Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Variabilité (Psychométrie)'
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Mouchiroud, Christophe. "La créativité dans le domaine des interactions sociales : une approche différentielle et développementale." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05H057.
Full textCreativity can be defined as the ability to behave in novel and adaptive ways in given contexts. This approach allowed the examination of creative behaviors in the social realm, in the framework of a multivariate model of creativity. Two cross-sectional studies as well as three complementary studies were conducted to examine the development of creative social behaviors. In the two main studies, 267 elementary and junior high school students aged between 6 and 16 were observed using creative divergent thinking tasks, in which participants had to imagine as many novel solutions as possible to familiar social dilemmas. The hypothesis of social creativity as a unitary construct was tested. Analyses of quantitative and qualitative indices of creativity (fluency, statistical originality, and consensual judgments of creativity) showed a pattern of developmental growth as well as a unified structure for creative social abilities. (. . . )
Remy, Ludovic. "Etude des stratégies de résolution d'une épreuve d'intelligence générale : variabilité intra-individuelle et différences interindividuelles." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX10088.
Full textFortes, Marina. "La dynamique de l'estime de soi et du soi physique : un regard nouveau sur la variabilité et le fonctionnement des modèles hiérarchiques." Montpellier 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON14005.
Full textDauvier, Bruno. "Choix stratégiques en situation de résolution de problème : modélisations de la variabilité et du changement." Rennes 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN20043.
Full textThis work investigates the relevance of a selectionist representation of cognitive functioning. This representation presumes the existence of individual strategic preferences that should evolve in time. These preferences can be identified by studying conditional dependences between items in intelligence tests and by using a dynamic, psychometric model of the selection of strategies. Another hypothesis emanates from the simulations of selectionist systems inspired by artificial intelligence. It suggests two main origins for the performance differences between these systems: The speed of the response generation, and the regulation of random variations that are the source of the discovery of new strategies. These differences between individuals can be observed by studying the similitudes between consecutive responses
Jilinskaya, Mariya. "Approche psychométrique et différentielle de la mesure du leadership par la méthode à 360 degrés : artefact et réalité dans l’hétéro-évaluation." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100112/document.
Full textThis thesis is centered on leadership assessment through multi-rater evaluation, commonly known as 360 degrees assessment. First, leadership models were presented, and then, we discussed the measurement aspects of leadership, wherein we observed that some tools became full fledged psychometric assessments owning to the growing popularity of their underlying theory. Nevertheless, the concerns over the inherent limitations of self-report measures continued to be a major challenge in leadership assessment. This led to a new assessment approach called 360 degrees in which the characteristics of leaders are assessed by people working with them (subordinates, colleagues, superiors...) and compared with the leaders' self-appraisals. The focal point of this thesis was to study the advantages as well as the limitations of this approach. The study started with examining how well the variables which are supposed to explain the inter-rater variability were actually helpful in understanding the observed variance among observers. Those analysis yielded significant results despite the fact that those variables could explain only a very limited amount of variance. Following these observations, the study switched its focus from inter-group differences to intra-group / inter-rater agreement and disagreement. Finally, the last part of this thesis gets back to methodological and theoretical basics of measurement theory and proposes a psychometric model that would suit the 360 degrees assessments followed by a conceptual framework for the studies using multi-rater techniques
Poliakova, Natalia. "Étiologie de la variabilité cardiaque à 5 mois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28030/28030.pdf.
Full textPeters, Stevka. "Rôle des sentiments d’auto-efficacité lors de l’apprentissage auto-régulé avec un dispositif Multimédia." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20102.
Full textThe aim of the present doctoral thesis was to examine the interactions between Self-Efficacy for acquiring knowledge (SE Knowledge), Self-Efficacy for operating with multimedia technology (SE Multimedia), performance and the implementation of self-regulated learning activities during studying with a Multimedia learning environment. Research questions addressed the specificity of the SE measures according to different learning requirements and the variability of SE during the learning process. A study with 191 German students was conducted at the Technical University of Dresden, Germany, as well as a replication study with 39 French students at the University of Toulouse 2, France. During four sessions, subjects studied in a self-regulated way in an interactive Multimedia learning environment. The learning content of the environment was related to the subject “Behaviourist theories of learning” and presented various learning media. Its interactive interface offered several cognitive and metacognitive learning tools. The methodological design integrated a pretest, a phase of self-regulated learning and a posttest. The results showed that the SE measures differed in their specificity. Furthermore, the strength of both SEs changed during the learning process. After controlling for previous knowledge and including self-regulated learning activities as intermediate factors, significant effects of the SE measures on performance were revealed. A pedagogical implication of the results is the importance to foster experiences of success and competence during self-regulated learning in a Multimedia learning environment
Badea, Constantina-Elena. "Autostéréotypisation : le rôle du statut numérique et du niveau de catégorisation." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05H037.
