Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Variation morphologique'
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Albessard, Lou. "Co-variation morphologique du crâne et de l'endocrâne au cours de l'évolution du genre Homo." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MNHN0024.
Full textSpecies of the genus Homo display cranial and endocranial morphological variations, with complex interactions between these two elements. Generally speaking, throughout the evolution of this taxon the neurocranium becomes increasingly important by comparison with the facial skeleton, due to a marked cerebral expansion. The modalities of this expansion differ accross species and occur at least partly through species-specific morphological processes. Apart from the increase in cerebral volume, the endocast bears the traces of neuroanatomical reorganisations. These two factors – volume and organisation – as well as various morpho-functional constraints on the external face of the cranium, may result in a variety of morphological and spacial relationships between the neurocranium and the endocranium. It is therefore important to document these relations in order to better apprehend the variability and the evolutionary mechanisms behind the morphologies of the different Homo species.This doctoral thesis explores the joint morphological variations of the neurocranium and endocast in the genus Homo and within Homo sapiens through multiple approaches. We offer a contribution to this topic based on shape analyses of virtual crania and endocasts, using geometric morphometrics and an innovative technique of surface deformations. We analysed morphological data from extant populations in order to clarify the nature of the relationship between the neurocranium and the endocast in Homo sapiens. One of the lines of evidence investigated is the correspondence between neurocranial and endocranial (and therefore cerebral) gross asymmetries. Our results show that the patterns of bilateral asymmetries of the neurocranium are identical to those of the endocranium. There is a close correspondance between the morphologies of the endocranial and cranial vaults, despite the neurocranium not displaying the full extent of cerebral asymmetries on its external vault. Correlations between asymmetry and factors including sex, endocranial volume and importance of the bony superstructures were also tested. Co-variation patterns between neurocranial and endocranial morphologies in the genus Homo were analysed. Our results highlight elements of co-variation between the neuro and endocranium which are shared accross the genus Homo, and others which are species-specific. While the cranial vault closely follows endocranial morphology, interaction patterns between the endo and neurocranium in the occipito-cerebellar area appear more variable and linked to the overall degree of globularisation of the brain and neurocranium. These results highlight some of the interactions between cerebral reorganisations and cranial morphology in Homo species, and underline the importance of crossing data and methods in order to interpret the fossil record
Revel, Philippe. "Modélisation mathématique des voies aériennes supérieures à partir d'une étude anthropométrique : incidence des facteurs de variation morphologique." Bordeaux 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR23067.
Full textFrançois, Eric. "La variation morphologique des Toxaster (Echinide irrégulier, Crétacé inférieur) : implications dans la reconstitution des paléoenvironnements et la phylogenèse." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOS062.
Full textThe early evolutionary radiation of spatangoids occurred among species of the paraphyletic genus Toxaster (Berriasian-Cenomanian), and involved relatively little morphological differentiation. Among primitive spatangoids and particularly in Toxaster, the characters exhibiting functional variation are often also involved in taxonomic distinctions, complicating the placement of individuals in a species or even in a genus. Patterns of intraspecific and interspecific morphological variation in Toxaster are analyzed in order to test for the impact of environmental factors (paleoceanographic context and sedimentary environment) on the evolution of morphology. The degree of interspecific character stability within this primitive spatangoid genus is evaluated with two distinct approaches, one based on a comparison of developmental trajectories, and the other based on an analysis of the variability of the apical system. The diversification of Toxaster involved several dozen species
Loginova, Clouet Elizaveta. "Traitement automatique des termes composés : segmentation, traduction et variation." Nantes, 2014. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=f9a1d95c-ba61-4322-96a9-ffda96d82504.
Full textThe number of specialized terms continuously grows in the documents, at a pace which is difficult to follow for the terminology standardization organizations. The methods of bilingual term lexicon construction from the text corpora provide solutions. Our thesis falls into this topic: bilingual lexicon acquisition from comparable corpora. Compound terms (terms containing several roots, but a single graphical unit) are challenging for natural language processing applications. Given their graphical form, they are often handled in the same manner as single word terms, which prevents from apprehending their semantic complexity. Our involvement in an automatical terminology extraction evaluation allowed us to check our hypothesis: compound terms need a particular processing in a multilingual context. We proposed a method for compound terms recognition and splitting, which combines language-independent and language-specific features. It allowed us to obtain results comparable with those of state-of-the-art methods, while validating on a sample of languages from several families (germanic, slavic, romance languages), and adapting the method to specialized domains (tested on two domains: wind energy and breast cancer). We used the produced segmentations for compositional translation of compound terms, and for their multi-word variant recognition in the specialized texts. These two experiments illustrate that compound splitting is beneficial for the bilingual term lexicon acquisition task
Sliai, Abdallah. "Contribution à l'étude de la variabilité du hêtre (fagus sylvatica l. ) dans les Vosges : aspects genecologiques et génétiques." Nancy 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NAN10128.
