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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Vanuatu – Population

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Academic literature on the topic 'Vanuatu – Population'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Vanuatu – Population"

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Guerin, Valerie, and Katsura Aoyama. "Mavea." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 39, no. 2 (July 10, 2009): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100309003958.

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Mavea is spoken on the eponymous island, Mavea, a satellite island off the east coast of Espiritu Santo Island, northern Vanuatu. The language is highly endangered. There are about 34 fluent speakers on Mavea Island (aged 30 and older), out of a total island population of around 210. There are at least another 30 Mavea speakers who have left the island permanently. These speakers now live throughout Vanuatu, mainly on Espiritu Santo Island (in the villages of Deproma and Matevulu), Aore Island, and in Port Vila, the capital city of Vanuatu. All Mavea speakers are bilingual in Bislama, one of the official languages of Vanuatu.

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Lucas, David. "Population of Vanuatu: Analysis of the 1979 Census." Population Studies 45, no. 3 (November 1, 1991): 539–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0032472031000145716.

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Bowen, Jennifer. "Notes on the Vanuatu Megapode Megapodius layardi on Ambrym, Vanuatu." Bird Conservation International 6, no. 4 (December 1996): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270900001842.

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SummaryThe Vanuatu Megapode Megapodius layardi is endemic to Vanuatu (formerly New Hebrides). On the volcanic island of Ambrym it exhibited three different incubation strategies. It incubated its eggs (1) in burrows between decaying roots of trees; (2) in burrows at large communal nesting grounds in volcanically heated soils; and (3) in burrows on sun-exposed beaches. No mounds were found. In a study by the Vanuatu Protected Areas Initiative (VPAI) nesting grounds were mapped to monitor the population. Three communal nesting grounds were surveyed. Two were on promontories and one on a beach. The burrows were classified into three categories: active, probably active and old. The density of active burrows per hectare of the three sites was 82.4 for Promontory A, 43.5 for Promontory B and 10.5 for Buwoma Beach. Additional information of this poorly known species was collected from villagers in the north-west and west of the island. They have noticed a decrease in the numbers of birds and have expressed concern about the future of the species.Le Mègapode de Vanuatu, Mègapodius layardi, est uniquement originaire de Vanuatu, (dit 'Nouvelles Hebrides' autrefois). Sur l'île volcanique d'Ambrym, il fait preuve de trois stratégies d'incubation différentes. II couve ses oeufs premièrement dans des terriers situés entre les racines pourries des arbres, duexièmement dans des terriers situés dans des grands terrains communaux de nids, et troisièmement dans des terriers situés sur des plages exposées au soleil. Aucan monticule n'est évident. Lors d'une étude par l'lnitiative des Terrains Protégés de Vanuatu (Vanuatu Protected Areas Initiative, VPAI), les terrains de nids furent plannifiés afin d'étudier la population. Trois terrains communaux de nids furent enquêtés. Les terriers furent classifiés en trois catégories; actifs, probablement actifs, et anciens. La densité des terriers actifs par hectare des trois terrains étaient de 82.4 pour le Cap A, 43.5 pour le Cap B, et de 10.5 pour la plage de Buwoma. Des données additionelles pur cet espèce peu connu furent rassemblées des villageois dand le nord ouest et l'ouest de Iîle. Ils ont constaté une diminuation des nombres d'oiseaux et ils ont exprimé leurs soucis vis-à-vis le future de l'espèce.Wan pijin, nem blong hem Namalau, Megapodius layardi, i stap long Vanuatu nomo (bifo, New Hebrides i nem blong Vanuatu). Long Ambrym, wan aelan wetem volkeno, Namalau i yusum trifala defren fasin long makem nes blong hem so heg blong hem i stap gud nomo; 1) ol i putum heg blong hem nekis rus bio tri wea ol rus i rotin 2) ol i putum heg blong hem wetem plenti narafala Namalau heg long graon wea volkeno i mekem groan i hot, 3) ol i putum heg blong hem insead sanbij wea san i makem i hot. Long Ambrym ol man i no fanem ples wea Namalau putum heg blong hem insaed wanples wea i gat plenti lif mo tri antap graon. Vanuatu Protected Areas Initiative (VPAI) i mekem wan stadi long ples wea ol Namalau i putum heg mo ol i mekem wan map. VPAI i lukum long trifala ples wea Namalau i putum heg. Tufala ples i stap long graon wea i go aot long solwota mo namba tri ples i stap long wan sanbij. I gat trifala defren grup blong ples wea ol i putum heg; niufala, klosap niufala mo olfala. Namba blong nuifala ples wea Namalau i putum heg insaed long wan hectare i 82.4 long pies A, 43.5 long ples B mo 10.5 long Buwoma sanbij. I no gat plenti save blong Namalau mo VPAI toktok plenti wetem ol man blong vilej long notwes mo wes Ambrym. Ol man is e namba blong Namalau i go daon bigwan mo ol i wari long fiuja long Namalau.

