Relevant bibliographies by topics / Varicose veins

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Academic literature on the topic 'Varicose veins'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Varicose veins"

1

Nüllen, H., and T. Noppeney. "REVAT (Recurrent Varices After Treatment)." Phlebologie 38, no. 06 (2009): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1622280.

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SummaryThe term “recurrent varicose veins” covers various entities. In the first instance, recurrent varicose veins may be the progression of the underlying disease, as there is a hereditary disposition to the condition, but we also find the phenomenon of neovascularisation, and lastly we repeatedly see recurrent varices as a result of technical or strategic surgical errors and the failure of endovenous procedures. No differentiation between these different types of recurrent varicose veins has previously been made in the literature, so that the numbers given vary between 6% and 60%. Up to the present time, few data on the progression of the underlying disease are to be found in the literature. Our own studies, on average 36 months postoperatively, demonstrated new varicose side branches that could be interpreted as progression of the underlying disease in 56.8% of the patients followed up.Several recent publications demonstrate neovascularisation as a cause of recurrence. While some authors give a figure of 24% for recurrence due to neovascularisation in patients who have had surgery, other publications regard neovascularisation as the main cause of postoperative recurrence.The data on technical or strategic surgical errors and recanalisation after endovenous procedures are also very varied. Numbers for technical errors as the cause of recurrent varicose veins following surgery range from 10.7% to more than 70%. Published recanalisation rates after endovenous laser therapy vary between 0% and 36%; the average recanalisation rate in the available prospective randomised studies on radiofrequency obliteration was 12.9%. Foam sclerotherapy has recanalisation rates between 69% and 86%, with a mean follow-up of 32.2 months.Given the different possible causes, it is extremely important, that recurrent varicose veins should be classified. The authors have developed a simple classification that can be used in routine daily practice. Recurrent varicose veins are given the acronym REVAT (recurrent varices after treatment). Generally speaking, on the one hand there is progression of the underlying disease (progression of disease = PD) and, on the other hand, varicosities after treatment as a result of technical error or failure of the method used (recurrence after treatment = RT). Progression of the underlying disease can be further subdivided into neovascularisation at the saphenofemoral or popliteal junction (progression of disease at the junction = PD-J) and new varices arising in the treated vascular territory (progression of disease at the limb = PD-L).In the case of recurrent varices after treatment we distinguish between a persisting or a new reflux at the saphenofemoral or the popliteal junction (recurrence after treatment at the junction = RT-J), untreated segments of the great or small saphenous veins or recanalisation of the trunk (recurrence after treatment at the trunk = RT-T) and untreated side branches or perforating veins (recurrence after treatment at side branches = RT-S). With the help of these abbreviations a simple formula can be generated to describe the recurrent varices, e.g. recanalisation of the left great saphenous vein (GSV) after endovenous treatment and a new varicosis in the vascular territory of the left great saphenous vein resulting from progression of the underlying disease: vascular territory left great saphenous vein = GSV-L, technical or tactical error due to recanalisation of the GSV = RT-T, progression of the underlying disease in the vascular territory of the GSV = PD-L. This generates the formula: GSV-L : RT-T, PD-L.Since there are no exact figures on the incidence of the individual causes of recurrent varicosis, a classification of recurrent varicosis is indispensable to ensure clarity in the future.
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Kirsch, Delia, Dienes, Küchle, Duschner, Wahl, Böttger, and Junginger. "Veränderungen der extrazellulären Matrix in der Venenwand – Ursache der primären Varikosis?" Vasa 29, no. 3 (August 1, 2000): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526.29.3.173.

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Background: Conflicting theories on the development of primary varicosis have led to the molecular biological investigation of the vein wall or, more accurately, of the extracellular matrix. It was the aim of this study to quantify matrix expression and to compare pathological changes in the vein wall with valve-orientated staging of varicosis, in order to determine indicators of the primary cause of varicosis. Materials and methods: Three hundred seventy-two tissue specimens of greater saphenous veins were obtained from 17 patients with varicosities and categorised according to Hach stage and procurement site. The specimens were compared with 36 specimens collected from six patients without varicosities, incubated with fluorescence-stained antibodies for collagen 4, laminin, fibronectin and tenascin prior to being assessed with confocal laser scan microscopy. In addition, 22 vein specimens (16 varicose, 6 normal veins) serving as negative controls were investigated. Results: Image analysis and statistical evaluation showed that compared with normal veins, varicose veins are associated with a significant increase in matrix protein expression for collagen 4, laminin and tenascin. A trend towards an increase in matrix expression was further observed for fibronectin. There was, however, no difference between varicose veins and clinically healthy vein segments inferior to a varicose segment. Conclusion: If the findings of the present investigation can be confirmed by other studies, alterations in the vein wall may be regarded as the primary cause of varicosis and valvular insufficiency as the result of these changes.
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Lawson, James A., and Irwin M. Toonder. "A review of a new Dutch guideline for management of recurrent varicose veins." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 31, no. 1_suppl (February 25, 2016): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268355516631683.

