Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vapour density'
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Marzougui, Jaafar Salsabil. "Transfert d'un composé organo-chloré depuis une zone source localisée en zone non saturée d'un aquifère poreux vers l'interface sol-air : expérimentations et modélisations associées." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAH003/document.
Full textTwo experiments were conducted on the experimental platform "SCERES" to assess the TCE vapour concentrations and fluxes in SCERES with two concrete slabs installed, one after the other, on the ground surface. This artificial aquifer is a large scale (25 x 12 x 3 m3) heterogeneous porous medium. The results showed that the TCE vapour plume covers most of the basin 3 weeks after the creation of the TCE source area in unsaturated zone. The heterogeneity of SCERES has generated a non uniform vertical distribution of the TCE vapour concentration. Simulation of vapour plume in SCERES was carried out by the multiphase code "SIMUSCOPP".The presence in SCERES of a low permeability and low diffusive medium compared to the sand in the basin,as a concrete slab, constituted a "barrier" for the transfer of TCE vapour to the interface concrete slab / atmosphere. To better quantify the TOE fluxes through the concrete slab, a study of diffusion coefficient and permeability of both concrete slabs was done. An upward vertical movement of the water table has generated a strong soil air pressure driving gradient, which led to a strong increase in the TCE vapour concentrations near the surface which has increased the vapour fluxes at the interface soil / atmosphere. Quantification of vapour fluxes at the interfaces soil / atmosphere and concrete slab / atmosphere was performed using a semi analytical approach based onFick's and Darcy's laws by taking into account both the effect of the driving pressure gradient and the effect of density vapour on the vapour transfer towards the soil surface.The intrusion of TCE vapours into the model building installed on the concrete slab was generated by creating a vacuum. The results showed that, during the TCE vapour suction from the model building, the concentration of TCE vapours under the concrete slab and in the building increases. Simulation of vapour intrusion into indoor air was done by the computational Multiphysics code "COMSOL", allowing simulation of the evolution of the vapour concentration obtained experimentally in the building. Il was shown that they depend directly on the spatial-temporal variation of the mass flux through the slab
Van, Regemorter Tanguy. "The Influence of Dopants on the Growth of Diamond by CVD." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för materialkemi, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9539.
Full textArvidsson, Igor. "Theoretical Investigations of Boron Related Materials Using DFT." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Materials Chemistry, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7889.
Full textIn the history of Chemistry, materials chemists have developed their ideas mainly by doing experiments in laboratories. The underlying motivation for this laboratory work has generally been pure curiosity or the ambition to find a solution to a specific problem. Minor changes in the composition or structure of a material can cause major changes in its properties. The development of powerful computers has now opened up the possibility to calculate properties of new materials using quantum mechanical methods.
The Chemistry of different boron-related materials has been evaluated in this thesis by Density Functional Theory (DFT). Cubic boron nitride (c-BN) is a most interesting material for the microelectronics and tool industry. During thin film deposition of c-BN, several problems arise which most often result in unwanted BN isomorphs. Chemical processes at the (110) and (111) surface of c-BN have been investigated in order to shed light upon some of these complex processes. Typically adsorption energies and surface reconstruction were found to differ significantly between the two surfaces.
Other materials investigated are layered transition-metal diborides (MeB2). Incorporation of transition-metal atoms into elemental boron in its most fundamental structure, ά-boron, has also been investigated. The calculations on MeB2 focused on the stability of the planar compared to the puckered structure of MeB2. Stability was investigated by calculating Density of States (DOS) and bond populations. Deviations in the cell parameters from their ideal values were also considered.
A separate project concerned reactivity of the TiB2(001) surface. Molecular and dissociated adsorption energies and adsorption geometries were calculated for H2, H2O and O2. It was concluded that the titanium surface was more reactive than the boron surface and that the adsorption energies were comparable to or stronger than other well known surface-active compounds like TiO2.
Li, Hailong. "Thermodynamic Properties of CO2 Mixtures and Their Applications in Advanced Power Cycles with CO2 Capture Processes." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Energiprocesser, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9109.
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Gill, Yasir Q. "Preparation and characterization of polyethylene based nanocomposites for potential applications in packaging." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/18052.
Full textAtwa, Mohamed. "Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth and Density Functional Theory Calculations of Trilayer Graphene." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-206117.
Full textMairhofer, Jonas [Verfasser], and Joachim [Akademischer Betreuer] Groß. "Modeling properties of the vapor-liquid interface using classical density functional theory and density gradient theory / Jonas Mairhofer ; Betreuer: Joachim Groß." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1179185234/34.
Full textLucivero, Vito Giovanni. "Quantum metrology with high-density atomic vapors and squeezed states of light." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/403962.
