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Academic literature on the topic 'Variabilité chromosomique'
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Journal articles on the topic "Variabilité chromosomique"
SCHIBLER, L., D. VAIMAN, and E. P. CRIBIU. "Origine du polymorphisme de l’ADN." INRAE Productions Animales 13, HS (December 22, 2000): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2000.13.hs.3809.
Full textCHARDON, P. "Le polymorphisme du complexe majeur d’histocompatibilité." INRAE Productions Animales 13, HS (June 22, 2020): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2000.13.hs.3812.
Full textBOICHARD, D., P. LE ROY, H. LEVÉZIEL, and J. M. ELSEN. "Utilisation des marqueurs moléculaires en génétique animale." INRAE Productions Animales 11, no. 1 (February 2, 1998): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.1998.11.1.3918.
Full textBEAUMONT, C., F. CALENGE, H. CHAPUIS, J. FABLET, F. MINVIELLE, and M. TIXIER-BOICHARD. "Génétique de la qualité de l’œuf." INRAE Productions Animales 23, no. 2 (April 10, 2011): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2010.23.2.3294.
Full textLE BIHAN-DUVAL, E., C. BERRI, F. PITEL, J. NADAF, V. SIBUT, V. GIGAUD, and M. DUCLOS. "Approches combinées de génomique positionnelle et expressionnelle pour l’étude des gènes contrôlant la qualité de la viande chez les volailles." INRAE Productions Animales 21, no. 2 (June 23, 2008): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2008.21.2.3389.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Variabilité chromosomique"
Abdullatif, Maha. "Étude comparée de l'hybride Fatshedera lizei Guillaumin et ses parents : aspects caryologique, palynologique et polyploïdie expérimentale." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112304.
Full textThe purpose of the present work is, fundamentally, a better knowledge of the natural hybride sterile Fatshedera lizei (Fatsia japonica x Hedera helix var. Hibernica). A study of the cytological and palynological point of vue aims to precise its origin. In the applicated fiels his experimental polyploidisation has been tried to make it fertile. On the caryological plan, the hybrid and its parents display an important inter individual variability of the values 2 n, because each individual is a chromosomical mosaics. The vegetative multiplication which exploits the mitotics anomalies maintains and diversifies this mosaics. The nature of the parental gamets responsible of the appearance of Fatshedera liezi has been equally researched. On the palynological plan, this intergenerical hybrid (63 % of anormal grains) displays qualitative and quantitative characters intermediate between the characters of its parents, but it appears more akin to his femel parent Fatsia japonica for its tectum. The doubly of the chromosomical number by the action of colchicine appears too difficult and only partial
Hoff, Grégory. "Réparation des cassures double-brin et variabilité chromosomique chez Streptomyces." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0288/document.
Full textIonizing radiation, desiccation or exogenous secondary metabolites are all factors that can cause DNA damage in soil bacteria, especially by triggering double strand breaks (DSB), the most detrimental harm for the cell. In prokaryotes, evolution selected two main DSB repair pathways, namely homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). HR is almost ubiquitous in bacteria and relies on an intact copy of the damaged DNA molecule as a template for DSB repair. In contrast to HR, NHEJ is only present in 20 to 25% of bacteria and is considered as a mutagenic pathway since DSB repair is performed without the need of any template and can lead to nucleotide addition or deletion at DSB site. In the bacterial model Mycobacterium, two partners are sufficient for a functional NHEJ pathway. Thus, Ku protein dimer recognizes and binds the DSB and then recruits the multifunctional LigD protein for extremities treatment and ligation thanks to its polymerase, nuclease and ligase domains. At the beginning of this work, few informations on DSB repair in Streptomyces were available. This bacteria exhibits remarkable genomic features including a large linear chromosome (6 to 12 Mb). Regarding HR, we focused on the late stage (post-synaptic step) in studying the role of RuvABC complex and RecG, involved in branch migration and Holliday junction resolution in E. coli. Construction of single and multiple mutants showed that although the genes encoding these proteins are highly conserved in Streptomyces, their deficiency in Streptomyces ambofaciens only results in a mild decrease of recombination after conjugation events. Besides, no decrease of intrachromosomal recombination efficiency could be observed. These results suggest that major alternative factors are still to be discovered in Streptomyces. This work was also the first occasion to decipher a NHEJ pathway in Streptomyces. An exhaustive genomic study revealed a great diversity in the number of factors potentially implicated in this pathway (Ku, LigDom, PolDom, NucDom) and in the organization of their encoding genes. Functional analyses revealed that all the factors, whatever they are conserved or not between species, were involved in the response to electron beam exposure, known to induce, amongst other things, DSB formation. Generation of DSB by I-SceI endonuclease cleavage was also used to evidence at a molecular level NHEJ type DSB repair (deletions or insertions of several nucleotides, integration of DNA fragments). Targeted breaks in the terminal regions of the chromosome were accompanied by large deletions (up to 2.1 Mb) and major rearrangements including chromosome circularizations and DNA amplifications. Consequences of DSB repair in S. ambofaciens are in all points similar to chromosome rearrangements observed spontaneously or by comparing genomes of different species. Thus, it is possible to link the genome plasticity to DSB repair. In addition, the integration of exogenous genetic material would be favoured during NHEJ repair which would give this repair system a major role in the horizontal transfer process, known to be a main evolution mechanism in bacteria
Pébay, Mireille. "Instabilité chromosomique chez la bactérie, streptococcus thermophilus cnrz368 : variabilité du phénotype des colonies et du nombre de Loci RRN." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10021.
