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Academic literature on the topic 'Variable Tannin Content'
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Journal articles on the topic "Variable Tannin Content"
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Ariana, Diah, Nastiti Kartikorini, and Siti Mardiyah. "PROFIL TANIN PADA TEH SEDUH DENGAN PAPARAN SUHU PENYEDUHAN YANG BERBEDA." JOURNAL OF MUHAMMADIYAH MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGIST 4, no. 1 (2021): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.30651/jmlt.v4i1.7605.
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Abstract Tea is a beverage widely consumed by all levels of society as in addition to economic and easy to get, tea is also deemed to provide health benefits. One of the compounds that plays a role as antioxidant and antimicrobial in the tea for body health is tannin. The size of tannin content received by body depends on the way of processing tea before drinking. The higher the infusion temperature of tea infusion, it will make the content of tannin in the drinks is increasing. So the statement of problem in this research is whether there is any effect of infusion temperature on tannin content in tea infusion. This research aims to find out the effect of infusion temperature on tannin content in tea infusion. The type is experimental research. The sample is infused tea mostly consumed by people which is sold in market of Pacar Keling Surabaya. Total of samples used in this research is 40 grams of infused tea packages divided into two (2) treatments with 8 repetitions in each treatment. The variables are independent variable namely infusion temperature while the dependent variable is tannin content. From the examination of tannin content based on infusion temperature, it is known that the average of tannin content with infusion temperature of 700C and 1000C is 42.84% and 43.41% in a gram unit or 100 grams of infused water. The result of paired t test shows there is no effect of infusion temperature on tannin content in infusion tea with significant value more than 0.05 or 5%. Possible factor of no influence of temperature on tannin content is the length of infusion used which shall be not too long around 3-5 minutes. Password: Tea, Infusion Temperature, Tannin
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Dewi, Luthfi Kurnia, Kresna Purwandaru, Nurul Istikomah Maulida, and Aji Hendra Sarosa. "Batch Adsorption of Tannins from Stevia Leaf Extract using Activated Carbon: An Investigation into Adsorption Isotherms and Adsorption Energy." Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan 19, no. 1 (2024): 104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.23955/rkl.v18i2.34370.
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Stevia leaf extract (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) could have been utilized as an alternative natural sweetener because it possessed a sweetness level 300 times that of sucrose sugar. However, stevia leaf extract still contained a bitter taste attributed to the presence of tannins. The method that can be used to reduce tannin content is batch adsorption using activated carbon. This study aimed to investigate the batch adsorption process for the tannin content of stevia leaf extract using activated carbon with variable adsorption times ranging from 5 to 180 minutes, which included the appropriate adsorption isotherm model and adsorption energy. Stevia leaves were extracted through maceration with 70% ethanol. The results of the stevia leaf extract were adsorbed in batches using activated carbon treated with 1M NaOH. The analysis was carried out by testing the tannin content (mg/g TAE) using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 735 nm and calculating the adsorption isotherm and adsorption energy. The results showed that the tannin content before adsorption was 0.910 mg/g TAE, and the lowest tannin content was 0.040 mg/g TAE at 100 minutes. The tannin content decreased between 5–90 minutes, remained constant, reached equilibrium at 95–120 minutes, and increased again at 125–180 minutes. The suitable adsorption isotherm model was the Freundlich isotherm with a value of R2 = 0.9998; KF = 25.293 [(mg/g)(L/mg)1/nf], and adsorption energy = -8.03 kJ/mol. The adsorption that occurred was classified as physical adsorption.
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Lees, Garry L., Neil H. Suttill, Katharine M. Wall, and Thomas H. Beveridge. "Localization of condensed tannins in apple fruit peel, pulp, and seeds." Canadian Journal of Botany 73, no. 12 (1995): 1897–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b95-202.