Full textHoy en día existe un considerable progreso en la magnetometría óptica y espectroscopía de ruido de espin, que utilizan conjuntos atómicos magnéticamente sensibles y lectura óptica, acercándose a los límites establecidos por la mecánica cuántica. En los últimos años los magnetómetros ópticos se han convertido en los instrumentos más sensibles para medir los campos magnéticos de baja frecuencia, logrando sensibilidad de sub-femtotesla y superando dispositivos como los superconductores de interferencia cuántica (SQUID), y han encontrado aplicaciones en biomedicina, geofísica, ciencia espacial, así como en varias pruebas de física fundamental. Otra técnica emergente es la espectroscopía de ruido de espin (SNS), que permite determinar las propiedades físicas de un sistema de espin sin perturbarlo por medio de su espectro de potencia de ruido. En la última década, los avances tecnológicos como analizadores de espectro en tiempo real y detectores limitados por el ruido de disparo de fotón han permitido mejoras en la sensibilidad de detección de ruido de spin que conduce a una amplia gama de aplicaciones tanto en la física del estado sólido como en la física atómica. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es responder a una cuestión pendiente e importante: si la "luz comprimida" puede mejorar la sensibilidad de los sensores atómicos en condiciones óptimas para la sensibilidad, típicamente en un régimen de alta densidad debido a la ventaja estadística de utilizar más átomos. En primer lugar, se describe el diseño, construcción y caracterización de un nuevo aparato experimental versátil para el estudio de la espectroscopia atómica con luz comprimida dentro de un régimen de alta densidad (n=¿10¿^12 ¿cm¿^(-3)) y bajo nivel de ruido magnético (¿pT/vHz). El nuevo sistema experimental se combina con una fuente existente de luz comprimida en polarización, basado en el proceso de conversión paramétrica espontánea descendente (SPDC) en un cristal no lineal, que es el medio activo de un oscilador paramétrico óptico. En segundo lugar, se presenta la primera demostración experimental de espectroscopía de espin de Rubidio, en abundancia natural, mejorada a través de la compresión en polarización de la luz de prueba. Se encontró que la entrada de 3.0 dB de luz comprimida mejora la relación señal-ruido de 1.5 dB a 2.6 dB en el intervalo combinado (potencia óptica)¿(densidad atómica) de (0.5 mW to 4.0 mW) ¿ (1.5׿10¿^12 ¿cm¿^(-3) to 1.3׿10¿^13 ¿cm¿^(-3)), que cubre rangos utilizados en los experimentos optimizados de espectroscopía de ruido de espin. También mostramos que la luz comprimida mejora el equilibrio entre la sensibilidad estadística y efectos de ampliación de la resonancia. A continuación, se introduce un nuevo modelo teórico con la definición de un límite cuántico estándar (SQL) para la espectroscopía de ruido detectado ópticamente, identificado como un límite a la covarianza de los parámetros estimados mediante el ajuste de los espectros de potencia de ruido. Probamos el modelo para la espectroscopia de ruido de espin en abundancia natural de rubidio y demostramos el rendimiento experimental de la espectroscopia de ruido al límite cuántico estándar para una haz coherente y por debajo del SQL para una haz de luz comprimida en polarización. Por último, se presenta un magnetómetro óptico basado en rotación óptica modulada en amplitud (AMOR), utilizando una celda de vapor de 85Rb, que logra sensibilidad a la temperatura ambiente de 70 fT/vHz a 7.6 µT y demostramos su limite de ruido de disparo de fotón (SNL) en el intervalo de 5 µT a 75 µT. Si bien no se utilizaron recursos cuánticos de la luz en este segundo experimento, la combinación de la mejor sensibilidad, en la clase de los magnetómetros escalares de temperatura ambiente, y con operación al limite de ruido de disparo hace que el sistema sea un candidato prometedor para la aplicación de luz comprimida a un magnetómetro óptico optimizado con mejor sensibilidad en la clase
Karlsson, Johan. "Theoretical Routes for c-BN Thin Film Growth." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Oorganisk kemi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-191181.
Full textStephan, Simon [Verfasser], and Hans [Akademischer Betreuer] Hasse. "Vapor-Liquid Interfaces: Molecular Simulation, Density Gradient Theory, and Experiments / Simon Stephan ; Betreuer: Hans Hasse." Kaiserslautern : Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1218530391/34.
Full textCall, Robert Welch. "The Effect of Growth Parameters on the Height and Density of Carbon Nanotube Forests." DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1261.
Full textLee, Jong-Heon. "Preparation of high density particulate preforms and their consolidation by the thermal gradient-forced flow diamond CVI process." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/32811.
Full textPires, Fabrice. "Etude de diélectriques à faible permittivité destinés à l'isolation des niveaux d'interconnexions de circuits intégrés de haute densité." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0072.