Full textDalecky, Ambroise. "Stratégies de dispersion, structuration entre populations et évolution de la variation morphologique : le cas de "Petalomyrmex phylax" à polygynie facultative symbiotique de "Leonardoxa africana africana"." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20209.
Full textVerna, Christine. "Les restes humains moustériens de la Station Amont de la Quina - (Charente, France) : contexte archéologiqe et constitution de l'assemblage : étude morphologique et métrique des restes crânio-faciaux : apport à l'étude de la variation néandertalienne." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13226.
Full textLa Station Amont de La Quina (Charente) a livré une longue série de restes humains durant trois périodes de fouilles distinctes entre 1905 et 1994. Ces restes, attribués aux OIS 4-3, sont associés à du Moustérien de type Quina, à denticulés et de tradition acheuléenne. Un grand nombre d’entre eux n'ont pas été révisés depuis leur découverte ou sont inédits. Ce travail propose une révision de cette série qui comprend un squelette adulte, la tête osseuse d’un enfant et 36 restes isolés. L’inventaire et la répartition des restes dans le site sont réactualisés en relation avec les données archéologiques récentes. Les paramètres de quantification de l’assemblage sont présentés et discutés, et de nouvelles données permettent de réexaminer la question de l’existence d'une sépulture. Ce travail fait de plus état de l’utilisation d’un fragment de crâne humain comme retouchoir. L’étude détaillée morphologique et métrique de tous les restes crânio-faciaux est présentée, et concerne deux têtes osseuses, 16 fragments crâniens, 40 dents en place et 16 dents isolées. Ils sont comparés à des Néandertaliens, des Hommes modernes du Paléolithique moyen et supérieur et des Hommes actuels. Les résultats montrent que tous les restes présentant des caractères diagnosiques peuvent être attribués au groupe Néandertalien, et leur position au sein du taxon est précisée. L’analyse des parties anatomiques représentées par plusieurs individus nous renseigne sur la variation des Néandertaliens classiques. Les os temporaux de trois adultes témoignent d’une plus grande proximité biologique entre eux qu’avec les autres Néandertaliens, soutenant l’hypothèse de leur appartenance à une même population
Grabar, Natalia. "Terminologie médicale et morphologie : acquisition de ressources morphologiques et leur utilisation pour le traitement de la variation terminologique." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066412.
Full textVan, Melle Jérémie. "Histoire thermochronologique et variations morphologiques en Himalaya du nord-ouest." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00358121.
Full textCette étude présente une analyse couplée morphologique et thermochronologi-que de l'Himalaya du nord-ouest, appuyée sur deux campagnes de terrain sur et autour du Plateau de Deosai. Cette approche pluridisciplinaire nous à permis : (1) de préciser les caractéristiques morphologiques de l'Himalaya du nord-ouest et (2) d'éclairer l'histoire de la formation et de l'exhumation des régions de faible relief à haute altitude jusqu'alors peu étudiées dans ce contexte.
Les analyses morphologiques, à l'échelle du nord-ouest Himalaya, montrent que plusieurs zones de faible relief à haute altitude existent à l'ouest de la Faille du Ka-rakorum, de part et d'autre de la suture Indus-Tsangpo. Les travaux de thermo-chronologie permettent de proposer les premiers âges thermochronologiques de basse température (AFT, et (U-Th)/He sur apatite et zircon) de cette partie de l'Arc Kohistan/Ladakh. Ils suggèrent, grâce à la modélisation d'histoires thermiques et leur comparaison avec les données de la littérature, que les surfaces de faible relief à haute altitude se sont formées depuis 30 à 40 millions d'années. Ces dernières ont, depuis ce stade, évolué lentement, à la faveur de vitesse d'exhumation faible (~200 m.Ma-1), au contraire des massifs incisés dont l'exhumation est rapide (plu-sieurs km.Ma-1 pour le Nanga Parbat depuis ~10 Ma). L'étude morphologique des profils des rivières drainant le Plateau de Deosai et la modélisation thermo-cinématique de l'évolution de sa bordure nord, nous permettent de montrer que l'érosion est localisée dans les grandes vallées et peu efficace à l'intérieur du pla-teau. L'histoire d'exhumation et les caractéristiques morphologiques des régions de faible relief à haute altitude très proches de celles de l'ouest Tibétain, suggèrent qu'à l'Éocène ils ne formaient qu'un seul ensemble. Les régions de faible relief à l'ouest de la Faille du Karakorum ont petit à petit été individualisées à la faveur d'une érosion localisée dans les grandes vallées et dirigée par les grands accidents tectoniques.
ADLOUNI-HASSANI, AHMED. "Le leucocyte polymorphonucleaire : variations biochimiques et morphologiques chez les traumatises." Strasbourg 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR15013.
Full textGraf, Christophe. "Variations cérébrales morphologiques et anatomiques observées au cours d'une dépression majeure /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://www.unige.ch/cyberdocuments/theses2005/GrafC/these.pdf.
Full textLevin, Natalie. "Variations morphologiques du disque optique dans le glaucome primitif à angle ouvert." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR23073.