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In 2013, the new Dutch guideline for “Venous Pathology” was published. The guideline was a revision and update from the guideline “Diagnostics and Treatment of Varicose Veins” from 2009 and the guideline “Venous Ulcer” from 2005. A guideline for “Deep Venous Pathology” and one for “Compression Therapy” was added to the overall guideline “Venous Pathology.” The chapter about treatment of recurrent varicose veins after initial intervention was recently updated in 2015 and is reviewed here. The Dutch term “recidief varices” or the French “récidive de varices” should be used analogous to the English term “recurrent varicose veins.” The DCOP Guideline Development Group Neovarices concluded that “recidief” in Dutch actually suggests recurrence after apparent successful treatment and ignores the natural progression of venous disease in its own right. So the group opted to use the term “neovarices.” In the Dutch guideline, neovarices is meant to be an all embracing term for recurrent varicose veins caused by technical or tactical failure, evolvement from residual refluxing veins or natural progression of varicose vein disease at different locations of the treated leg after intervention. This report reviews the most important issues in the treatment of varicose vein recurrence, and discusses conclusions and recommendations of the Dutch Neovarices Guideline Committee.
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Yasim, Alptekin, Erdinc Eroglu, Orhan Bozoglan, Bulent Mese, Mehmet Acipayam, and Hakan Kara. "A new non-tumescent endovenous ablation method for varicose vein treatment: Early results of N-butyl cyanoacrylate (VariClose®)." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 32, no. 3 (July 9, 2016): 194–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268355516638577.

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Objective This report aims to present the early results of a retrospective study of the use of N-butyl cyanoacrylate (VariClose®)-based non-tumescent endovenous ablation for the treatment of patients with varicose veins. Method One hundred and eighty patients with varicose veins due to incompetent saphenous veins were treated with the VariClose® endovenous ablation method between May 2014 and November 2014. The patient sample consisted of 86 men and 94 women, with a mean age of 47.7 ± 11.7 years. The patients had a great saphenous vein diameter greater than 5.5 mm and a small saphenous vein diameter greater than 4 mm in conjunction with reflux for more than 0.5 s. Patients with varicose veins were evaluated with venous duplex examination, Clinical, Etiological, Anatomical and Pathophysiological classification (CEAP), and their Venous Clinical Severity Scores were recorded. Results The median CEAP score of patients was three, and the saphenous vein diameters were between 5.5 and 14 mm (mean of 7.7 ± 2.1 mm). A percutaneous entry was made under local anesthesia to the great saphenous vein in 169 patients and to the small saphenous vein in 11 patients. Duplex examination immediately after the procedure showed closure of the treated vein in 100% of the treated segment. No complications were observed. The mean follow-up time was 5.5 months (ranging from three to seven months). Recanalization was not observed in any of the patients during follow-up. The average Venous Clinical Severity Scores was 10.2 before the procedure and decreased to 3.9 after three months (p < 0.001). Conclusion The application of N-butyl cyanoacrylate (VariClose®) is an effective method for treating varicose veins; it yielded a high endovenous closure rate, with no need for tumescent anesthesia. However, long-term results are currently unknown.
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Rabe, E., and F. Pannier. "Embolization is not essential in the treatment of leg varices due to pelvic venous insufficiency." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 30, no. 1_suppl (February 28, 2015): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268355515569412.

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Aim To consider if it is essential to perform embolization in the treatment of leg varices due to pelvic venous insufficiency. Methods Review of the current literature concerning treatment options of leg varicose veins of pelvic origin. Results Pelvic venous insufficiency, vulvar and pudendal varicose veins as well as pelvic congestive syndrome are under diagnosed entities. Embolization of ovarian and pelvic veins is well established in patients with pelvic congestive syndrome. In varicose veins of pelvic origin but without pelvic congestive syndrome, comparative studies comparing the outcome of embolization or treatment of varicose veins by sclerotherapy or phlebectomy alone are missing. Foam sclerotherapy or phlebectomy shows good results in patients with varicose veins of pelvic origin. Conclusions Embolization is not essential in the treatment of leg varices of pelvic origin without pelvic congestive syndrome. Foam sclerotherapy or phlebectomy shows good results in patients with vulvar or pudendal varicose veins. Randomized comparative studies using embolization of incompetent pelvic veins or sclerotherapy of varicose veins with pelvic origin should be performed.
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Zulfiquar, Muhammad Kamil, Muhammad Awais, Sundas Javeed Javeed, Saulat Naeem, Ayesha Waheed, Rizwan Khan, and Rooh-Ul Ain. "To Assess Short Term Outcomes of Ambulatory Selective Varices Ablation Under Local Anesthesia in Primary Varicose Veins." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 4 (April 29, 2022): 139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22164139.