Full textThis work presents a study of materials with low permittivity for the insulation of interconnections of integrated circuits. Three materials have been particularly evaluated: a) the fluorinated silicon oxide (SiOF) deposited by PECVD and HDPCVD, b) the methyl-silsesquioxane (MSQ) deposited by spincoating, and c) the hydrogensilsesquioxane (HSQ) also deposited by spin-coating. In the case of SiOF, we have demonstrated that the material stability increases with the density and decreases with the fluorine concentration. So the material stability can be obtained only for a relative permittivity above 3. 6, which is too high. In the case of MSQ, the thermal stability has been checked but the material is degraded by the basic solutions of stripping processes or by the oxidative plasmas. So new processes inducing less degradations have been developed but the improvements remain insufficient. Finally for HSQ, we have proved that etching and stripping processes previously optimized with the MSQ give good results, and allow to conserve the low permittivity of HSQ (3. 0). Moreover a molecutar simulation study has allowed to precise the mechanisms explaining the reduction of silsesquioxane permittivities. In conclusion, the ability of the material to be integrated in interconnection structures has been demonstrated, and the process transferred to the production unity
Sun, Grace Siswanto. "Simulations of platinum growth on Pt(111) using density functional theory and kinetic monte carlo simulations /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9672.
Full textLong, Garrett Earle. "Comparative Surface Tension Predictions via Grand Canonical Transition Matrix Monte Carlo Simulation." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1533206970884063.
Full textMarboutin, Yves. "Contribution à l'étude et à l'optimisation d'une torche à plasma à arc non transféré." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF22256/document.
Full textThe context of this thesis is the production of hydrogen as an energy vector by steam thermolysis consisting in the dissociation of H2O molecule into oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H). The process used is a plasma torch device developed by the LAEPT. After presenting the theory of plasma physics and atomic emission spectroscopy which will help to make the most of the measured realized, this thesis will show the evolution of the plasma torch device and the experimental environment required to work with explosive and unstable gases. Some measurements like electrical, hydraulic and spectroscopy magnitudes made it possible to determine the chemical and physical characteristics of a water vapor – argon plasma. A comparison between experiments and theoretical knowledge will enable to determine the temperature of a flow of plasma, electrical conductivity, enthalpy and the electronic density
Sivira, Figueroa Ramsès Gregorio. "Exploitation des mesures "vapeur d'eau" du satellite Megha-Tropiques pour l'élaboration d'un algorithme de restitution de profils associés aux fonctions de densité de probabilité de l'erreur conditionnelle." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066723.
Full textWe designed a methodology that allows us to develop a purely statistic water vapor profile restitution algorithm from Megha-Tropiques SAPHIR and MADRAS instruments with synthetic observations, and specially to quantify the restitution of conditional uncertainties. Three statistical models were optimized using this learning database to estimate seven layers tropospheric water vapor profiles and their conditional error probability density function (pdf). The optimized models lead us to conclude a model-independency restitution accuracy and this accuracy is directly related to physical constraints. Also, maximal precision was achieved in mid-tropospheric layers (maximal bias: 2. 2% and maximal correlation coefficient: 0. 87) while extreme layers show degraded precision values (at surface and the top of the troposphere, maximal bias: 6. 92 associated to a fort dispersion with correlation coefficient: 0. 58), this behavior could be explained by instrumental information lack. From conditional error probability functions, knowing observed brightness temperatures, humidity confidence intervals were estimated by each layer. The two hypotheses were tested and we obtained better results from the Gaussian Hypothesis. This methodology was tested using real data and results are consistent with the learning database with better accuracy (bias: -5. 77%) at mid-tropospheric layers, degrading it to extreme layers
Goossens, Jean-Paul. "Etude spectroscopique du plasma de décharge d'un laser à vapeur de cuivre." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10004.
Full textGu, Wentian. "Increase the packing density of vertically aligned carbon nanotube array for the application of thermal interface materials." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41049.
Full textMansuy, Aurore. "Etude de la durabilité de cellules d'électrolyse de la vapeur d'eau à haute température : influence des paramètres de fonctionnement." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00912328.
Full textElyeznasni, Nadia. "Interfaces entre liquides modèles non miscibles : étude parallèle par la dynamique moléculaire et par la méthode de la fonctionnelle de densité." Paris 12, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA120007.
Full textDue to its importance in many phenomena in chemistry and biology. We present a study of the structure in the interface between two immiscible liquids by density-functional theory and molecular-dynamics calculations. The liquids are modeled by Lennard-Jones potentials, which achieve immiscibility by supressing the attractive interaction between unlike particles. The density profiles of the liquids display oscillations only in a limited part of the simple liquid-phase diagram (density, temperature). When approaching the liquid-vapor coexistence, a significant depletion appears while the layering behavior of the density profile vanishes. By analogy with the liquid-vapor interface and the analysis of the adsorption this behavior is suggested to be strongly related to the drying transition. We present also a study of intrinsic profils by molecular dynamics to schow capillary waves effects to damp oscillatory structure in the interface between immiscible liquids
Gu, Yuxing. "Measurements of temperature and density profiles of iodine vapor between parallel plates in the transition regime using laser induced fluorescence /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9974999.