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Seven varieties of post-harvest apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit, i.e., Spartan, McIntosh, Newtown, Royal Gala, Jonagold, Red Delicious, and Golden Delicious, were examined for the presence and location of condensed tannins in the peel, pulp, and seeds. Statistically significant differences in the condensed tannin content were found between varieties and sources, and in different tissues within a variety. Red Delicious had the greatest amount of condensed tannin in the peel and pulp, whereas Golden Delicious had the least. The amount in the seed was low and variable. Light and electron microscopy revealed tannins in the hypodermal layers of the peel, near the floral bundles in the cortex of the pulp, and in the thick-walled sclerenchyma and crushed parenchyma of the testa. The condensed tannin deposits in the peel appeared most concentrated in the hypodermal cell layer adjacent to the epidermis, with lesser amounts in cell layers closer to the cortex. Electron micrographs revealed that condensed tannin deposits were always found in the vacuole, taking different forms, and mainly associated with the tonoplast. Key words: condensed tannins, apple, peel, pulp, seed, vanillin–HCl, microscopy.
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Mustaqim, Istiqo, and R. Vanji Habibul M. "Ekstraksi Crude Tanin dari Daun Rambutan Dengan Metode Sonikasi dan Maserasi." Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Teknologi 3, no. 12 (2022): 1271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/jist.v3i12.553.
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At this time rambutan fruit is very popular among the community. Do we know that when we usually pick rambutan fruit, we will also pick the leaves of the rambutan, with the situation in society like this we usually throw the leaves in the trash or we burn them. Can it be known that in rambutan leaves which become organic waste there is a 6% tannin content. The purpose of this study was to find the best contact time in sonication and to find the best tannin weight of rambutan leaves by sonication and maceration methods. From the test results, it can be seen that the more materials and solvents are sonicated, the greater the tannin obtained. The highest tannin content was seen in the variable 30/150 at a sonication time of 60 minutes, namely 7.6502%, it can be concluded that the optimal time of the sonication process to obtain the highest tannin content is at a time of 60 minutes and the weight per volume ratio at 30/150 gr/ml. The highest tannin content is about 7.6502%. With this it can be concluded that tannin can still experience an increase or decrease in this sonication extraction seeing the results have not reached the best level, namely with stationary results with a time of 75 minutes 30/150 gr / ml still decreased and other time variables still increased. It can be said that from this it can still be developed again extraction with higher variables of time and weight of extracted rambutan leaves.
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Singh, Sondeep, Anil K. Gupta, and Narinder Kaur. "Influence of Drought and Sowing Time on Protein Composition, Antinutrients, and Mineral Contents of Wheat." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/485751.
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The present study in a two-year experiment investigated the influence of drought and sowing time on protein composition, antinutrients, and mineral contents of wheat whole meal of two genotypes differing in their water requirements. Different thermal conditions prevailing during the grain filling period under different sowing time generated a large effect on the amount of total soluble proteins. Late sown conditions offered higher protein content accompanied by increased albumin-globulin but decreased glutenin content. Fe content was increased to 20–23%; however, tannin decreased to 18–35% under early sown rain-fed conditions as compared to irrigated timely sown conditions in both the genotypes. Activity of trypsin inhibitor was decreased under rain-fed conditions in both genotypes. This study inferred that variable sowing times and irrigation practices can be used for inducing variation in different wheat whole meal quality characteristics. Lower temperature prevailing under early sown rain-fed conditions; resulted in higher protein content. Higher Fe and lower tannin contents were reported under early sown rain-fed conditions however, late sown conditions offered an increase in phytic acid accompanied by decreased micronutrients and glutenin contents.
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Bastianelli, D., F. Grosjean, C. Peyronnet, M. Duparque, and J. M. Régnier. "Feeding value of pea (Pisum sativum, L.) 1. Chemical composition of different categories of pea." Animal Science 67, no. 3 (1998): 609–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800033051.
