Journal articles: 'Variable Speed Wind Turbines'

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Wang, Wei Na, Ru Mei Li, Yong Duan Song, Yong Sheng Hu, and Xub Kui Zhang. "Adaptive Variable Speed Control of Wind Turbines." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 2393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.2393.

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The uncertain and random characteristics of wind energy make the problem of wind turbine control interesting and challenging. This work investigates an adaptive method for variable speed control of wind turbines under varying operation conditions. For fixed-speed operation of wind turbines, maximum power conversion can be achieved only at a particular wind speed, thus variable speed control of wind turbines is of practical interest in enhancing wind turbine operating efficiency over wide wind speeds. Based on the nonlinear dynamic model of wind turbine, adaptive algorithms are developed in accommodating unknown system parameter uncertainties. This method is shown to be able to achieve smooth and effective tracking of rotor angular speed to capture maximum wind energy. The effectiveness and adaptation of the proposed approach is validated via numerical simulation.

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Chung, P. D. "Evaluation of Reactive Power Support Capability of Wind Turbines." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 10, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 5211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3260.

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Reactive power plays an important role in the operation of power systems, especially in the case of wind energy integration. This paper aims to evaluate the reactive power support capability of wind turbines in both normal and voltage sag conditions. The three 2MW wind turbines studied are a fixed speed wind turbine and two variable speed wind turbines with full-scale and power-scale power converters. Comparison results indicate that at normal operation, the fixed speed wind turbine with a static synchronous compensator is able to consume the highest reactive power, while the variable speed wind turbine with full-scale power converter can supply the highest reactive power. In case of low voltage, the fixed speed wind turbine with the static synchronous compensator can support the highest reactive power if the static synchronous compensator’s capacity is similar to the wind turbine’s capacity, while if its capacity is equal to 25% of the generator’s capacity, the variable speed wind turbine with full-scale power converter has the best performance.

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Ancuti, Mihaela-Codruta, Sorin Musuroi, Ciprian Sorandaru, Marian Dordescu, and Geza Mihai Erdodi. "Wind Turbines Optimal Operation at Time Variable Wind Speeds." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 20, 2020): 4232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124232.

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The wind turbine’s operation is affected by the wind speed variations, which cannot be followed by the wind turbine due to the large moment of the power plant’s inertia. The method proposed in this paper belongs to the wind turbine power curves (WTPC) approach, which expresses the power curve of the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) by a set of mathematical equations. The WTPC research papers published before now have not taken into consideration the total power plant inertia at time-variable wind speeds, when the wind turbine’s optimal operation is very difficult to be reached, and its efficiency is thus threatened. The study is based on a wind turbine having a large moment of total inertia, and demonstrates, through extensive simulation results, that the optimal values of the PMSG’s power can be determined based on the kinetic motion equation. This PMSG’s optimal power represents an ideal time-varying curve, and the wind turbine should be controlled so as to closely follow it. For this purpose, proportional integral (PI) and proportional integral derivative (PID) type-based control methods were implemented and analyzed, so that the PMSG’s power oscillations could be reduced, and the PMSG’s angular speed value made comparable to the optimal one, meaning that the wind turbine operates within the optimal operation area, and is efficient. The simulations are actually the numerical solutions obtained by using the Scientific Workplace simulation environment, and they are based on the wind speed measurements collected from a wind farm located in Dobrogea, Romania.

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Khelifi, Cherif, Fateh Ferroudji, Farouk Meguellati, and Khaled Koussa. "Heuristic Coupling Design-Optimization between a Variable Speed Generator and a Wind Rotor." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 32 (September 2017): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.32.133.

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A high emergence of wind energy into the electricity market needs a parallel efficient advance of wind power forecasting models. Determining optimal specific speed and drive-train ratio is crucial to describe, comprehend and optimize the coupling design between a wind turbine-rotor and an electric generator (EG) to capture maximum output power from the wind. The selection of the specific design speed to drive a generator is limited. It varies from (1-4) for vertical axis wind turbines and (6-8) for horizontal axis wind turbines. Typically, the solution is an iterative procedure, for selecting the adequate multiplier ratio giving the output power curve. The latter must be relatively appreciated to inlet and nominal rated wind speeds. However, instead of this tedious and costly method, in the present paper we are developing a novel heuristic coupling approach, which is economical, easy to describe and applicable for all types of variable speed wind turbines (VSWTs). The principle method is based on the fact that the mechanical power needed of the wind turbine (WT) to drive the EG must be permanently closer to the maximum mechanical power generated by the (WT).

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Ledesma, Pablo, and Julio Usaola. "Contribution of Variable-Speed Wind Turbines to Voltage Control." Wind Engineering 26, no. 6 (November 2002): 347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/030952402765173349.

