Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Variations de processus'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Variations de processus.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Khach, Rim Al. "Calcul stochastique ; calcul des variations pour les processus -stables." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066011.
Full textPENEL, AMANDINE. "Variations temporelles dans l'interpretation musicale : processus perceptifs et cognitifs." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066366.
Full textMICHAUD, ISABELLE. "Ph salivaire : variations et relation avec le processus carieux." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05M138.
Full textDang, Thi To Nhu. "Estimation des indices de stabilité et d'autosimilarité par variations de puissances négatives." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM033/document.
Full textThis work is concerned with the estimation of the self-similarity and the stability indices of a H-self-similarity stable process (field) or a multifractional stable process.More precisely, let X be a H-sssi (self-similar stationary increments) symmetric alpha-stable process (field) or a multifractional stable process. We observe X at points k/n, k=0,...,n.Our estimates are based on beta-negative power variations with -1/2
Austerlitz, Frédéric. "Variations sur l'impact des processus demographiques sur la diversite genetique." Paris, ENGREF, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENGR0060.
Full textBrouste, Alexandre. "Etude d'un processus bifractal et application en géologie." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00383912/en/.
Full textpar Mandelbrot & Van Ness en 1968, une vaste littérature s'est constituée autour de
l'estimation de l'autosimilarité et de la régularité hölderienne. Dans le cadre de l'analyse multifractale
des séries de Fourier et des séries d'ondelettes (pleines et lacunaires), les séries
aléatoires d'ondelettes basées sur un processus de branchement sont présentées. Leurs propriétés
analytiques (bifractalité, dimension de Hausdorff du graphe non entière) et la simulation de leurs
trajectoires montrent leur capacité à modéliser des processus intermittents. Une méthode d'estimation
conjointe des deux paramètres du modèle (estimation du paramètre de régularité et du paramètre
des lacunes) par filtrage d'une trajectoire est developpée pour ce modèle. Elle trouvera une application
naturelle pour la classification, en géophysique, des morphologies stylolitiques (roches sédimentaires de calcaire soumises à des processus
de dissolution sous contrainte). Ces séries généralisent ainsi les propriétés du mouvement brownien
fractionnaire (comme le font, d'une autre manière les processus stables) et peuvent expliquer les
phénomènes de persistance et de leptokurticité.
Bégyn, Arnaud. "Generalized quadratic variations of gaussian processes : limits theorems and applications to fractional processes." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30058.
Full textIf X is a fractional process, there exists a parameter H(X), which may be a vector or a function. This parameter is related to the properties of self-similarity of X and to the regularity of its trajectories. Therefore it is a relevant quantity which must be taken into account in a statistical study. The purpose of our PhD thesis is to yield conditions on a Gaussian processes X, which are satisfied in the case of fractional processes, and which enable to find a normalization returning its second order quadratic variation almost surely convergent and asymptotically normal. As in the case of the fractional Brownian motion, our work enables to construct a “good” estimation of some parameters of the considered fractional processes. For that we consider the usual statistic associated to the second order quadratic variation
Picot, Jérémy. "Variations autour du critère de Pareto." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN0654.
Full textSussarellu, Rossana. "Processus moléculaires et physiologiques liés aux variations d'oxygène chez l'huître creuse Crassostrea gigas." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2051.
Full textOxygen variations in coastal ecosystems can be a source of stress for marine organisms. Anthopogenic phenomena such as eutrophication can lead to fluctuations in dissolved oxygen ranging from hypoxia to hyperoxia and teading potentially to mortalities. Intertidal sessile organisms, such as the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, are continually subjected to such variations. The aim of this thesis was to understand the cellular and molecular processes in response to oxygen fluctuations in the oyster C. Gigas. A first transcriptic approach by microarray was performed in order to understand the mechanisms and the metabolic pathways involved in the response to hypoxia. Thanks to this approach the antioxidant and mitochondrial metabolism were targeted for further study. In the second part of the thesis, several approaches ranging from molecular to cellular techniques, have been used to better understand the processes involved in the response to short term oxygen variations and reoxygenation. A first transcriptional study has shown that transcriptional regulation does not seem to be the more relevant control level in the case of short-term hypoxia. A second study on mitochondrial functions evidenced the significance of respiratory chain rearrangements in regulating the response to hypoxia and reoxygenation. In conclusion this thesis gives a contribution to understand the response to oxygen fluctuations in a relatively tolerant organism as the Pacific oyster
Almeida-Cardoso, Alice. "Fratrie et art : variations du complexe fraternel au sein des processus de création artistique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA100073.
