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Journal articles on the topic 'Vapor plume'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Zhu, Xiaojing, Weihui Xu, Weishu Wang, Xu Shi, Gang Chen, and Shifei Zhao. "The Design of a Vapor-Condensing Plume Abatement System and Devices for Mechanical Draft Cooling Towers." Water 12, no. 4 (2020): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041013.

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Cooling towers are widely used in many fields, but the generation of visible plumes has a serious impact on the environment. Moreover, the evaporation losses also cause a great waste of water. In this paper, a vapor-condensing plume abatement system was designed for a mechanical-draft cooling tower based on the mechanism of vapor plume generation. An effective method to achieve water-saving and eliminate the water fog generated in the cooling tower was proposed, and its feasibility was verified by using thermodynamic analysis. Next, the vapor-condensing plume abatement device was designed and

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2

Serra, P., J. Palau, M. Varela, J. Esteve, and J. L. Morenza. "Characterization of hydroxyapatite laser ablation plumes by fast intensified CCD-imaging." Journal of Materials Research 10, no. 2 (1995): 473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1995.0473.

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ArF excimer laser pulses (193 nm, 20 ns, 150 mJ) have been focused on a hydroxyapatite (HA) target in similar conditions to those normally used for thin film deposition. Fast intensified CCD images of HA laser ablation plumes have been taken in vacuum and under different water vapor pressures ranging from 0.01 mbar to 1 mbar. Images of HA ablation in vacuum have shown a plume freely expanding at a constant velocity of 2.3 × 106 cm/s. HA ablation under a water vapor pressure of 0.01 mbar has revealed an expansion behavior very similar to that of ablation in vacuum. Images taken under a water va

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3

Fiedler, V., F. Arnold, S. Ludmann, et al. "African biomass burning plumes over the Atlantic: aircraft based measurements and implications for H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and HNO<sub>3</sub> mediated smoke particle activation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 7 (2011): 3211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3211-2011.

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Abstract. Airborne measurements of trace gases and aerosol particles have been made in two aged biomass burning (BB) plumes over the East Atlantic (Gulf of Guinea). The plumes originated from BB in the Southern-Hemisphere African savanna belt. On the day of our measurements (13 August 2006), the plumes had ages of about 10 days and were respectively located in the middle troposphere (MT) at 3900–5500 m altitude and in the upper troposphere (UT) at 10 800–11 200 m. Probably, the MT plume was lifted by dry convection and the UT plume was lifted by wet convection. In the more polluted MT-plume, n

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Hansen, C. J. "Enceladus' Water Vapor Plume." Science 311, no. 5766 (2006): 1422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1121254.

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5

Wen, Qian, and Xiang Dong Gao. "Analysis of Characteristic of Metal Vapor Plume during High-Power Disc Laser Welding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 201-202 (October 2012): 1126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.201-202.1126.

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Metal vapor plume which induced during high power disc laser welding contains lots of information that related to the welding quality. Stainless steel 304 was taken as the experiment object for the high power disc laser welding experiment. A high-speed camera was used to capture the ultraviolet band and visible light band metal vapor plume images in the laser welding process. Image processing techniques such as median filtering, Wiener filtering, gray level threshold and image binarization were applied to get the images that only metal vapor plume was included. The ratio of the absolute value

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6

Fiedler, V., F. Arnold, S. Ludmann, et al. "African biomass burning plumes over the Atlantic: aircraft based measurements and implications for H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and HNO<sub>3</sub> mediated smoke particle activation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 3 (2010): 7699–743. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-7699-2010.

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Abstract. Airborne measurements of trace gases and aerosol particles have been made in two aged biomass burning (BB) plumes over the East Atlantic (Gulf of Guinea). The plumes originated from BB in the Southern Hemisphere African savanna belt. On the day of our measurements (13 August 2006), the plumes had ages of about 10 days and were respectively located in the middle troposphere (MT) at about 3000–5500 m altitude and in the upper troposphere (UT) at about 10 800–11 200 m. In the more polluted MT-plume, numerous measured trace species had markedly elevated abundances, particularly HNO3 (500

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7

Bian, Qijing, Shantanu H. Jathar, John K. Kodros, et al. "Secondary organic aerosol formation in biomass-burning plumes: theoretical analysis of lab studies and ambient plumes." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 8 (2017): 5459–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-5459-2017.