Full textMauxion, Thibault. "Impact dosimétrique des variations morphologiques chez le petit animal en médecine nucléaire." Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=d373e88d-cace-4c31-adc6-eb43ce34625a.
Full textMolecular radiotherapy consists in targeting radioactive atoms as close as possible to tumours in order to concentrate energy deposition (and cytotoxic effects) at the level of cancer cells. Preclinical experiments including absorbed dose calculation allow the adjustment of injected radiopharmaceutical activity in order to optimise the therapeutic window. Even though Monte-Carlo modelling combined with hybrid anatomical models allows the accurate and realistic description of energy deposits, inter-specimen morphologic variations can have a marked impact on computed absorbed dose. The work presented in this manuscript investigates the dosimetric impact of using such preclinical models in nuclear medicine. A characterisation of MCNPX and GATE was first performed, based on the generation of reference dosimetric data (Dose Point Kernel and Voxel Dose Kernel). Organ S-value calculations for two realistic digital rodent whole-body models (Moby/Roby) showed that mass ratio scaling for two geometric models obtained from the same specimen led to significantly different dosimetric results, raising the issue of the reproducibility of generated dosimetric results. Besides, dosimetric calculation based on one specimen that can be used as a reference for the entire experimental batch may not allow full and accurate dosimetric assessment. Our conclusion is that even though it may be possible to use reference models to compare dosimetric results for diagnostic radiopharmaceutical experiments, animal-specific anatomy should be considered when trying to characterise ionizing radiation effects on biologic targets of interest for MRT
Rieger, Jean. "Variation de la morphologie faciale au sein de la superfamille Hominoidea (Mammalia, Primates)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR15343.
Full textGuillemin, Yann. "Électrogénération sol-gel de films minces siliceux mésostructurés : méthylation, variations structurales, contrôle morphologique et microlithographie." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0249/document.
Full textThanks to an Electro-Assisted Self-Assembly (EASA) cooperative process, the sol-gel electrogeneration of silica thin films from sols containing alkoxysilanes and cationic surfactant molecules (cetyltrimethylammonium: CTAB) allows to obtain mesostructured films exhibiting mesopore channels orthogonal to the substrate. Organized methylated silica thin films with "vertically"-aligned mesopores were electrogenerated by performing a one-step co-condensation between alkoxysilanes and organo-alkoxysilanes in the presence of CTAB. Monitoring mass transport issues inside these thin layers demonstrates that their permeability can be modulated by the -CH3 moieties ratio. The EASA process was then extended to the use of mainly aqueous sols. This permits the electrogeneration of new structures, the control of the porous network orientation and a modulation of the deposited material morphology by changing the CTA+ counter-anion. Various synthesis strategies aiming at increasing the porosity of electrogenerated films were evaluated (use of swelling agents and a triblock copolymer). Some convincing results dealing with the electrogeneration of silica films exhibiting a hierarchical porosity (combination of mesopores with macropores) are also presented. Finally, the last part of this work demonstrates how the EASA process can be applied at the local scale (micrometric) by using a scanning electrochemical microscope as a synthesis tool, thus opening the way to the sol-gel electromicrolithography
Lemasson, Loïc. "Vents et tempêtes sur le littoral de l'ouest de la France : variabilité, variation et conséquences morphologiques." Rennes 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999REN20040.
Full text@Beyond an energetic interest wind must be studied as a climatologic factor. Even if it has a less impact as temperatures and rainfalls have on mankind, his speed and direction reflect the meteorological conditions. The variability and variation of this factor indicate the atmospheric circulation and her modification. The results of analyses for long series of data (1951-1996) on the West coasts of France show some evolution of the wind speed, of the main direction, of the storm frequency and of the storm direction. During the same time the synoptic situations over this country have an evolution : we detect more cyclonic situation and new characteristics of those situations. Those two results aren't different from results of others studies on the same subject. Those evolution have some impacts on the shoreline. Since forty years, the shoreline retreats and this retreat accelerates since the middle of the seventies. This period corresponds with the main change in the wind climatology for the last forty years. Even if the main actor of the coastal retreat are human actions, we demonstrate that the wind and the wave climate are still major elements of coastal erosion
Lemarié, Quentin. "Développement et caractérisation in situ d'électrodes positives pour batteries Lithium/soufre." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI041.