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Background: Varicose veins are superficial veins that have become enlarged and twisted. A vein that is confined within fascial planes or is buried beneath subcutaneous tissue can carry massive amounts of high-pressure reflux without being visible at all. Aim: To assess the short-term outcomes of Ambulatory Selective Varices Ablation under Local anesthesia in primary varicose veins disease Methods: this is a descriptive case series conducted at department of surgery, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, from December 2018 to June 2019. After fulfill the inclusion criteria, 181 patients were enrolled. Preoperatively, all varicose veins marked but the patient is in standing position as it’s difficult or impossible to identify during recumbent position. A micro incision or puncture is made near the vein after the anesthetic has been administered into the peri-venous tissues. After removing a segment, the surgeon moved along the vein for roughly the similar distance, makes a second incision, then the procedure is repeated until all sections of the varix have been removed, reducing the risk of an inflammatory response from the residual segment thrombosis. Results: In this study the mean age of the patients was 35.03±5.25 years. C2 CEAP classification was noted in 52(28.7%) patients, c3 CEAP classification found in 101(55.8%) patients. The reflux found in 54(29.8%) patients and recurrence noted in 33(18.23%) patients. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study that Ambulatory Selective Varices Ablation under Local anesthesia is a feasible and reliable technique with lower rate of recurrence in patients presented with in primary varicose veins disease. Keywords: Varicose vein, varices, local anaesthesia
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Myers, K. A., G. H. Zeng, R. W. Ziegenbein, and P. G. Matthews. "Duplex Ultrasound Scanning for Chronic Venous Disease: Recurrent Varicose Veins in the Thigh after Surgery to the Long Saphenous Vein." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 11, no. 3 (September 1996): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026835559601100312.

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Objective: To use duplex ultrasound scanning to compare limbs with recurrent and primary varicose veins and to identify connections between deep veins and recurrences. Setting: A non-invasive vascular laboratory in Melbourne, Australia. Patients: A study of 779 limbs with recurrent varicose veins previously treated by ligation or stripping of the long saphenous vein and 1521 limbs with primary varicose veins. Main outcome measures: Connections between deep veins and recurrent varices, reflux in superficial and deep veins, and outward flow in perforators as demonstrated by duplex ultrasonography. Results: Recurrence was due to reflux in the long saphenous territory in 71.8%, short saphenous reflux alone in 14.7% or outward flow in calf perforators without saphenous reflux in 5.2%, while no source was detected in 8.3%. Limbs with recurrent veins in the long saphenous territory were compared with limbs with primary varicose veins; there was more frequent outward flow in thigh perforators (25.2% vs. 16.2%) but no difference for deep reflux (20.7% vs. 17.5%) or outward flow in calf perforators (56.8% vs. 53.1%). The source for recurrence in the long saphenous territory was from a single large connection in the groin in 46.3%, multiple smaller proximal connections in a further 46.3%, or thigh perforators in 7.4%. The destination was to an intact long saphenous vein in 33.7%, major tributaries in 28.7% or to other varices in 37.6%. Limbs known to have been treated by long saphenous ligation alone were compared with those known to be treated by long saphenous ligation and stripping; the source was more likely to be from a single large vein in the groin (60.3% vs. 39.9%) and the destination was more likely to be an intact long saphenous vein or major tributary (75.0% vs. 55.2%). Conclusions: Duplex ultrasound scanning detected the source of recurrent varicose veins in over 90% of patients and demonstrated whether there were single large or multiple smaller connections in the veins affected, and this helps to select the most appropriate treatment. Recurrence after stripping the long saphenous vein was more likely to be due to multiple small connections passing to scattered varices and this may allow more simple treatment by injection sclerotherapy rather than repeat surgery.
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Kazi, Wasim, Jigna Patel, Varsha Sharma, and Sonal Panchal. "Role of Jalokaavacharana in the Management of Varicose Veins (Sirajgranthi)- A Case Study." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development 11, no. 4 (August 13, 2023): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajprd.v11i4.1305.