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Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) has been shown to form in biomass-burning emissions in laboratory and field studies. However, there is significant variability among studies in mass enhancement, which could be due to differences in fuels, fire conditions, dilution, and/or limitations of laboratory experiments and observations. This study focuses on understanding processes affecting biomass-burning SOA formation in laboratory smog-chamber experiments and in ambient plumes. Vapor wall losses have been demonstrated to be an important factor that can suppress SOA formation in laboratory s

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Kiefer, Caroline M., Craig B. Clements, and Brian E. Potter. "Application of a Mini Unmanned Aircraft System for In Situ Monitoring of Fire Plume Thermodynamic Properties." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 29, no. 3 (2012): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-11-00112.1.

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Abstract Direct measurements of wildland fire plume properties are rare because of difficult access to regions near the fire front and plume. Moisture released from combustion, in addition to added heat, can enhance buoyancy and convection, influencing fire behavior. In this study, a mini unmanned aircraft system (miniUAS) was used to obtain in situ measurements of temperature and relative humidity during a prescribed fire. The miniUAS was successfully maneuvered through the plume and its associated turbulence and provided observations of temperature and humidity profiles from near the centerl

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9

Stewart, Sarah T., Simon J. Lock, Philip J. Carter, Erik J. Davies, Michail I. Petaev, and Stein B. Jacobsen. "Planetesimal Impact Vapor Plumes and Nebular Shocks Form Chondritic Mixtures." Planetary Science Journal 6, no. 5 (2025): 108. https://doi.org/10.3847/psj/adbe71.

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Abstract The origin of chondrules and the chondritic sedimentary rocks that dominate the meteoritic record is a long-standing problem in planetary science. Here, we develop a physical model for the formation of chondritic mixtures as an outcome of vaporizing collisions between planetesimals that were dynamically excited by the growth and migration of planets. We present calculations of nebular shock waves generated by impact vapor plumes and focus on aspects of the plume interaction with the nebular gas and dust that have been neglected in previous studies of impact ejecta. We find that when w

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Setukha, A. V., and L. A. Shelygin. "Theoretical Basics for the Assessment of Wind Flow Aerodynamic Impact on the Facilities of Natural Gas Liquefaction and Refinement Plant." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 6 (June 2024): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2024-6-20-25.

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Leaks (spills) of liquefied gases evaporate rapidly on the ground (water) and initially generate a cold plume of heavy vapors. The plume spreads fast downwind, heats up with time, and can become positively volatile in case the concentration of interest for the study (above the lower flammability limit) is reached; therefore, the plume can rise and transform into a vapor cloud. The plume or the vapor cloud can ignite in the flash form. Such situations are possible at liquefied natural gas production plants or regasification units where large amounts of explosive substances are handled involving

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Hamadi, Farida, and El Hachemi Amara. "Effect of Argon Ambient Gas Pressure on Plume Expansion Dynamics." Advanced Materials Research 227 (April 2011): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.227.129.

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In this paper we present a numerical modeling of a nanosecond laser pulse interaction with a titanium target. We investigate the vapor plume formation and the influence of the ambient gas pressure on plume expansion dynamics. The vapor plume formation depends on the results of the heat transfer in the solid target modeling. The solid-liquid phase change is modeled by a two dimensional approach using an enthalpy formulation. The resulting plume expansion in the argon background gas is studied using the species transport model. The algebraic equations are discretized by the finite volume method

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12

Sahany, Sandeep, J. David Neelin, Katrina Hales, and Richard B. Neale. "Temperature–Moisture Dependence of the Deep Convective Transition as a Constraint on Entrainment in Climate Models." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 69, no. 4 (2012): 1340–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-0164.1.