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Variable speed, grid connected, wind turbines open new possibilities for voltage control, because they use electronic converters, which may regulate the reactive power interchange with the grid. This paper proposes two voltage control schemes for variable speed wind turbines with double-fed induction generator. The first scheme acts on the wind-turbine power factor, while the latter acts directly on the converter current. Advantages and drawbacks of both techniques are discussed. Both control techniques have been tested by simulations of a base case, which represent a synchronous generator, a wind farm and a local load, and several disturbances such as the loss of compensator capacitors.

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Gámez, Manuel, and Ollin Peñaloza. "Nonlinear adaptive power tracking control of variable-speed wind turbines." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 233, no. 3 (August 13, 2018): 289–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651818791675.

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Various power control strategies in variable-speed wind turbines assume that the whole system parameters are known and accurate wind speed measurements are available, which is not necessarily satisfied in practice. In this article, two nonlinear adaptive control strategies, which are independent on the knowledge of the system parameters and the wind speed measurements, are proposed for power regulation and tracking, in variable-speed wind turbines. One of these strategies does not even require the rotor acceleration, differently from other works. Both control strategies are formally proven by the Lyapunov method. The effectiveness of the proposed controllers is illustrated using the FAST wind turbine simulator under a turbulent wind profile.

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Kong, Yigang, and Zhixin Wang. "Modelling and Analysing the Hydraulic Variable-Pitch Mechanism for a Variable-Speed Wind Turbine." Wind Engineering 31, no. 5 (October 2007): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/030952407783418711.

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Modern wind turbines are controlled in varying wind speed by blade pitching for power control. To satisfy the requirement of large driving forces and torques, fast response and high stiffness, hydraulic technology is usually used in the variable-pitch mechanism. The model of the hydraulic variable-pitch mechanism (HVPM) is simplified by a first-order inertia system in most literature. This simplified representation neglects the actual characteristics of the HVPM, and it is not precise and reasonable. Therefore, HVPM modelling is implemented and analyzed in this paper. Simulation results show that consequently the variable-speed wind turbine performs well at above-rated wind speeds.

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Muljadi, E., and C. P. Butterfield. "Dynamic Simulation of a Wind Farm With Variable-Speed Wind Turbines." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 125, no. 4 (November 1, 2003): 410–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1621674.

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Wind power generation has increased very rapidly in the past few years. The total U.S. wind power capacity by the end of 2002 was 4,685 megawatts. As wind power capacity increases, it becomes increasingly important to study the impact of wind farm output on the surrounding power networks. In this paper, we attempt to simulate a wind farm by including the properties of the wind turbine, the wind speed time series, the characteristics of surrounding power network, and reactive power compensation. Mechanical stress and fatigue load of the wind turbine components are beyond the scope this paper. The paper emphasizes the impact of the wind farms on the electrical side of the power network. We investigate a typical wind farm with variable-speed wind turbines connected to an existing power grid. We also examine different control strategies for feeding wind energy into the power network and present the advantages and disadvantages.

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Ren, Yan, Chuanli Gong, Dekuan Wang, and Dianwei Qian. "Adaptive Integral Sliding Mode Control via Fuzzy Logic for Variable Speed Wind Turbines." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 28, no. 6 (December 20, 2016): 921–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2016.p0921.

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[abstFig src='/00280006/16.jpg' width='300' text='Schematic of a wind turbine' ] Concerning variable speed wind turbines, this study suggests a control scheme that combines integral sliding mode control (I-SMC) and fuzzy logic. The control task is to maintain the output power at the rated value for variable operating points. Wind turbines suffer from serious nonlinearities that challenge the control task. To attack the issue, the nonlinear turbine model is linearized at some typical operating points. Then, pitch-angle and generator-torque controllers based on the linearized turbine models are formulated by the I-SMC approach. Meanwhile, a fuzzy inference system is designed to weight those controllers. Not only the scheme can stabilize nonlinear wind turbines, but also the control system is robust to resist wind-speed variations. Some results are presented to show the performance of the control scheme.

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Lan, Zhi Chao, Lin Tao Hu, Yin Xue, and De Liang Zen. "The Modeling and Simulation of Wind Turbines and the Design of Pitch Control System." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 2323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.2323.

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An increasing number of large wind turbines with a variable-speed variable pitch control mechanism are developed to improve the response speed of wind turbines and get maximum active power .Designing a reasonable pitch control system requires both a good control scheme and a more accurate wind turbine model. Base on the analysis of wind turbines’ principle, a local linearization model of wind turbine is built by using linearization method of small deviation in this paper. The model’s inputs are the data of wind speed and pitch angle, and the output is the active power. The accuracy of the model is verified by studying the active power output of wind turbine under different circumstances in which the pitch angle changes with a constant wind speed and the wind speed changes with a constant pitch angle. At the same time, this paper provides pitch control program based on internal model control after analyzing the disadvantages of PID pitch controller. When the wind speed is beyond the rating, the active power can be limited reasonably around the power rating of wind turbines by adjusting the pitch angle.