Full textThis dissertation with how self-stereotyping can be used as a strategy for balancing the needs for assimilation and differentiation in an asymmetrical intergroup context. In the first part, we show that, in case of numerical asymmetry, individuals can reach optimal distinctiveness by changing in-group oerception about in-group typical traits. Compared with majorities, minority members increase perceived in-group homogeneity and describe themselves in a more stereotypical way. In the second part, we show that, when asymmetrical categorization is defined simoultaneously at two levels of inclusiveness, balancing numerical status at different levels of categorization can be an effcient strategy to obtain optimal distinctiveness. Minority members tendency to increase sub-ordinate in-group homogénéity was confirmed only when in-group status was the same at the two levels of catagorization. This effect was not observed anymore when both statuses were inconsistent, or when the superordinate categorization was symmetrical. This suggests that balance between needs for assimilation and differentiation may be reached when a superordinate re categorization leads to loose (for the majority), or to escape from (for the minority), the subordinate numerical status
El, Ali Malika. "Stratégies de coping et douleur au marathon : influence du sexe et de la performance." Rennes 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN20056.
Full textThe marathon is a testing activity generating physical and psychological pain. This thesis aims to study the cognitive and behavioral mechanisms (coping) used by marathon runners to manage themselves with the physical pain of the effort. We analyzed the influence of gender, performance level, and level of pain perceived on the selection of coping strategies. These variables were expected to influence the choice of coping strategies. The sample of this research consists of 624 marathon runners men and women who completed measures of perceived pain (numerical scale, EVA and scale CR10 of Borg) just after the race. Coping was evaluated with the scale of Crocker (1992) as well as with the instrument of Gaudreau & Blondin (2002). These two instruments were the subject of thorough psychometric analyses. Overall, our results showed that: (1) the marathon runners react and adopt various strategies of coping to cope with pain during the race, (2) the women marathon runners differ from the men marathon runners in that they are using more task-oriented coping, 3) the "elite" men and women those, which on average, have an intensity of the perceived pain strongest, (4) they are different from the "not-elite" by a more important choice of coping problem, (5) the marathon runners which selected “seeking support” have, on average, reported lower levels of perceived pain, and (6) although revealing the presence of problematic items with the CICS, this study shed light on the possibility of using a modified 28-item eight-factor model to measure coping actions used by marathoners during competition
Iriart, Alejandro. "Mesures d’insertion sociale destinées aux détenus québécois et récidive criminelle : une approche par l'apprentissage automatique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66717.
Full textIn this master thesis, we tried to determine the real influence of social rehabilitation programs on the risk of recidivism. To do this, we used a machine learning algorithm to analyze a database provided by the Quebec Ministry of Public Security (MSP). In this database, we are able to follow the numerous incarcerations of 97,140 prisoners from 2006 to 2018. Our analysis focuses only on inmates who have served in the prison in Quebec City. The approach we used is named Generalized Random Forests (GRF) and was developed by Athey et al. (2019). Our main analysis focuses not only on the characteristics of the prisoners, but also on the results they obtained when they were subjected to the LS/CMI, an extensive questionnaire aimed at determining the criminogenic needs and the risk level of the inmates . We also determined which variables have the most influence on predicting the treatment effect by using a function of the same algorithm that calculates the relative importance of each of the variables to make a prediction. By comparing participants and non-participants, we were able to demonstrate that participating in a program reduces the risk of recidivism by approximately 6.9% for a two-year trial period. Participating in a program always reduces significantly recidivism no matter the definition of recidivism used. We also determined that in terms of personal characteristics, it is the age, the nature of the offence and the number of years of study that are the main predictors for the individual causal effects. As for the LS/CMI, only a few sections of the questionnaire have real predictive power while others, like the one about leisure, do not. In light of our results, we believe that a more efficient instrument capable of predicting recidivism can be created by focusing on the newly identified variables with the greatest predictive power. A better instrument will make it possible to provide better counselling to prisoners on the programs they should follow, and thus increase their chances of being fully rehabilitated.
Fournier, Etienne. "Intérêt de la prise en compte des variabilités de l’activité et de l’acceptabilité dans le cadre d’une conception centrée utilisateurs des situations de travail collaboratives Humain-Robot." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALH011.
