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Academic literature on the topic 'Variations génotypiques'
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Journal articles on the topic "Variations génotypiques"
Ravakarivelo, Monique, Elodie Pepey, John A. H. Benzie, Noromalala Raminosoa, Harentsoaniaina Rasamoelina, Olivier Mikolasek, and Hugues De Verdal. "Genetic variation in wild populations and farmed stocks of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Madagascar." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 72, no. 3 (October 7, 2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.31780.
Full textNasr, Hafedh, Tahar Sghaier, Mohamed Habib Ghorbal, and Yvon René Dommergues. "Variabilité génotypique de l'aptitude à la fixation symbiotique de l'azote chez Acacia cyanophylla Lindl." Canadian Journal of Botany 77, no. 1 (June 1, 1999): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b98-200.
Full textLE MIGNON, G., Y. BLUM, O. DEMEURE, E. LE BIHAN-DUVAL, P. LE ROY, and S. LAGARRIGUE. "Apports de la génomique fonctionnelle à la cartographie fine de QTL." INRAE Productions Animales 23, no. 4 (November 14, 2010): 343–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2010.23.4.3313.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Variations génotypiques"
Quilot, Bénédicte Marie. "Vers une démarche de sélection variétale assistée par des modèles écophysiologiques et génétiques : Cas de la qualité organoleptique chez la pêche (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch)." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INAP0020.
Full textWe evaluated the possibility of using ecophysiological models to describe genetic variations observed in a population, identify QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci) for the model parameters and combine QTLs and ecophysiological models. This approach was applied to peach quality observed in an advanced backcross between Prunus persica (L. Batsch) and Prunus davidiana. The ecophysiological model predicts fruit and stone dry and fresh masses and total sugar concentration in relation to environmental conditions. A preliminary study was conducted to select relevant parameters among the 40 ones of the model. In a first step these parameters were estimated experimentally for nearly 130 individuals of the population and independent data were acquired to test the predictive quality of the model. In a second step, model analysis allowed us to identify the key genotypic parameters. In a third step, QTL analysis resulted in the description of a model of genetic control of these parameters which predicts the parameters values for any genotype according to the alleles present at each locus of interest. To combine ecophysiological and genetic models, we replaced in the ecophysiological model the measured values of the parameters by the values predicted by the genetic model. Twelve genotypic parameters, involved in identified ecophysiological processes, appeared essential. Tight links appeared between some of the parameters. QTLs for the twelve parameters were detected and co-locations between QTLs for quality traits and QTLs for parameters were observed. The biological meaning of the parameters should make it possible to interpret the role of the corresponding genes. The combined model was satisfactory, however ways to improve it were suggested. For example, detailed study and modelling of the boundary processes of the ecophysiological model, early fruit growth and pre-harvest maturation, should be interesting since they appeared to be key processes. The most attractive potential use of the combined model is to predict the behaviour of ideotypes carrying any combination of alleles from the population
Boutellis, Amina. "Etudes des variations phénotypiques et génotypiques des poux de tête et des poux de corps de l'homme." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5036.
Full textLice are effective markers for studying human evolution because they have been parasitizing humans since the emergence of our hominid ancestors and have been dispersed throughout the world by early human migrations. Human head and body lice have been studied morphologically for a long time. Head lice live and lay their eggs in human hair. Body lice live and lay their eggs in clothes, are associated with poor hygiene in clothing and are responsible for the transmission of epidemic typhus, trench fever and relapsing fever. One aim of my thesis was to increase the knowledge of human head lice and body lice for a better control. It is critical to determine if head lice and body lice are allopatric, with distinct epidemiology, or if they might exist in sympatry. Then, mitochondrial DNA studies have shown that there are three clearly divergent clades of head lice (A, B and C) and that only one clade of body lice is shared with head lice (clade A). Each clade has a unique geographic distribution. During the thesis work, extensive literature survey was done to write a review. Then we aimed to establish a molecular tool in order to distinguish between head and body lice. We found that only one gene (Phum_PHUM540560 gene) was able to differentiate the two ecotypes of Pediculus humanus. Moreover, we aimed to estimate the correlation between phenotypes and genotypes among human lice, and we found that the lice phylogeny (based on intergenic spacers) was correlated to the geographic origin of lice, but no correlation between the color and the phylogeny
Chabaud, Martine. "Étude des variations génotypiques chez les virus par amplification génique : application à l’hépatite b et aux infections à papillomavirus humains." Tours, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOUR3803.
Full textCoutelle-Labarthe, Christiane. "Recherches biocliniques sur les enzymes du métabolisme de l'alcool : alcool déshydrogénase, aldéhyde déshydrogénase, glutathion S-transférase 1 : activités, variations phénotypiques, distributions génotypiques." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2E002.
Full textRoubeau, Dumont Eva. "Variabilité intraspécifique de la sensibilité des macrophytes aquatiques à la contamination chimique : l'exemple du cuivre." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30299/document.