Full textL’étude des relations fraternelles a été longtemps négligée mais connaît un essor depuis les vingt dernières années encore que la plupart des travaux concernent les fratries ayant vécu des traumatismes. La création artistique a bien souvent été étudié du point de vue intrapsychique et la fratrie des artistes peu concernés dans la création. Ce travail de thèse vise plusieurs objectifs : étudier les processus de la création artistique articulé aux identifications, la transmission psychique et les fantasmes dans la création artistique. Nous cherchons à considérer la dimension groupale et pas seulement les alliances privilégiées qui s’établissent au sein d’une fratrie. La création artistique a été pensée à partir du concept freudien de sublimation mais en tant qu’un phénomène intersubjectif ; et l’œuvre d’art comme une construction située dans l’aire transitionnelle. Cette étude fait travailler l’hypothèse que le lien fraternel pourrait être le moteur de la création pour un ou plusieurs enfants. Ceci, en partant du présupposé que, si le sujet de l’inconscient est indissociable du sujet du lien (Kaës, 2008), on peut présumer que, parfois, les relations fraternelles/sororales affectent la production artistique et jouent un rôle dans l’organisation du lien adelphique. La méthodologie a ciblé des artistes contemporains de tout âge, ayant une fratrie (avec ou sans cohabitation) et qui développent un travail artistique. Le matériel clinique a été recueilli par écrit via des auto-questionnaires et oralement lors des entretiens semi-directifs. Parfois les œuvres des artistes ont enrichit le protocole de recherche. Les résultats ont démontré comment la création artistique et la sublimation peuvent être pensés à partir d’une logique interpsychique
O estudo das relações entre irmãos foi negligenciado por muito tempo, mas tem crescido nos últimos vinte anos, embora a maior parte do trabalho diga respeito à irmãos que sofreram traumas. A criação artística tem sido frequentemente estudada do ponto de vista intrapsíquico e os irmãos de artistas pouco envolvidos na criação. Esta tese tem vários objetivos: estudar os processos de criação artística articulados com identificações, transmissão psíquica e fantasias na criação artística. Procuramos considerar a dimensão grupal e não apenas as alianças privilegiadas que se estabelecem entre irmãos. A criação artística foi pensada a partir do conceito freudiano de sublimação, mas como um fenômeno intersubjetivo; e a obra de arte como construção localizada na área de transição.Este estudo parte da hipótese de que o laço fraterno pode ser o motor da criação de um ou mais filhos. Isso, partindo do pressuposto de que, se o sujeito do inconsciente é indissociável do sujeito do vínculo (Kaës, 2008), podemos supor que, por vezes, as relações fraternas/sororais afetam a produção artística e desempenham um papel na organização do laço fraterno.A metodologia tem como público-alvo artistas contemporâneos de todas as idades, com irmãos (com ou sem convivência) e que estejam desenvolvendo trabalhos artísticos. O material clínico foi coletado por escrito por meio de auto questionários e oralmente por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Por vezes, as obras dos artistas enriqueceram o protocolo de pesquisa.Os resultados demonstraram como a criação artística e a sublimação podem ser pensadas a partir de uma lógica interpsíquica
Fillon, Charlotte. "Variations spatio-temporelles dans l'exhumation Cénozoïque de la chaîne Pyrénéo-catabrienne : couplages entre tectonique et processus de surface." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00683929.
Full textMahaut, Lucie. "Dynamiques temporelles de l'assemblage des communautés de plantes adventices : interactions entre pratiques agricoles et processus écologiques au cours des séquences culturales." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK004/document.