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When a vein becomes dilated, elongated and tortuous, the veins is said varicose. The common sight of varicosity are superficial venous system of lower limb effecting either long or short saphenous veins, oesophageal varices, varicosity of haemorrhoidal veins, varicosity of spermatic veins. Generally varicose veins are compared with sirajgranthi according to Ayurveda. Acharya Sushruta had described various types of granthi and its various treatment modalities among them jalaukaavacharana is one of them. Sushruta had given special chapter related to jalauka in which he had described the types, nomenclature, specific qualities of each types of jalauka, their method to apply and detach and how to do vamana of jalauka. Acharya charak also described jalauka as best amongst all anushashtras. Jalaukapossesessheet guna in nature and on the basis of sign and symptoms varicose veins can be correlated with sirajgranthi. In this case study a 36- year old woman of bilateral varicose veins was treated successfully and found symptomatic relief.
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Travers, J. P., C. M. Dalton, D. M. Baker, and G. S. Makin. "Biochemical and Histological Analysis of Collagen and Elastin Content and Smooth Muscle Density in Normal and Varicose Veins." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 7, no. 3 (September 1992): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026835559200700303.

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Objective: Determination of the ratio of collagen and elastin to protein content of varicose/non-varicose veins from calf and determination of collagen, elastin and smooth muscle density of varicose/non-varicose vein walls. Design: Prospective study; control vein samples obtained from amputees for ischaemic vascular disease and varicose vein samples obtained from an equivalent Position following surgical stripping. Setting: Departments of Human Morphology and Vascular Surgery, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, UK. Patients: Seven patients with no evidence of venous disease treated by amputation of the lower limb for vascular disease and 12 patients treated for varicose veins by ligation and stripping of the long saphenous vein. Interventions: Vein sections were examined biochemically and histologically using stereological techniques. Main outcome measures: Biochemical quanitfication of collagen, elastin and protein and stereological analysis of collagen, elastin and smooth muscle density of varicose and non-varicose veins. Results: There was no difference between the collagen/Protein or elastin/protein ratio in varicose and normal veins but there was a significant increase in muscle density with corresponding decrease in collagen and elastin density in the walls of varicose veins compared with non-varicose vein controls. Conclusions: There were no differences in the collagen or elastin content of varicose veins when compared with non-varicose veins. Smooth muscle hypertrophy occurs in varicose veins, which appears to disrupt the collagen/elastin lattice of the vein wall.
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Smith, P. Coleridge. "Debate: Should persistent incompetent truncal veins be treated immediately? The case in support of the statement." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 30, no. 1_suppl (February 28, 2015): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268355515569432.

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Background Debate continues as to the best method of treating patients with varicose veins and which will lead to durable clinical outcomes. Many modern techniques of treating varicose veins rely on ablation of the saphenous vein alone or in combination with phlebectomy or sclerotherapy of varices. However, it has been suggested that methods which leave the saphenous trunk untreated may result in similar outcomes. Methods A search of medical databases was made for literature which compared the outcomes of saphenous vein stripping, sclerotherapy and modern methods of vein ablation. Synthesis Surgical methods which have been used range from simple phlebectomy, ligation of the saphenous trunk to stripping of the saphenous vein. Systematic comparison of striping of the saphenous vein in addition to ligation of the sapheno-femoral junction appears to improve the outcome of varicose veins surgery compared to saphenous ligation alone. The 21st century endovenous treatments for varicose veins all rely on ablating the saphenous trunk. Duplex ultrasound studies show some variation in the efficacy of saphenous ablation with these methods. However, a randomised clinical trial shows similar patient reported outcomes with all endovenous techniques and surgical stripping of the saphenous vein. A clinical series shows that after endovenous thermal ablation recurrent varices arise in residual sections of saphenous trunk, accessory veins and residual tributaries. Conclusions Studies based on clinical criteria require follow-up of about six years to yield reliable data. Before this time varices may be forming but cannot be detected clinically and over-optimistic results of treatment are reported. Data from surgical and endovenous treatment studies suggest that the more extensive and effective the ablation of saphenous trunks, accessory veins and tributaries, the better the long-term outcome that is achieved.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Varicose veins"

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Kurz, Xavier. "Varicose veins : epidemiology and outcomes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0034/NQ64594.pdf.

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Blomgren, Lena. "Varicose Veins : Aspects on Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Surgical Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5855.

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Treatment for varicose veins (VV) is insufficiently evidence based and recurrence rates are high. The aim of this thesis was to study the long-term results after VV surgery, risk factors for recurrences and the effect of preoperative duplex scanning on recurrence rate, quality of life (QoL) and costs.

In a follow-up study 89 patients with 100 legs operated on for VV 6–10 years earlier were re-examined with duplex, in 13 cases also with varicography. 57% had incompetent vessels in the groin visible with duplex, equally well defined by varicography. Residual branches could not be differentiated from new vessel formation. The recurrence rate did not correlate to the surgeon’s level of experience or perioperative difficulties at primary surgery.