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Barambones, Oscar. "Robust Wind Speed Estimation and Control of Variable Speed Wind Turbines." Asian Journal of Control 21, no. 2 (April 19, 2018): 856–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asjc.1779.

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Morren, Johan, Jan Pierik, and Sjoerd W. H. de Haan. "Inertial response of variable speed wind turbines." Electric Power Systems Research 76, no. 11 (July 2006): 980–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2005.12.002.

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Kanellos, F. D., and N. D. Hatziargyriou. "Comparison between Types of Generation for Wind Turbines Operating in Stochastic Wind." Wind Engineering 26, no. 6 (November 2002): 411–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/030952402765173394.

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This paper analyses the repercussions from the connection of Wind Parks on the operation of weak electricity distribution systems, based on simulation results. Three different cases concerning Fixed Speed Wind Turbines are studied. Also Variable Speed Wind Turbines are examined, using (i), doubly-fed induction machines, and (ii), a dual voltage-source converter cascade. All these types of wind turbines are assumed to be equipped with asynchronous machines. The effects on the voltage profile caused by both Fixed and Variable Speed Wind Turbines are compared. The advantages of the variable speed operation are confirmed. The possible increase in the installed capacity of a Wind Park with variable speed turbines, as compared with fixed speed turbines maintaining the same power quality standards, is estimated. The distribution system studied is an actual feeder located in a rural area at the southeast of mainland Greece. This area presents excellent wind potential and as a result independent power producers have expressed a considerable interest for the installation of Wind Parks.

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Gigue`re, P., and M. S. Selig. "Desirable Airfoil Characteristics for Large Variable-Speed Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 119, no. 3 (August 1, 1997): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2888028.

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In an effort to define the desirable airfoil characteristics for large variable-speed wind turbines, a systematic study was performed using a series of airfoils designed to have similar aerodynamic properties, except for the amount of lift, which varied over a wide range. For several airfoil combinations, blade shapes were designed for a 750-kW wind turbine with a 48.8-m diameter rotor using the optimization code PROPGA together with PROPID, which is an inverse design method for horizontalaxis wind turbines. Roughness effects, including the consideration of dirty-blade performance in the blade-shape optimization process, were also considered and are discussed. The results and conclusions reveal practical design implications that should aid in the aerodynamic blade design of not only large but also other sizes of variable-speed wind turbines.

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Rajendran, Saravanakumar, and Debashisha Jena. "Control of Variable Speed Variable Pitch Wind Turbine at Above and Below Rated Wind Speed." Journal of Wind Energy 2014 (October 22, 2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/709128.

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The paper presents a nonlinear approach to wind turbine (WT) using two-mass model. The main aim of the controller in the WT is to maximize the energy output at varying wind speed. In this work, a combination of linear and nonlinear controllers is adapted to variable speed variable pitch wind turbines (VSVPWT) system. The major operating regions of the WT are below (region 2) and above rated (region 3) wind speed. In these regions, generator torque control (region 2) and pitch control (region 3) are used. The controllers in WT are tested for below and above rated wind speed for step and vertical wind speed profile. The performances of the controllers are analyzed with nonlinear FAST (Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence) WT dynamic simulation. In this paper, two nonlinear controllers, that is, sliding mode control (SMC) and integral sliding mode control (ISMC), have been applied for region 2, whereas for pitch control in region 3 conventional PI control is used. In ISMC, the sliding manifold makes use of an integral action to show effective qualities of control in terms of the control level reduction and sliding mode switching control minimization.

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Li, Sheng Shan, Feng Yang, Lei Wang, Yong Duan Song, and Yu Zeng. "Adaptive Dynamic Sliding Mode Control Based on Offshore Variable-Speed Variable-Pitch Wind Turbines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 373-375 (August 2013): 1449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.373-375.1449.

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An adaptive dynamic sliding mode pitch control strategy for the output power control of wind generation systems in above rated wind speed range is presented in this paper. The corresponding controller is designed, which consists of an adaptive dynamic sliding mode controller, virtual damping controller. These variable pitch control systems have several advantages over the traditional wind turbines, such as reduction of the mechanical stress, improve quality of electric energy and mitigate tower fore-aft vibration and gearbox vibration. Traditionally, wind turbine pitch control system using mainly proportional integral (PI) controller. However, such kind of controller does not adequately handle some inaccuracies mainly leading to non-optimal power factor. These may decrease wind turbine performances. Therefore, using robust control and additional sensors to help the controller to achieve its objects more effectively, such as adaptive sliding mode control, damping controller will allow to tuning the wind turbine rated power to improve power quality. Finally, simulation results are demonstrated to validate the proposed controllers.