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Abstract Properties of the transition to strong deep convection, as previously observed in satellite precipitation statistics, are analyzed using parcel stability computations and a convective plume velocity equation. A set of alternative entrainment assumptions yields very different characteristics of the deep convection onset boundary (here measured by conditional instability and plume vertical velocity) in a bulk temperature–water vapor thermodynamic plane. In observations the threshold value of column water vapor above which there is a rapid increase in precipitation, referred to as the cr

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13

Bredemeyer, Stefan, Franz-Georg Ulmer, Thor Hansteen, and Thomas Walter. "Radar Path Delay Effects in Volcanic Gas Plumes: The Case of Láscar Volcano, Northern Chile." Remote Sensing 10, no. 10 (2018): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10101514.

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Modern volcano monitoring commonly involves Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) measurements to identify ground motions caused by volcanic activity. However, InSAR is largely affected by changes in atmospheric refractivity, in particular by changes which can be attributed to the distribution of water (H2O) vapor in the atmospheric column. Gas emissions from continuously degassing volcanoes contain abundant water vapor and thus produce variations in the atmospheric water vapor content above and downwind of the volcano, which are notably well captured by short-wavelength X-band SAR

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14

Zhuang, Jiawei, Daniel J. Jacob, and Sebastian D. Eastham. "The importance of vertical resolution in the free troposphere for modeling intercontinental plumes." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 8 (2018): 6039–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6039-2018.

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Abstract. Chemical plumes in the free troposphere can preserve their identity for more than a week as they are transported on intercontinental scales. Current global models cannot reproduce this transport. The plumes dilute far too rapidly due to numerical diffusion in sheared flow. We show how model accuracy can be limited by either horizontal resolution (Δx) or vertical resolution (Δz). Balancing horizontal and vertical numerical diffusion, and weighing computational cost, implies an optimal grid resolution ratio (Δx ∕ Δz)opt ∼ 1000 for simulating the plumes. This is considerably higher than

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15

Randel, William J., Benjamin R. Johnston, John J. Braun, et al. "Stratospheric Water Vapor from the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai Volcanic Eruption Deduced from COSMIC-2 Radio Occultation." Remote Sensing 15, no. 8 (2023): 2167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15082167.

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The eruption of the Hunga Tonga–Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) volcano on 15 January 2022 injected large amounts of water vapor (H2O) directly into the stratosphere. While normal background levels of stratospheric H2O are not detectable in radio occultation (RO) measurements, effects of the HTHH eruption are clearly observed as anomalous refractivity profiles from COSMIC-2, suggesting the possibility of detecting the HTHH H2O signal. To separate temperature and H2O effects on refractivity, we use co-located temperature observations from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) to constrain a simplified H2O retr

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16

Sorenson, Blake T., Jeffrey S. Reid, Jianglong Zhang, Robert E. Holz, William L. Smith Sr., and Amanda Gumber. "Thermal infrared observations of a western United States biomass burning aerosol plume." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 2 (2024): 1231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-1231-2024.

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Abstract. Biomass burning smoke particles, due to their submicron particle size in relation to the average thermal infrared (TIR) wavelength, theoretically have negligible signals at the TIR channels. However, nearly instantaneous longwave (LW) signatures of thick smoke plumes can be frequently observed at the TIR channels from remotely sensed data, including at 10.6 µm (IR window), as well as in water-vapor-sensitive wavelengths at 7.3, 6.8, and 6.3 µm (e.g., lower, middle, and upper troposphere). We systematically evaluated multiple hypotheses as to causal factors of these IR signatures of b

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17

POVITSKY, ALEX. "FLUID DYNAMICS ISSUES IN SYNTHESIS OF CARBON NANOTUBES." International Journal of Nanoscience 04, no. 01 (2005): 73–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x0500295x.

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The majority of carbon nanotubes' synthesis processes occur in the presence of fluid (liquid, gas, plasma, or multi-phase flow) that may function as a carrier of catalyst particles, feedstock of carbon, and the heating or cooling agent. The fluid motion defines the temperature of catalyst particles and the local chemical composition of the fluid that determines the success of synthesis of high-purity nanotubes. In this review paper, the laser ablation process, high-pressure carbon oxide process, and chemical vapor deposition process are considered from the prospective of fluid dynamics modelin

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18

Miller, Steven D., Louie D. Grasso, Qijing Bian, et al. "<i>A Tale of Two Dust Storms</i>: analysis of a complex dust event in the Middle East." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12, no. 9 (2019): 5101–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-5101-2019.

