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Books on the topic 'Variational tasks'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Kogan, Efim. Ordinary differential equations and calculus of variations. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1058922.

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The textbook contains theoretical information in a volume of the lecture course are discussed in detail and examples of typical tasks and test tasks and tasks for independent work.  Designed for students enrolled in directions of preparation 15.03.03 "Applied mechanics" 01.03.02 "mathematics" (specialization "Mathematical modeling"), major 23.05.01 "Land transport and technological means" (specialization "Dynamics and strength of transport and technological systems"). Can be used by teachers for conducting practical classes.

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2

Berwick, Richard. Task variation and repair in English as a foreign language. Institute of Economic Research, Kobe University of Commerce, 1990.

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3

School, Harvard Business, ed. Fluid teams and fluid tasks: The impact of team familiarity and variation in experience. 2nd ed. Harvard Business School, 2009.

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4

Burianova, Hana. Predictability of interindividual variation across a variety of tasks and further implications of quantitative interindividual differences in underlying neural processes. National Library of Canada, 2003.

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5

Dubanov, Aleksandr. Computer simulation in pursuit problems. Publishing Center RIOR, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02102-6.

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Currently, computer simulation in virtual reality systems has a special status. In order for a computer model to meet the requirements of the tasks it models, it is necessary that the mathematical apparatus correctly describe the simulated phenomena. In this monograph, the simulation of pursuit problems is carried out. An adaptive modeling of the behavior of both pursuers and targets is carried out. An iterative calculation of the trajectories of the participants in the pursuit problem is carried out. The main attention is paid to the methods of pursuit and parallel rendezvous. The

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6

Schra, L. Influence of gust spectrum variations on fatigue crack growth behaviour of damage tolerant aluminium-lithium sheet materials (NLR contribution to BREU 3250, Task 4). National Aerospace Laboratory, 1992.

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7

Corporation, Radiological Assessments, and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.), eds. The Fernald dosimetry reconstruction project: Responses to comments from the National Research Council related to task 4, "environmental pathways--models and variation" (issued as a draft report for comment). Radiological Assessments Corporation, 1995.

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8

Uittenhove, Kim, and Patrick Lemaire. Numerical Cognition during Cognitive Aging. Edited by Roi Cohen Kadosh and Ann Dowker. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642342.013.045.

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This chapter provides an overview of age-related changes and stabilities in numerical cognition. For each component (i.e. approximate and exact number system, quantification, and arithmetic) of numerical cognition, we review changes in participants’ performance during normal and pathological aging in a wide variety of tasks (e.g. number comparison, subitizing, counting, and simple or complex arithmetic problem-solving). We discuss both behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying these performance variations. Moreover, we highlight the importance of taking into account strategic variations. Ind

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9

Culicover, Peter W. Language Change, Variation, and Universals. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865391.001.0001.

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This volume is about how human languages get to be the way they are, why they are different from one another in some ways and not others, and why they change in the ways that they do. Given that language is a universal creation of the human mind, the puzzle is why there are different languages at all, why we don’t all speak the same language. And while there is considerable variation, there are ways in which grammars show consistent patterns. The solution to these puzzles, the author proposes, is a constructional one. Grammars consist of constructions that carry out the function of expressing

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10

Tomaskovic-Devey, Donald, and Dustin Avent-Holt. Relational Inequalities. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190624422.001.0001.

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Relational Inequalities focuses on the organizational production of categorical inequalities, in the context of the intersectional complexity and institutional fluidity that characterize social life. Three generic inequality-generating mechanisms—exploitation, social closure, and claims-making—distribute organizational resources, rewards, and respect. The actual levels and contours of the inequalities produced by these three mechanisms are, however, profoundly contingent on the historical moments and institutional fields in which organizations operate. Organizational inequality regimes are com

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11

McNamara Barry, Carolyn, Stephanie D. Madsen, and Alyssa DeGrace. Growing Up with a Little Help from their Friends in Emerging Adulthood. Edited by Jeffrey Jensen Arnett. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199795574.013.008.

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Friendships are vital to emerging adults’ adjustment due to the rapid changes that come during this decade (e.g., leaving their families of origin, delaying adult roles of marriage and parenthood). Indeed, friends are often central to emerging adults’ lives and can afford immeasurable support as they tackle developmental tasks, such as identity. This chapter reviews the literature on the types (same vs. opposite sex vs. friends with benefits), formation processes, and qualities of emerging adults’ friendships. The authors discuss variations in friendships as a function of gender, sexual orient

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12

Blount, Welton Ervin. No "small" task: Analyzing sociolinguistic variation among an african-american family in a small southern town. 2009.