Full textDerkaoui, Nadira. "Etude des plasmas micro-ondes à haute densité de puissance en systèmes H₂-CH₄ et H₂-CH₄-B₂H₆." Paris 13, 2012. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/intranet/edgalilee_th_2012_derkaoui.pdf.
Full textThis thesis deals with high power density microwave plasmas of H₂/CH₄and H₂/CH₄ et H₂/CH₄/B₂H₆ mixtures used for growing intrinsic and boron-doped diamond films. The aim of this work is to understand phenomena occurring in the plasma phase and near the plasma/surface interface for high power and high pressure (high power density) in order to overcome the technological limits of the reactors in terms of growth rates for constant quality (in particular purity) and deposition area. This study is based on an approach coupling experiments and modeling that allows, on the one hand the description of the plasma physics and on the other hand, the validation of a 1D model previously developed at LSPM and adapted to the new reactor geometry that has been used for high power density conditions. Evolutions of electron, hydrogen and methyl densities as well as the gas and electronic temperatures are analyzed in relation to process parameters (flow rate, power, pressure, CH₄ %. . . ). Experimental measurements are carried out by actinometry, OES and microwave interferometry and are completed by TALIF. On the whole, comparisons between model and experiments are in good agreement but some limits of the model have been highlighted, e. G. Ionization processes. Moreover, a quasi linear relation has been established between the single diamond growth rate and the hydrogen density of the plasma. Finally, a kinetic scheme for H₂-CH₄-B₂H₆ plasmas is implemented in the 1D model, taking into account 21 reactions and 7 boron containing species, in order to study boron-doped diamond processes
Ozkol, Engin. "Production Of Boron Nitride." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609646/index.pdf.
Full textin hexagonal structure (h-BN) which is very much like graphite and in cubic structure (c-BN) with properties very close to those of diamond. h-BN is a natural lubricant due to its layered structure. It is generally used in sliding parts of the moving elements such as rotating element beds in turbine shafts. Since c-BN is the hardest known material after diamond it is used in making hard metal covers. In addition to its possible microelectronics applications (can be used to make p-n junction), its resistance to high temperatures and its high forbidden energy gap are its superiorities over diamond. Recent studies have shown that c-BN can be produced by Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) and Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) in plasma. But these studies have failed to determine how all of the production parameters (boron and nitrogen sources, composition of the gas used, substrate, RF power, bias voltage, substrate temperature) affect the c-BN content, mechanical stress and the deposition rate of the product with a systematic approach. The systematic study was realized in the range of available experimental ability of the present PVD and CVD equipment and accessories. The BN films were produced in the plasma equipment for CVD using RF and MW and magnetron sputtering and were studied with the measurement and testing facilities. It is believed that with this approach it will be possible to collect enough experimental data to optimize production conditions of BN with desired mechanical and optoelectronic properties. h-BN films were successfully deposited in both systems. It was possible to deposit c-BN films with the MW power, however they were weak in cubic content. Deposition at low pressures eliminated the hydrogen contamination of the films. High substrate temperatures led to more chemically and mechanically stable films.
Azize, Mohamed. "Hétéro-épitaxie de nitrure de gallium semi-isolant peu disloqué sur substrat de saphir pour applications HEMTs AlGaN/GaN." Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4065.
Full textIn this work, we have realized by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy semi-insulating GaN templates with low dislocations densities grown on sapphire for AlxGa1-xN/GaN HEMTs applications. Lateral growth techniques are used in order to reduce density dislocation. In this type of growth, the first stage of epitaxy at high temperature begins in 3D growth mode just before to end up with 2D growth mode. This growth process permits to lead low dislocations densities in the range of 5x106 cm-2 to 5x108 cm-2 and that non intentionally doped GaN layers are conductive (n type). The electrical compensation of this kind of layers is possible due to the iron doping (using ferrocene). The semi-insulating behaviour and low dislocated (108 cm-2
Imbert, Jean-Christophe. "Etude spatio-temporelle d'un procédé de pulvérisation cathodique magnétron à fort degré d'ionisation de la vapeur pulvérisée." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112190.
Full textMany industrial applications require the deposition of thin films on substrates of different shapes and characteristics. The cathodic magnetron sputtering process relies on mechanical collisions between particles to perform the sputtering and is widely used. However, particles are sputtered mainly as neutrals and it is impossible to modify their trajectory or their deposition energy. This thesis deals with the study of two methods developed to ionize the sputtered vapor. The first method relies the use of an additional high density plasma created with a radio-frequency coil. It requires an optimization of the power transfer toward the plasma. This optimization being performed, I present spatially resolved measurements of the species temperatures and absolute densities. Finally, I show that these measurements allow to control the deposited layers contamination. In the second method, high power pulses are applied directly on the magnetron cathode and ensure an ionization ratio of approximately 60%. The study was focused on the transport of sputtered species. Densities and temperature measurements are explained with a simple one dimensional diffusion model for neutrals. Ambipolar diffusion was used for ions
Naamoun, Mehdi. "Mécanisme de formation et de propagation des dislocations au sein de diamant CVD monocristallin et développement de stratégies visant à réduire leur densité." Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/edgalilee_th_2013_naamoun.pdf.