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Abstract. Lofted mineral dust over data-sparse regions presents considerable challenges to satellite-based remote sensing methods and numerical weather prediction alike. The southwest Asia domain is replete with such examples, with its diverse array of dust sources, dust mineralogy, and meteorologically driven lofting mechanisms on multiple spatial and temporal scales. A microcosm of these challenges occurred over 3–4 August 2016 when two dust plumes, one lofted within an inland dry air mass and another embedded within a moist air mass, met over the southern Arabian Peninsula. Whereas conventi

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19

Gallagher, Neal B., Barry M. Wise, and David M. Sheen. "Error Analysis for Estimation of Trace Vapor Concentration Pathlength in Stack Plumes." Applied Spectroscopy 57, no. 6 (2003): 614–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370203322005283.

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Near-infrared hyperspectral imaging is finding utility in remote sensing applications such as detection and quantification of chemical vapor effluents in stack plumes. Optimizing the sensing system or quantification algorithms is difficult because reference images are rarely well characterized. The present work uses a radiance model for a down-looking scene and a detailed noise model for dispersive and Fourier transform spectrometers to generate well-characterized synthetic data. These data were used with a classical least-squares-based estimator in an error analysis to obtain estimates of dif

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Hirata, R. C. A., and R. W. Cleary. "The Use of Soil-Gas Sampling in the Study of Groundwater Pollution by Volatile Solvents (VOC): The Example of the Porto Feliz (São Paulo, Brazil) Case." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 11 (1991): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0345.

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In 1983, a serious accident occurred in Porto Feliz, São Paulo, Brazil when the rupture of a storage tank released 400,000 litres of volatile organic solvents. A large portion of the underlying aquifer was contaminated including some deep wells and shallow hand-dug wells. Soil-gas sampling was the technique used to evaluate the degree and extent of contamination. The method is based on the analysis of small quantities of soil vapors extracted at shallow depths. The origin of these vapors is the underlying contaminated groundwater and the vapor concentration distribution reflects the degree and

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Mihai, Sabin, Diana Chioibasu, Muhammad Arif Mahmood, Liviu Duta, Marc Leparoux, and Andrei C. Popescu. "Real-Time Defects Analyses Using High-Speed Imaging during Aluminum Magnesium Alloy Laser Welding." Metals 11, no. 11 (2021): 1877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11111877.

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In this study a continuous wave Ytterbium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Yb: YAG) disk laser has been used for welding of AlMg3 casted alloy. A high-speed imaging camera has been employed to record hot vapor plume features during the process. The purpose was to identify a mechanism of pores detection in real-time based on correlations between metallographic analyses and area/intensity of the hot vapor in various locations of the samples. The pores formation and especially the position of these pores had to be kept under control in order to weld thick samples. Based on the characterization of t

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Podrabinnik, Pavel A., Alexander E. Shtanko, Roman S. Khmyrov, Andrey D. Korotkov, and Andrey V. Gusarov. "Interferometry of Gas-Phase Flows during Selective Laser Melting." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (2019): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010231.

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Gas-phase flows occurring in a plume in a processing zone during selective laser melting (SLM) can significantly affect the quality of the process. To further enhance SLM performance, the characteristics of the flows should be considered. In this article, the vapor-gas jet emerging from the laser processing zone was studied. It was visualized by interferometry to evaluate flow velocity, geometry and changes in refractory index depending on laser power. The velocity and pressure fields of the vapor jet and the entrained ambient gas were estimated by mathematical modeling. It was shown that the

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Tanaka, K. A., A. Hassanein, Y. Hirooka, et al. "Carbon Plume Stagnation: Platform for Vapor Shield Study." Fusion Science and Technology 60, no. 1 (2011): 329–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst11-a12374.

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Wen, Qian, and Xiang Dong Gao. "Analysis of Image Characteristics of Plume and Spatter of High Power Disk Laser Welding Based on K-L Transform." Advanced Materials Research 532-533 (June 2012): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.532-533.330.