Full textEven though the Li-ion technology is dominating nowadays battery market, it is suffering from the high cost and toxicity of some of its materials as well as struggling to reach the performance goals set by always more demanding hybrid and electric vehicles. Facing the need for a new battery generation, the lithium/sulfur (Li/S) technology stands as a promising candidate for a medium term industrialization and commercialization. Based on an abundant and low-cost active material, elemental sulfur, it enables practical energy densities two to three times higher than current Li-ion batteries. However, the intermediate electrochemical reactions of this system imply many dissolutions/depositions of the active material, causing important morphological variations at the positive electrode which have a major impact on the capacity and cycling performance of the batteries. Hence a better comprehension of those degradation mechanisms is required in order to develop new and innovating electrode materials enabling an optimization of the performance of the system. Therefore, the first goal of the thesis was to employ innovative in situ characterization techniques in order to develop tools allowing to link the properties of the different electrode materials to the performance of the batteries. To do so, three techniques were used: acoustic emission, X-ray tomography and dilatometry. Then, the conclusions drawn from the observations made from the characterization tools enabled us to focus the conception of the electrodes on using a new binder based on a polyelectrolyte material. In this work, we were in particular able to demonstrate a relationship between the measured acoustic activity during the first charge/discharge cycles of different electrode formulations to their mechanical properties. Then, coupling in situ X-ray tomography and diffraction enabled us to shed light on new phenomena linked to the dissolution and deposition of sulfur during the 1st cycle. Finally, the combination of the study of thickness variation via dilatometry, of the monitoring of the acoustic activity and of tomographic observations was the key to prove the better mechanical properties of the polyelectrolyte binder. Together with its properties of regulation of the sulfur species, our conclusions strengthen the certain interest in the family of materials as a binder of positive electrodes for Li/S batteries
Brondeau, François de. "La morphologie de la base du crâne et ses relations avec le maxillaire et la mandibule : variations et auxologie." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13670/document.
Full textBasicranio-facial relationships and their variations during ontogenesis are studied on the modern human. The study of the sagittal facial typology (skeletal class) has been realized in relation with the cranial base shape. The aim was to establish a model of the basicranio-facial development leading to the different facial typologies of modern human. - A first two-dimensional study aims to define the variables of the cranial base caracteristical of the facial relations in the extreme sagittal dysmorphoses. The results show the link between the flexion of the cranial base, its posterior region and the facial antero-posterior discrepancy. - A second study on X-ray scanners looks into the interactions between the transverse and sagittal dimension. The results suggest the importance of the antero-posterior positioning of the cranial structures in sagittal facial shape. This study reveals few relationships between the basicranial transverse dimension and maxillary, mandibular prognathism, but shows the influence of the petrous pyramids orientation, the distance between pterygoid processes and the cranial base angle flexion. - A third longitudinal study analyzes the evolution of the variables observed in relation with the age and the stage of dental evolution for each skeletal class. The basicranial parameters are not predetermined at birth, those describing flexion and the posterior region of the cranial base become characteristic later on. The stages of the deciduous occlusion denture and of the first permanent molar evolution are key events for the link between cranial base and facial type. Based on the three craniofacial shapes described (skeletal dysmorphoses) a basicranio-facial development model is proposed. Perspectives in ancient and modern population anthropology are suggested
Bello, Maria Mirleni Marcano de. "Variations morphologiques et groupes sociaux chez les enfants d'âge scolaire au Venezuela (ville de Valencia)." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H057.
Full textRabassa, Lídia. "Phonetique, phonologie et morphologie nominale du catalan andorran : le systeme et ses variations." Toulouse 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU20024.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the linguistic situation of catalan, the official language of the andorran state. It analyses, synchronically, the evolution of this language through three age classes. It is composed of three parts. The first one is a phonetic and phonemic description of the oral material collected. The second one deals with the phonetic contact of the words (phonosyntax). The third one is about noun and adjective morphology. Through these three aspects, we study the linguistic variation that may occur within a single spiker's utterances as well as among several speakers'utterances. Our method consist in choosing three informants of different age classes for each locality concerned - contrary to the habits in traditional dialect studying-, in order to have a better view of the multiform reality of language and to detect possible breaks among indications of the stability of the system. Our methodology consists in working on a dictionnary of variables. Variation proves greater within phonetics and phonemics than within morphology, in which field it almost never occurs. The study of linguistic change through the different age groups allowed us to conclude that andorran catalan is currently going through an important mutation
Mille, Tiphaine. "Sources de variation intra-populationnelle de la morphologie des otolithes : asymétrie directionnelle et régime alimentaire." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10200/document.
Full textOtoliths are calcified structures located in Osteichthyes’ inner ear that are involved in audition and balance. Their morphology is used as an indicator of various ecological processes or properties. This application requires identifying the endogenous and exogenous factors that act simultaneously as sources of shape variation. This thesis aims at detecting and quantifying the relative contributions of directional asymmetry and diet to otolith shape variation at the intra-population level. Directional asymmetry between left and right otoliths was found in flat-fishes, the blind-side otolith being always longer and larger, whereas it was negligible in round-fishes. However, asymmetry amplitude never exceeded 18%, which suggests evolutionary canalization of otolith shape symmetry. A correlation between global diet and otolith was detected in 4 species studied in situ. Diet composition contributed more than food amount to morphological variation and affected otolith shape both globally and locally. An experimental study on sea bass (Dicentrarchus larbrax) showed that diet composition in terms of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids at larval stage affects otolith morphogenesis during juvenile stage without impacting on individuals’ somatic growth. This result suggests a direct effect of diet on otolith shape and not an indirect one through the somatic-otolith growth relationship. This effect disappeared at later stages, morphogenetic trajectories converging back to a similar shape, which suggests ontogenetic canalization of otolith shape
Ilnytska, Oksana. "La variation des noms du genre commun en russe et en ukrainien : morphologie, syntaxe, pragmatique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040193.