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Das, Swagata, Neeraj Karnik, and Surya Santoso. "Time-Domain Modeling of Tower Shadow and Wind Shear in Wind Turbines." ISRN Renewable Energy 2011 (October 23, 2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/890582.

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Tower shadow and wind shear contribute to periodic fluctuations in electrical power output of a wind turbine generator. The frequency of the periodic fluctuations is times the blade rotational frequency , where is the number of blades. For three-bladed wind turbines, this inherent characteristic is known as the effect. In a weak-power system, it results in voltage fluctuation or flicker at the point of common coupling of the wind turbine to the grid. The phenomenon is important to model so as to evaluate the flicker magnitude at the design level. Hence, the paper aims to develop a detailed time-domain upwind fixed speed wind turbine model which includes the turbine's aerodynamic, mechanical, electrical, as well as tower shadow and wind shear components. The model allows users to input factors such as terrain, tower height, and tower diameter to calculate the oscillations. The model can be expanded to suit studies involving variable speed wind turbines. Six case studies demonstrate how the model can be used for studying wind turbine interconnection and voltage flicker analysis. Results indicate that the model performs as expected.

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Ouhibi, Rahma, and Khaled Nouri. "Internal Model Controller for Variable-Speed Wind Turbines at High Wind Speeds." International Journal of Energy Science 6, no. 1 (2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14355/ijes.2016.0601.05.

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Ma, Miaomiao, Yushen Sun, Shaoyuan Yu, and Junjun Pan. "Nonlinear power control of variable speed wind turbines above rated wind speed." International Journal of System Control and Information Processing 2, no. 3 (2018): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijscip.2018.092313.

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Pan, Junjun, Shaoyuan Yu, Miaomiao Ma, and Yushen Sun. "Nonlinear power control of variable speed wind turbines above rated wind speed." International Journal of System Control and Information Processing 2, no. 3 (2018): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijscip.2018.10013486.

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Li, Hongwei, Kaide Ren, Haiying Dong, and Shuaibing Li. "On Variable-Universe Fuzzy Control for Drive Chain of Front-End Speed Regulated Wind Generator." Advances in Fuzzy Systems 2019 (March 19, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2042874.

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The rapid development of wind generation technology has boosted types of the new topology wind turbines. Among the recently invented new wind turbines, the front-end speed regulated (FSR) wind turbine has attracted a lot of attention. Unlike conventional wind turbine, the speed regulation of the FSR machines is realized by adjusting the guide vane angle of a hydraulic torque converter, which is converterless and much more grid-friendly as the electrically excited synchronous generator (EESG) is also adopted. Therefore, the drive chain control of the wind turbine owns the top priority. To ensure that the FSR wind turbine performs as a general synchronous generator, this paper firstly modeled the drive chain and then proposed to use the variable-universe fuzzy approach for the drive chain control. It helps the wind generator operate in a synchronous speed and outperform other types of wind turbines. The multipopulation genetic algorithm (MPGA) is adopted to intelligently optimize the parameters of the expansion factor of the designed variable-universe fuzzy controller (VUFC). The optimized VUFC is applied to the speed control of the drive chain of the FSR wind turbine, which effectively solves the contradiction between the low precision of the fuzzy controller and the number of rules in the fuzzy control and the control accuracy. Finally, the main shaft speed of the FSR wind turbine can reach a steady-state value around 1500 rpm. The response time of the results derived using VUFC, compared with that derived from a neural network controller, is only less than 0.5 second and there is no overshoot. The case study with the real machine parameter verifies the effectiveness of the proposal and results compared with conventional neural network controller, proving its outperformance.

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Wisatesajja, Wongsakorn, Wirachai Roynarin, and Decha Intholo. "Analysis of Influence of Tilt Angle on Variable-Speed Fixed-Pitch Floating Offshore Wind Turbines for Optimizing Power Coefficient Using Experimental and CFD Models." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.33195.

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This study focused on optimization of the power coefficient of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) to maintain their wind power performance in order to overcome problems with the tilt angle resulting from an unstable wind turbine platform, which can reduce the effective area of wind turbine energy extraction. FOWTs with a variable-speed fixed-pitch control strategy were investigated using an experimental model in a wind tunnel and a CFD simulation model for analysis and comparison, using wind speeds of 2–5.5 m/s and tilt angles of 3.5–6.1°. The results showed that average rotational speed differences of 16.4% and optimal power coefficients of 0.35–0.36 could be maintained at tip speed ratios of 7.7–9.6 during wind speeds of 3–5 m/s with tilt angles of 3.9–5.8°. The results of this study provide insights into a new concept of power coefficient optimization using variable tilt angle for small to medium fixed pitch FOWTs, to reduce the cost of pitch control systems.