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Metal vapor plume and spatters are the important phenomena in the process of high power disk laser welding, and there exists a close relationship with the welding stability. The images of metal vapor plume and spatters which captured by a high speed camera during high power disk laser welding were analyzed in this experiment. Image processing techniques such as median filtering, Wiener filtering, gray level threshold and lightness transform were used to process the images so that the image characteristic parameters such as the area and number of spatters in an image, the average gray, mean val

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Puretzky, A. A., D. B. Geohegan, G. B. Hurst, M. V. Buchanan, and B. S. Luk'yanchuk. "Imaging of Vapor Plumes Produced by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption: A Plume Sharpening Effect." Physical Review Letters 83, no. 2 (1999): 444–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.83.444.

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Pistone, Kristina, Paquita Zuidema, Robert Wood, et al. "Exploring the elevated water vapor signal associated with the free tropospheric biomass burning plume over the southeast Atlantic Ocean." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 12 (2021): 9643–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-9643-2021.

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Abstract. In southern Africa, widespread agricultural fires produce substantial biomass burning (BB) emissions over the region. The seasonal smoke plumes associated with these emissions are then advected westward over the persistent stratocumulus cloud deck in the southeast Atlantic (SEA) Ocean, resulting in aerosol effects which vary with time and location. Much work has focused on the effects of these aerosol plumes, but previous studies have also described an elevated free tropospheric water vapor signal over the SEA. Water vapor influences climate in its own right, and it is especially imp

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Kerfoot, William B., and Jon R. Soderberg. "PNEUMATIC HAMMER SOIL VAPOR PROBES AND MINIATURE PIEZOMETERS FOR GASOLINE SPILL DELINEATION AND CLEANUP." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1989, no. 1 (1989): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1989-1-115.

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ABSTRACT In a new twist on an old procedure, pneumatically injected miniature well points may change soil investigations much as nail guns have changed carpentry. Soil vapor analysis has increasingly gained attention as a means of locating and monitoring subsurface gasoline spills. Accurate depiction of the plume position requires reproducible vapor detection and monitoring. In addition, static water level needs to be determined to understand flow direction. Miniature aluminum slitted well points can be mass-produced by computer-aided production facilities to create low-cost identical copies a

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Fiedler, V., F. Arnold, H. Schlager, A. Dörnbrack, L. Pirjola, and A. Stohl. "East Asian SO<sub>2</sub> pollution plume over Europe – Part 2: Evolution and potential impact." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 14 (2009): 4729–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4729-2009.

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Abstract. We report on the first observation-based case study of an aged East Asian anthropogenic SO2 pollution plume over Europe. Our airborne measurements in that plume detected highly elevated SO2 mole fractions (up to 900 pmol/mol) between about 5000 and 7000 m altitude. Here, we focus on investigations of the origin, dispersion, evolution, conversion, and potential impact of the observed excess SO2. In particular, we investigate SO2 conversion to gas-phase sulfuric acid and sulfuric acid aerosols. Our FLEXPART and LAGRANTO model simulations, along with additional trace gas measurements, s

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Liu, Gui Qian, and Xiang Dong Gao. "Investigation of Image Characteristics of Plume and Spatters during High-Power Disk Laser Welding." Advanced Materials Research 709 (June 2013): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.709.301.

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During high-power laser welding process, the workpiece produces metal vapor because of the laser irradiation. The characteristics of metal vapor are related to the quality and stability of welding and the utilization of the laser power. An approach of analyzing the characteristics of metal vapor was researched during high-power disk laser bead-on-plate welding of Type 304 austenitic stainless steel plates at a continuous wave laser power of 10 kW. A high-speed photography was used to capture metal vapor dynamic images. Metal vapor area, beam path, swing angle are calculated by image processing

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Tseng, Wei-Ling, Ian-Lin Lai, Hsiang-Wen Hsu, Wing-Huen Ip, and Jong-Shinn Wu. "Surface Deposition of Icy Dust Entrained in Europa’s Plumes." Planetary Science Journal 6, no. 4 (2025): 90. https://doi.org/10.3847/psj/adc006.