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13

Pfurtscheller, Gert, and Fernando Lopes da Silva. EEG Event-Related Desynchronization and Event-Related Synchronization. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0040.

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Event-related desynchronization (ERD) reflects a decrease of oscillatory activity related to internally or externally paced events. The increase of rhythmic activity is called event-related synchronization (ERS). They represent dynamical states of thalamocortical networks associated with cortical information-processing changes. This chapter discusses differences between ERD/ERS and evoked response potentials and methodologies for quantifying ERD/ERS and selecting frequency bands. It covers the interpretation of ERD/ERS in the alpha and beta bands and theta ERS and alpha ERD in behavioral tasks

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14

Amram, David. Reflection. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199351411.003.0029.

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Music already tells a story. Any good teacher always talks about the shape of the phrase and how that individual moment relates to the whole picture. There’s an arc to a piece of music, just like in classical theatre where there’s a beginning, a middle and an end, and within those three essential areas of any form of expression there’s a presentation of themes and variations, recapitulation, ...

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15

Rückert, Joachim. The Invention of National Legal History. Edited by Heikki Pihlajamäki, Markus D. Dubber, and Mark Godfrey. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198785521.013.2.

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The chapter undertakes the first European overview up to the present and a comparison of the main European variations with its significant differences and communalities. European legal history is a product of special historiographies. The decisive contexts were the legal humanism and the monarchical state-nationalism of the seventeenth century. Legal history now was understood as task of legitimation, integration, and differentiation. The scientific basis was a new critical method. In the late eighteenth century the task became a modern national drive and was concentrated on state and folk. At

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16

Lægreid, Per. New Public Management. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.159.

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New Public Management (NPM) reforms have been around in many countries for over the past 30 years. NPM is an ambiguous, multifaceted, and expanded concept. There is not a single driving force behind it, but rather a mixture of structural and polity features, national historical-institutional contexts, external pressures, and deliberate choices from political and administrative executives. NPM is not the only show in town, and contextual features matter. There is no convergence toward one common NPM model, but significant variations exist between countries, government levels, policy areas, task

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17

Metzger, Melanie, and Cynthia Roy. Sociolinguistic Studies of Signed Language Interpreting. Edited by Robert Bayley, Richard Cameron, and Ceil Lucas. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199744084.013.0036.

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Sociolinguistic processes are inherent in the practice of interpretation. Interpreters, within seconds, receive, interpret, and reconstruct utterances between two languages, using their linguistic, social and cultural, or sociolinguistic, knowledge to create a successful, communicative exchange. This chapter describes some major and minor sociolinguistic studies of interpretation with the underlying assumption that interpretation itself constitutes a sociolinguistic activity from the moment an assignment is accepted, including the products and processes inherent to the task, reflecting various

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18

Egeberg, Morten, and Jarle Trondal. Political Steering and Bureaucratic Autonomy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825074.003.0006.

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This chapter draws attention to the effects of vertical specialization of organizations and how it affects public governance. The chapter documents that agency officials pay significantly less attention to signals from executive politicians than their counterparts within ministerial (cabinet-level) departments. This finding also holds when controlling for variation in tasks, the political salience of issue areas, and officials’ rank. In addition, it is documented that the greater the organizational capacity available within the respective ministerial departments, the more agency personnel tend

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19

DiFrisco, James. Biological Processes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779636.003.0004.

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This chapter investigates the identity and persistence conditions for processes as a task of biological process ontology. It argues that the problem of intrinsic variation in evolution, development, and metabolism motivates viewing biological individuals as processes rather than as substances. Different criteria of identity for processes are then evaluated, including causal and spatio-temporal relations. The chapter ultimately settles on the view that processes are individuated by causal cohesion and are identical if they share the same cohesive properties and spatio-temporal region. The persi

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20

Francis, Elaine J. Gradient Acceptability and Linguistic Theory. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192898944.001.0001.

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In Gradient Acceptability and Linguistic Theory, Elaine J. Francis examines a challenging problem at the intersection of theoretical linguistics and the psychology of language: the problem of interpreting gradient judgments of sentence acceptability in relation to theories of grammatical knowledge. This problem is important because acceptability judgments constitute the primary source of data on which such theories have been built, despite being susceptible to various extra-grammatical factors. Through a review of experimental and corpus-based research on a variety of syntactic phenomena and a

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21

Lighton, John R. B. Measuring Metabolic Rates. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830399.001.0001.