Full textThe main objective of this PhD thesis is to obtain single crystal diamond films with low dislocation density, prerequisite to their use in the field of power electronics. At first, the formation and propagation of these extended defects into single crystal diamond were studied. Two main sources of dislocations have been identified: (i) dislocations directly originating from the substrate (natural or HPHT diamond) that thread through the CVD layer, (ii) and dislocations formed at the HPHT-CVD interface. To eliminate defects of the second origin, surface treatments combining the ICP- RIE process (carried on the upper side) and H2/O2 plasma etching (on the back side and on the lateral faces of the sample) were proposed. Thus, thick CVD layers (> 300 μm) with a reduced defect density (around 104 per cm2) were obtained. To eliminate dislocations directly originating from the substrate, innovative techniques based on the one hand on selective masking of defects by metal particles and on the other hand by the macro and micro-structuration, were developed. Surface macro-structuration demonstrated the ability to change the direction of dislocation’s propagation towards the crystal edges. Selective masking (developed and patented during this PhD thesis) and micro-structuration techniques have shown the ability to reduce dislocation density by preventing them from propagating through the CVD crystal
Cayet, Stephan. "Densite des especes dans un jet a basse pression de plasma air-vapeur d'eau en proportions variables. Experiences et modelisation." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112358.
Full textNunes, Eduardo Raimundo Dias. "Adi??o de vermiculita expandida m?cron em pastas de baixa densidade para cimenta??o de po?os de petr?leo." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2010. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12691.
Full textThe northeastern region of Brazil has a large number of wells producing oil using a method of secondary recovery steam injection, since the oil produced in this region is essentially viscous. This recovery method puts the cement / coating on thermal cycling, due to the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between cement and metal coating causes the appearance of cracks at this interface, allowing the passage of the annular fluid, which is associated with serious risk socioeconomic and environmental. In view of these cracks, a correction operation is required, resulting in more costs and temporary halt of production of the well. Alternatively, the oil industry has developed technology for adding new materials in cement pastes, oil well, providing high ductility and low density in order to withstand the thermo-mechanical loads generated by the injection of water vapor. In this context, vermiculite, a clay mineral found in abundance in Brazil has been applied in its expanded form in the construction industry for the manufacture of lightweight concrete with excellent insulation and noise due to its high melting point and the presence of air in their layers lamellar. Therefore, the vermiculite is used for the purpose of providing low-density cement paste and withstand high temperatures caused by steam injection. Thus, the present study compared the default folder containing cement and water with the folders with 6%, 8% and 10% vermiculite micron conducting tests of free water, rheology and compressive strength where it obtained the concentration of 8 % with the best results. Subsequently, the selected concentration, was compared with the results recommended by the API standard tests of filtered and stability. And finally, analyzed the results from tests of specific gravity and time of thickening. Before the study we were able to make a folder with a low density that can be used in cementing oil well in order to withstand the thermo-mechanical loads generated by steam injection
A regi?o nordeste do Brasil possui uma grande quantidade de po?os produtores de ?leo que utilizam como m?todo de recupera??o secund?ria a inje??o de vapor, j? que o ?leo produzido nesta regi?o possui natureza essencialmente viscosa. Este m?todo de recupera??o coloca a interface cimento / revestimento sobre ciclagem t?rmica que, devido ? diferen?a de coeficiente de expans?o t?rmica entre o cimento e o revestimento met?lico provoca o surgimento de trincas nesta interface, possibilitando assim a passagem de fluidos pelo anular, que est? associado a s?rios riscos s?cioecon?mico e ambiental. Diante destas trincas, uma opera??o de corre??o ? requerida, acarretando em mais custos e parada tempor?ria da produ??o do po?o. Como alternativa, a ind?stria do petr?leo tem desenvolvido tecnologia para a adi??o de novos materiais em pastas de cimento para po?os de petr?leo, proporcionando maior ductilidade e baixa densidade, de forma a resistir ?s cargas termomec?nica gerada na inje??o de vapor de ?gua. Nesse contexto, a vermiculita, um argilomineral encontrado em abund?ncia no Brasil tem sido aplicado na sua forma expandida na constru??o civil para confec??o de concretos leves com excelentes propriedades de isolamento t?rmico e ac?stico devido ao seu alto ponto de fus?o e a presen?a de ar em suas camadas lamelares. Portanto, a vermiculita ser? utilizada com a finalidade de proporcionar baixa densidade a pasta de cimento e resistir ?s altas temperaturas causadas pela inje??o de vapor. Desta forma, o presente trabalho, comparou a pasta padr?o contendo cimento e ?gua com as pastas com 6%, 8%, e 10% de vermiculita expandida m?cron realizando os ensaios de ?gua livre, reologia e resist?ncia a compress?o onde obteve a concentra??o de 8% com os melhores resultados. Posteriormente, a concentra??o escolhida, foi comparada com os resultados recomendados pela norma API nos ensaios de filtrado e estabilidade. E por ?ltimo, analisaram-se os resultados obtidos nos ensaios de peso espec?fico e tempo de espessamento. Diante do estudo realizado conseguiu-se formular uma pasta com baixa densidade que pode ser utilizada na cimenta??o de po?o de petr?leo com o objetivo de suportar as cargas termo-mec?nica gerada pela inje??o de vapor
Elyeznasni, Nadia Pontikis Vassilis. "Interfaces entre liquides modèles non miscibles étude parallèle par la dynamique moléculaire et par la méthode de la fonctionnelle de densité /." Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2007. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:8080/theses-npd/th0251387.htm.