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Abstract Europa, an icy moon of Jupiter, features complex surface characteristics shaped by tidal forces and interactions with its subsurface ocean, making it a key target for astrobiology research. Outgassing plumes have been reported using Earth-based observations and in situ Galileo mission data, though the nature of plumes on Europa remains largely unknown. This study investigates the dynamics of dust entrained in Europa’s water vapor plumes, which is crucial for understanding surface evolution and subsurface interactions. We employ the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method to simulate thes

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Essien, M., and D. M. Keicher. "Enhanced imaging of a pulsed Nd:YAG metal vapor plume." Journal of Laser Applications 10, no. 2 (1998): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.521832.

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Thorpe, Andrew K., Christian Frankenberg, David R. Thompson, et al. "Airborne DOAS retrievals of methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor concentrations at high spatial resolution: application to AVIRIS-NG." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 10, no. 10 (2017): 3833–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3833-2017.

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Abstract. At local scales, emissions of methane and carbon dioxide are highly uncertain. Localized sources of both trace gases can create strong local gradients in its columnar abundance, which can be discerned using absorption spectroscopy at high spatial resolution. In a previous study, more than 250 methane plumes were observed in the San Juan Basin near Four Corners during April 2015 using the next-generation Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS-NG) and a linearized matched filter. For the first time, we apply the iterative maximum a posteriori differential optical absorp

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Wang, Teng, and Xiang Dong Gao. "Color Image Segmentation of Plume for Monitoring Disk Laser Welding Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 201-202 (October 2012): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.201-202.166.

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During deep penetration laser welding, changes in the metal vapor plume contain information about the stability of welding process. A high-speed camera was used to online monitor the welding process in order to detect the laser welding defects. A color segmentation clustering algorithm based on HSI color space was proposed for processing the recorded welding sequences. The effectiveness of algorithms based on different model is discussed, welding experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm could achieve better image segmentation, and it highlighted the edge of the metal vapor detai

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Raja Kumar, M., JM Jouvard, I. Tomashchuk, and P. Sallamand. "Vapor plume and melted zone behavior during dissimilar laser welding of titanium to aluminum alloy." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 234, no. 5 (2020): 681–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420720907936.

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The present study deals with continuous Yb:YAG laser welding of pure titanium to aluminum alloy A5754 performed with different beam offsets to the joint line. Spectroscopic and morphological characterization of vapor plume exiting the keyhole was combined with post-mortem observation and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis of the welds. The laser beam centered on the joint line resulted in periodic transversal inclination of a vapor jet on the aluminum side associated with a local increase of melt width and an intense spatter formation. Such behavior can be attributed to the in

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Thareja, Raj K., A. Mohanta, D. Yadav, and A. Kushwaha. "Synthesis and Characterization of Nanoparticles and Nanocrystalline Functional Films." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 709–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.709.

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This work reports on spectroscopic investigations of interaction of an expanding laser ablated plume of aluminum, zinc, graphite with ambient atmosphere of oxygen and nitrogen gas and the formation of nitrides and oxides. The ambient pressure and fluence dependence on the reactive process occurring in the ablated plume responsible for formation of oxides and nitrides is discussed. Fast photography/imaging technique using intensified charge coupled device (ICCD) is gaining importance as a diagnostic tool for understanding the dynamics of the expanding plasma plume and the gas phase nanoparticle

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Vömel, Holger, Stephanie Evan, and Matt Tully. "Water vapor injection into the stratosphere by Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai." Science 377, no. 6613 (2022): 1444–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abq2299.

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Large volcanic eruptions, although rare events, can influence the chemistry and the dynamics of the stratosphere for several years after the eruption. Here we show that the eruption of the submarine volcano Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai on 15 January 2022 injected at least 50 teragrams of water vapor directly into the stratosphere. This event raised the amount of water vapor in the developing stratospheric plume by several orders of magnitude and possibly increased the amount of global stratospheric water vapor by more than 5%. This extraordinary eruption may have initiated an atmospheric response

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Sharma, H., M. M. Hedman, and S. Vahidinia. "New Insights into Variations in Enceladus Plume Particle Launch Velocities from Cassini-VIMS Spectral Data." Planetary Science Journal 4, no. 6 (2023): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/acd5d4.