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Hand, M. Maureen, and Mark J. Balas. "Systematic Controller Design Methodology for Variable-Speed Wind Turbines." Wind Engineering 24, no. 3 (May 2000): 169–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0309524001495549.

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Variable-speed, horizontal axis wind turbines use blade-pitch control to meet specified objectives for three regions of operation. This paper provides a guide for controller design for the constant power production regime. A simple, rigid, non-linear turbine model was used to systematically perform trade-off studies between two performance metrics. Minimization of both the deviation of the rotor speed from the desired speed and the motion of the actuator is desired. The robust nature of the proportional-integral-derivative controller is illustrated, and optimal operating conditions are determined. Because numerous simulation runs may be completed in a short time, the relationship between the two opposing metrics is easily visualized. Traditional controller design generally consists of linearizing a model about an operating point. This step was taken for two different operating points, and the systematic design approach was used. The surfaces generated by the systematic design approach using the two linear models are similar to those generated using the non-linear model. The gain values selected using either linear model-based design are similar to those selected using the non-linear model-based design. The linearization point selection does, however, affect the turbine performance. Inclusion of complex dynamics in the simulation may exacerbate the small differences evident in this study. Thus, knowledge of the design variation due to linearization point selection is important.

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Chudzik, Stanisław. "Model of a Wind Turbine with Variable Blade Angle." Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka 25, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14313/par_239/41.

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The article presents the results of research into the operation of a model of a wind micropower plant with a variable blade angle. The research was carried out on a miniature model of a measuring stand built for the purpose of carrying out work on pre-developed projects of wind micro power plants. The stand allows to carry out measurements related to the selection of the optimal propeller geometry, as well as the development and testing of algorithms for optimal control of the micropower plant. The physical basics of wind turbine operation and the methods of its optimal control are presented. The results of the performed measurements for the selected propeller blade geometry with the possibility of changing its setting angle are presented. A DC generator with a load with a non-linear characteristic in the form of a Li-Po battery cell was used. The results of operation of a simple MPPT control algorithm are presented. The lack of optimal control systems for the operation of micropower plants is dictated by the general belief that the costs of its production are high in relation to the possible improvement of the efficiency of micropower plants. Moreover, the practical methods of controlling larger wind turbines are not optimal for small and very small turbines. The conducted research focused on determining the possibility of using turbines with variable blade angles depending on its rotational speed. In larger wind farms, changing the blade angle is mainly used to limit the power of the turbine at high wind speeds. In micro wind power plants such solutions are not used for economic reasons. However, the use of a simple mechanism for changing the angle of the blades depending on the rotational speed of the propeller can increase the efficiency of the turbine in a wider range of wind speeds. The small dimensions of the research model allow for quick and cheap development of preliminary prototypes of turbine blades thanks to the possibility of using 3D printing technology.

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McCandless, Tyler C., and Sue Ellen Haupt. "The super-turbine wind power conversion paradox: using machine learning to reduce errors caused by Jensen's inequality." Wind Energy Science 4, no. 2 (June 4, 2019): 343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-4-343-2019.

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Abstract. Wind power is a variable generation resource and therefore requires accurate forecasts to enable integration into the electric grid. Generally, the wind speed is forecast for a wind plant and the forecasted wind speed is converted to power to provide an estimate of the expected generating capacity of the plant. The average wind speed forecast for the plant is a function of the underlying meteorological phenomena being predicted; however, the wind speed for each turbine at the farm is also a function of the local terrain and the array orientation. Conversion algorithms that assume an average wind speed for the plant, i.e., the super-turbine power conversion, assume that the effects of the local terrain and array orientation are insignificant in producing variability in the wind speeds across the turbines at the farm. Here, we quantify the differences in converting wind speed to power at the turbine level compared with a super-turbine power conversion for a hypothetical wind farm of 100 2 MW turbines as well as from empirical data. The simulations with simulated turbines show a maximum difference of approximately 3 % at 11 m s−1 with a 1 m s−1 standard deviation of wind speeds and 8 % at 11 m s−1 with a 2 m s−1 standard deviation of wind speeds as a consequence of Jensen's inequality. The empirical analysis shows similar results with mean differences between converted wind speed to power and measured power of approximately 68 kW per 2 MW turbine. However, using a random forest machine learning method to convert to power reduces the error in the wind speed to power conversion when given the predictors that quantify the differences due to Jensen's inequality. These significant differences can lead to wind power forecasters overestimating the wind generation when utilizing a super-turbine power conversion for high wind speeds, and indicate that power conversion is more accurately done at the turbine level if no other compensatory mechanism is used to account for Jensen's inequality.

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Li, Feng Ting, and En Rang Zheng. "Research on Maximum Power Point Tracking Control System of Variable Speed Wind Turbine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 65 (June 2011): 389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.65.389.