Full textSummaryThe present work deals with the category of common gender in two Slavic languages: Russian and Ukrainian. The nouns of this category have two major peculiarities. Firstly, most of them are expressive and axiological nouns. We reveal that the expressivity of this nouns depends on their phonetical and morphological content and on the type of syntactical constructions in which this nouns occur. Secondly, the nouns of this category present morphosyntactical peculiarities: the agreement with this nouns can be semantical and grammatical. We reveal that the choice of the gender of agreement depends not only on semantic and reference, it has also a pragmatic function
Massot, Benjamin Barra Jover Mario. "Français et diglossie." Saint-Denis : Université de Paris 8, 2009. http://www.bu.univ-paris8.fr/web/collections/theses/MassotThese.pdf.
Full textCorradini, Pierre. "Implications architecturales et génétiques de la clonalité de Polytrichum commune Hedw. Dans les processus de recolonisation des landes armoricaines après incendie." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066283.
Full textJendraschek, Gerd. "Les notions modales de possibilité et de capacité en basque : morphologie, syntaxe, sémantique, variations diachronique et sociolinguistique." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20044.
Full text'Possibility' can be defined as a functional domain corresponding to an array of structures that we have described for Basque. This description is based on several corpora of written Basque, representing mainly the standard(s), but also regional and classical varieties. These corpora, as well as informant work with several native speakers, have shown a great deal of variation, both synchronically and diachronically. One way of expressing possibility in Basque is by means of a special set of auxiliaries. These do not distinguish epistemic from non-epistemic possibility, but media language makes frequent use of specific markers. Only the most frequent of the auxiliary forms can resist to gradual obsolescence. This evolution must be seen in connection with the external history of Basque, which is caracterized by dialect levelling, attrition, and creolization
Coulaud, Joëlle. "Étude de caractères morphologiques, phytochimiques et caryologiques décrivant des plantes issues d'une expérience d'hybridation somatique entre deux clones de luzerne (Médicago sativa subsp. Sativa et subsp. Falcata)." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112076.
Full textSacotte, Stéphane. "Variations comportementales et morphologiques chez deux formes d'omble de fontaine : les mécanismes sous-jacents au polymorphisme trophique/." Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2006. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/tablemat/24605374TM.pdf.
Full textLacasse, Jennyfer. "Divergence chez deux populations lacustres d'épinoches à trois épines juvéniles du Québec : variations morphologiques, comportementales et neuroendocriniennes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28880/28880.pdf.
Full textOur study aimed to evaluate the influence of the environment on morphology, behaviour and gene expression in the brain in two freshwater populations of threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus, in the Bas St.–Laurent coming from Témiscouata and Rond lakes. Significant differences were found in the morphology of the animals: defensives structures of the sticklebacks are more developed in Témiscouata Lake. Moreover, juveniles of each lake were raised in common environment in a laboratory, and significant differences were found in behaviour: activity and aggressiveness were higher in population from Rond Lake. However, we observed molecular pathway in global gene expression: some neuropeptide expressions were correlated with their receptor expressions but not in all cases. Morphological and behavioural differences could be explained by the predation risk, which seemed a priori higher in Témiscouata Lake than in Rond Lake.
Sacotte, Stéphane. "Variations comportementales et morphologiques chez deux formes d'omble de fontaine : les mécanismes sous-jacents au polymorphisme trophique." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2006. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2013/1/000130615.pdf.
Full textHudlett, Albert. "Morphologie verbale dans les parlers du pays de bitche. Essai de representation graphique automatique de la dynamique des variations geolinguistiques." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR20039.
Full textFocusing on the study of the verbal morphology (of both finite and non-finite forms) of the vernacular in 66 places of the eastern area of german-speaking lorraine (pays de bitche), this dissertation, more than an attempt at outlining a quantitative and qualitative areal typology, is a tentative application of the theory of graphs to the dynamics of geolinguistic variations. It is a tentative automatic graphic representation of continuous microvariations in the morphological system, based on the theory of graphs and some aspects of operational research. Using the notion of "path", a dynamic definition of the notion of dialect continnum is put forward. This study is a contribution to the developing search for interdisciplinary and operational concepts and tools, with a view to promoting, by means of heuristic procedures, the specific character of mathematics-based and computer-assisted geolinguistics (notion of "geolinguistic inter-relatedness"). The result is that, in presenting sub-programs based on the notion of recursivity, the optimization of the interareal flows of grains (and losses) of verbal forms and spaciolinguistic graphs, the bitche area, in spite of superficial turbulences, appears to be an organized whole, in other words a unified fields, criss-crossed by structuring microvariational networks representing the backbone of the macrodialectal continuum
Tolderer-Farmer, Martine. "Causalité des variations morphologiques de la carapace chez les ostracodes essai d'interprétation sur des populations actuelles et fossiles." Grenoble : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375952046.
