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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Variability of rainfall'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Driver, Penny Meredith. "Rainfall variability over southern Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12830.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>Southern Africa is subject to high inter annual rainfall variability and the factors influencing southern African rainfall are not fully understood. The variability has been linked with various sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in each of the three major ocean basins as well as variability in the strength and position of regional atmospheric features. One of the atmospheric factors that may play a substantial role in southern African rainfall variability is the Botswana high, a high pressure cell which exists at the 500hPa level and is centred ov

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2

Preece, David John. "Decadal rainfall variability over Southern Africa." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/17232/.

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Southern Africa is a region of vulnerability, with high seasonal and interannual rainfall variability combined with rain-dependent agriculture. This variability is underpinned by influences from ENSO and other oceanic forcing, and known to exhibit quasi-decadal variability at 16-20 years (Tyson, 1975). This study uses a combination of proxy, observed and climate model data to explore the nature, mechanisms and anthropogenic forcing of rainfall variability at decadal scales. The spatial nature of rainfall variability, demonstrated through EOF analysis and composite decadal events, is similar to

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3

Washington, Richard. "Interannual and interdecadal variability of African rainfall." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396138.

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4

Williams, Charles Jonathan Roger. "Rainfall variability and extremes over southern Africa." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437453.

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5

Randriamahefasoa, Tsinampoizina Marie Sophie. "Variability of summer rainfall over southwestern Madagascar." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9809.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>This study investigates the interannual variability of the frequency of wet days during the rainy season over southwestern Madagascar, and its associated regional and global circulation patterns. The number of wet days was counted for each summer season (December to March) of the period 1971 to 2000 at four rainfall stations in southwestern Madagascar. For each station, the frequency of wet days was correlated with ENSO indices, SIOD index, SST, 850 hPa geopotential height, zonal and meridional winds at the surface. Composite anomalies of moisture flux a

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6

Gamoyo, Majambo Jarumani. "Rainfall variability characteristics over the East African coast." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10571.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>This study explores inter-annual rainfall variability over the East African coast region (Kenya and Tanzania) for the period 1980-2010 and focuses on dry and wet spell characteristics during the two rainy seasons. The atmospheric and ocean conditions associated with the rainfall variability are also considered. Extreme occurrences of rainfall variable can result in droughts and floods which in turn may lead to socioeconomic disruptions. East Africa is highly dependent and vulnerable to the amounts and timing of rainfall.

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7

Owusu, Kwadwo. "Analysis of rainfall variability in sub-humid Ghana." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0007041.

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8

Potts, Daniel Lawrence. "Rainfall Variability and Carbon Cycling in Semi-Arid Ecosystems." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1338%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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9

Lei, Yonghui. "Decadal variability in Chinese summer rainfall and climate change." Thesis, University of Reading, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515737.

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10

Courtney, Shaun. "Latent heat flux and South African summer rainfall variability." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19252.

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The main purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between oceanic latent heat flux and the summer rainfall of South Africa. Such a link would be useful for a better understanding and the prediction of monthly variability in the summer rainfall for South Africa. In order to investigate possible relationships between oceanic latent heat flux and summer rainfall in South Africa, point to point and point to field statistical correlations were made between gridded monthly COADS derived bulk oceanic heat fluxes and area averaged rainfall for the period 1950 to 1988. Correlatio

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11

Tian, Daquan. "Rainfall spatial and seasonal variability analysis in semi-arid watersheds." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0256_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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12

Pechlivanidis, Ilias. "The significance of spatial variability of rainfall on runoff generation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508445.

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13

Kay, Gillian. "Mechanisms of southern African rainfall variability in coupled climate models." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496573.

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14

Steel, Michael Edward. "Historic rainfall, climatic variability, and flood risk estimation for Scotland." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311069.

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15

Ayabaca, Marcelo Vicente. "Rainfall variability in the upper Napo River Basin, Ecuadorian Amazon." FIU Digital Commons, 2004. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1348.