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This paper analyzes the operating characteristics of wind turbine and introduces the principle of maximum power point tracking control system of variable speed wind turbine. A improved maximum power tracking control strategy is proposed for large inertia wind power systems in order to achieve maximum wind power capture and increased utilization of wind energy when wind turbines is below the rated wind speed. A variable speed wind power generation system is modeled and simulated in the Simulink environment of the Matlab .The simulation results proves the correctness and feasibility of the tracking control strategy suggested in this paper.

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Wang, Lin, Xinzi Tang, and Xiongwei Liu. "Blade Design Optimisation for Fixed-Pitch Fixed-Speed Wind Turbines." ISRN Renewable Energy 2012 (August 16, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/682859.

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Fixed-pitch fixed-speed (FPFS) wind turbines have some distinct advantages over other topologies for small wind turbines, particularly for low wind speed sites. The blade design of FPFS wind turbines is fundamentally different to fixed-pitch variable-speed wind turbine blade design. Theoretically, it is difficult to obtain a global mathematical solution for the blade design optimisation. Through case studies of a given baseline wind turbine and its blade airfoil, this paper aims to demonstrate a practical method for optimum blade design of FPFS small wind turbines. The optimum blade design is based on the aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil, that is, the lift and drag coefficients, and the annual mean wind speed. The design parameters for the blade optimisation include design wind speed, design tip speed ratio, and design attack angle. A series of design case studies using various design parameters are investigated for the wind turbine blade design. The design outcomes are analyzed and compared to each other against power performance of the rotor and annual energy production. The design outcomes from the limited design cases demonstrate clearly which blade design provides the best performance. This approach can be used for any practice of FPFS wind turbine blade design and refurbishment.

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Zheng, G., H. Xu, X. Wang, and J. Zou. "Study on a global control strategy for rotation speed with different work states in variable-speed constant-frequency wind turbines." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 225, no. 7 (August 22, 2011): 968–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651811400949.

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This paper studies the operation of wind turbines in terms of three phases: start-up phase, power-generation phase, and shutdown phase. Relationships between the operational phase and control rules for the speed of rotation are derived for each of these phases. Taking into account the characteristics of the control strategies in the different operational phases, a global control strategy is designed to ensure the stable operation of the wind turbine in all phases. The results of simulations are presented that indicate that the proposed algorithm can control the individual phases when considered in isolation and also when they are considered in combination. Thus, a global control strategy for a wind turbine that is based on a single algorithm is presented which could have significant implications on the control and use of wind turbines.

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Honrubia-Escribano, Andrés, Francisco Jiménez-Buendía, Jorge Luis Sosa-Avendaño, Pascal Gartmann, Sebastian Frahm, Jens Fortmann, Poul Ejnar Sørensen, and Emilio Gómez-Lázaro. "Fault-Ride Trough Validation of IEC 61400-27-1 Type 3 and Type 4 Models of Different Wind Turbine Manufacturers." Energies 12, no. 16 (August 7, 2019): 3039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12163039.

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The participation of wind power in the energy mix of current power systems is progressively increasing, with variable-speed wind turbines being the leading technology in recent years. In this line, dynamic models of wind turbines able to emulate their response against grid disturbances, such as voltage dips, are required. To address this issue, the International Electronic Commission (IEC) 61400-27-1, published in 2015, defined four generic models of wind turbines for transient stability analysis. To achieve a widespread use of these generic wind turbine models, validations with field data are required. This paper performs the validation of three generic IEC 61400-27-1 variable-speed wind turbine model topologies (type 3A, type 3B and type 4A). The validation is implemented by comparing simulation results with voltage dip measurements performed on six different commercial wind turbines based on field campaigns conducted by three wind turbine manufacturers. Both IEC validation approaches, the play-back and the full system simulation, were implemented. The results show that the generic full-scale converter topology is accurately adjusted to the different real wind turbines and, hence, manufacturers are encouraged to the develop generic IEC models.

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Papathanassiou, S. A., and M. P. Papadopoulos. "Dynamic behavior of variable speed wind turbines under stochastic wind." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 14, no. 4 (1999): 1617–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/60.815114.

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Vidal, Yolanda, Leonardo Acho, Ningsu Luo, Mauricio Zapateiro, and Francesc Pozo. "Power Control Design for Variable-Speed Wind Turbines." Energies 5, no. 8 (August 13, 2012): 3033–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en5083033.

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Lu, Zongtao, and Wei Lin. "Asymptotic Tracking Control of Variable-Speed Wind Turbines." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 44, no. 1 (January 2011): 8457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20110828-6-it-1002.00535.

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Leithead, W. E., and B. Connor. "Control of variable speed wind turbines: Dynamic models." International Journal of Control 73, no. 13 (January 2000): 1173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002071700417830.

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Leithead, W. E., and B. Connor. "Control of variable speed wind turbines: Design task." International Journal of Control 73, no. 13 (January 2000): 1189–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002071700417849.