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Sparks, Emalie, Katherine Paterson, Joseph Santos, Kathy Trieu, Nerida Hinge, Len Tarivonda, Wendy Snowdon, Claire Johnson, and Jacqui Webster. "Salt-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors on Efate Island, Vanuatu." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6 (March 21, 2019): 1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16061027.

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In Vanuatu, mean salt intake exceeds the recommended maximum daily intake, and contributes to the high proportion of deaths attributable to cardiovascular diseases. Understanding salt-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of the Vanuatu population can inform appropriate interventions. This cross-sectional study was conducted as part of the 2016–2017 Vanuatu Salt Survey. In total, 753 participants aged between 18 and 69 years from rural and urban communities on the Island of Efate were included. Demographic and clinical data were collected and a salt-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors survey was administered. Knowledge relating to the need to reduce salt consumption was high, but reported behaviors did not reflect this knowledge. A total of 83% of participants agreed that too much salt could cause health problems, and 86% reported that it was “very important” to lower the amount of salt in the diet. However, more than two-thirds of the population reported always/often adding salt to food during cooking/meal preparation and at the table, and always/often consuming processed foods high in salt. Strategic, targeted, and sustained behavior change programs in parallel with interventions to change the food environment to facilitate healthier choices should be key components of a salt reduction program. Actions should implemented as part of a comprehensive strategy to prevent and control non-communicable diseases in Vanuatu.

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Saretzki, Charlotte E. B., Gerhard Dobler, Elisabeth Iro, Yin May, Douglas Tou, Eteta Lockington, Michael Ala, Nicole Heussen, Bruno S. J. Phiri, and Thomas Küpper. "Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) seroprevalence in the South Pacific populations of the Cook Islands and Vanuatu with associated environmental and social factors." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 11 (November 28, 2022): e0010626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010626.

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Background Arthropod-borne diseases pose a significant and increasing risk to global health. Given its rapid dissemination, causing large-scale outbreaks with severe human infections and economic loss, the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is one of the most important arboviruses worldwide. Despite its significance, the real global impact of CHIKV remains underestimated as outbreak data are often incomplete and based solely on syndromic surveillance. During 2011–2016, the South Pacific Region was severely affected by several CHIKV-epidemics, yet the area is still underrepresented in arboviral research. Methods 465 outpatient serum samples collected between 08/2016 and 04/2017 on three islands of the island states Vanuatu (Espiritu Santo) and the Cook Islands (Rarotonga, Aitutaki) were tested for anti-CHIKV specific antibodies using Enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assays. Results A total of 30% (Cook Islands) and 8% (Vanuatu) of specimens were found positive for anti-CHIKV specific antibodies with major variations in national and intranational immunity levels. Seroprevalence throughout all age groups was relatively constant. Four potential outbreak-protective factors were identified by comparing the different study settings: presence of Ae. albopictus (in absence of ECSA E1-A226V-mutation CHIKV), as well as low levels of human population densities, residents’ travel activity and tourism. Conclusion This is the first seroprevalence study focussing on an arboviral disease in the Cook Islands and Vanuatu. It highlights the impact of the 2014/2015 CHIKV epidemic on the Cook Islands population and shows that a notable part of the Vanuatu test population was exposed to CHIKV although no outbreaks were reported. Our findings supplement the knowledge concerning CHIKV epidemics in the South Pacific Region and contribute to a better understanding of virus dissemination, including outbreak modifying factors. This study may support preventive and rapid response measures in affected areas, travel-related risk assessment and infection identification in returning travellers. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Aachen: 051/16_09/05/2016 Cook Islands Ref.: #16-16 Vanuatu Ref.: MOH/DG 10/1/1-GKT/lr.