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The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of elevation and other terrain characteristics over the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall. A comparative analysis was conducted between several methods of spatial interpolations using mean monthly precipitation values in order to select the best. Following those previous results it was possible to fit an Artificial Neural Network model for interpolation of monthly precipitation values for a period of 20 years, with input values such as longitude, latitude, elevation, four geomorphologic characteristics and anchored by se

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16

Botha, Susan. "The influence of rainfall variability on savanna tree seedling establishment." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6238.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-114).<br>My thesis investigates the rainfall requirements necessary for tree seedling survival of different savanna species in the first year of growth. Results from a field drought experiment showed that dry season survival for seedlings of Acacia nigrescens and Philenaptera vialacea was not related to wet season length. Instead mortality was highest immediately after germination despite irrigation to minimize dry spells. Furthermore there was no relationship between seedling size and the length of the dry spell seedlings of Acacia nigrescens an

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17

Loisulie, Saiguran. "A model study of the interannual variability of Tanzanian rainfall." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6488.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 41-46)<br>The ability of the Hadley Centre Atmospheric Model version 3 (HadAM3) to capturerainfall variability patterns over Eastern Africa and the western tropical Indian Oceanduring the rainy seasons (October to December (OND) and March to May (MAM)) isassessed against data derived from National Centre for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)model and Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP). The vector windsclimatology at 850hPa and 200hPa reveals some comparable patterns in both HadAM3 andNCEP. However, there are indications that the Somali Jet

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18

Brinson, Kevin R. "An examination of precipitation variability with respect to frontal boundaries." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 113 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1251900241&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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19

Toomey, Michael R., Jeffrey P. Donnelly, and Jessica E. Tierney. "South Pacific hydrologic and cyclone variability during the last 3000 years." AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614773.

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Major excursions in the position of the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ) and/or changes in its intensity are thought to drive tropical cyclone (TC) and precipitation variability across much of the central South Pacific. A lack of conventional sites typically used for multimillennial proxy reconstructions has limited efforts to extend observational rainfall/TC data sets and our ability to fully assess the risks posed to central Pacific islands by future changes in fresh water availability or the frequency of storm landfalls. Here we use the sedimentary record of Apu Bay, offshore the islan

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20

Shah, Syed Mohammad Saeed. "The influence of spatial variability in rainfall on the catchment response." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244892.

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A new stochastic rainfall field model is described which employs the Turning Bands Method (TBM) to transform a unidimensional Gaussian process, generated by the fractional differencing process along a line, into a multidimensional space-time Gaussian process with a specified space-time correlation structure. Transformations are applied to give the rainfall process a non-Gaussian and non-stationary structure. A correction factor is introduced into the model to take account of the effect of topography on rainfall. The model has been applied to the small upland Wye catchment in mid Wales (area 10

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21

Mandapaka, Venkata Pradeep Krajewski Witold F. "Role of rainfall variability in the statistical structure of peak flows." [Iowa City, Iowa] : University of Iowa, 2009. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/403.

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22

Turner, Barry John. "Spatial sampling and vertical variability effects on microwave radiometer rainfall estimates." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59910.

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Three-dimensional radar data for three Florida storms are used with a radiative transfer model to simulate observations at 19 GHz by a nadir pointing, satellite bourne microwave radiometer. Estimates were made of spatial sampling errors due to both horizontal and vertical variability of the precipitation. Calibrated radar data were taken as realistic representations of rainfall fields.<br>The optimal conversion between microwave brightness temperature and rainfall rate was highly sensitive to the spatial resolution of observations. Retrievals were made from the simulated microwave measurements

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23

Mandapaka, Venkata Pradeep. "Role of rainfall variability in the statistical structure of peak flows." Diss., University of Iowa, 2009. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/403.