Full textThe European Commission is encouraging the use of collaborative robots (cobots) to assist humans in their work. However, cobots seem to have difficulty in favorably transforming work situations when they do not consider the variabilities of the situations. The aim of this thesis was therefore to characterize variability in the context of a cobotic implementation, and to guide a design approach focused on future users, using acceptability, acceptance and user experience approaches. An activity analysis was carried out in a chemical laboratory as part of a future cobotic implementation. 11 operators were observed during their activity and 34 took part in semi-directive interviews. The results identified glovebox activity as the workstation that would benefit most from cobotic collaboration. They also showed that certain activities were rendered invisible due to a discrepancy between prescribed work and actual activity, resulting in regular exposure to risks that could be avoided through cobotic implementation. We have thus identified several variabilities with effects on operator activity. These were used to design experimental paradigms to test the effect of cobotic collaboration. Three User Tests were carried out with a total of 212 participants, who were asked to perform industrial assembly tasks where one or more variabilities were considered in the cobotic design. The task was performed either alone, or in pairs with another human or with a cobot (ABB's YuMi). Different types of measurement were carried out: workload (assessed via NASA TLX, Hart, 2006; Hart & Staveland, 1988), number of errors, number of gestures, completion time, degree of acceptability of cobotic collaboration (assessed via TAM, Venkatesh et al., 2012) and simulated risk exposure. Cobotic collaboration reduced the negative effects of several variabilities (e.g. variability in difficulty level, variability in operator expertise) on operator mental load and task success. Participants had a higher task success rate when collaborating with a cobot, even though they otherwise took longer to complete the task. In addition, participants reported enjoying collaborating with a cobot and having confidence in the information it provided (measured via a scale of items from Martin, 2018). Finally, when the cobot adapted to the human's safety constraints, the latter exposed himself to fewer risks. From a theoretical point of view, these empirical studies made it possible to propose a framework integrating models of variability at work, and to shed light on the effects of cobotic collaboration on the human and his task. From a practical point of view, these different studies have enabled us to propose a grid for identifying variabilities and to formulate recommendations designed to support the implementation of cobotic collaboration
Aris, Caroline. "Variations intra-individuelles des jugements moraux chez les adolescents." Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30062.
Full textOur work takes place in a frame of research which tries to explain intra-individual variations observed in moral judgments through the variations of context embedded in experimental situations. Then, we use Kolhberg's stages (1969), not as a strict developmental sequence, but rather with the idea to define five types of justifications. The situations were presented to adolescents from different age levels, in individual interviews with a procedure adapted from the DIT (Rest, 1979). Results show that, if adolescents' decisions and justifications for breaking the law could clearly vary in accordance with the dilemmas (according to the type of offence and the type of circumstance in which this offence occurs), the degree of personal interest for the protagonist to act can sometimes also influence their moral reasoning
Delfour, Serge. "Étude du répertoire des procédures de copie d'un dessin géométrique : approche développementale." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30071/document.
Full textPiaget, Inhelder and Szeminska (1948) analysed the age evolution of a geometric drawing two-lines composed and forming an angle. The results obtained are interpreted in the stadist piagetian model. In accordance with the strategy choice model (Siegler, 1996; 2007) and with the intra-individual variability importance (Lautrey, 2003), our thesis takes up this analysis with hypothesis that each participant have at his disposal several procedures. We explore the 6 to 12 aged children and adult procedural repertory by suggesting the copy in different experimental conditions: spontaneous copy, several copies in proceeding (in other way), copy with specific instrument use,. We also attempt to complete this repertory by showing the participant a procedure he could not have produced by himself. The obtained results are suitable with plural models of development: from the age of ten, the children have several strategies for copying the drawing. However, the intra-individual variability observed in this task is forced by experimental conditions and instrumental and conceptual knowledge of the participant, in particular the acquisition of angle concept
Safra, Lou. "Using facial cues to produce social decisions. A cognitive and evolutionary approach." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066317/document.
Full textFace evaluations are a crucial component of social behavior, influencing a large range of social decisions from mating to political vote. Face evaluations are also susceptible to substantial individual differences. In this thesis, I propose that individual differences in face evaluations constitute a promising tool to investigate social behavior through the analysis of variations in the weight granted to different social signals, and notably cooperation- and power-related cues. I apply this approach in two ways. First, I examine the hypothesis that social motivation can be construed as an adaptation to highly cooperative environments. Across six studies, I confirm a central prediction of this theory, by revealing that highly socially motivated individuals grant a higher importance to cooperation-related signals. Second, I investigate the cognitive mechanisms underlying political choices by examining their responses to different environmental signals. In a study on leader preferences in children and in adults, I show that early exposure to environmental harshness is associated with a preference for stronger leaders. Building on these results, I then develop an original theory on political choices stating that leader preferences are biased towards the candidates perceived as the most competent for succeeding in the current context, independently of their leadership abilities. To summarize, my thesis puts forward a new framework to investigate social decisions based on individual variations in face evaluations and sheds light on the cognitive processes underlying social behavior as well as their evolutionary bases
Calandre, Natacha. "Pratiques et perception des risques nutritionnels : les mères face aux malnutritions infantiles au Vietnam." École nationale supérieure agronomique (Montpellier), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENSA0006.
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