Full textUnderstanding how farming practices affect weed community assembly in arable fields is a core challenge of agro-ecology. Weeds are supposed to share particular ecological characteristics that allow them to colonize arable fields despite environmental constrains exert by farming practices. In addition, interactions between ecological processes operating during a cropping season (eg: abiotic filtering) and at the scale of crop succession (eg: temporal dispersal) are supposed to drive weed community assembly in arable fields. These two hypotheses have been tested in my phD work.First, we compared a pool of weed species to a pool of non-weed herbaceous plants based on several functional traits to identify which functional traits and which strategies best characterized weeds. Our result brought evidences that weeds are a subset of non-weed herbaceous plant principally filtered out in arable fields by disturbances such as tillage. Second, I proposed different expected diversity patterns according to the influence of temporal dispersal and temporal variation of environmental conditions within temporal meta-community dynamics. Then I tested these predictions and quantified the respective contribution of contemporary and past ecological processes on weed community assembly. To do so, I used long term weed monitoring Biovigilance Flore dataset. Results showed that weed community assembly relies on complex interactions between temporal dispersal and contemporary environmental conditions. In addition, weed extinction risk seemed to increase for strong temporal variation of environmental conditions. However weed seed bank analyses are needed to confirm this hypothesis. Finally, my results confirmed that weed community assembly is largely unpredictable. I propose that patch dynamics and priority effects may explain this phenomenon.To conclude, the work presented here shade new lights on how farming practices interact with ecological processes across temporal and spatial scales to drive weed community assembly in arable fields
Taillan, Julien. "Vieillissement et variations stratégiques : étude des processus impliqués dans la sélection stratégique et leur évolution avec l'âge." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4766/document.
Full textResearchers in psychology have shown that we use several strategies to accomplish cognitive tasks. A strategy is a procedure or a set of procedures for achieving a higher level goal or task. One of the crucial issues concerns how we choose a strategy among several available strategies to solve each problem. To further our understanding of strategy selection, the overall objective of this thesis was to investigate processes involved in strategy selection, and their evolution with aging. To achieve this goal, we adopted both neuroscience and cognitive approach. Data reported in our fMRI studies indicate that a specific network was associated with strategy selection. This particular network includes prefrontal regions known to be engaged in tasks involving executive functions. Thus, our data suggest that, contrary to the assumptions of theoretical models, executive functions may be involved in the strategy selection. The lack of activation in these regions in older adults may help us to understand why the ability to choose the better strategy decreases during aging. Interestingly, we also show that participants can use different strategy selection processes based on the difficulty of problems. Finally, in the last section, we discuss the implications of our results for theoretical models of strategy selection, and for cognitive aging
Nourdin, Ivan. "Contributions à l'étude des processus gaussiens." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00287738.
Full textLe chapitre 2 présente des théorèmes limites abstraits (principalement valables pour une suite (F_n) d'intégrales multiples par rapport à un processus gaussien isonormal X) sous des hypothèses concernant la dérivée de Malliavin de F_n. Nous y exposons notamment une nouvelle méthode donnant (de manière étonnament simple) une estimation de type Berry-Esséen quand la suite (F_n) converge en loi vers une gaussienne. En particulier, cette méthode permet d'estimer la vitesse de convergence dans le classique théorème de Breuer et Major. Notons que les outils présentés dans ce chapitre sont la base des résultats obtenus dans le premier chapitre.
Le chapitre 3 est consacré à mes travaux relatifs à la théorie de l'intégration contre des ``chemins rugueux'' (rough paths en anglais). Tout d'abord, nous faisons un lien avec l'intégration par régularisation à la Russo-Vallois. Ensuite, nous étudions un problème de contrôle optimal. Enfin, nous exploitons l'intégration algébrique récemment introduite par Gubinelli pour calculer le développement asymptotique de la ``loi'' de la solution d'une équation différentielle stochastique dirigée par un brownien fractionnaire d'une part, et pour étudier les équations différentielles avec retard dirigées par un chemin rugueux d'autre part.
Enfin, dans le chapitre 4, nous définissons et étudions un nouvel objet, appelé ``dérivée stochastique''. Puis, nous illustrons certains phénomènes généraux en appliquant cette théorie au cas du mouvement brownien fractionnaire avec dérive.
Liu, Shuyan. "Lois stables et processus ponctuels : liens et estimation des paramètres." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463817.
Full textBARBOUCHE, MOHAMED RIDHA. "Autoanticorps naturels : etude de leurs variations en situation physiologique et au cours de certains processus immunopathologiques chez l'homme." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066514.
Full textMahdi-Khalil, Zeina. "Autour des équations stochastique fractionnaires : variations et estimation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I006.