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This thesis examines the role of rainfall variability and uncertainties on the spatial scaling structure of peak flows using the Whitewater River basin in Kansas, and Iowa River basin in Iowa as illustrations. We illustrate why considering individual hydrographs at the outlet of a basin can lead to misleading interpretations of the effects of rainfall variability. The variability of rainfall is characterized in terms of storm intensity, duration, advection velocity, zero-rain intermittency, variance and spatial correlation structure. We begin with the simple scenario of a basin receiving spati

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Achuthavarier, Deepthi. "Role of the Indian and Pacific Oceans in the Indian summer monsoon variability." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/4524.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2009.<br>Vita: p. 179. Thesis director: V. Krishnamurthy. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Climate Dynamics. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed June 10, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-178). Also issued in print.

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25

Fowler, Hayley Jane. "The impacts of climatic change and variability on water resources in Yorkshire." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/432.

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Observational evidence and future climate change scenarios suggest an amplification of climatic contrasts across the UK. This is seen most prominently in the marked increase in notable flood events and drought episodes and may profoundly affect water resource systems in vulnerable areas, as exemplified by the 1995 Yorkshire drought. The 1995-96 drought resulted in severe stress to the Yorkshire water supply, necessitating the emergency measure of tanking in water from outside the region, and was caused by an unusual pattern of weather and precipitation. This research is an investigation into b

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26

Farnsworth, Alexander James. "Rainfall variability and the impact of land cover change over central Africa." Thesis, University of Reading, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.654486.

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27

Muthusamy, Manoranjan. "Accounting for rainfall variability in sediment wash-off modelling using uncertainty propagation." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20905/.

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Urban surface sediment is a major source of pollution as it acts as a transport medium for many contaminants. Accurate modelling of sediment wash-off from urban surfaces requires an understanding of the effect of variability in the external drivers such as rainfall on the wash-off process. This study investigates the uncertainty created due to the urban-scale variability of rainfall, in sediment wash-off predictions. Firstly, a rigorous geostatistical method was developed that quantifies uncertainty due to spatial rainfall variability of rainfall at an urban scale. The new method was applied t

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28

Manhique, Atanásio João. "The South Indian Convergence Zone and relationship with rainfall variability in Mozambique." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6492.

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Includes abstract.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-145).<br>Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation and sea surface temperatures in the South Indian Ocean, associated with the South Indian Convergence Zone (SICZ), the main rain producing system over southern Africa, and links with rainfall over Mozambique, are analysed. Cluster analysis applied to gridded outgoing long-wave radiation data, were used to identify convective activity related to the tropical temperate troughs that collectively form the SICZ. Intraseasonal and inter-annual variability of these systems and the

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29

Zhu, Chunmei. "Role of antecedent land surface conditions on North American monsoon rainfall variability /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10140.

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30

Palanisamy, Bakkiyalakshmi. "Evaluation of SWAT model - subdaily runoff prediction in Texas watersheds." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5921.

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Spatial variability of rainfall is a significant factor in hydrologic and water quality modeling. In recent years, characterizing and analyzing the effect of spatial variability of rainfall in hydrologic applications has become vital with the advent of remotely sensed precipitation estimates that have high spatial resolution. In this study, the effect of spatial variability of rainfall in hourly runoff generation was analyzed using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for Big Sandy Creek and Walnut Creek Watersheds in North Central Texas. The area of the study catchments was 808 km2 and 1

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31

Tanaka, Tomohiro. "Extreme flood frequency analysis and flood risk curve development considering spatiotemporal rainfall variability." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/217150.

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32

Zahid. "The influence of Asian monsoon variability on precipitation patterns over the Maldives." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Geography, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5891.

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Asian climate varies on various spatial and temporal scales and has a wide spectrum of climatic characteristics. Climate variability, especially decadal to inter-annual scale rainfall variability across Asia has gained considerable attention of climatologists over the last century due to the fact that rainfall variability is known to have caused considerable damage to southern Asian nations. Until recent, much of the existing literature on southern Asian climate focused on India and it is only recently that studies have focused on countries other than India. Although the Maldives is a nation w

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33

Nsubuga, F. W. N. (Francis Wasswa Nkugwa). "Climate variability and its implication for water resources and livelihoods in Uganda." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40256.