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Measuring Metabolic Rates demystifies the field of metabolic rate measurement, explaining every common variation of the art, from century-old manometric methods through ingenious syringe-based techniques, direct calorimetry, aquatic respirometry, stable-isotope metabolic measurement, and every type of flow-through respirometry. Each variation is described in enough detail to allow it to be applied in practice. Special chapters are devoted to metabolic phenotyping and human metabolic measurement, including room calorimetry. Background information on different analyzer and equipment types allows

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22

Liang, Percy, Michael Jordan, and Dan Klein. Probabilistic grammars and hierarchical Dirichlet processes. Edited by Anthony O'Hagan and Mike West. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198703174.013.27.

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This article focuses on the use of probabilistic context-free grammars (PCFGs) in natural language processing involving a large-scale natural language parsing task. It describes detailed, highly-structured Bayesian modelling in which model dimension and complexity responds naturally to observed data. The framework, termed hierarchical Dirichlet process probabilistic context-free grammar (HDP-PCFG), involves structured hierarchical Dirichlet process modelling and customized model fitting via variational methods to address the problem of syntactic parsing and the underlying problems of grammar i

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23

van Hout, Angeliek. Lexical and Grammatical Aspect. Edited by Jeffrey L. Lidz, William Snyder, and Joe Pater. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199601264.013.25.

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The topic of this chapter is the acquisition of lexical and grammatical aspect. Given wide cross-linguistic variation in aspect expression, the learnability issues center around form-meaning associations: how do learners determine the meaning of a certain aspectual form? Focusing on the literature on telicity and on the perfective-imperfective distinction, two main results stand out. Predicate telicity is easier than compositional telicity. The completion entailment of perfective is acquired at different ages across different languages, somewhere between 2.6 and 5. One novel direction of resea

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24

Wright Rigueur, Leah. Richard Nixon’s Black Cabinet. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691159010.003.0005.

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This chapter talks about how Richard Nixon's classist appeals for minority enterprise mirrored a theme central to black Republican thought and action. As previously seen, African American party members consistently proposed variations on a single core agenda, wedding liberal appeals for racial equality with a belief in traditional Republican principles. In particular, they had long called for the creation and implementation of a movement for economic civil rights, as an alternative means of reaching full equality. A June 1968 article in Time highlighted the prominent position of this centerpie

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25

Fuertes, Jairo N., ed. Working Alliance Skills for Mental Health Professionals. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190868529.001.0001.

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The impetus for this book comes from years of teaching and supervising graduate-level students and my being asked by thoughtful students some variation of the following question: “How do I go about establishing the working alliance?” In this volume, the authors focus on the working alliance, specifically Bordin’s conceptualization of the working alliance, which emphasizes therapist–client agreement on the goals and tasks of treatment, and the existence of a trust and bond that is made between the therapist and client. A perusal of the literature on the working alliance reveals that hundreds of

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26

Proust, Joëlle, and Martin Fortier, eds. Metacognitive Diversity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789710.001.0001.

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This book focuses on the variability of metacognitive skills across cultures. Metacognition refers to the processes that enable agents to contextually control their first-order cognitive activity (e.g. perceiving, remembering, learning, or problem-solving) by monitoring them, i.e. assessing their likely success. It is involved in our daily observations, such as “I don’t remember where my keys are,” or “I understand your point.” These assessments may rely either on specialized feelings (e.g. the felt fluency involved in distinguishing familiar from new environments, informative from repetitive

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27

Schifano, Norma. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804642.003.0001.

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Chapter 1 outlines the main research questions of the book, namely identifying a detailed map of verb movement across a wide selection of (non-)standard Romance varieties and showing that much more variation is attested than traditionally assumed. In order to achieve this goal, verb placement is tested with respect to a number of hierarchically ordered adverbs, as mapped by Cinque (1999), and taking into account not only present indicative lexical verbs, but also different verb typologies. Before proceeding with the investigation, a number of assumptions are presented, such as the methodologic

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28

Danielson, Michael S. Engagement Through the Diaspora Channel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190679972.003.0003.

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The first empirical task is to identify the characteristics of municipalities which US-based migrants have come together to support financially. Using a nationwide, municipal-level data set compiled by the author, the chapter estimates several multivariate statistical models to compare municipalities that did not benefit from the 3x1 Program for Migrants with those that did, and seeks to explain variation in the number and value of 3x1 projects. The analysis shows that migrants are more likely to contribute where migrant civil society has become more deeply institutionalized at the state level

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29

Pajunen, Anneli, and Mari Honko. Suomen kielen hallinta ja sen kehitys. Peruskoululaiset ja nuoret aikuiset. SKS Finnish Literature Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21435/skst.1472.