Full textIntraspecific variability plays a pivotal role in short and long term responses of species to environmental fluctuations. This variability, expressed through different traits of individuals, can potentially influence species sensitivity to chemical contamination. This intraspecific variability is currently not taken into account in ecotoxicological risk assessment, whereas it can mislead its results. To examine this hypothesis, the importance of intraspecific variability in the response to copper (Cu) was quantified in controlled conditions for three aquatic macrophyte species, Lemna minor, Myriophyllum spicatum and Ceratophyllum demersum. Variations among genotypes of each of these 3 species were compared to interspecific variability. Results have highlighted a significant genotypic variability, whose importance depends on the species considered. Indeed, L. minor demonstrated a low variability, contrarily to M. spicatum whose variability in growth inhibition by Cu was higher than interspecific differences. In order to specify the extent and the mechanisms of genotypic variability in M. spicatum, other experiments involving measurements of life-history traits have been conducted on 7 genotypes exposed to Cu. Results showed that some genotypes were up to eightfold more sensitive to Cu than others (at concentrations ranging between 0.15 and 0.5 mg/L). These differences in sensitivity were partly explained by the traits measured, but physiological or transcriptomic endpoints may explain more precisely the source of these differences in sensitivity. Finally, 3 experiments with fluctuations in nutrient concentrations, light intensity and Cu pre-exposure have demonstrated that phenotypic plasticity plays an important role in L. minor sensitivity to Cu. Indeed, the weakening of individuals, as a result of unfavorable environmental conditions, can lead to a two-fold increase in sensitivity to Cu.[...]
Bui, Hong-Hai. "Analyse de la diversité inter et intra-spécifique des paramètres de l’architecture des systèmes racinaires chez les Solanacées." Thesis, Avignon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AVIG0672/document.
Full textAnalysis of the inter and intra specific diversity of the parameters of the root system architecture in the Solanaceae.Plant roots play an important role to ensure the productivity and the resistance to manystresses. In new agricultural context, the importance of root system and its architecture are placed tothe forefront. Our study focuses on the root architecture dynamics of Solanaceae, which contains aseries of important horticultural species for the alimentation. Our work was based on 32 genotypesbelonging to three groups of species: aubergines, capsicums, and tomatoes.In this study, we propose firstly an analysis of inter‐ and intra ‐ specific diversity of rootarchitecture through evaluating a set of traits which are also the parameters of a dynamic simulationmodel (ArchiSimple: Pagès et al, 2012). The experiment in pots with a very favorable condition forplant growth and rooting was conducted for the first evaluation. It showed that the selected roottraits present an effect of genetic ‐ originated variations and this effect is usually stronger amongspecies than within species. We also found correlations between certain traits, which revealcompromises or coordinations in the developmental processes.In order to go deeper into the signification of selected root traits and their stability toenvironmental conditions, we also evaluated these traits in hydroponic culture. This environment isradically different, and interesting for its possibilities to visualize the roots. An experimental setupwith hydroponic rhizotrons was specially built for this experiment. In the new conditions, the genetic‐ originated differences between different genotypes used also were found. In addition, wecompared systematically the traits values with those of the previous experiment. Certain traits arestable or highly correlated (e.g., apical diameter, inter‐branch distance), while others are muchdifferent (e.g., root growth rate, emission rate of adventitious roots).In a third experiment, we used different grafting combinations between genotypes todeepen the question of the control of root traits by interactions within plant: either short distancecontrol within root system or long distance control by aerial system. Two important root traits (apicaldiameter and branching density) have been studied by grafting between genotypes which havecontrasting values on these traits. The different responses appear: a significant effect of scion ondiameters, which indicate that at least of this trait is controlled by shoot system, and a weak effect orno effect of scion on branching density, revealing the local control of this trait, by short distanceinteractions between the roots. This experiment showed a great potential of grafting to highlightvarious control mechanisms of root traits within whole plant.AbstractBui H.H. (2015), Diversité inter- et intra-spécifique des paramètres racinaires chez les Solanacées 113This study deserve to be extended by more systematic analysis of determinisms of variationsof root architecture traits, and by using simulation model which allow to integrate the consequencesof traits variations on global performances of root system for prospecting of soil
Lafon, Placette Clément. "Contrôle épigénétique de la plasticité de l'appareil végétatif du peuplier en réponse à des variations de la disponibilité en eau." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840258.
Full textLafon, Placette Clément. "Contrôle épigénétique de la plasticité de l’appareil végétatif du peuplier en réponse à des variations de la disponibilité en eau." Thesis, Orléans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ORLE2077/document.
Full textPredicted climate changes and particularly drought represent a major threat to forest health. Therefore, understanding mechanisms that control trees response to variations in water availability is of great interest. These last years, epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation have been involved in plant phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental stresses. In this context, this work aimed at assessing the role of shoot apical meristem cells DNA methylation in the shoot developmental plasticity towards variations in water availability in poplar, a model tree. For this purpose, the methylome of non condensed chromatin in Populus trichocarpa shoot apical meristem was characterized. Then, the impact of variations in water availability on shoot apex DNA methylation in different hybrids (P. × euramericana) was studied. Loci and gene networks affected by DNA methylation and expression changes were thus identified. This work showed that in shoot apical meristem, most of the genes was in non condensed chromatin state with DNA methylation in their body. A strong variation in DNA methylation depending on genotypes and water availability was highlighted. Moreover, correlations between trees growth and shoot apex DNA methylation levels were established. Lastly, DNA methylation changes in response to variations in water availability correlated to expression variations were identified for genomic loci and gene networks. Thus, the work performed during this thesis suggests a role for DNA methylation in poplar phenotypic plasticity in response to variations in water availability through the control of gene networks transcription in the shoot apical meristem