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This thesis examines the climatic trends of rainfall and temperature in Uganda using historical data. And because climate is an important aspect in water resources management and livelihoods formation, an attempt to explain how the interaction impacts on the two is made in the context of climate variability and change. The assumption is that climate change/variability has had an effect on water resources management and the way individual, households and society at large form livelihoods in Uganda. The rationale for the investigation is the number of climate and livelihood related studies that

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34

Mya, Thandar Toe. "RAINFALL VARIABILITY, LAND COVER DYNAMICS AND LOCAL LIVELIHOOD IN DRY ZONE, CENTRAL MYANMAR." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215601.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(農学)<br>甲第19775号<br>農博第2171号<br>新制||農||1041(附属図書館)<br>学位論文||H28||N4991(農学部図書室)<br>32811<br>京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻<br>(主査)教授神﨑護, 教授柴田昌三, 教授大澤晃, 外国人教師鄭克聲<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当

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35

Breytenbach, Elvira. "Following the Rains: Evidence and Perceptions Relating to Rainfall Variability in Western Uganda." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/geosciences_theses/63.

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There have been reports that rainfall in East Africa is changing or becoming more variable. This can have significant implications for conservation initiatives and the food security of this populace region that is heavily reliant on the rain fed agricultural system. The perceptions of farmers regarding rainfall along with 30 years of satellite data and 16 years of ground level observations were analyzed in order to characterize rainfall in and around Kibale National Park, a protected area in the Ugandan portion of the Albertine Rift. Two homogenous rainfall regions exist in the area, and the o

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36

Haylock, Malcolm. "Interannual variability of mean and extreme rainfall and relationship with large-scale circulation." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427078.

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37

Gong, Cuiling 1964. "The role of land-atmosphere-ocean interactions in rainfall variability over West Africa." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38753.

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38

Ambrosino, C. "Rainfall variability in southern Africa : drivers, climate change impacts and implications for agriculture." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1322446/.

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Southern Africa is characterised by a high degree of rainfall variability affecting agriculture among other sectors. The focus of this study is to investigate such variability and to identify stable relationships with its potential drivers in the climate system. These relationships are used as the basis for the statistical downscaling of climate model (GCM) outputs. From the simulated rainfall, indices representative of growing season characteristics are computed with the final purpose of studying the implications on maize cropping under a future climate change scenario. The analysis uses gene

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39

Engelbrecht, Johanna. "Dynamics of climate variability over the all-year rainfall region of South Africa." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53490.

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Climatologically, the Cape south coast is unique in the sense that it lacks the pronounced seasonality observed over the remainder of South Africa. Here, rainfall occurs all-year round, implying that rainfall-producing systems characteristic of both the winter and summer rainfall regions contribute to rainfall over the Cape south coast. However, the relative contributions of different rain-producing weather systems to annual rainfall have not been quantified to date. This region has also not received as much attention as the winter and summer rainfall regions of the country with regards

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40

Hernandez, Tatiana X. "Rainfall-Runoff Modeling in Humid Shallow Water Table Environments." Scholar Commons, 2001. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1537.

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Simulating the processes of rainfall and runoff are at the core of hydrologic modeling. Geomorphologic features, rainfall variability, soil types, and water table depths strongly influence hydrological process in Florida ecosystems. Topographic characteristics of the terrain define the stream paths and landscape. Alteration of these characteristics as a result of urban and/or agricultural developments, for example, can highly influence wetlands and river basin response. There are two predominant landforms in Florida: wetlands, where Variable Saturated Areas form near streams causing saturation

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41

Foxall, David William. "Daily rainfall variability in southern central Africa : an analysis of recent and future behaviour." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410311.

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42

Bhowmick, Mansi. "Impact of soil moisture variability on convective rainfall activity over the Indian sub-continent." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17015/.