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Ozbay, U., E. Zergeroglu, and S. Sivrioglu. "Adaptive backstepping control of variable speed wind turbines." International Journal of Control 81, no. 6 (June 2008): 910–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207170701519078.

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Ghosh, Sudipta, and Nilanjan Senroy. "Electromechanical Dynamics of Controlled Variable-Speed Wind Turbines." IEEE Systems Journal 9, no. 2 (June 2015): 639–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2013.2280037.

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Chen, Z., and E. Spooner. "Grid power quality with variable speed wind turbines." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 16, no. 2 (June 2001): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/60.921466.

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Chen, Z., and E. Spooner. "Grid Power Quality with Variable-Speed Wind Turbines." IEEE Power Engineering Review 21, no. 6 (June 2001): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mper.2001.4311429.

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Manwell, J. F., J. G. McGowan, and B. H. Bailey. "Electrical/mechanical options for variable speed wind turbines." Solar Energy 46, no. 1 (1991): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(91)90105-6.

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Boukhezzar, B., L. Lupu, H. Siguerdidjane, and M. Hand. "Multivariable control strategy for variable speed, variable pitch wind turbines." Renewable Energy 32, no. 8 (July 2007): 1273–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2006.06.010.

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Zhou, Hao, Bin Qin, Ran Li, Hai Jun Xu, Ming Feng Cao, and Xin Wang. "PSO Based Self-Tuning PID Pitch Control for Wind Power Generation System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 370–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.370.

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Most variable speed wind turbines have pitch angle control mechanisms and one of their objectives is to protect turbines when the wind speed is too high. Pitch angle control is the most common means for adjusting the aerodynamic torque of the wind turbine when wind speed is above rated speed. The paper deals with optimal tuning of a PID controller for pitch angle control in wind turbines using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. The particle swarm optimization is used for achieving the correction coefficient values of deviation which are sent to the controller so that the control effect of chlorination system is improved. Simulation results prove the effectiveness of proposed control strategy. System can eliminate the wind speed disturbance and provide good transient and robust performance.

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Wang, S. X., Z. X. Li, D. X. Sun, and X. X. Xie. "Predictive Control and Simulation for Variable-Pitch Wind Turbines." Advanced Materials Research 562-564 (August 2012): 1012–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.562-564.1012.

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In order to avoid the limitations of traditional mechanism modeling method, a neural network (NN) model of variable - pitch wind turbine is built by the NN modeling method based on field data. Then considering that from wind turbine’s startup to grid integration, the generator speed must be controlled to rise to the synchronous speed smoothly and precisely, a neural network model predictive control (NNMPC) strategy based on the small-world optimization algorithm (SWOA) is proposed. Simulation results show that the strategy can forecast the change of generator rotational speed based on the wind speed disturbance, making the controller act ahead to eliminate the impact of system delay. Furthermore, the system output can track the reference trajectory well, making sure that the system can connect the electricity grid steadily.

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Dai, Wen Jin, and Hai Jing Liu. "Research on Control Strategy of Maximum Power Point Tracking of VSCF Wind Generation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 29-32 (August 2010): 2176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.2176.

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Variable speed constant frequency wind turbines can get the maximum power by adjusting the rotor speed of the induction generator according to the variable wind speed. The mathematical relationship between wind speed of wind generation and power of wind turbine power is studied in this paper, then control strategy of maximum power point tracking consists of comparative law of the greatest power, table look-up scheme of the best tip speed ratio and a variable step mountain climb algorithm and the like., and advantages and drawbacks of them are compared. Finally a variable step mountain climb algorithm for an induction generator is studied and the wind turbine model is tested by MATLAB simulation. System simulation results have confirmed the functionality and performance of this method.

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Bassi, H., and Y. A. Mobarak. "State-Space Modeling and Performance Analysis of Variable-Speed Wind Turbine Based on a Model Predictive Control Approach." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 7, no. 2 (April 24, 2017): 1436–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1015.

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Advancements in wind energy technologies have led wind turbines from fixed speed to variable speed operation. This paper introduces an innovative version of a variable-speed wind turbine based on a model predictive control (MPC) approach. The proposed approach provides maximum power point tracking (MPPT), whose main objective is to capture the maximum wind energy in spite of the variable nature of the wind’s speed. The proposed MPC approach also reduces the constraints of the two main functional parts of the wind turbine: the full load and partial load segments. The pitch angle for full load and the rotating force for the partial load have been fixed concurrently in order to balance power generation as well as to reduce the operations of the pitch angle. A mathematical analysis of the proposed system using state-space approach is introduced. The simulation results using MATLAB/SIMULINK show that the performance of the wind turbine with the MPC approach is improved compared to the traditional PID controller in both low and high wind speeds.