Full textThis doctoral thesis is devoted to the study of the fractional stochastic heat equation driven by additive Gaussian noises.The world "fractional" concerns the appearance of the fractional Laplacian operator or it refers to the driven fractional noise. The Guassian random may have a non tivial correlation in time and/or in space.First, we analyze the stochastic differential heat equation with a fractional Laplacian operator with exponent alpha in (1, 2). The random noise is considered to be white in time and white or colored with respect to the space variable. We obtain several results concerning the existence of the solution, the regularity of its paths and its law. We noticed a link between the solution of fractional heat equation and some fractional stochastic processes (Fractional Brownian motion or bi-Fractional Brownian motion). Using this link, we study the asymptotic behavior of the generalized variations of the solution, in time and in space. We also propose, in the situation where the initial equation depends on a drift parameter, estimators for this parameter. The estimators are expressed as a function of the generalized variations of the mild solution. We use the behavior of these variations to prove some asymptotic properties (the consistency, asymptotic normality) of our estimators.In a second time, we analyze the wave stochastic equation on a finite interval in space. In this case, the character “fractional” is given by the Gaussian noise which behaves in time as a Fractional Brownian motion with Hurst parameter H in (½,1) with respect to the variable of time and as a standard Brownian motion in space. Our analysis is based on the expression of the Green kernel associated to the wave equation, which can be written as a trigonometric series. We establish various properties for the solution, including the scaling property, the pathwise regularity or the asymptotic behavior with respect to the Hurst parameter
Pinaud, David. "Relations entre les variations spatio-temporelles de l'environnement et les processus d'acquisition et d'allocation des ressources chez les procellariiformes." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13043.
Full textThis study concerns the relationships between environmental variability and populations of Procellariiforms in the south Indian Ocean, through their foraging ecology and allocation processes. Two major constraints affect the observed strategies: the patchy, heterogeneous resource distribution and the central-place constraint. All of six species of albatrosses and one of large petrel species adjust their foraging movements to the environment structure, by presenting an Area-Restricted Search (ARS) behaviour accordingly to patch scale sizes. The occurrence and the magnitude of this behaviour influence the foraging efficiency, probably in relation to resource density on patch. Facing to high inter-annual variability in resource abundance and distribution, albatrosses are able to adapt their foraging behaviour, but this flexibility can lead to breeding failure or low chick growth. Allocation decisions are mediated by body condition under the influence of the foraging efficiency, allowing to preserve adult survival and their high residual reproductive value when low resource conditions are occurring. Predictability in distribution and abundance of the resource exploited, but also foraging energetic costs and fasting capabilities, seem to be important to explain the variations observed in breeding success and ultimately demographic strategies of these Procellariiforms
Tillier, Charles. "Processus et indicateurs de risque en assurance non-vie et sécurité alimentaire." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100192.
Full textRisk analyses play a leading role within fields such as dietary risk, hydrology, nuclear security, finance and insurance and is more and more present in theapplications of various probability tools and statistical methods. We see a significant impact on the scientific literature and on public institutions in the past years. Risk theory, which is really close to extreme value analysis, typically deals with the occurrences of rare events which are functions of heavy-tailed random variables, for example, sums or products of regularly varying random variables. The purpose of this thesis is the following : to develop revelant risk indicators and to study the extremal properties of stochastic processes used in dietary risk assessment and in insurance. In Chapter 1, we present the main tools used in risk theory and the notion of regular variation and introduce different models involved in dietary risk assessment, which will be specifically studied in Chapters 2 and 3. Chapter 2 presents a joint work with Olivier Wintenberger. For a particular class of stochastic processes, under the assumption of regular variation, we propose a method that gives way to asymptotic equivalents on a finite-time horizon of risk indicators such as the ruin probability, the Expected Time over a Threshold or the Expected Severity of the ruin. Chapter 3 focuses on dietary risk models. To be precise, we study the extremal properties of an extension of a model called KDEM for Kinetic Dietary Exposure Model introduced by Patrice Bertail and his co-authors in 2008. Under the assumption of regular variation, we provide asymptotic equivalents for the tail behavior and the extremal index of the exposure process. In Chapter 4, we review different statistical tools specifically tailored for the study of the extremal behavior of Markov processes. Thanks to regeneration properties, we can split the path of observations into blocks which are independent and identically distributed. This technic still works even if the Markov chain is not atomic. We focus here on the estimation of the tail index and the extremal index. We illustrate the performance of these technics applying them on two models in insurance and finance for which we know the theoritical results
Pouliquen, Gaud. "Les anomalies magnétiques marines : contraintes sur les variations courtes périodes des processus de l'accrétion et de l'intensité du champ magnétique terrestre." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077236.