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AbstractLines of peas (no. = 213) grown in the same location were analysed for 1000 seed weight, protein, starch, fat, sugars, ashes and fibre content. Some 54 lines of peas out of the total 213 were grown in large amounts and analysed for the same criteria and also for amino acids, legumin, vicilin, lectins, trypsin inhibitor activity, carbohydrates, fatty acids, tannins, saponins. The lines have been arranged into four categories according to the shape, colour, weight, chemical composition and end uses of the seeds. Feed peas and garden peas are round and have similar composition in terms of protein, starch and fibre contents; they are tannin-free and have variable trypsin inhibitor activity. Coloured peas have also a round shape but differ from the feed and garden peas principally by tannins and also by lower starch, higher protein, higher fibre contents. Wrinkled peas differ from the feed and garden peas by lower starch, higher protein, higher fibre, higher lipid contents and their starch is characterized by a higher amylose/amylopectine ratio.
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Dewi, I. Gusti Agung Ayu Sintia Padma, I. Gusti Ayu Ekawati, and I. Desak Putu Kartika Pratiwi. "PENGARUH LAMA PERKECAMBAHAN MILLET (Panicum milliaceum) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FLAKES." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan (ITEPA) 7, no. 4 (2018): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/itepa.2018.v07.i04.p04.
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The purpose of this research was to know the effect of germination time of millet (Panicum milliaceum) on the characteristics of flakes and to know the right germination time of millet on the characteristics of flakes. The experimental design used was completely randomized design with the germination time of millet treatment, namely 24 hours (T1), 48 hours (T2), 72 hours (T3), 96 hours (T4), and 120 hours (T5). The treatment was repeated 3 repetitions then obtained 15 units of the experiment, the data obtained from the result were analyzed by variance and if the treatment had an effect on the variable then continued with Duncan test. The results showed that the germination of millet had significant effect to water content, ash content, protein content, fat content, crude fiber content, tannin content, taste level (hedonic test), and overall acceptance of flakes. 120 hours germination time of millet had the best characteristics with water content 1,36%, ash content 2,65%, protein content 9,93%, fat content 7,86%, carbohydrate content 78,20%, crude fiber content 5,93, tannin content 0,31%, color liked, flavor liked, texture crispy and liked, taste liked and overall acceptance liked.
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Renai, Lapo, Daniele Bonetti, Giulia Bonaccorso, et al. "First Data on the (Poly)phenolic Profiling of Farmacista Honorati Persimmon Fruit (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) at Commercial Harvest and after Treatments for Astringency Removal." Plants 13, no. 13 (2024): 1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13131768.
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This study aims to provide the first report on the soluble and polyphenolic profiles of “Farmacista Honorati” (FH) persimmons, which is a marketed cultivar with no existing data on its nutraceutical value. Total soluble tannins (TSTs) and major soluble (poly)phenols in FH fruits before and after post-harvest commercial treatments with carbon dioxide and ethylene were analyzed. Fruits at commercial harvest had a TST content of 1022 ± 286 mg GAL/100 g d.w. Whereas, after deastringency treatments, an 85% and 83% reduction were observed for carbon dioxide- and ethylene-treated fruits, respectively. Carbon dioxide treatment resulted in the insolubilization of tannins around comparable values in most fruit cultivars, despite the variable soluble tannin content in untreated fruit. By targeted metabolomic profiling, nineteen (poly)phenolic substances were quantified in the investigated untreated and treated fruits. Gallic acid (99 mg/100 g d.w.), (+)-catechin (1.8 mg/100 g d.w.), ellagic acid (1.2 mg/100 g d.w.), and (−)-epicatechin (1.1 mg/100 g d.w.) were the predominant compounds in the untreated FH samples. After the application of post-harvest treatments, a non-nutraceutical relevant decrease of 8-19% in the targeted (poly)phenolic content was generally observed. Ethylene induced the most significant reduction in the individual (poly)phenolic compounds in the FH fruits.