In a prospective randomized study 293 patients (343 legs) were operated on for primary VV with or without preoperative duplex. Duplex was done postoperatively, at 2 months and 2 years. QoL was measured with SF-36 preoperatively, at 1 month, 1 year and 2 years.

After 2 years the number of reoperations were 2 in the group with preoperative duplex and 14 in the group without (p=0.002). Incompetent veins were seen in the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction in 19 and 53 legs respectively (p<0.001).

Preoperative QoL was worse in the VV patients compared to a reference population, and was normalised 2 years postoperatively. The improved surgical result in the duplex group was not reflected in a significantly higher QoL.

The lower costs for redo surgery in the duplex group did not offset the costs for duplex, partly due to more extensive primary surgery.

A significant proportion of recurrences after 2 years was new vessel formation and progression of disease. Preoperative perforating vein incompetence did not influence recurrence rate, and was abolished without specific interruption in 60% at 2 years postoperatively.

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Banerjee, Bibek. "Endothelial cell and leucocyte activity in varicose veins." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270767.

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Winterborn, Rebecca Jane. "The prevention of recurrence following surgery for varicose veins." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492626.

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The development of recurrent varicose veins following primary varicose vein surgery is a significant problem, not only for patients but also for the National Health Service. Varicose vein surgery is one of the commonest elective general surgical operations done in the United Kingdom with over 34,000 operations performed per year. Approximately 20 per cent of procedures are done for recurrent varicose veins. Published recurrence rates range from seven to 70 per cent. Despite these findings, little research has been done into methods of preventing recurrence.
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McAree, Barry Jonathan. "Optimisation of minimally invasive therapy for primary varicose veins." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11245/.

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Introduction: Primary varicose veins are common with a multitude of non-optimal treatments. Foam sclerotherapy has seen renewed interest but lacks efficacy versus more expensive modalities. The hypothesis of this thesis is that increasing the half-life of foams will improve efficacy as will mechanical adjuncts. Methods: The most efficacious proprietary sclerosants are examined in terms of their foam half-life and histopathological effects in-vitro. The best proprietary foam has its half-life increased and histopathological effects of the three most promising resultant foams similarly assessed. Arterial cutting balloons are assessed as an adjunct for foam sclerotherapy in the same in-vitro human GSV model. The best foams are tested against each other and with cutting balloon adjuncts in an animal vein model with results established after three months. Results: half-life of 3% polidocanol foam is longer than 3% STD. 3% STD damages the vein wall more than polidocanol. Longer lasting STD foams do not enhance its activity against vein wall in-vitro. Cutting balloons increase depth of penetration of foam into vein wall by affording it a deeper starting point in-vitro. Cutting balloons damage the structure of the vein wall leaving them varicose in-vivo. This is likely due to available cutting balloons being too large for tested pig veins. Longer lasting 0.15% xanthum and 3% STD foam outperformed proprietary 3% STD in causing vein occlusion in a pig model. Conclusions: The active ingredient in sclerosant foams determine its efficacy in-vitro more so than the longevity of the foam however longer lasting 3% STD foam shows improved efficacy in-vivo in pigs as opposed to in an in-vitro human GSV model. Cutting balloons though promising in-vitro as adjuncts to foam sclerotherapy are likely best used as a guide to a more optimal mechanical adjunct.
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Lim, Chung Sim. "The hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway in varicose veins." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/6999.

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Primary varicose vein wall weakness and dilatation are thought to be caused by various biochemical and structural changes. Hypoxia and mechanical stress have been postulated to contribute to primary varicose vein wall changes. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) are nuclear transcriptional factors that regulate the transcription of genes of oxygen homoeostasis. The HIF pathway is regulated by factors including oxygen tension and mechanical stress. The study aimed to assess the expression of HIF and its target genes in varicose and non-varicose veins, and examine their regulation by hypoxia, mechanical stress and pharmacological agents. Structural variations between varicose and non-varicose veins were demonstrated using histological analysis with special stains. Increased mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1α, HIF-2α and their target genes was found in varicose compared to non-varicose veins. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that HIF-1α was only expressed in some endothelial cells, whereas HIF-2α was more widely expressed in endothelial and smooth muscle cells of varicose and non-varicose veins. Furthermore, a vein organ culture model was prepared and validated. Exposure of varicose and non-varicose vein organ cultures to 16 hours of 1% oxygen or the hypoxia mimetic dimethyloxallyl glycine up-regulated the expression of HIF-1α, HIF-2α proteins, and their target genes. Micronised purified flavonoid fraction at a concentration corresponding to therapeutic dose appeared to reduce the increases in expression of HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and their target genes in varicose vein organ cultures exposed to hypoxia, although the reduction was not statistically significant. Meanwhile, doxycycline at a concentration corresponding to therapeutic dose did not alter the expression of HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and their target genes in varicose and non-varicose vein organ cultures exposed to hypoxia. In rat inferior vena cava model, prolonged increases in vein wall tension were associated with over expression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α. The up-regulation of HIF-1α and HIF-2α secondary to prolonged increases in vein wall tension was associated with elevated MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and changes in venous tone. In conclusion, HIF-α and target genes expression is increased in varicose compared to non-varicose veins. The expression of HIF-α and target genes in venous tissues appeared to be regulated by hypoxia and mechanical stress. The data suggest that the HIF pathway may be an important regulator of various biochemical and structural changes in varicose vein wall.
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Guy, Adam John. "Two applications of microwave therapy : psoriasis and varicose veins." Thesis, University of Bath, 2004. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413065.