Full textTölderer-Farmer, Martine. "Causalité des variations morphologiques de la carapace chez les Ostracodes : essai d'interprétation sur des populations actuelles et fossiles." Bordeaux 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985BOR10539.
Full textPenin, Xavier. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle des variations morphologiques du complexe cranio-facial des hominoidea : application à la croissance et à l'évolution." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066501.
Full textSarradin, François. "Analyse morphologique des espaces ouverts urbains le long de parcours : mesure des variations des formes de ciel par la squelettisation." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009410.
Full textDarbon, Jérôme. "Composants logiciels et algorithmes de minimisation exacte d'énergies dédiés au traitement des images." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001680.
Full textBrenner, Teresinha de Moraes. "Une approche multilineaire de la variation dialectale des consonnes occlusives et liquides chez les pecheurs de florianopolis." Paris 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA030126.
Full textOur purpose in this approach is to understand better the "competence performance" of the fishermen who are living in the florianopolis beaches, sc brazil. The analysis is restricted to the stops and liquid consonants and it is supported by the relations between phonetics and phonology. The theoretical basis is founded on the multilinear phonology (encreve, 1988, and others), on the geometry of the phonological features (clements) and on the most recent phonetic approaches. We obtained a "corpus" recorded on the beaches of the florianopolis region. We analyzed phonetically the data, using the computers pc and macintosh. We have as purpose to corroborate that aperture related to other variables affects the variational phenomena. So, it touches most hardly the liquid consonants and its sub-class, the lateral. The variation is explained by the floating of the elements, it means, by the possibility attributed to the speaker of choice in the lexicon of a specific dialect. So attributed to the speaker of choice in the lexicon of a specific dialect. So, associated, in the explicative level, to the universal principles of the language
Toe, Laurent. "Variations intra-spécifiques chez l'abeille Megachile rotundata (F.) comparaisons morphologique, écoéthologique et biochimique de deux souches, une canadienne et une française /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37610277q.
Full textToe, Laurent. "Variations intra- specifiques chez l'abeille megachile rotundata f. : comparaisons morphologique, ecoethologique et biochimique de deux souches, une canadienne et une francaise." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2111.
Full textBilly, Julie. "Morphologie et architecture d'une barrière composite paraglaciaire : l'isthme de Miquelon-Langlade (N- O Atlantique)." Thesis, Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PERP1214/document.
Full textThe purpose of this PhD thesis was to define a complete and continuous sea-land-sea view of a paraglacial coastal barrier system, combining morphological and architectural approaches. Particularity of the Miquelon-Langlade isthmus (NO Atlantic) lies in its diversity and complexity of systems (spits, beach ridges, and lagoon) that fit together to form a composite barrier prograding along two open coasts. Investigations of this barrier included topographic (RTK-GPS), ground-penetrating radar (GPR) seismic, sedimentary (cores, augers, samples) and chronologic (OSL) data collections. This study of this paraglacial composite barrier make possible 1) to characterize all deposits of the paraglacial sequence (FSST, LST, TST, HST); 2) to emphasize the primary influence of islands geometry, bedrock and inherited topography on the coastal progradational pattern; 3) to provide a better understanding of the internal architecture of depositional processes and driving mechanisms of mixed sand-and-gravel beach ridges; 4) to examine the potential of these mixed beach-ridge systems to record and preserve paleo-sea-level information, to produce the first sea level trends for the Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon archipelago over the last 3000 years. The combination of all these data provide a model of development of the barrier since the ice sheet retreat (13 700 yrs) to its present form, in a context of RSL rise and high local glaciogenic sediment supply, and a detailed view of the formation of the beach ridge plain over the last 3000 yrs
Espinosa, Moreno Felipe. "Etude sur l'origine et l'évolution des variations florales chez Delphinium L. (Ranunculaceae) à travers la morphologie, l'anatomie et la tératologie." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS126/document.