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Udalov, Sergey N., Andrey A. Achitaev, Alexander G. Pristup, Boris M. Bochenkov, Yuri Pankratz, and Richard D. Tarbill. "Increasing the regulating ability of a wind turbine in a local power system using magnetic continuous variable transmission." Wind Engineering 42, no. 5 (June 17, 2018): 411–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309524x18780404.

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The paper is devoted to investigations of dynamic processes in a local power system consisting of wind turbines with a magnetic continuously variable transmission. Due to low inertia of wind turbine generator rotors, there is a problem of ensuring dynamic stability at sharp load changes or at short circuits in an autonomous power system. To increase dynamic stability of the system, two algorithms for controlling a magnetic continuously variable transmission are presented. The first algorithm stabilizes a rotation speed of the high-speed rotor of a magnetic continuously variable transmission from the generator side in a local power system consisting of wind turbines with uniform synchronous generators with permanent magnets having equal moments of inertia. Undoubtedly, local power systems having only the wind turbines with equal mechanical inertia time constants are not widely used due to stochastic nature of wind energy. Therefore, wind power systems are combined with a diesel generator or a gas-turbine unit. Investigations show that the use of the only speed stabilization algorithm is not enough for such power systems, because there is a possibility for occurrence of asynchronous operation under specific power changes due to the difference in moments of inertia of generator rotors. Thus, the second algorithm uses the phase shift compensation in accordance with a primary generator in an autonomous power system consisting of non-uniform generators having different mechanical inertia time constants. As a primary generator, a diesel generator or a gas-turbine unit having a primary speed controller may be used. It should be noted that algorithms of stabilization for speed and phase angle are extended by an inertial circuit of aerodynamic compensation for torque of rotation from the wind turbine side to reduce loading on an energy storage unit of the magnetic continuously variable transmission at disturbances from the generator side and the turbine side.

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Khezami, Nadhira, Xavier Guillaud, and Naceur Benhadj Braiek. "Multimodel LQ controller design for variable-speed and variable pitch wind turbines at high wind speeds." International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control 15, no. 2 (2012): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmic.2012.045217.

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Maria Bossio, José, Guillermo Rubén Bossio, and Cristian Hernán De Angelo. "A Fault Detection Technique For Variable-speed Wind Turbines Using Vibrations And Electrical Measurements." Eletrônica de Potência 19, no. 4 (November 1, 2014): 386–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18618/rep.2014.4.386396.

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Neagoe, Mircea, Radu Saulescu, Codruta Jaliu, and Ion Neagoe. "Dynamic Analysis of a Single-Rotor Wind Turbine with Counter-Rotating Electric Generator under Variable Wind Speed." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 8834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11198834.

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This paper presents a theoretical study of the dynamic behaviour of a wind turbine consisting of a wind rotor, a speed increaser with fixed axes, and a counter-rotating electric generator, operating in variable wind conditions. In the first part, the dynamic analytical model of the wind turbine mechanical system is elaborated based on the dynamic equations associated with the component rigid bodies and the linear mechanical characteristics associated with the direct current (DC) generator and wind rotor. The paper proposes a method for identifying the coefficients of the wind rotor mechanical characteristics depending on the wind speed. The numerical simulations performed in Simulink-MATLAB by MathWorks on a case study of a 10 kW wind turbine highlight the variation with the time of the kinematic parameters (angular speeds and accelerations), torques and powers for wind system shafts, as well as the mechanical efficiency, both in transient and steady-state regimes, considering variable wind speed. The analytical and numerical results are helpful for researchers, designers, developers, and practitioners of wind turbines aiming to optimise their construction and functionality through virtual prototyping.

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Luo, Yong Shui, Min Qiang Zhou, Wei Jiang Liu, Qi Chen, and Shou Bin Wang. "Research Modal Analysis Method of MW Wind Turbines." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 1524–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.1524.

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In order to explore the modal characteristics of the wind turbine, this paper researches how these natural frequencies of the major structural components within the operation speed range to avoid coupled resonance phenomenon. Aiming at 1500kW variable speed variable pitch double-fed wind turbines which are the mature products in market, the whole wind turbine dynamic modal equations are established by Lagrange method, and then process on-site testing is carried out to obtain measured modal characteristic parameters. The results of both theoretical and measured dates show that deviation between theoretical data and measured data, how the subsystem boundary conditions simplified methods to influence the rotor system natural frequencies, how the subsystem boundary conditions simplified methods to change the cross point of the rotor system natural frequencies with rotor speed 3P, and solution for wind turbine pass the cross point. The results will provide a certain extent guidance for the wind turbine development, design and optimization.

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Viswambharan, Amulya. "Comparison of SCIG and DFIG Wind Turbines during Variable Wind Speed." IJIREEICE 4, no. 2 (February 15, 2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17148/ijireeice.2016.4201.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Variable Speed Wind Turbines'

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