Full textThèse uniquement consultable au sein de l'Université Paris 12 (Intranet). Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Pagination : 104 p. Bibliogr. p. 102-104.
Wissmann, Paul J. "Simultaneous approach to model building and process design using experimental design application to chemical vapor deposition /." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26543.
Full textCommittee Chair: Grover, Martha; Committee Member: Garmestani, Hamid; Committee Member: Hess, Dennis; Committee Member: McDowell, David; Committee Member: Nenes, Athanasios; Committee Member: Realff, Matthew. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
Waidmann, Stephan. "Elektronische Eigenschaften von Diamant und diamantartigen Kohlenstoffen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2001. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-997953406187-81897.
Full textIn the context of the immense potential of diamond as a material for use in the microelectronics industry, in this thesis pristine and doped diamond films have been deposited on silicon using chemical vapour deposition. Subsequently their electronic properties have been investigated using mainly electron energy-loss spectroscopy. Doping of the films with boron, lithium or phosphorous was carried out either via in-situ gas phase doping during film growth or using ion implantation. Upon ion implantation an increase of the carbon content with sp2 hybridisation has generally been found due to ion beam induced damage. In the case of boron doping it was possible to significantly reduce this sp2-contribution using a high temperature anneal. For the in-situ doping with boron, upon increasing doping concentration a decrease of the sp2-contribution was found. For the sample with the highest boron content the boron 1s absorption edge could also be investigated, providing evidence for the preferential incorporation of the boron atoms into tetrahedrally co-ordinated sites. This boron incorporation leads to the existence of electronic excitations in the energy range of the band gap, which could be observed using both infrared and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. From the electron energy-loss measurements it was possible to calculate acceptor concentrations which were consistent with the large amount of tetrahedrally co-ordinated boron atoms. A second theme in this thesis involved the study of pristine and nitrogen doped diamond-like amorphous carbon films, which are an interesting material class with far-reaching technological potential. Here the focus of the research concerned the dependency of the electronic and optical properties of the films upon the ion energy and the nitrogen partial pressure applied during the film preparation. The plasmon energies, mass densities, sp3 contribution and the optical band gaps of the samples were determined quantitatively, whereby the maximum in all these quantities was found to occur for ion energies of 100 eV. Furthermore, all of these characteristics were found to decrease continually with increasing nitrogen content. A Kramers-Kronig analysis of the loss spectra enabled the derivation of the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function and with this of the complete spectrum of single particle excitations. The hybridization between the carbon and nitrogen atoms was also studied in detail from the analysis of the respective 1s absorption edges. Furthermore this thesis deals with the investigation of diamond as a model system for solids with pure covalent bonds. In particular, the loss function of diamond was measured along different high symmetry directions over a wide range of energy and momentum. Firstly, the EELS measurements showed directly the strongly anisotropic nature of the plasmon dispersion in diamond. Secondly, by the comparison of the experimental spectra with ab initio LDA-based calculations that include crystal local field effects as well as exchange and correlation contributions, conclusions can be drawn as to the influence of these quantities. In the optical limit, but even more so with increasing momentum transfer q, a superposition of the collective plasmon excitation and the single particle excitations in the energy range of the plasmon is observed. This energetic proximity results in a coupling between both types of excitations. Apart from the distinct influence of the bandstructure on the plasmon dispersion, the considerably inhomogeneous electron distribution of diamond would lead one to expect significant crystal local field effects in this system. The comparison between the experimental and the calculated spectra shows explicitly that the crystal local field effects increase with increasing momentum transfer and play an important role in defining the structure of the loss function
Lekic, Dragan. "HotHumiBox, ett provelement mellan två kammare." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggteknik (BY), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-80509.