Full textIn the evolution of seed plants, flowering plants are characterized by an especially rapid, partly due to the emergence of the floral structure. The study of teratological phenotypes is an interesting tool to better understand the origin and maintenance of floral innovations. The genus Delphinium L. belongs to the family Ranunculaceae, one of the earliest-diverging families among Eudicots and characterized by an outstanding floral.First, we carried out phylogenetic, morphological, anatomical and palynological studies of Delphinium turcicum (H.Duman, Vural, Aytac & Adiguzel) Espinosa, a Turkish endemic species known for more than 20 years in the wild and presenting unusual floral features. This study allowed us to understand the organization of the flower of this species, as well as to characterize the deviations to the typical morphology (modification of symmetry, of the type of organs composing the perianth and of the spur development). Changes in floral organ development, possibly related to changes in the expression of genes involved in floral identity, are responsible for this particular phenotype. Second, I carried out a morphological-anatomical study of cultivars (organisms with major floral variations resulting from artificial selection) of the genera Delphinium L. and Aquilegia L. (the latter belongs to Ranunculaceae and has been proposed as model genus for evo-devo studies). This study allowed me to identify the crucial stages of floral development where morphological variations take place. In both genera, floral symmetry and phyllotaxis were found to be conserved, while flower arrangement and vascularization were altered with respect to the typical flower morphology. Most morphological and anatomical deviations affect the perianth, especially on the number and identity of the organs. We hypothesized that the floral phenotypes of the cultivars of Delphinium L. and Aquilegia L. result from genetic alterations affecting meristem size, boundaries between sets of organs of different identity, organogenesis and development of nectariferous structures. Third, a historical research on the taxonomy of the genus Delphinium L. highlighted the taxonomical ambiguities induced by the floral morphological variations recorded within the genus. The inclusion of the species Delphinium turcicum implies amending the genus description in order to include the floral features of the species.This thesis, through the study of a wild species and of varieties undergoing artificial selection, allowed to highlight the crucial developmental stages during which the morphological floral variations take place, as well as to target the genes possibly responsible for these variations. These results will guide future evo-devo studies aiming at understanding floral evolution within angiosperms, and better understand the evolution of angiosperms as a whole
Meziane, Driss. "Étude de la variation interspécifique de la vitesse spécifique de croissance et modélisation de l'effet des attributs morphologiques, physiologiques et d'allocation de biomasse." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0024/NQ35775.pdf.
Full textMeziane, Driss. "Étude de la variation interspécifique de la vitesse spécifique de croissance et modélisation de l'effet des attributs morphologiques, physiologiques et d'allocation de biomasse." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 1997.
Find full textBenzine-Tizroutine, Soraya. "Apports de la morphologie, de la cytogénétique et de la caryologie à la compréhension de la variation somaclonale chez la pomme de terre dihaploïde BF 15." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112037.
Full textThis study is a part of the general program of the Plant Morphogenesis Laboratory at Orsay (France), attempting to understand the plant genome regulation and its different ways of expression. Its object was to precise the conditions of the somaclonal varation setting in. The regenerated clones were obtained with calli derived from leaves and nodes without buds of plants form the Solanum tuberosum CV BF 15 (2x) (H1), a french cultivar. We can consider three parts in the realization of the program : the first one concerns the varaition attached to the alterations, with the age, of the caryological characteristics of in vivo or in vitro plants, in view of a preliminary selection of regenerated plants. The second part concerns the relation between the chromosome number and the morphological characters of in vivo or in vitro plants ; which can be used as a preliminary selection of regenerated plants. The third part deals with some flowering phenomenons. The results show that the somaclonal variation originated form a conjugated action of the two factors. First of them, are the media conditions for calli culture (with lengthh regulators input) acting as activators of the residual instability of the species. On the other hand, the physico-chemical conditions of the environnement acting on the regulation of the nuclear DNA molecule synthesis and its programming. The latter, relative to the adaptative mechanism of the species lead, in a forced mitotic activity context, to punctual or partial genomic alterations
Beaudet, Amélie. "Caractérisation des structures crânio-dentaires internes des cercopithécoïdes et étude diachronique de leurs variations morphologiques dans la séquence Plio-Pléistocène sud-africaine." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30297/document.
Full textThe temporal, geographical and environmental frameworks of the early hominin emergence and evolution in South Africa during the Plio-Pleistocene are key elements for the understanding of the human lineage history. The cercopithecoids, relatively abundant in the African Neogene fossiliferous deposits and almost invariably associated with hominin remains, represent sensitive biochronological markers and ecological indicators. However, based on traditional morphological criteria only, the systematics of the cercopithecoid fossil record remains uncertain. In order to better characterize their paleobiodiversity, by means of high-resolution imaging techniques we have detailed 91 South African cercopithecoid craniodental specimens from the sites of Makapansgat, Taung, Sterkfontein, Kromdraai and Swartkrans. More specifically, we measured and compared the variation in dental endostructural organization, bony labyrinth conformation and endocranial architecture through the application of statistical and virtual modeling methods (e.g., geometric morphometrics, deformation-based models). For comparative purposes, we also integrated in our analyses a sample consisting of 80 extant cercopithecoid specimens. Besides the identification of some new characters suitable for the diagnosis of fossil taxa, our results reveal biomarkers useful for the reconstruction of paleoenvironmental and biochronological contexts, notably based on the enamel-dentine junction morphology and the neocortical architecture. The paleobiodiversity assessment highlights a certain degree of morphological homogeneity for some of the papionin taxa and suggests a reduction of the number of species actually present in the South African fossiliferous deposits
Hudlett, Albert. "Morphologie verbale dans les parlers du pays de Bitche essai de représentation graphique automatique de la dynamique des variations géolinguistiques /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614409r.
Full textMassot, Benjamin. "Français et diglossie : décrire la situation linguistique française contemporaine comme une diglossie : arguments morphosyntaxiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00726999.
Full textKessai, Fodil. "Élaboration d'un dictionnaire électronique de berbère avec annotations étymologiques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCF029/document.