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An introduction to the use of microwaves for medical applications is given, with a comparison between different modalities for heating tissue, such as radio-frequency and laser based techniques. The background to the design and construction of applicators using finite element packages is also explained and this knowledge is demonstrated in the design, construction and testing of novel systems to treat psoriasis and varicose veins. The psoriasis treatment system is hyperthermia based, whilst the varicose veins treatment employs ablation, thus giving an insight into two different means of inducing a therapeutic effect using heat. Thermal analysis of the heat induced by the applicators is demonstrated by numerical solution of the diffusion equation by finite difference approximations and Green's function analysis, with the results being validated against bench models. The results of testing of the psoriasis system on three patients are given, including the first quantitative assessment of the relationship between skin temperature and blood perfusion levels for both psoriatic and healthy skin at hyperthermic temperatures. The varicose veins treatment is minimally invasive, and is the first microwave based treatment for varicose veins.
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Brar, Ranjeet. "The endovascular treatment of varicose veins : a prospective double-blind randomized controlled trial of radiofrequency versus laser ablation of great saphenous varicose veins." Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.676893.

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Chronic superficial venous insufficiency (CSVI) of the lower limb - commonly termed varicose veins (VV) - is a common and potentially debilitating condition, affecting between one third and two fifths of men and women in Britain. Traditional open dperative techniques are effective and have remained the definitive treatment modality, but modern endovascular techniques, introduced over the last decade, are increasingly perceived to confer the benefits of decreased operative time, invasiveness, patient discomfort and recovery time, making them attractive to clinicians and patients alike. Attempts to gauge the available evidence to support this incipient change in practice prompted us to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis of all studies reported in the literature that provide objective data regarding the efficacy of open surgery and the principal endovascular techniques - radiofrequency ablation (RP A) and endovenous laser therapy (EVL T). Most published data relate to chronic venous insufficiency caused by primary great saphenous vein reflux, which is commonly encountered, and therefore an appropriate model from which to draw conclusions on treatment efficacy. The results of this study show that endovascular techniques have already achieved outcomes at least equivalent to open surgery. This has principally been quantified by duplex ultrasound measured occlusion of the primary refluxing vems. Published data, when pooled, also suggest lower complication rates with endovascular varicose vein ablation. The relative efficacy and merits of RP A and EVL T were not addressed in the literature at the commencement of our enquiry. Most published studies compare one or other of these endovenous ablation technologies with open surgery. This dearth of clinical data prompted me to set up a prospective double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT), to investigate the null hypothesis, that "there is no difference in the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation and endovenous laser therapy for the treatment of primary great saphenous territory varicose veins ". The results of the endovascular varicose vein EVLT or RFA treatment trial (EVVERT study, ISRCTN 63135694) comprise the main body of results within this thesis. Our study confirmed that both EVL T and VNUS ClosureF AST (the latest, most efficacious, and now widespread method of RF A) are highly effective, achieving 100% occlusion as measured by duplex ultrasound one-week post-operatively. Significantly less post-operative pain and bruising was experienced among patients ;1 undergoing RFA, however (P = 0.001). At three months the occlusion rates were 97% for RF A and 96% for EVLT respectively (P = 0.67). Quality of life in both groups demonstrated a similar (P = 0.12) improvement at 3 months follow-up, with mean (± SD) reduction in A VVSS scores in the EVLT group of 1 1.2 (±8.9), while for the RP A treated patients symptom score improvement was 10.3 (±6.8), confirming the overall benefit of both procedures. Given published long term (ten year) VV recurrence rates of 60 percent following open surgery, further long term follow up data would ideally be gathered from the participants of the trial, although we note the difficulties in collecting such data from a young and mobile patient population.
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Mekako, Anthony. "Optimising outcomes in the treatment of lower limb varicose veins." Thesis, University of Hull, 2012. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:6871.