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Widmer, Alexandra. "The Effects of Elusive Knowledge." Journal of Legal Anthropology 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2008): 92–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jla.2008.010105.

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In this article, I discuss two roles of documents in the creation and enforcement of public health laws in early colonial Vanuatu and their implication in colonial attempts to transform ni-Vanuatu societies and subjectivities. Colonial officials of the British-French Condominium based their projects on their admittedly partial knowledge in reports generated by experts studying depopulation. This knowledge, I argue, produced a ‘population’ by categorizing people according to their relationship with a reified notion of culture. The Condominium enforced health laws by sending letters to people categorized as Christian who would, the Condominium hoped, adhere to the regulations as self governing subjects. Officials would engage in persuasive conversations when they enforced the regulations in ‘bush’ villages. I conclude by reflecting on ni- Vanuatu knowledge of well-being and illness that could not be represented or documented and its centrality for subjectivities that might elude, if not subvert, the modern subject presumed by colonial strategies of governance.

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Keppel, Gunnar. "Low genetic variation in a Pacific cycad: conservation concerns for Cycas seemannii (Cycadaceae)." Oryx 36, no. 1 (January 2002): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605302000078.

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The conservation status of Cycas seemannii, native to Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Fiji and Tonga, is assessed based on isozyme analysis, abundance estimates and factors affecting the survival of the species. Genetic variation in the species is low and genetic differentiation between populations is high, as compared to plants in general and to other cycads. Lower genetic variation was detected in a fragmented population as compared to less disturbed populations. Low gene flow was also detected, implying little contact between the various populations. A conservative estimate of 17,000 individuals remaining in the wild was obtained, with more than half of these located on the islands of Vanuatu. Accounts of past abundance suggest declining population sizes, most likely the result of repeated burning. Other factors that may be contributing to the decline are decreasing importance to and protection by humans, habitat alteration for agricultural and developmental purposes, and poor dispersal and recolonisation potential. An assessment based on the present estimated abundance and what is known of recent declines in numbers, indicates that the species should be categorised as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. On some of the densely populated islands, such as Viti Levu in Fiji and Nukualofa in Tonga, the species is locally Endangered or Critically Endangered. Possible conservation measures are suggested, and it is emphasised that populations on different islands must be considered separately because of their genetic differentiation.

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Fufa, Tilahun Wondimu, Wosene Gebreselassie Abtew, Charles Okechukwu Amadi, and Happiness Ogba Oselebe. "DArTSeq SNP-based genetic diversity and population structure studies among taro [(Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott] accessions sourced from Nigeria and Vanuatu." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 10, 2022): e0269302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269302.

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Taro is a valuable staple food crop among resource-poor rural people in countries such as Nigeria and Ghana, among others. Characterization of genetic diversity is a prerequisite for proper management of breeding programs and conservation of genetic resources. Two hundred seventy one taro accessions obtained from Nigeria and Vanuatu were genotyped using DArTseq-based SNP markers with the objectives of investigating the genetic diversity and population structure. In the analysis, 10,391 SNP markers were filtered from the sequence and used. The analysis revealed higher transition than transversion types of SNPs in the ratio of 1.43:1. The polymorphism ranged from 0.26 to 0.29 for the markers, indicating moderate genetic diversity. A model-based Bayesian clustering analysis of taro accessions yielded five subgroups and revealed the admixture situation in 19.19% of all accessions in the study. Vanuatu taro accessions exhibited more genetic diversity than Nigerian taro accessions. The population diversity estimate (PhiPt) was relatively higher (0.52) for accessions originating from Vanuatu than for Nigerian accessions. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that most variation existed among individuals within a population at 52%. Nei’s genetic distance showed that relatedness is based on geographical proximity. Collection of taro genetic resources should give more emphasis to within regions to utilize diversity in taro breeding program. This study also demonstrated the efficiency of DArTseq-based SNP genotyping for large-scale genome analysis in taro. The genotypic markers provided in this study are useful for association mapping studies.

