practices of the three levels of the Canadian government. In reconstructing the historically evolving relationship between racial discourse, place, and government policy in one setting, the workings of one of the most influential of socially based hegemonies are uncovered.

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41

Pauly, Daniel. "Having to science the hell out of it‡." ICES Journal of Marine Science 73, no. 9 (April 22, 2016): 2156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw045.

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AbstractA first-person account of the scientific career of the fishery scientist Daniel Pauly is given, starting with his studies in Germany and his work on a coastal lagoon in Ghana in 1971, through his trawl fisheries surveys in Indonesia (1975–1976), his work at the International Centre for Living Aquatic Resources Management in the Philippines (1979–mid-1990s), and his transition to the University of British Columbia, in Vancouver, Canada. Emphasis is given to the widely used major products of his and his collaborators' work (ELEFAN, Ecopath and FishBase) and to the Sea Around Us, a 15-year research activity that he led, which culminated in a reconstruction of global marine fisheries catches from 1950 to 2010, and which discovered a strong decline in catches since the mid-1990s.

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42

Ching, Hilda Lei. "The distribution of plerocercoids of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Nitzsch) in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) smolts from Great Central Lake, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 850–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-125.

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Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from Great Central Lake, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, were sampled in May of 1986 and 1987 to study the locations and sizes of plerocercoids of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum. In 1986, 93% of 59 smolts were infected with a total of 222 plerocercoids (mean intensity ± SE, 4.0 ± 3.4; range, 1–15). In 1987, 77% of 168 smolts were infected with a total of 341 plerocercoids (mean ± SE, 2.6 ± 1.8; range, 1–9). More than 75% of the infected fish contained one to three plerocercoids, which were more often found free in the musculature than encysted in the viscera. Plerocercoids occurred most frequently in the midepaxial and midhypaxial musculature and encysted on the stomach and pyloric ceca. Plerocercoids varied in body length: those from the stomach area were <2 mm, and those in the viscera and musculature were 3–10 mm (a few from the musculature were >10 mm).

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43

Taylor, Eric B., Les N. Harris, Erin K. Spice, and Margaret F. Docker. "Microsatellite DNA analysis of parapatric lamprey (Entosphenus spp.) populations: implications for evolution, taxonomy, and conservation of a Canadian endemic." Canadian Journal of Zoology 90, no. 3 (March 2012): 291–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-135.

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Parapatric freshwater and anadromous parasitic lampreys (Petromyzontiformes) from southwestern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, have been described as distinct taxa (Vancouver lamprey ( Entosphenus macrostomus (Beamish, 1982)) and Pacific lamprey ( Entosphenus tridentatus (Richardson, 1836)), respectively), using morphology, life history, and physiology. We tested for genetic differentiation at microsatellite DNA loci between these taxa and similar freshwater parasitic lampreys from two other lakes. The number of alleles and expected heterozygosity averaged 3.8 and 0.50, respectively, across loci and populations, and anadromous populations were more variable than freshwater populations. Population subdivision was moderate (FST = 0.096, P < 0.001) and 3% of the total variation was found between taxa and 1.7% was found among populations within taxa (both P < 0.001). Parapatric freshwater and anadromous parasitic lampreys separated by a maximum of 40 km were more distinct (mean FST = 0.042) than were anadromous populations located 800 km from one another (mean FST = 0.012). Localities within lakes with parasitic freshwater lampreys, however, showed little differentiation (FST = 0.0–0.08). Our data support recognizing E. macrostomus and E. tridentatus as distinct species, but similar levels of differentiation between these taxa and other freshwater parasitic lampreys suggest a species complex where the taxonomy remains unclear.

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44

Caira, J. N., and G. G. E. Scudder. "Pseudoallocreadium alloneotenicum (Wootton, 1957) Yamaguti, 1971 (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) from Psychoglypha alascensis Banks (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) in Vancouver, British Columbia." Journal of Parasitology 71, no. 4 (August 1985): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3281555.

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45

Taylor, P. R., A. M. van Selst, W. E. Hodge, and R. G. Sexsmith. "Annacis cable-stayed bridge—design for earthquake." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 472–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-055.

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The 465 m span Annacis cable-stayed bridge, currently under construction near Vancouver, British Columbia, will be the longest cable-stayed span in the world when it is completed in 1986. As this bridge is partially founded on soft delta deposits and is located within 80 km of a seismic source zone, its design has required careful consideration of earthquake effects. This paper reports the seismic analytical and design approaches adopted for the foundations and superstructure of the bridge. Details covered include dynamic modelling of the subsoil layers, correlation of measured surface accelerations with those predicted by computer modelling from nearby rock accelerations, earthquake risk analysis, assessment of the soil liquefaction potential, compliance of deep piles and pier translation during ground shaking, dynamic modelling of the superstructure, ductility and displacement demands in the superstructure, and details for construction. Key words: bridges, earthquake.

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46

Campanella, R. G., and P. K. Robertson. "Use and interpretation of a research dilatometer." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, no. 1 (February 1, 1991): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-012.