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Ganesa, Ratu Putri, Afzalani Afzalani, Fadillah Hermiseptia, Raguati Raguati, and Fachroerrozi Hoesni. "Evaluasi Tepung Kedele Terproteksi Tanin Kondensasi dari Ekstrak Daun Sengon (Albizia falcataria) terhadap Ketahanan Degradasi oleh Mikroba di Rumen." Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 23, no. 1 (2023): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v23i1.3681.
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Soybean meal (SBM) is a quality feed with high protein and organic matter content but is easy to degrade by microbes in the rumen. A high degradation rate in the rumen causes potential protein loss as ammonia and energy in the form of fermentation heat, CO2 gas, and methane gas. This study aimed to determine the effect of SBM protected with condensed tannins (TK) from sengon leaves on its fermentability by rumen microbes. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments and five replications. Treatments were of P1 = SBM unprotected with condensed tannin (CT) (control); P2 = SBM- protected 2% CT; P3 = SBM-protected 4% CT, and P4 = SBM- protected 6% CT. The amount of CT (0, 2, 4, 6%) was calculated and converted to the amount of sengon leaves equivalent to 0, 226.24, 452.49, and 678.72 g/kg SBM based on CT content in sengon leaves of 8.84%. SBM samples were weighed as much as 0.5 g, then put into a serum bottle with a capacity of 100 ml, added 40 ml of a mixture of rumen fluid and McDougall's buffer (1:4 v/v), closed with a rubber stopper, climb sealed using an aluminum seal, and incubated in an incubator for 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 48 hours. The variable measured was in vitro cumulative gas production (GP), methane production (CH4), dry matter degradation (DMD), organic matter degradation (OMD), metabolism energy (ME), and production of microbial protein (PMP). The results showed that the treatment of SBM protected with condensed tannins from sengon leaf extract had a significant effect (P<0.05) on reducing GP, CH4, DMD, OMD, ME, and PMP. The Treatment of P1 (control) was higher produced of GP, CH4, DMD, OMD, ME, and PMP (P<0.05) compared to P2, P3, and P4. But between P2, P3, and P4 were not significantly different (P>0.05). This study concluded that the use of condensed tannin at levelof 2% could be used to protect soybean meal from microbial degradation in the rumen.
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Idayanti, Rahma Wulan, Tatik Rohani, Fendi Yayuki, et al. "EFFECT OF BOILING CARICA PUBESCENS SEEDS ON ANTINUTRIENT CONTENT AND IN VITRO NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY." BIOTROPIA 31, no. 1 (2024): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb.2024.31.1.2030.
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This research was conducted to determine the chemical composition and anti-nutritional content of Carica Dieng seeds (Carica pubescens) and their in vitro digestibility after boiling. The process of boiling is frequently employed to reduce antinutrient content and increase the digestibility of nutrients. This research used a completely randomized design, consisting of three treatments with boiling durations of 0, 10, and 20 minutes, each repeated six times. The research revealed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in the tannin and saponin levels of Carica Dieng seeds following the boiling process. The concentration of carica seed tannin was lowered to a range of 36-48%, while the saponin content decreased by 52-58%. Subsequently, a descriptive analysis was conducted to assess the nutritional and amino acid composition of the seeds after boiling them for a duration of 10 minutes. Lysine (1.57% w/w) dominated the essential amino acids in Carica pubescens seeds, and glutamic acid (3.19% w/w) dominated the non-essential amino acids The digestibility of boiling carica seeds as feed was assessed by including them into complete feed at different proportions: 0% (T0), 5% (T2), 10% (T3), and 15% (T4). This experiment followed a Completely Randomized Design with five replications. The variables included in-vitro dry matter (DMD) and organic (OMD) digestibility. The DMD of carica seeds at a concentration of 0% showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) when compared to the addition of 5% carica seeds. However, there was no significant difference in DMD between adding carica seeds at levels of 10% and 15% in the total meal. The organic material digestibility variable showed that the treatment without carica seeds was not significantly different from adding 10% carica seeds but was substantially different from adding 5 and 15% carica seeds. Carica pubescens seed supplementation of up to 10-15% remains viable for inclusion in whole feed since it does not reduce digestibility.