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Foster, Tim, Juliet Willetts, and Krishna Kumar Kotra. "Faecal contamination of groundwater in rural Vanuatu: prevalence and predictors." Journal of Water and Health 17, no. 5 (July 3, 2019): 737–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2019.016.

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Abstract Groundwater is an important source of water for coastal communities in Pacific Island Countries. This study assessed the prevalence and predictors of faecal contamination in groundwater sources across 11 islands in Vanuatu. Escherichia coli was detected in 49% of sources and E. coli concentration exceeded 10 MPN (most probable number)/100 mL for 23% of sources. When adjusting for other variables, the detection of E. coli was significantly associated with severe pump stand corrosion, suggestive of contaminated run-off directly entering boreholes. E. coli concentration >10 MPN/100 mL was also significantly associated with: (i) hand-dug wells (as compared to drilled boreholes); (ii) severe pump stand corrosion; (iii) water points underlain by volcanic rocks (as compared to coral limestone); and (iv) rainfall in the previous 24 h. Encasing pump stands in concrete – as some communities had done – was found to have a significant protective effect. While baseline statistics for Sustainable Development Goal target 6.1 suggest that 87% of Vanuatu's rural population have access to at least a basic (improved) water source, the results from this study point to extensive microbial water quality concerns linked to degraded water supply infrastructure in need of rehabilitation.

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Haberkorn, Gerald. "Temporary versus Permanent Population Mobility in Melanesia: A Case Study from Vanuatu." International Migration Review 26, no. 3 (1992): 806. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2546966.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vanuatu – Population"

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Greindl, Delphine. "Vivres en ville: des jardins au marché sur l'archipel du Vanuatu." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211852.

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Haberkorn, Gerald. "Port Vila : transit station or final stop? : recent developments in ni-Vanuatu population mobility." Phd thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/111413.

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Between 1967 and 1979, urban population growth in Vanuatu has increased at more than twice the annual rate of rural population growth. This thesis examines the contribution of rural-urban mobility to this process, in the local and historical conditions of mobility from Paama and Raga (North Pentecost). The historical development of ni-Vanuatu population mobility is discussed in reference to previous empirical research carried out by Bedford and Bonnemaison, and examined in the context of a macro-analysis of national population trends based on 1967 and 1979 census data, which serve as the baseline for analysing changes up to 1983 when I concluded my fieldwork. Rather than viewing developments in ni-Vanuatu population mobility throughout time solely as the result of socio-economic change, this thesis emphasizes the ongoing interplay between structural transformations in source and destination areas and mobility, causing a recreation of new environments within which mobility occurs. Causes which facilitated and necessitated mobility in the 1950s and 1960s no longer assume the same magnitude in defining mobility in contemporary rural societies. Population pressure on limited resources on P a a m a , which cannot be dissociated from an individualization of land tenure and the introduction of cash-crops (coconuts) around the turn of the century, means that Paamese mobility has always had the character of a survival strategy. But whereas in the past, periodic rural-based moves of a short-term nature (circulation) supplemented the existence of rural households, such mobility has gradually given way to a subsidization of rural life. A communal land tenure system and multilocal residence and land rights on R aga based on vara membership have always permitted a greater flexibility to accommodate demographic fluctuations on a household and local-regional level. The contemporary persistence of ‘trad itio n al’ economic and social organization alongside more recent, albeit locally varied developments of a commoditization of land means that Raga mobility, in relative terms, appears to be more a m atter of convenience. A rapidly expanding and diversifying domestic urban economy, the nickel boom in neighbouring New Caledonia, and the rural crisis of the early 1970s illustrate how conditions, formerly both necessitating and facilitating temporary rural-based circulation, have given way to a setting more conducive to long-term, or even permanent urban relocations. While Port Vila has become a new home, a new base, for many Paamese and Raga migrants, and long-term rural-urban mobility has emerged as the predominant contemporary form of Paamese and Raga mobility, such developments have not completely replaced temporary rural-based circulation, particularly not on Paama. However, an analysis of life-time mobility histories of Paamese and Raga men and women, resident in both Port Vila, and in the Liro area (Paama) and Hurilao (Raga), unequivocally show that its significance has declined dramatically throughout the 1970s, which, alongside the stabilization of rural-urban mobility casts some doubt about the future significance of temporary circulation from a rural base.