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Varicose veins are dilated and tortuous subcutaneous veins, which affect a significant proportion of adults. They cause physical and emotional symptoms, and affect quality of life in sufferers. The management of varicose veins has evolved since the early 20th century, when Babcock described what has now become the gold standard surgical treatment. Perhaps the most significant evolution is the development and popularisation of minimally invasive therapy, especially endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) in the last two decades. This thesis focuses on the optimisation of outcomes in the management of this very common condition. Four studies were performed to evaluate varicose vein treatment modalities and outcomes, investigating key issues such as: the proportion of patients suitable for EVLA; optimisation of EVLA; how does EVLA compare with surgery, and what is the effect of prophylactic antibiotics on wound complications following surgery? Approximately 60% of varicosities are suitable for EVLA, with vein anatomy being the commonest cause for unsuitability. The concomitant performance of phlebectomies at the time of EVLA was shown to be feasible, acceptable to patients, and improved outcomes. EVLA was shown to be clinically effective, and eliminated the early quality of life limitations of surgery. Wound complications following surgery were found to be significantly reduced by the use of prophylactic antibiotics.
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Anwar, Muzaffar. "Characterisation of biological factors in the pathogenesis of varicose veins." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/24693.

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Varicose veins affect one third of adults. Complications of varicose veins can have detrimental effects on the patient's quality of life. Morphological changes including intimal hyperplasia, smooth muscle cells hypertrophy or atrophy and irregularities of extracellular matrix contents have demarcated varicose from non-varicose veins. Some of the biological mechanisms behind these changes have been illustrated by the studies investigating the individual expressions of proteins (proteomic) and genes (transcriptomics). The evidence from these studies also suggests the role of abnormal cell metabolism in the development of varicose veins. However, both transcriptomic and proteomic approaches are not able to fully explain the irregularities of cell metabolism. Metabolic profiling of tissue and biological fluids using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS) has the ability to elucidate irregular cell metabolic pathways and functions of genes and enzymes in disease pathogenesis. Metabolic profiling approaches are also used to identify toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of drugs. Aims To identify the metabolic profile of varicose veins as compared to non-varicose veins with an aim to promote our understanding of the disease pathogenesis. Methods Ethical approval was obtained from the local ethics committee. Firstly, a preliminary study was performed. Varicose veins (n=8) were removed from patients following varicose vein surgery. Non-varicose veins were removed from patients following operations where there was a removal of vein involved as a part of the procedure. Non-varicose veins tissue retrieved included great saphenous vein (n=8) from bypass or amputation. Facial veins (n=5) during the carotid endarterectomy were also removed. Metabolic profile of the intact varicose and non-varicose veins tissues were measured using 1D magic angle spinning (MAS) 1H NMR (600). In order to develop the most optimal organic and aqueous extraction method for vein tissues, 11 grams of varicose vein tissues retrieved from different patients was mixed using mortar and pestle and cryogenic impact mill in liquid nitrogen producing a homogenous tissue mixture. In total, 70 samples were prepared from this homogenate each having a weight of 145+/- 5 mg. For extraction of aqueous metabolites, 20 samples were treated with two different solvents concentrations: 10 samples with Water: Methanol (1:1), and 10 samples with Water: Methanol (3:1). For optimisation of organic metabolites, remaining 50 samples were extracted using 5 different organic solvents including dichloromethane, chloroform, isopropanol, hexane and ether. Each group had 10 samples or replicates. All aqueous and organic extracts were run on 1H NMR (600 MHz). Organic extracts were analyzed on ultra performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Ex-vivo rat inferior vena cava stretch experiment was performed in vascular research laboratory, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, US. Inferior vena cava of the male Sprague dowley rat (n=5) was divided into 4 segments. Two out of these 4 segments were kept at a basal tension of 0.5 gram for 4 and 18 hours and the remaining two were stretched with 2 grams weight for 4 and 18 hours in an organ culture bath. Aqueous extracts from rat IVC segments were analysed using H1 NMR (800 MHz). Organic extracts were analyzed on ultra performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Lastly, comprehensive profiling of human varicose veins (n=80) and non-varicose veins (n=35) tissue extracts was performed. The most optimal extraction method employed to extracts metabolites from human veins tissue was developed as mentioned earlier and the same extraction protocol was used to extracts metabolites from human veins tissues. Aqueous extracts were run on 1H NMR (600 MHz). Organic extracts were analyzed on ultra performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Spectra obtained from NMR for all experiments were mathematically modeled and statistically analyzed using chemomeric software including MATLAB and SIMCA. Metabolites were assigned using human metabolome databases and previous published reports. Metabolite identification was confirmed using 2D NMR. UPLC-MS based profiling data was analysed using MassLynx version 4.1 and SIMCA. UPLC-MS based metabolites were assigned using MS/MS experiment and with support databases including lipodomics and human metabolome database (HMDB). Pathway analysis was performed using ingenuity database and published reports. Multiple testing corrections using Benjamini Yakatieli method was performed to exclude false discovery rate in the data. Pathways analysis was performed using ingenuity and KEGG pathways databases. Results Magic angle spinning NMR analysis of intact vein tissues showed the presence of lipid metabolites at a higher concentration in the non-varicose vein group whilst creatine, lactate, myo-inositol, and glutamate metabolites were more characteristic of the varicose vein group. The orthogonal partial least square (OPLS) coefficient plot revealed that the differential abundance of creatine, myo-inositol and lactate was highly correlated to varicose vein group. Metabolic profiles of facial veins were also different from varicose veins. Abundance of lipids was also noticed in facial veins. The most optimal method for human veins tissue extraction was found to be the consecutive approach of metabolites extraction via first extraction of organic metabolites with MTBE: methanol (3:1) followed by methanol: water (1:1) in terms of reproducibility and sensitivity. Metabolic differences in rat IVC segments were observed between rat IVC segments stretch for 18 hrs as compared to non-stretched for 18 hrs. Metabolites including choline, valine and triglycerides were found in high concentrations in stretched for 18 hrs group as compared to non-stretched for 18 hrs. Comprehensive metabolic profiling of veins tissue extracts using two metabolomics analytical platforms (NMR and UPLC-MS) was determined. Both organic and aqueous metabolites were extracted from vein tissues using the most optimal extraction method developed above. Multivariate analysis of the NMR data from 80 varicose veins and 35 non-varicose veins showed glutamate, taurine and myo-inositol metabolites in higher concentration in varicose veins wall as compared to non-varicose veins wall. Multivariate analysis of the lipid metabolites revealed significantly increased concentrations of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM) in varicose veins as compared to non-varicose veins. Pathway analysis based on online databases and published reports showed association of myo-inositol with intracellular pathways linked to cellular proliferation and PC and SM with induction of inflammatory response. Conclusions and Future Work This novel work demonstrates a comprehensive metabolic profile of human varicose veins with metabolites including PC, SM, myo-inositol, glutamate and taurine differentially associated with varicose veins. This work unravels new cellular pathways which should be the focus of future research and may enable us to understand disease pathogenesis in more details and identify therapeutic targets. Moreover, this work first time provides a comprehensive extraction methodology for human vein tissue metabolites extractions comprising of MTBE: methanol (3:1) followed by water: methanol (1:1). This work also showed that prolonged stretch of 18 hrs duration changes metabolic profile of rat IVC segments.
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Books on the topic "Varicose veins"