Full textFischer, Gilles. "Variabilité des régions terminales de l'ADN chromosomique linéaire de streptomyces ambofaciens : implications évolutives de l'instabilité génétique." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10240.
Full textGallois, Alexandre. "Dynamique des extrémités du chromosome linéaire de Streptomyces ambofaciens." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN10108/document.
Full textThe Streptomyces are soil bacteria with a large linear chromosome, typically 8 to 10 Mb, high part of G-C bases (72.1% for S. coelicolor) and are subject to a high degree of genetic instability, correlated with the formation of large rearrangement occurring in the terminal chromosomal regions. The analysis of the terminal regions sequences and partial sequence central region of S. ambofaciens ATCC23877 shows that the size of the terminal species-specific regions increases as the phylogenetic distance between compared species increases. The synteny observed between central regions degenerates progressively over several hundreds of kilobases before reaching the terminal species-specific regions. This synteny appears as gradually parceled out by multiple insertions/deletions (indels) of genes. The comparison of the sequences of the Terminal Inverted Repeat (TIR) of two S. ambofaciens strains shows the two strains share the same ancestral boundaries of TIRs. On the other hand, the terminals regions are strain-specific suggesting that exchanges of replicon extremities, potentially plasmidic, have occurred, contributing to the terminal variability observed at the intraspecific level. The mechanisms of double breaks repair or the frequency of these double breaks could be the reasons of this variability. Sometimes, the chromosome becomes dicentric and enters in a break-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycle. This cycle is the consequence of a end-to-end fusion of two deleted chromosomes. The analysis of S. ambofaciens DSM40697 strains with a second locus involved in the partitioning narrows the implication of this one in the chromosomic instability and the Streptomyces’ evolution
Oudjehih, Bachir. "Étude de la variabilité caryologique dans le genre eucalyptus l'Hérit. (Myrtaceae) : Analyse statistique de la morphologie chromosomique des génomes et comparaison des caryotypes par la technique de "Hy-bands"." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10050.
Full textBerger, Sibel. "Action de facteurs génétiques et environnementaux sur la dynamique mutationnelle au cours de la différenciation chez Streptomyces ambofaciens ATCC23877." Nancy 1, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2004_0179_CATAKLI.pdf.
Full textIn Streptomyces ambofaciens, mutants generated by genetic instability and named Pig-pap were characterised. Analyses of the chromosome of the 29C1 strain revealed a new type of rearrangement associated to the production of a green pigment. The Pig-pap mutants, pigment and spore deficient, derived from papillae on the colonies. The introduction of the whiG gene coding a sigma factor restored sporulation and pigmentation. In these mutants, this gene is not mutated and is transcribed. WhiH gene whose transcription depends on WhiG is not transcribed. WhiG would be not fonctional and a post-transcriptional modification could be responsible of the Pig-pap phenotype. Study of mutants derived from a transconjugant showed that the whiG transgene constitute a target of mutations. More, the production of mutants is increased during a amino acids limitation and a relA mutant does not produce papilla, implicating the stringent response in this phenomenon
Catakli, Sibel. "Action de facteurs génétiques et environnementaux sur la dynamique mutationnelle au cours de la différenciation chez Streptomyces ambofaciens ATCC23877." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00576223.
Full textTacuatiá, Luana Olinda. "Les aspects de la variabilité génétique et cytogénétique, et de la biologie reproductive chez Sisyrinchium micranthum Cav. (Iridaceae) dans le sud du Brésil." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00922984.
Full textChoulet, Frédéric. "Evolution du génome des Streptomyces : transfert horizontal et variabilité des extrémités chromosomiques." Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2006_0122_CHOULET.pdf.
Full textStreptomyces are soil dwelling bacteria producers of a considerable number of antibiotic compounds. They exhibit very particular genomic features among bacteria since their chromosomal DNA is linear, among the largest described (8-11 Mb) and with a very high G+C content (70-73%). Partial sequencing and annotation of the Streptomyces ambofaciens chromosome has been undertaken in order to study the genetic organization and evolutionary forces that shape the genome and also to identify new interesting metabolite biosynthesis pathways. Development of bioinformatics methods was the first step of this work and has revealed a genomic compartmentalization where variability is confined in the terminal regions (up to 2 Mb). Comparative genomics between S. Ambofaciens and three other Streptomyces species has provided a dynamic view of genome evolution. Exchanges of extremities between linear replicons could be at the origin of intraspecific variability, associating linearity to variability. In addition, terminal regions appear as privileged targets for acquisition of new genetic information resulting from horizontal transfer events. A progressive degeneration of the synteny reveals a gradient of insertion/deletion events which frequency increases toward the chromosomal ends. This mechanism would be the force driving the diversification of Streptomyces and could play a major role in adaptation to the environment