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Soil moisture is an important geophysical parameter affecting land atmosphere processes, and hence free convection, by controlling the partitioning of the surface heat flux into latent and sensible heat flux. Interaction between these fluxes and the atmosphere gives rise to different types of soil moisture-precipitation feedback, namely “wet advantage” where rain is favoured over a wet (high latent heat flux) surface and “dry advantage” where rain is favoured over a dry (high sensible heat flux) surface. Previous studies over different parts of the world have shown that these feedback processe

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43

Smart, Catherine Ann. "Rainfall variability and drought in the central and northern KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg : 1955-2015." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65946.

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This study assesses the temporal rainfall variability trends, the effects on river discharge and the identification of drought periods across the central and northern Drakensberg (1955 – 2015), as well as at a catchment scale, in the Sterkspruit Catchment. Records from five stations, covering the central and northern Drakensberg, indicate that there is a statistically significant decrease in rainfall over the recording period. The long-term trends in interannual variability show an increase in the variability of annual rainfall over the five stations. The mean annual rainfall in the Drakensber

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44

Lo, Ping-kwong Paul, and 盧炳光. "Quantifying the climatic impacts on rainfall in South China and water discharge in the Pearl River (Zhujiang), China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206565.

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Monthly and annual changes in precipitation in South China during 1990-2011 are examined in this study. As located in the sub-tropical climate zone, the annual rainfall in South China is concentrated in the summer. During the same period of time, an average of 9 tropical cyclones approaching South China each year which also contribute ample of rainfall to South China during the tropical cyclone season (June-September). Since the climatic system is interconnected, so this study attempts to examine the combined effect on inter annual rainfall variations in South China due to El Nino Southern Osc

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45

Shi, Ge. "Variability and change of the Indo-Pacific climate system and their impacts upon Australia rainfall." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Sciences, 2008. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00004784/.

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[Abstract]: Australia is one of the driest continents in the world, and over the past decades, severe drought has plagued most of the country. Water security is an important national issue. The ultimate water supply, rainfall, however, is one of the most variable ones in theworld and is complicated by the fact that it is affected by several remote oceanatmospheric teleconnection systems simultaneously, including the El Niño-SouthernOscillation, the Indian Ocean Dipole and Southern Hemisphere oceanic and atmospheric variability. These three systems sometimes conspire to produce a severe impact,

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46

Preston, Anthony. "Southern African rainfall variability and Indian Ocean sea surface temperatures : an observational and modelling study." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411052.

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47

McSweeney, Carol Frances. "Daily rainfall variability at point and areal scales : evaluating simulations of present and future climate." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439921.

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48

Maldonado, Tito. "Inter-annual variability of rainfall in Central America : Connection with global and regional climate modulators." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-304656.

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Central America is a region regularly affected by natural disasters, with most of them having a hydro-meteorological origin. Therefore, the understanding of annual changes of precipitation upon the region is relevant for planning and mitigation of natural disasters. This thesis focuses on studying the precipitation variability at annual scales in Central America within the framework of the Swedish Centre for Natural Disaster Science. The aims of this thesis are: i) to establish the main climate variability sources during the boreal winter, spring and summer by using different statistical techn

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Seregina, Larisa [Verfasser], and J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Pinto. "Rainfall Variability and Trends over the Greater Horn of Africa / Larisa Seregina ; Betreuer: J. Pinto." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1238148379/34.

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Faurés, Jean-Marc 1961. "Sensitivity of runoff to small scale spatial variability of observed rainfall in a distributed model." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192050.

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The spatial variability of rainfall is known to play an important role in the process of surface runoff generation. Yet, the typical assumption of uniform rainfall is still applied in modeling the hydrological behavior of small watersheds. To investigate the validity of this assumption, an experiment was conducted in a small catchment (4.4 ha) in a semi-arid environment. The distributed model KINEROS was used to assess the sensitivity of predicted runoff to rainfall variability. Uncertainties in estimating rainfall input were shown to have three major components: measurement errors, spatial va

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