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Strydom, Maria Sophia. "Gesinsbeplanning in 'n bevolkingsprogram : 'n beskouing vanuit die Maatskaplike Werk." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10389.

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Ph.D. (Social Work)
The problem stated by the candidate is twofold: * family planning programmes throughout the world have generally been unsuccessful; * the question arises as to whether social workers can contribute to family planning and population programmes and what such contribution should comprise. Family planning organisers are confronted with various problems when initiating a family planning programme and trying to ensure that it will function effectively - identifying the target group in terms of numbers and demographic and social characteristics; motivating the target group towards active participation in the family planning programme; motivation for active participation in the family planning programme by the target group, and maintaining of the contraceptive regimen by those already engaged in the family planning programme. Official statistics and research findings in respect of the first two problems are available in South Africa; no adequate information exists in regard to the latter problem according to which programme organisers can plan and operate. A review of research on family planning and population programmes conducted in South Africa and other countries was undertaken. This includes a study of the findings of various KAP investigations. An empirical investigation was undertaken on an aspect in the field of study of which there is insufficient knowledge - a study that is an individual contribution towards existing knowledge. On numerous occasions in this thesis it becomes evident that social workers, by virtue of their special knowledge, values and skills, can make a unique and professional contribution to the dissemination of family planning. One of the particular skills of the social worker is that of conducting interviews. The social worker also has the ability to motivate people towards change in their behaviour. The social worker can therefore, through personal interviewing, guidance and motivation of people, contribute to the expansion of the population programme in general and the family planning programme in particular...

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Books on the topic "Vanuatu – Population"

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Tamkela, Jimmy. 2009 national population & housing census: Youth monograph : young people in Vanuatu. Port Vila, Vanuatu: Vanuatu National Statistics Office, 2012.

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2

Bonnemaison, Joël. Les fondements géographiques d'une identité: L'archipel du Vanuatu : essai de géographie culturelle. Paris: Éditions de l'ORSTOM, 1996.

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Smithy, Roger. National population and housing census 2009: Gender monograph : women and men in Vanuatu. Port Vila: Vanuatu National Statistics Office, 2011.

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Haberkorn, Gerald. Port Vila: Transit station or final stop? : recent developments in Ni-Vanuatu population mobility. Canberra: National Centre for Development Studies, The Australian Natioanl University, 1989.

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Abdel-Gadir, Faysal. Small island developing states: Human resources-population : to be presented at Port Vila, Vanuatu, 31 May-4 June 1993. Port Vila, Vanuatu: UNFPA South Pacific, 1993.

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Jayaraman, T. K. Demographic and socioeconomic determinants of contraceptive use among urban women in the Melanesian countries in the South Pacific: A case study of Port Vila Town in Vanuatu. Manila: Asian Development Bank, Economics and Development Resource Center, 1995.

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Willie, P. Vanuatu's population policy. [Vanuatu: s.n., 1999.

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Pakoa, Kalo. The status of sea cucumber fisheries and resources in Vanuatu. Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC), 2014.

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Schouw, R. J. Bevolking en voorzieningen in beweging: Een onderzoek naar de ontwikkelingen in de bevolkingsopbouw van grote en middelgrote steden en hun implicaties voor het voorzieningenapparaat vanuit een ruimtelijk perspectief. Delft: Delftse Universitaire Pers, 1986.

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Vanuatu. National Planning & Statistics Office. Statistics Office., ed. Vanuatu national population census: May 1989. Port Vila, Vanuatu: Statistics Office, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Vanuatu – Population"

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"Vanuatu." In World Population Prospects, 817–20. UN, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/2646c961-en.

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"Vanuatu." In World Population Policies 2017, 428–29. United Nations, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210049702c201.

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"Vanuatu." In World Population Policies 2015, 514–15. UN, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/10f76d27-en.

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"Vanuatu." In World Population Prospects 2017 - Volume II: Demographic Profiles, 821–24. United Nations, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210001021c235.

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"Vanuatu." In Statistical Papers - United Nations (Ser. A), Population and Vital Statistics Report, 526–27. UN, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/293272db-en.

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"Vanuatu." In Statistical Papers - United Nations (Ser. A), Population and Vital Statistics Report, 941–44. UN, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/968f06d1-en.