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The topic of the book is the incremental growth of linguistic knowledge from lexical to structural-cum-textual during the so-called later language development. Language mastery does not presuppose any acquaintance with prescriptive grammar but, instead, concerns the core of language which the so-called consensus principle applies to: the most frequent words and structures are mastered with certainty by everybody, but uncertainty increases as less frequent and more variable phenomena are taken into consideration. It is the goal of the study to make explicit the knowledge that is common to schoo

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30

Di Paolo, Ezequiel A., Thomas Buhrmann, and Xabier E. Barandiaran. Structures of sensorimotor engagement. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198786849.003.0003.

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The idea of lawful relations between sensory and motor patterns, or sensorimotor contingencies (SMCs), lies at the heart of sensorimotor approaches to perception. Yet despite the concept’s importance, surprisingly few attempts have been made to define it formally. On closer inspection, the notion admits different interpretations. In this chapter, a dynamical formalization of agent–environment interaction serves as the starting point to identify four kinds of SMCs, which are defined in operational terms. These are the notions of sensorimotor environment (open-loop motor-induced sensory variatio

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31

Battin, Margaret P. Could Suicide Really Be a Fundamental Human Right? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190675967.003.0012.

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Could suicide be not just a right, but a fundamental right, rooted in dignity? A linguistic triple threat complicates this question: problems about “rights,” problems about “dignity,” and problems about what counts as suicide. For example, Thich Nhat Hanh’s insistence that the self-immolations of Buddhist monks and nuns in Vietnam are not suicides provides one sort of challenge; Valerius Maximus’s account of the self-elected death of a 90-year-old woman of Cea in good health and ample wealth, another. Linguistic variation also complicates the question of rights: English’s principal term for su

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32

Simon, Gleeson. Part II Commercial Banking, 9 Model-Based Approaches to Risk Weighting. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198793410.003.0009.

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This chapter discusses the Basel risk model. Every financial institution expects to suffer some level of default. Consequently, all properly run banks make provisions for some level of default on their existing assets. This is known as expected loss. At some points losses will be lower than those expected, and at some points they will be higher. The task of the regulator is to set a capital requirement which just skims the top of the actual loss experience curve. If the capital requirement is set significantly higher than this, then banks will be penalized by being required to hold excessive c

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33

Stacey, Irwin O’Neal, ed. Digital Media. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781666993981.

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Digital Media: Human-Technology Connection examines what it is like to be alive in today’s technologically textured world and showcases specific digital media technologies that make this kind of world possible. So much of human experience occurs through digital media that reflection on the process and proliferation of digital consumption has become necessary. This book takes on that task through an interdisciplinary array of sources including philosophy, media studies, film studies, media ecology, and philosophy of technology. When placed in the interpretive lenses of artifact, instrument, and

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34

Kissane, David W., Barry D. Bultz, Phyllis N. Butow, Carma L. Bylund, Simon Noble, and Susie Wilkinson, eds. Oxford Textbook of Communication in Oncology and Palliative Care. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198736134.001.0001.

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This textbook integrates clinical wisdom with empirical findings, drawing upon the history of communication science, providing a comprehensive curriculum for applied communication skills training for specialist oncologists, surgeons, nurses, psychosocial care providers and other members of the multidisciplinary team. This new edition presents a curriculum for nurses, which discusses needs of pre-registration to advanced trainees, including the ‘SAGE & THYME’ training programme, chronic disease, responding to depressed patients, the last hours and days of life, family care, facilitation tra

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35

Ramani, Ramachandran, ed. Functional MRI. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190297763.001.0001.

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Functional MRI with BOLD (Blood Oxygen Level Dependent) imaging is one of the commonly used modalities for studying brain function in neuroscience. The underlying source of the BOLD fMRI signal is the variation in oxyhemoglobin to deoxyhemoglobin ratio at the site of neuronal activity in the brain. fMRI is mostly used to map out the location and intensity of brain activity that correlate with mental activities. In recent years, a new approach to fMRI was developed that is called resting-state fMRI. The fMRI signal from this method does not require the brain to perform any goal-directed task; i

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36

Thomsen, Frej Klem. Discrimination. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.202.

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The conceptualization and moral analysis of discrimination constitutes a burgeoning theoretical field, with a number of open problems and a rapidly developing literature. A central problem is how to define discrimination, both in its most basic direct sense and in the most prominent variations. A plausible definition of the basic sense of the word understands discrimination as disadvantageous differential treatment of two groups that is in some respect caused by the properties that distinguish the groups, but open questions remain on whether discrimination should be restricted to concern only

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