Full textThe Berber language is usually presented as a set of distinct dialects, with more or less hermetic boundaries, which are, most often, studied and taught in a cleaved or even exclusive way.This atomization and this differentiating practice obscure the structural unity (grammar and lexical bases) which founds that common language to which all these dialects refer and give only a fragmentary view of it. The field of lexicography does not depart from this usage. Each dictionary is devoted to a single dialect with a specific spelling, and it is in the lexicon in particular that Berber appears the most disparate.To go beyond particularism and grasp the language as a whole, we explore, through the lexical material, a panel of dialects (17) representing all of Berber diversity. We establish, by comparative approach, inter-dialectal bridges and then gather the common elements of the lexicon collected to date. We then note the phonetic, phonological, morphological and semantic changes observed in lexical units in order to better understand the evolution of the lexical system.To do this, we develop a bilingual E-dictionary (Berber <-> French) which allows - as a didactic tool - for the studying of the Berber language in its unity as well as in its dialectal diversity and - as a heuristic means of research and analysis - for etymology and linguistics facts in synchrony and diachrony.Finally, we introduce a statistical tool (the “homogeneity rate”) that measures the proximity between lexicons (or dialects)
Facthum, Sainton Juliette. "Les langues créoles à base lexicale française de la Caraïbe : phonétique, phonologie et variation." Paris, EPHE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPHE4096.
Full textThe present study aims at describing the phonological system of the Caribbean french-based creoles. The guadeloupean variety is at the foreground. The martinican variety is largely represented. The phonological oppositions are obtained through corpuses derived from both creoles. The creole language being geographically configurated for a high degree of variation (that is to say bein practised on two levels, the island and the archipelago), the free variation of phonemes emerges gradually from the description, making it possible to deal with the syntagmatic relationship between sound. The haitian variety as well as those of the same lexical affiliation spoken in the english-speaking islands are often referred to, confirming the phonetic rules common to the creole-speaking community, from one end of the caribbean archipelago to the other end. Thus, come to the surface, the phonological coherence of the system and a typology of the creole system variation of phonemes
Cardella, Maria Margherita. "Les composés nominaux à premier membre prépositionnel en grec ancien. Le cas de ἐv°." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR092/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with ancient Greek nominal compounds with a prepositional first member (FM), and in particular the case of the FM ἐν°. I analyse a great amount of words from a morphological and semantical point of view. The pool of words is based on a formal criterion; the goal of the analysis is to outline different processes of compound formation, as well as their evolution. As compared to other compounds, those with a prepositional FM present two special characteristics: first, they are not formed by two lexemes, since prepositions/adverbs are not real lexemes; secondly, their internal structure is not often recognizable. The guide-questions of this research are: does the special nature of prepositional FM compounds change over different diachronic and diaphasic varieties? Moreover, which are the values of the FM ἐν° in the different compound categories? Most of the thesis consists in a thorough analysis of compounds attested in three consecutive synchronic phases: first, in archaic epic poetry, then in classical prose of V-IV century (in particular Plato’s and Aristotle’s works); the third part examines all neo-formations appearing in the long period starting from the age of Theophrastus till the age of Nonnus of Panopolis. A brief fourth part presents compounds attested in Arcadian inscriptions, as well as some anthroponyms. In the conclusions, I point out the changes in the value of the FM ἐν° in the different categories: ἐν° takes on several functions, that, however, share the signs of a progressive loss of meaning
La tesi riguarda i composti nominali a primo membro preposizionale in greco antico, il particolare quelli a primo membro ἐν°. Essa è costituita dall’analisi morfologica e semantica di un vaso corpus di parole; lo scopo dell’analisi è di far emergere i diversi processi di formazione delle parole composto e la loro evoluzione.I composti a primo membro preposizionale si differenziano dagli altri composti per due caratteristiche: in primo luogo, essi non sono costituiti da due lessemi, dato che una preposizione non è un vero e proprio lessema; in secondo luogo, la loro struttura interna non è sempre facilmente riconoscibile.Le domande che guidano la ricerca sono dunque le seguenti: la natura speciale di questi composti cambia a seconda delle varietà diacroniche e diafasiche? Quali sono i valori del primo membro ἐν° nelle diverse categorie di composti?Con attenzione filologica ai contesti d’uso, si esaminano i composti attestati in tre fasi sincroniche successive: in primo luogo, nella poesia epica arcaica; in secondo luogo, nella prosa classica del V-IV secolo a. C. (in particolare, nelle opere di Platone e Aristotele); la terza parte riguarda le neoformazioni apparse nel periodo che va dall’epoca di Teofrasto a quella di Nonno di Panopoli. In una quarta sezione si trovano i composti attestati nelle iscrizioni arcadiche, oltre a qualche antroponimo.In conclusione, la ricerca mostra i mutamenti del valore del primo membro ἐν° nelle diverse categorie: ἐν° assume diverse funzioni, che però condividono i segni di una progressiva perdita di significato
Florin, Ann-Britt. "Bottlenecks and blowflies : Speciation, reproduction and morphological variation in Lucilia." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2001. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-5133-0/.
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