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Flicker, Leon, and Ngaire Kerse. "Population ageing in Oceania." In Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine, 55–62. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198701590.003.0008.

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The region of Oceania describes a collection of islands scattered throughout the Pacific Ocean between Asia and the Americas. The region is vast and largely covered by ocean. There are four subregions of this region including Australasia (Australia and New Zealand), Melanesia (Papua and New Guinea, Fiji, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, and New Caledonia), Micronesia (Federated States of Micronesia and Guam), and Polynesia (includes French Polynesia, Samoa, Tonga, Tokalau, and Niue). Australasia is relatively affluent and developed with an ageing population, whereas the other nations are of a developing nature with relatively younger populations but will face dramatic population ageing over the next 40 years. Australasia has well-developed services for older people. The Indigenous populations of Australasia have worse health outcomes than the non-Indigenous populations. However, outside Australasia there is an urgent need to develop health and community services for older people in the remainder of the region.

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Conference papers on the topic "Vanuatu – Population"

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Henjo, John Ken. "Enhancing Professional Skills of Staff at Ituani VCT through the TVET Professional Development Toolkit for the Pacific." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.8802.

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Informal studies in Vanuatu indicate that ICT training is promoted but centralized in the urban areas (Port Vila and Luganville), with 70 % of the population coming from rural communities to the urban areas just to access the ICT services. ltuani Vocational Skills Centre (VSC) was established in 2015 to take ICT services and training to rural and remote communities, targeting orphans; girls and women; and people with disabilities. Ituani VCT is the first rural training centre to be registered under the Vanuatu Qualification Authority (VQA) to deliver accredited computer courses through outreach program to target rural schools and communities called ICT to schools and communities. // The major challenges experienced in the outreach programme is the travelling situations, since the provinces and islands are scattered in six different provinces, making it difficult and costly to travel by air, sea, and land due to the bad conditions of the roads and sea. To address these challenges, blended learning approaches was identified as key ensure that the rural communities access the digital skills. Given that the trainers at Ituani did not have relevant skills for blended learning, the TVET Professional Development Online Toolkit for the Pacific was used as a basis for upskilling the staff. The Toolkit was developed through collaboration between the Commonwealth of Learning (COL) and the Pacific Centre for Flexible and Open Learning for Development (PACFOLD) with funding from the New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade. // Project team was set up, project design workshop was held to develop a detailed project plan, relevant stakeholders were identified and included in project activities. The Toolkit was used to identify training gaps among trainers and develop strategies for upskilling the trainers. Baseline data was collected, five(5)trainers including three(3) males and two (2) females were upskilled with support from COL consultants, the trainers conducted training to fifthy (50) learners including thirty (30) women/girls and twenty (20) men/boys using the knowledge and skills acquired for blended learning, and endline data was gathered, and the Vanuatu VQA recognized skills acquired through the outreach programme.

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Bray, Don E., and G. S. Gad. "Establishment of an NDE Center at the Papua New Guinea University of Technology: Scope and Objectives." In ASME 1997 Turbo Asia Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-aa-065.

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Papua New Guinea lies just north of Australia (Fig. 1). It is a developing island nation, with 462,839 km of land area, a population of 3.9 million people, and vast natural resources (Compton’s Interactive Encyclopedia, 1996). It is the largest island in the Oceania region of the world, which also includes Fiji, the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. Most of these islands share similar resources, and prudent development of the resources requires utilization of nondestructive evaluation (NDE). NDE provides the means for flaw detection and size assessment, as well as evaluation of material degradation such as corrosion and hydrogen attack. These are factors which affect the service life of components and systems. Being aware of the state of degradation of these components and systems will enable cost effective maintenance, and reduce costly and dangerous failures. Recognizing the need for NDE expertise, the Papua New Guinea University of Technology at Lae has initiated a Center for Nondestructive Evaluation. Once operational, the center should serve the entire Oceania region, and provide resources, trained students and expertise that will enable the growth of the NDE industry within that area. It is widely accepted that NDE adds value to a product or process, not just cost. The amount of value is directly related to the engineering education of the personnel making NDE decisions. The growth of the NDE industry in these South Pacific Islands will add to the economy, as well as aid in the further creation of a population of engineers who are well educated in NDE.

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