Full textNachin, Laurence. "Virulence d'Erwinia chrysanthemi : Un processus intégrant less variations de pH, la disponibilité en fer et la résistance au stress oxydatif." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22089.
Full textLecourt, Christelle. "Les variations de taux de change au jour le jour : une approche économétrique à partir des processus à mémoire longue." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50374-2000-3.pdf.
Full textCumer, Tristan. "Etude des variants structuraux génomiques pour comprendre les processus démographiques et adaptatifs impliqués dans la domestication des petits ruminants." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV075/document.
Full textGenomic structural variations (SVs) account for a large part of the polymorphism between individuals, but their impacts on micro-evolutionary processes remain poorly known and large-scale studies are scarce.The first part of this manuscript is a bibliographic study of SVs in domestic animals. This part highlights the importance of SVs in modifying genes or their regulation, impacting a large number of traits selected during domestication and linked to productivity, morphology or behaviour.Based on the study of resequenced data from 500 whole genomes of wild and domestic small ruminants, the second part, targeting three SVs described in the bibliography, allowed (i) to refute the hypothesis of a link between the domestication of sheep and the amplification of endogenous protective copies of the JSRV retrovirus located in the 6q13 region, l, (ii) to identify duplications surrounding and affecting the ASIP gene that could be involved in the coat color changes related to the domestication of small ruminants, as well as (iii) highlight a potential adaptive role to arid climate of an haplotype of beta-globin locus in sheep.In the third part, we conducted a whole genome survey of SVs . Through the development of a SVs detection method and its application, we could detect about 50k and 20k SVs in Ovis and Capra. Of these SVs, 135 and 70 in Ovis and Capra, respectively, appear to be linked with domestication and affect genes involved in improvement, immunity, reproduction or survival. In addition, in Morocco, the distributions of 130 SVs for sheep and 35 SVs for goats covariate with environmental variables. Some of them affect genes involved in morphology, immunity and metabolism.This work highlights that many variants impacting genes might have been targeted during initial domestication and subsequent improvement steps or during the local adaptation of sheep and goats. It demonstrates the importance of considering structural variants in genomic studies to describe the genetic basis of domestication
Bruder, Benjamin. "[Stochastic control and applications to option hedging with illiquidity : theoritical and numerical aspects]." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077006.
Full textWe study some applications of stochastic control to option hedge with illiquidity. In the first part, we focus on a superreplication problem in a stochastic volatility model. The specificity comes from the fact that the asset which is used to hedge volatility is illiquid, thus only a finite total amount of transactions can be operated during the hedging. The second part is about option hedging in presence of uncertain volatility, which dynamics are unspecified. We introduce a criterion to obtain non trivial prices, by allowing the agent to lose money for improbable volatility scenarios. At last, in the third part, we study an impulse control problem in which the actions take effect with delay. This can be applied for hedging options on hedge funds. Indeed, buying and selling orders on these funds are executed with delay. In each part, we characterize the value function of the problem as the unique viscosity solution of a partial differentiel equation. In the first and third parts, we also introduce, in a second chapter, numerical algorithms to solve those PDE with finite differences methods. Convergence of these algorithms is proved in a theoretical framework
Cerpa, Gilvonio Nestor. "Interaction lithosphère-manteau en contexte de subduction 3D. Relations entre déformation de surface et processus profonds." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4045/document.
Full textOver the time scale of tens of millions of years, a subduction system involves large deformations of tectonics plates, as one plate sinks into the Earth's mantle. The aim of this work was to develop a soli-fluid coupling method applied to the lithosphere-asthenosphere interaction in the context of subduction zones. Plates were assumed to behave as viscoelastic bodies, while the upper mantle was assimilated to a newtonian fluid. The method developped here is based on the use of non-matching interface meshes and a fictitious domain method (FDM) for the fluid problem. To optimize the computational efficiency of 3D model, we used a simplified version of the Lagrange multipliers fictitious domain method. The developped FDM has been benchmarked with analytical solutions and we showed that this FDM is a first-order method. The coupling method has also been compared to other fluid-solid coupling methods using matching interfaces meshes. A first two-dimensional study was performed in order to evaluate the influence of some rheological and kinematic parameters on the dynamics of a subduction controlled by the velocity of the plates. This study aimed at investigating cyclic slab folding over a rigid 660 km depth transition zone. This folding mechanism induces variations in slab dip that generate variations in the stress state of the overriding plate. We focussed on the influence of the upper mantle viscosity on slab folding. We also applied this model to the Andean subduction zone. Several studies have determined a cyclic variation of the South-American tectonic regime (period of 30-40~Myrs) which may have been related to the slab dip evolution
Khalil, Marwa. "Les variations des processus auto-similaires : Contributions à l'étude des draps browniens fractionnaires et de la solution de l'équation stochastique des ondes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10176/document.