Full textHotHumiBox is an experimental equipment that is available at Linnaeus University and is supposed to provide better knowledge and understanding about the way moisture and temperature varies in a building element installed between two chambers in which the climate can be controlled separately. The purpose of this work is to investigate whether the HotHumiBox works well and whether it can be used at various courses at the Department of Building Technology at Linnaeus University, such as demonstration laboratory experiments at lectures on moisture. Measurements with three different climates were performed on a building element that corresponds to a wall that could be installed in modern houses. The results of the HotHumiBox measurements are being presented in tables and diagrams and are being compared with moisture and temperature calculations. The comparison between measurements and calculations shows that the sensors which control the climate in both chambers show very good results. On the other hand, the majority of the sensors in the test element show either too high or too low values for the result to be considered as satisfactory. Therefore, it is recommended that some more tests and measurements are done before it can be concluded that the HotHumiBox work well.
Rönnby, Karl. "Quantum Chemical Feasibility Study of Methylamines as Nitrogen Precursors in Chemical Vapor Deposition." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kemi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-132812.
Full textSu, Yung-Chieh. "Selection of Prediction Methods for Thermophysical Properties for Process Modeling and Product Design of Biodiesel Manufacturing." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32675.
Full textMaster of Science
Sivira, Ramses. "Exploitation des mesures "vapeur d'eau" du satellite Megha-Tropiques pour l'élaboration d'un algorithme de restitution de profils associés aux fonctions de densité de probabilité de l'erreur conditionnelle." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01025685.
Full textMarzougui, Salsabil. "Transfert d'un composé organo-chloré depuis une zone source localisée en zone non saturée d'un aquifère poreux vers l'interface sol-air : expérimentations et modélisations associées." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00853290.
Full textSahli, Salah. "Etude du comportement electrique de films minces de gaas amorphes ou polycristallins elabores par depots en phase vapeur ou par plasma a partir d'organometalliques." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30049.
Full textValentin, Clever Aparecido. "Estudo da degradação de geomembrana de polietileno de alta densidade de 2,5 mm de espessura frente à gasolina, óleo diesel e álcool combustível." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75132/tde-24082009-172014/.
Full textThe constant petrol fuel leaks in gas stations has been caused concern in many countries around the world. This fuel has toxic organic compounds in their composition, like Polyciclic Aromatic Hidrocarbons (PAHs) harmful to the human health. In this work the efficiency of the protection layer with a Hight Density Polyetilene Geomembrane (HDPE) 2.5 mm thickness was used. The study is based upon the physical (density), mecanical (Tensile and Permeability) and thermal tests (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) and was used for the three fuels, as well as the difusion test of intact geomembrane. The results show that the geomembrane density has changed a little bit, holding the standard values up to 6 months; the mecanical resistence decreases in diesel oil and gasoline, and increases in alcohol; the thermic analisys tests show that the polimeric chains maintain the same chemical bonds, based on the melting point and degradation temperature; the water vapor permeability test shows, as the time increases, the water vapor throught the geomembrane which was exposed to gasoline tends to increase; the results of impermeabilization test of a poliaromatic compound group shows that the geomembrane is less efective to antracene and naftalene compounds. The hight density polyethylene geomembrane of 2.5 mm thickness is a good alternative preventing contamination of water and soil, by the compounds under stusy, about up to one year, based on this time of study performance.
Montpied, Sylvie. "Contribution a l'etude de la passivation de composants sur arseniure de gallium : caracterisation de films dielectriques realises par depot en phase vapeur assiste par plasma." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF21020.
Full textFlink, Axel. "Growth and Characterization of Ti-Si-N Hard Coatings." Licentiate thesis, Linköping : Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7741.
Full textArvinte, Ionela Roxana. "Étude de l’incorporation des dopants N et Al dans des films de carbure de silicium épitaxiées en phase vapeur." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4091/document.
Full textThis work is dedicated to the investigation of intentional dopant incorporation in silicon carbide epilayers grown by chemical vapor deposition technique. The role of main process conditions (growth temperature, dopant supply, deposition rate, growth pressure and C/Si ratio) on both, Nitrogen and Aluminum incorporation was studied in details. Previous works have widely explored the characteristics of dopant incorporation, especially the nitrogen incorporation addressing a potential influence of growth equipment for the observed incorporation trends. An exhaustive experimental study of N and Al incorporation was performed for homoepitaxial 4H-SiC layers grown on Si- and C-faces of 4H-SiC substrates in our CVD setups to explore such influence. It was completed by the assessment of the structural, optical and electrical properties of the Al doped 4H-SiC films. Furthermore, the fabrication of pn diodes was tested on the grown layers. We have observed different experimental tendencies depending on dopant nature, crystal orientation and chemical environment. We conclude from these observations that the mechanism behind the experimentally obtained tendencies is widely influenced by factors such as process conditions (i.e. growth temperature and/or pressure) and the carbon coverage at the grown surface, especially on C-face
Vorel, Pavel. "Vlastnosti betonů s přídavkem plazmatem upravených polypropylenových vláken." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225879.