Conference papers on the topic "Variable Tannin Content"
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Tateishi, Simone, Werner Peter Marcon, Maria José Calegari, et al. "Millet as forage and silage in livestock farming." In VI Seven International Multidisciplinary Congress. Seven Congress, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/sevenvimulti2024-062.
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This abstract was an analysis of articles on the use of millet in animal nutrition, its fixed and variable production costs, and its development as a forage crop in the central-western region of São Paulo. In recent studies, millet Pennisetum glaucum has been a prominent alternative as a forage crop for improving degraded soils with low organic matter content. Its ease of direct planting has promoted its use by livestock farmers as a potential substitute for corn in livestock farming as a forage crop and in animal feed. Millet cultivation is positive due to its low fixed cost, being financially more viable due to its short cycle, greater adaptability, good germination in the high temperatures of the central-western region of São Paulo, low water requirements and greater resistance in the dry season, making it an excellent option for planting in the off-season (autumn and winter). With roots reaching 3 meters, it easily extracts nutrients from the soil, increasing the accumulation of calcium, potassium and nitrogen in the upper layer of the soil, reducing the application of agricultural inputs, which reduces the final cost of production. As silage, it does not have antinutritional effects, such as tannin, despite its high crude protein content and digestibility. Nutrients extracted from the soil remain in the straw as it decomposes, returning to the soil; high biomass in the foliage; high nutritional content of the seeds; high seed production; adaptability to different levels of soil fertility; resistance to diseases and pests; suppression of weeds by physical effects; longer-lasting straw. Due to the above, the use of millet as silage has shown advantages due to the multifunctionality of its use in livestock. Although its metabolizable energy content is equivalent to that of corn and sorghum, its low water and agricultural input requirements reduce the total cost of production, requiring only planning in cultivation and supply to animals.
Reports on the topic "Variable Tannin Content"
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Belzil, Christian, Jörgen Hansen, and Xingfei Liu. The evolution of inequality in education - Trajectories and graduation outcomes in the US. CIRANO, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/qxsu8178.
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Nous modélisons la distribution conjointe (i) des trajectoires éducatives individuelles, définies par l'allocation du temps (semestres) entre diverses combinaisons d'inscription à l'école avec différentes modalités d'offre de travail et des périodes d'interruption de l'école consacrées soit à l'emploi soit à la production domestique et (ii) des résultats réels d'obtention du diplôme en utilisant deux cohortes de l'enquête longitudinale nationale sur les jeunes que nous suivons de 16 à 28 ans. Nous discutons de l'évolution des effets du revenu familial et des aptitudes, ces dernières étant décomposées en un facteur d'aptitude latente académique (cognitive) et pratique (technique-mécanique) corrélé avec le revenu familial et les variables de contexte. Nous constatons que le différentiel individuel d'aptitude cognitive et technique prévalant à 16 ans augmentait avec le revenu au début des années 80 mais beaucoup moins au début des années 2000. Nous ne trouvons aucune preuve d'une quelconque "inégalité de trajectoire" basée sur le revenu dans l'une ou l'autre des cohortes, après conditionnement sur les capacités. Parmi tous les résultats liés à l'obtention d'un diplôme et à l'inscription, l'obtention d'un diplôme universitaire est le seul pour lequel l'effet du revenu a augmenté entre les années 1980 et le début des années 2000, mais il n'a pas atteint un niveau plus important que l'effet du revenu sur l'obtention d'un diplôme d'études secondaires. Dans les deux cohortes, les capacités cognitives et techniques sont les facteurs dominants mais elles affectent la plupart des dimensions des trajectoires individuelles et tous les résultats d'obtention du diplôme dans des directions opposées. Cependant, le facteur des capacités cognitives a perdu la moitié de son effet sur l'obtention du diplôme universitaire, tandis que l'impact du facteur technique-mécanique a été plus stable d'une cohorte à l'autre.