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Abstract Enceladus’s plume consists mainly of a mixture of water vapor and solid ice particles that may originate from a subsurface ocean. The physical processes underlying Enceladus’s plume particle dynamics are still being debated, and quantifying the particles’ size distribution and launch velocities can help constrain these processes. Cassini’s Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer observed the Enceladus plume over a wavelength range of 0.9–5.0 μm for a significant fraction of Enceladus’s orbital period on three dates in the summer of 2017. We find that the relative brightness of the pl

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Shcheglov, P. Yu, A. V. Gumenyuk, I. B. Gornushkin, M. Rethmeier, and V. N. Petrovskiy. "Vapor–plasma plume investigation during high-power fiber laser welding." Laser Physics 23, no. 1 (2012): 016001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1054-660x/23/1/016001.

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Powell, A., P. Minson, G. Trapaga, and U. Pal. "Mathematical modeling of vapor-plume focusing in electron-beam evaporation." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 32, no. 8 (2001): 1959–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-001-0008-y.

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Ebel, Denton S., and Lawrence Grossman. "Spinel-bearing spherules condensed from the Chicxulub impact-vapor plume." Geology 33, no. 4 (2005): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g21136.1.

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Shusser, Michael. "Kinetic Theory Analysis of Laser Ablation of Carbon." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 7 (2008): 3781–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.15838.

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The paper presents a model of ablation of carbon by a nanosecond laser pulse that considers the kinetics of the process. The model approximates the process as sublimation and combines conduction heat transfer in the target with the gas dynamics of the ablated plume which are coupled through the boundary conditions at the interface. The ablated mass flux and the temperature of the ablating material are obtained from the conservation relations at the interface derived from the momentum solution of the Boltzmann equation for arbitrary strong evaporation. The effects of laser intensity and ambient

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AFANASIEV, Y. V., V. A. ISAKOV, I. N. ZAVESTOVSKAYA, B. N. CHICHKOV, F. VON ALVENSLEBEN, and H. WELLING. "Hydrodynamic model for UV laser ablation of polymers." Laser and Particle Beams 17, no. 4 (1999): 585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034699174019.

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The applicability of hydrodynamic models for theoretical description of UV laser ablation of polymers is studied. The plume formation is considered as a first-kind phase transition. In case of strongly absorbing polymers this phase transition occurs as a surface evaporation, and in case of weakly absorbing polymers as a bulk evaporation. The vapor plume is assumed to be transparent for laser radiation, and its expansion is described by the isoentropic hydrodynamic equations. New analytical expressions for ablation (etch) depths per pulse are obtained, which are in good agreement with the avail

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Chen, W. L., W. H. Huang, and W. H. Lai. "Investigation of flow characteristics of various-aspect-ratio rectangular nozzles with an aft deck." Shock Waves 34, no. 6 (2024): 527–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-024-01188-z.

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AbstractThis study presents an experimental and numerical investigation to characterize the plume pattern of a high-aspect-ratio rectangular convergent/divergent nozzle with an aft deck in under-expanded conditions. The function of an aft deck is to shield the infrared signal of an exhaust plume at its strongest intensity located at the immediate downstream region of the nozzle exit. However, this practice may cause undesirable plume deflection, which needs to be reduced as much as possible. The nozzle pressure ratios ranged from 2 to 4, and the effect of the nozzle exit aspect ratio was exami

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Asmann, Marcus, Robert F. Cook, Joachim V. Heberlein, and Emil Pfender. "Chemical vapor deposition of an aluminum nitride–diamond composite in a triple torch plasma reactor." Journal of Materials Research 16, no. 2 (2001): 469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0070.

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An aluminum nitride–diamond composite has been produced by sequential deposition of AlN and diamond in a triple torch plasma reactor (TTPR). AlN was deposited from AlN powder by injection into the argon–nitrogen, converging plasma plume of a TTPR. Velocity and temperature profiles of the converging plasma plume, obtained by enthalpy probe measurements, were used to show that the powder decomposed prior to reaching the substrate. Diamond was deposited in an argon–hydrogen–methane system onto the existing AlN film. Characterization of an AlN–diamond–AlN composite indicated a Vickers hardness of

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Ho, W. F., C. W. Ng, and N. H. Cheung. "Spectrochemical Analysis of Liquids Using Laser-Induced Plasma Emissions: Effects of Laser Wavelength." Applied Spectroscopy 51, no. 1 (1997): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702971938812.