Full textDelmotte, Franck. "Dépôts de films minces SiNx assistés par plasma de haute densité. Etudes corrélées de la phase gazeuse, de l'interface SiNx/InP et de la passivation du transistor bipolaire à hétérojonction InP." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00430327.
Full textGabay, Claude. "Transitions de phases de l'hélium dans les aérogels de silice." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10067.
Full textHedman, Daniel. "A Theoretical Study: The Connection between Stability of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Observed Products." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Materialvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-62321.
Full textElorriaga, Montenegro Estefania. "High frequency water vapor density measurements using the beat frequency method." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/30841.
Full textGraduation date: 2013
Chen, Yu-Ting, and 陳育廷. "Study on semiconductor devices by high density plasma chemical vapor deposition." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62032352000194668146.
Full text國立中山大學
物理學系研究所
93
In this thesis, high density plasma chemical vapor deposition (HDPCVD) is used to fabricate novel multiple quantum well structure of light emitting diodes (LEDs) and charge storaged layers of SONOS nonvolatile semiconductor memories (NVSMs). On the study of the light emitting diodes (LEDs) technology, wide band gap hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide and porous silicon carbide has blue or green luminescence are currently being investigated for applications in optoelectronic devices. However, due to the indirect band gap character, the quantum efficiency of these LEDs is very low. In our experiment, we fabricate 5-periods hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide multiple quantum well structure to enhance the luminescence efficiency. In our study, there are some following notable features: (1) The a-SixC1-x multiple quantum well structure prepared by high density plasma chemical vapor deposition and it shows visible photoluminescence at room temperature. (2) After fluorine ions implantation and thermal annealing, The PL energy of a-SixC1-x multiple quantum well shift to high energy. (3) The PL intensity of SiO2-barrier SixC1-x multiple quantum well is larger than SiNx-barrier. (4) The film adheres well to glass or Si wafer even at low deposition temperature, e.g. 200 0C by high density plasma chemical vapor deposition. On the study of the silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) nonvolatile semiconductor memories (NVSMs) technology, the SONOS is a multi-dielectric device consisting of an oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) sandwich in which charge storage takes place in discrete traps in the silicon nitride layer. In addition to silicon nitride as the storage layer, we have studied the oxide/SiC:O/oxide sandwiched structures and thermal oxidation of SiC layer as a storage layer by HDPCVD processes. In our study, there are some following notable features: (1) From the capacitance-voltage and current-voltage characteristics of oxygen-incorporated silicon carbide with different oxygen content, it is observed that the memory window is decreased with increasing the oxygen content. By controlling the oxygen content, a higher breakdown voltage can be achieved. (2) In the study of the oxidation of SiC, it is found that low temperature (800 ℃) oxidized SiC shows a larger memory window than that of the high temperature (925 ℃) oxidized SiC by high density plasma chemical vapor deposition.
Cheung, JASON. "Simulation of Engineered Nanostructured Thin Films." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/1731.
Full textThesis (Master, Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy) -- Queen's University, 2009-03-31 13:22:11.843
Chien, Yu-Jen, and 簡鈺人. "Deposition and Etching of Silicon Nitride Thin Films by High Density Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition System." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60354858961608028415.
Full text逢甲大學
化學工程學所
91
Abstract An inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition system was used to grow silicon nitride thin films. The thin films were divided into many layers by incorporating the plasma passivation in the deposition. The influences of deposition parameters, including ICP power、bias power、deposition pressure、deposition temperature、N2/SiH4 ratio、dilution gas and flow rate were studied. The effects of plasma treatment parameters, including plasma treatment time、treatment gas(N2) flow rate and treatment number were also investigated. FTIR、N&K analyzer、AFM、SIMS and stress meter were used to characterize the properties of the films, such as chemical bonding structure、thickness、refractive index、RMS roughness、hydrogen content and stress. An MIS structure Al/a-SiNx:H/P type Si wafer/Al was made for measuring the I-V curve. We have obtained a stable silicon nitride thin film with lower hydrogen content and smaller roughness of the surface comparing to those grown by normal method. This film was grown by dividing into many, about 30Å depositions and inserted the N2 plasma treatment to passivate the silicon nitride film, 10 seconds deposition immediately followed by 10 seconds plasma treatment for 20 cycles. The condition of deposition process for the this stable film was 900W ICP power、500W Bias power、20mTorr pressure、300℃ temperature、100/25 nitrogen-to-silane gas flow ratio、50sccm Ar and 50sccm He dilution gas flow rate, and the treatment gas, N2 flow rate was 200sccm.