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The flat dilatometer (DMT) test was introduced by Marchetti (1980) as a new in situ penetration test for soils. The equipment and test procedures are simple, and the test provides repeatable, nearly continuous data that has been empirically correlated to soil type, undrained shear strength (su), coefficient of earth pressure at rest (K0), overconsolidation ratio (OCR), and constrained modulus (M). To better understand the measurements from the DMT, a research flat dilatometer was developed at the University of British Columbia (UBC). The research dilatometer is identical in size, shape, and operation to the Marchetti blade except that instrumentation was added which made passive measurements of pore pressure and deflection at the centre of the membrane, inflation pressure at the membrane, verticality of the blade, and penetration force immediately above the blade. Results from several well-documented sites near Vancouver, British Columbia, using the research DMT are presented and discussed. Results from the research DMT have provided useful insight into the test procedure and interpretation methods of the standard Marchetti DMT. Stress-deflection curves for the DMT are remarkably similar to both self-bored and full displacement pressuremeter test results. Alternate DMT procedures are proposed to estimate ø′ of sands and coefficient of consolidation in clays. A procedure incorporating the closing pressure (P2) using a standard Marchetti DMT is proposed and evaluated. Key words: flat dilatometer test, in situ, research, cone penetration test, pore pressures.'

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47

Sagart, Laurent. "PULLEYBLANK (Edwin G.) Middle Chinese, a Study in Historical Phonology Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1984. 268 p." Cahiers de Linguistique Asie Orientale 15, no. 1 (1986): 183–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19606028-90000021.

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48

Binder, Hanna, and Hugh J. Freeman. "Granulomatous (Crohn’s) Appendicitis." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 5, no. 3 (1991): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1991/703894.

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Four patients with Crohn’s disease limited initially to the appendix, treated by appendectomy and seen at the University of British Columbia Hospital, Vancouver, during 1980-90 are described. In all patients the initial diagnosis was based on the presence of an appendiceal granulomatous inflammatory process, while other causes such as sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and bacterial gut pathogens were excluded. While post appendectomy complications, including enterocutaneous fistula, did not occur, symptomatic recurrence was later observed in three patients four to 24 months following appendiceal resection. This recurrence was associated with a diagnosis of recurrent Crohn’s disease and histological findings of granulomas elsewhere in the gastrointestinal tract. In conclusion, a ‘reagent grade’ population of patients with Crohn’s disease limited to the appendix was seen. A high frequency of recurrent disease was defined, indicating that isolated granulomarous appendicitis may be the initial and sole presenting feature of Crohn’s disease.

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49

van Donkelaar, A., R. V. Martin, W. R. Leaitch, A. M. Macdonald, T. W. Walker, D. G. Streets, Q. Zang, et al. "Analysis of aircraft and satellite measurements from the intercontinental chemical transport experiment (INTEX-B) to quantify long-range transport of East Asian Sulfur to Canada." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 1 (February 27, 2008): 4017–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-4017-2008.

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Abstract. We interpret a suite of satellite, aircraft, and ground-based measurements over the North Pacific Ocean and western North America during April–May 2006 as part of the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Phase B (INTEX-B) campaign to understand the implications of long-range transport of East Asian emissions to North America. The Canadian component of INTEX-B included 33 vertical profiles from a Cessna 207 aircraft equipped with an aerosol mass spectrometer. Long-range transport of organic aerosols was insignificant. Measured sulfate plumes in the free troposphere over British Columbia exceeded 1 μg/m3. We update the global anthropogenic emission inventory in a chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) and use it to interpret the observations. Trends in Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) retrieved from two satellite instruments (MISR and MODIS) for 2000–2006 are analyzed with GEOS-Chem to estimate an annual growth in Chinese sulfur emissions of 6.2% and 9.6%, respectively. Analysis of aircraft sulfate measurements from the NASA DC-8 over the central Pacific, the NSF C-130 over the east Pacific and the Cessna over British Columbia indicates most Asian sulfate over the ocean is in the lower free troposphere (800–600 hPa), with a decrease in pressure toward land due to orographic effects. We calculate that 63% of the measured sulfate at 600 hPa over British Columbia is due to East Asian sources. Simulation of INTEX-B and May 1985 aircraft measurements off the northwest coast of the United States reveals a 2.4–3.4 fold increase in the relative contribution of East Asian sulfate to the total burden. Campaign-average simulations indicate anthropogenic East Asian sulfur emissions increase mean springtime sulfate in Western Canada at the surface by 0.14–0.19 μg/m3 (~30%) and account for 40% of the overall regional sulfate burden between 1 and 5 km. Mean measured daily surface sulfate concentrations taken in the Vancouver area increase by 0.27 μg/m3 per 10% increase in the simulated fraction of Asian sulfate, suggesting current East Asian emissions degrade local air quality.

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Labelle, M., C. J. Walters, and B. Riddell. "Ocean survival and exploitation of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) stocks from the east coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 7 (July 1, 1997): 1433–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-052.

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Juvenile tagging and escapement enumeration was conducted during 1985-1988 in nine streams within a 150-km section on the east coast of Vancouver Island. Fourteen coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) stocks of wild, hatchery, and mixed origin were monitored for ocean survival and exploitation patterns. Estimates of smolt-to-adult survival ranged from 0.5 to 23.1%. Survival rates were highly variable across years and stocks. No stock or stock type had consistently higher survival, but one hatchery stock exhibited consistently lower survival. Average exploitation rates were about 80% each year, and were as high as 96% for some stocks. Exploitation rates were not consistently higher or lower for any stock or stock type, but hatchery reared coho tended to be subject to higher exploitation. Log-linear models were used to assess the effects of various factors on survival and exploitation. Certain hatchery rearing practices had a large influence on survival. Genetic factors, run timing, and stream location had large influences on exploitation rates. An assessment of covariation in survival and exploitation rates showed no indication of a high level of similarity among stocks from adjacent streams or among stock types in this region.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Vancouver (British Columbia, 1981)'

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