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The plasma plume emissions produced by pulsed (∼ 10 ns) laser ablation of liquid jets were monitored for spectrochemical analysis. Laser wavelengths at 532 and 193 nm were used, and sodium was the test analyte. As expected, the 532-nm laser pulse produced very intense plasma continuum emissions that masked the sodium signal for the first hundred nanoseconds, especially near the bright core of the vapor plume. Neither time-gating nor spatial masking could significantly improve the single-shot signal-to-noise ratio, since the transient nature of the emissions placed stringent demands on timing p

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DWIVEDI, ASHUTOSH. "RECENT ADVANCES IN PULSED LASER ABLATED PLASMA PLUMES: A REVIEW." Surface Review and Letters 14, no. 01 (2007): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x07009074.

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Pulsed laser ablation is a process in which an intense laser pulse interacts with the matter producing plasma. The present work describes the theoretical work being conducted in the past for the pulsed laser ablation phenomenon. It incorporates the theoretical models being proposed by various researchers around the globe for pulsed laser ablation. The main processes involved in the laser–matter interaction leading to plasma plume formation are the absorption and the reflection of the incident laser light by the condensed phase, ablation of the condensed phase, absorption of the laser light wit

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Fiedler, V., F. Arnold, H. Schlager, and L. Pirjola. "Chinese SO<sub>2</sub> pollution over Europe – Part 2: Simulation of aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei formation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 1 (2009): 2763–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-2763-2009.

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Abstract. We report on sulfur dioxide (SO2) induced formation of aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei in an SO2 rich aged (9 days) pollution plume of Chinese origin, which we have detected at 5–7 km altitude during a research aircraft mission over the East Atlantic off the West coast of Ireland. Building on our measurements of SO2 and other trace gases along with plume trajectory simulations, we have performed model simulations of SO2 induced formation of gaseous sulfuric acid (GSA, H2SO4) followed by GSA induced formation and growth of aerosol particles. We find that efficient photochemical

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Sobecki, Christopher, Alfred Garrett, Brian d’Entremont, Ryan Connal, and Sebastian Aleman. "Assessment of Mechanical Draft Cooling Tower Thermal Emissions from Visual Images of Plumes." Atmosphere 14, no. 4 (2023): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14040754.

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Using a one-dimensional code, we computed the power (enthalpy discharge rate) of a twelve-cell mechanical draft cooling tower (MDCT) using over two hundred visible condensed water vapor plume volume measurements derived from images, weather data, and tower operating conditions. The plume images were simultaneously captured by multiple stationary digital cameras surrounding the cooling tower. An analysis technique combining structure from motion (SfM), a neural-network-based image segmentation algorithm, and space carving was used to quantify the volumes. Afterwards, the power output was comput

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Liang, Jian Jun, Yang Du, Yi Hong Ou, Xin Sheng Jiang, Hai Bing Qian, and Pei Wen Wang. "Experimental Visualization Study on the Explosion Process of Gasoline Vapor in Narrowly-Confined Space." Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (September 2013): 2108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.2108.

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In this paper, experimental study on gasoline vapor explosion was conducted with data acquisition technology of high-speed camera. In the experiments, the flame behaviors and the flow field movements were shot by the high-speed camera, the space pressure were recorded by high-speed dynamic tester, and the explosion process were analyzed refinedly and intuitively. Studies have shown that according to variations of flame behaviors and pressure characteristics, process of gasoline vapor explosion can be divided into four stages: the ignition stage, the development stage, the intensification stage

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Popel, S. I., and A. A. Gisko. "Charged dust and shock phenomena in the Solar System." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 13, no. 2 (2006): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-13-223-2006.

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Abstract. The results on shock phenomena in dusty plasmas of the Solar System are reviewed. The problems of dust ion acoustic bow shock in interaction of the solar wind with dusty cometary coma and formation of transient atmospheres of atmosphereless cosmic bodies such as Moon, Mercury, asteroids and comets are considered. The latter assumes the evolution of meteoroid impact plumes and production of charged dust grains due to the condensation of both the plume substance and the vapor thrown from the crater and the surrounding regolith layer. Physical phenomena occurring during large meteoroid

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