Full textThis thesis is divided into three distinct chapters with a common denominator which is the stochastic analysis of some Gaussian fields. The multi-parameter stochastic processes that appeared in this manuscript are generally self-similar. Self-similarity is the property that a stochastic process preserves its law after a scaling of time. Firstly, we deduced new aspects of the fractional Brownian sheet, using essentially the notion of the Lamperti transform. A Focus on the stochastic differential equation verified by this transform sheet was also mentioned. Secondly, we analyzed the asymptoticbehavior of the spatial quadratic variations of processes that are solutions of two types of stochastic wave equations perturbed by two kinds of self-similar Gaussian noises. The main tool in our reasoning was new criteria based on the Malliavin calculus and combined with the classical method of Stein. As an application, we constructed, by the aid of the quadratic variations, an estimator of the Hurst index H of the fractional noise
Giannone, Grégory. "Rôle des variations de calcium intracellulaire dans le processus de migration d'une lignée astrocytaire humaine : liens avec la dynamique des points focaux d'adhésion." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13756.
Full textDelpierre, Nicolas. "Etude du déterminisme des variations interannuelles des échanges carbonés entre les écosystèmes forestiers européens et l’atmosphère : une approche basée sur la modélisation des processus." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112167.
Full textRavilly, Morgane. "Etude de l'anomalie magnétique axiale le long de la ride médio-atlantique : implications sur les processus de l'accrétion et les variations temporelles du champ géomagnétique." Brest, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BRES2042.
Full textDorobantu, Diana. "Modélisation du risque de défaut en entreprise." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00257243.
Full text$sup_{\tau\in \Delta, \tau\geq 0} \esp_v\left[g(V_{\tau})\right] \hbox{~ou}~
sup_{\tau\in \Delta, \tau\geq 0} \esp_v\left[e^{-r\tau}\bar{g}(V_{\tau})\right],$
où $V$ est un processus stochastique, $g$ et $\bar{g}$ deux fonctions boréliennes, $r>0$ et $\Delta$ est l'ensemble des $\F^V$-temps d'arrêt ($\F_.^V$ étant la filtration engendrée par le processus $V$).
L'étude de ces problèmes est motivée par les applications dans plusieurs domaines comme la finance, l'économie ou la médecine.
La première partie est une mise en évidence du fait que le plus petit temps d'arrêt optimal est parfois un temps d'atteinte. C'est pourquoi, dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, on s'intéresse à la loi d'un temps d'atteinte d'un processus de Lévy à sauts ainsi qu'à quelques applications à la finance, plus précisément lors du calcul de l'intensité de ce temps d'arrêt associée à une certaine filtration $\F$. Deux cas sont présentés : quand le temps d'arrêt est un $\F$-temps d'arrêt et quand il ne l'est pas.
Brunet, Frédéric. "VARIATIONS DE LA SIGNATURE ISOTOPIQUE δ13C DU CARBONE INORGANIQUE DISSOUS DANS LES RIVIÈRES ET LES FLEUVES." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00184081.
Full textMhira, Souhir. "Méthodes innovantes de gestion statique et dynamique de la fiabilité électrique des circuits CMOS M40 et 28FD sous conditions réelles d'utilisation (HTOL)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0129.
Full textThis thesis deals with the design and testing of the first self-adaptive nanoscale CMOS circuits dedicated to automotive, avionics and aerospace applications, under high stress environment because they are subject to the trade-off between speed (performance), consumption (Low Power) and aging (Wearout). Innovative solutions have been developed with dynamic control loops to optimize the consumption of the various elements (design level) and blocks (system), while ensuring their smooth operation. Validation of solutions has been achieved step by step in the design chain, focusing first on the development of a first demonstrator in 40nm CMOS (M40) technology for automotive applications from STMicroelectronics. Various ways of anticipating errors were compared by retaining the IS2M (adjustable time window) delay detection in critical paths as the most efficient for optimization solutions. A theoretical modeling of the control loops has resulted in a simulation tool based on time discrete Markov chains (DTMC). This modeling was successfully confronted with silicon measurements demonstrating that the solutions selected offered a reduction in the power consumed by 2 with equal performance and reliability. In the last part, the high-level hierarchical modeling was applied on several systems / products of 28nm FDSOI CMOS nodes (28FD), in order to validate the relevance of the dynamic adaptation (D-ABB) in supply and face voltages. (VDD, VB). This allowed to prove the validity of the complete methodology by arriving at the precise statistical prediction of the reliability integrating the whole performance-consumption value chain using the advanced simulations
Breviere, Emilie. "Variabilités temporelles des flux de CO2 à l'interface air-mer dans l'océan Indien et Austral au sud de la Tasmanie." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00080464.
Full textLa région subantarctique (43-53°S) est un puits intense de CO2 au printemps comme en été et la variabilité interannuelle n'y semble pas significative.
La région située au sud de 62°S présente une forte variabilité spatio-temporelle due en grande partie à l'influence des glaces.
La zone ouverte de l'océan Austral (POOZ) présente la variabilité estivale interannuelle la plus importante: En février elle est presque à l'équilibre en 1997 (–0.3 mmol.m-2.j-1) et présente un puits intense en 2003 (–20.6 mmol.m-2.j-1). Une augmentation de la biomasse phytoplanctonique est à l'origine de ce puits. L'exploitation de différents paramètres révèle que l'augmentation de biomasse n'a pas pu être favorisée par une augmentation de SST, ni par un régime mélange/lumière ou par un contenu intégré d'ozone stratosphérique différents. Par contre, les processus à l'origine de cet accroissement semblent être liés à la présence d'un évènement ENSO en 2002/03 et à des apports de fer épisodiques provenant d'Australie.
Liaud, Céline. "Développement de méthodes d'échantillonnage rapides et d'analyses différées au laboratoire : détermination de l'évolution temporelle des concentrations des COVs et COSVs et compréhension des processus physico-chimiques en air intérieur." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAF054/document.
Full textThis work aims at developing rapid and simple air sampling techniques followed by laboratory analyses to highlight the occurrence of the main species in indoor air and to describe their temporal variations. The analytical development was focused on 52 VOCs belonging to a wide variety of chemical families to determine their concentrations. The sampling step was performed using an automatic sampler allowing the sampling of air on adsorbent tubes. These tubes were then thermally desorbed and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to FID. Another analytical development was conducted to determine the particle bound PAHs concentrations. The sampling of particles was realized by the mean of a 3-stages cascade impactor allowing an aerosol fractionation depending on their aerodynamic diameter. Finally, quantification of PAHs was realized by liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detection. These two techniques were applied in a field campaign in the frame of the MERMAID program
Villacis, Marcos. "Ressources en eau glaciaire dans les Andes d'Equateur en relation avec les variations du climat : le cas du volcan Antizana." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20078.
Full textWe estimated the glacier contribution in basins partially glaciarized, located over 4000 m of altitude. We have used new hydrological, glaciological and meteorological measurements, obtained during the years of 1999 to 2007. Over the Humboldt basin (14. 2 km2), which is 14% glaciarized, annual glacier contribution is 22%, but this glacier contributions could increase to 30% or 40%, because part of the glacier contribution that is infiltrated shall feed the rivers located at lower altitude than the glacier. Seasonal variations of glacier contributions shows that, glacier contribution is stronger between the month of November and March (31%), and it is weaker between June and September (10%). The highest glacier contribution is in correspondence with the maximum of temperature, humidity, precipitation and the minimum of wind. The contrary is true for the smallest glacier contribution. Conceptual and statistical models allow us to identify over the years 2005-2006, the role of temperature, but also the role of wind. Wind strength and wind direction are related to humidity fluxes and shall influence the sublimation. Another model show that, if actual climate conditions will continue in the future, after and increase of glacier contribution as consequence of accelerated shrinkage of glaciers: i) under the hypothetical scenario A2 of the IPCC (warming of +5. 7ºC in 100 years), the glacier contribution will diminish until disappear in 60 year, ii) while, under the hypothetical scenario B1 (warming of +1. 8ºC in 100 years), the glacier contribution will disappear in 140 years
Gradinaru, Mihai. "Applications du calcul stochastique à l'étude de certains processus." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011826.
Full textentre 1996 et 2005, après la thèse de doctorat de l'auteur, et concerne l'étude fine de
certains processus stochastiques : mouvement brownien linéaire ou plan, processus de diffusion,
mouvement brownien fractionnaire, solutions d'équations différentielles stochastiques ou
d'équations aux dérivées partielles stochastiques.
La thèse d'habilitation s'articule en six chapitres correspondant aux thèmes
suivants : étude des intégrales par rapport aux temps locaux de certaines diffusions,
grandes déviations pour un processus obtenu par perturbation brownienne d'un système
dynamique dépourvu de la propriété d'unicité des solutions, calcul stochastique
pour le processus gaussien non-markovien non-semimartingale mouvement brownien fractionnaire,
étude des formules de type Itô et Tanaka pour l'équation de la chaleur stochastique,
étude de la durée de vie du mouvement brownien plan réfléchi dans un domaine à
frontière absorbante et enfin, estimation non-paramétrique et construction d'un
test d'adéquation à partir d'observations discrètes pour le coefficient de diffusion d'une
équation différentielle stochastique.
Les approches de tous ces thèmes sont probabilistes et basées sur l'analyse stochastique.
On utilise aussi des outils d'équations différentielles, d'équations aux dérivées partielles
et de l'analyse.
Ramaroson, Richard Radiela Andrianaina. "Modélisation locale, à une et trois dimensions des processus photochimiques de l'atmosphère moyenne." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935265.
Full textBrunet, Frédéric. "Variations de la signature isotopique (delta)13 C du carbone inorganique dissous dans les rivières et les fleuves." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30228.
Full textThe scientific objective of this work is to better understand the riverine carbon transfers to the oceans and to identify the different biogeochemical processes controlling these transfers using carbon isotopic signature (d13C). In order to do that, 25 watersheds have been investigated in the world, going from small catchments to large river basins. The results emphasize the major control of CO2 degassing to the atmosphere and of organic carbon oxidation (allochtonous and autochtonous) on the riverine d13CDIC. The average isotopic signature d13CDIC of the inorganic carbon riverine flux into the oceans has been estimated in this study to be -11,8. Finally, a first approach of a numerical model (d-Carb) has been developed to simulate the d13CDIC evolution in rivers
Prudent, Marion. "Analyse des variations de poids et de teneurs en sucres du fruit de tomate par une approche intégrative combinant des études écophysiologique, génétique et moléculaire." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00600410.
Full textSwanson, Jason. "Variations of stochastic processes : alternative approaches /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5733.
Full textGonzalez, Camacho Juan-Manuel. "Modélisation stochastique d'une irrigation à la raie." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20302.
Full textSakamoto, Ferranti Emma Jayne. "Conditional analysis of climatic processes and variations." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.652019.
Full textFarkas, Gergely. "Applications of Stochastic calculus in economy and statistics: Extensions of the Kyle-Back model. Ambit processes and power variation." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145973.
Full textWu, Zeqin. "SSTA Basée sur la Propagation des Moments." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00471241.
Full textWu, Zeqin. "SSTA basée sur la propagation des moments." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20133.
Full textCai, Hao. "Fiabilisation de convertisseurs analogique-numérique à modulation Sigma-Delta." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0046/document.
Full textThis thesis concentrates on reliability-aware methodology development, reliability analysis based on simulation as well as failure prediction of CMOS 65nm analog and mixed signal (AMS) ICs. Sigma-Delta modulators are concerned as the object of reliability study at system level. A hierarchical statistical approach for reliability is proposed to analysis the performance of Sigma-Delta modulators under ageing effects and process variations. Statistical methods are combined into this analysis flow
O'Donnell, Brendan. "Fabrication related variations in property in injection mouldings." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303356.
Full textLindsey, Charles. "Two-parameter stochastic processes with finite variation." Gainesville, FL, 1988. http://www.archive.org/details/twoparameterstoc00lind.
Full textAgrawal, Rekha. "Variation transmission in multi-stage industrial processes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21327.pdf.
Full textManstavicius, Martynas. "The p-variation of strong Markov processes /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2003.
Find full textAdvisers: Richard M. Dudley; Marjorie G. Hahn. Submitted to the Dept. of Mathematics. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-113). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;