1

Smith, Jane. Varicose veins. Bristol: Claremont Press, 1993.

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Tibbs, David J. Varicose veins and related disorders. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1995.

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Tibbs, David J. Varicose veins and related disorders. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1992.

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Heinz, James A. Varicose veins---a patient's reference. Montgomery, Ala: E-BookTime, LLC., 2010.

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Corabian, Paula. Sclerotherapy for leg varicose veins. Edmonton: Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research, 2004.

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Shami, Shukri K., and Timothy R. Cheatle, eds. Fegan’s Compression Sclerotherapy for Varicose Veins. London: Springer London, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3473-2.

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Noppeney, Thomas. Diagnostik und Therapie der Varikose. Heidelberg: Springer Medizin, 2010.

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1927-, Bergan John J., and Goldman Mitchel P, eds. Varicose veins and telangiectasias: Diagnosis and treatment. St. Louis, Mo: Quality Medical Pub., 1993.

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Murad, Alam, Nguyen Tri H, and Dover Jeffrey S, eds. Treatment of leg veins. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2006.

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Paolo, Zamboni, and Franceschi Claude, eds. Principles of venous hemodynamics. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Varicose veins"

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Khetarpal, Akhil, and Malcolm K. Sydnor. "Varicose Veins." In IR Playbook, 177–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71300-7_15.

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Debus, E. Sebastian, and Reinhart T. Grundmann. "Varicose Veins." In Evidence-based Therapy in Vascular Surgery, 255–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47148-8_14.

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Almeida, Jose I., and Jeffrey K. Raines. "Varicose Veins." In Haimovici's Vascular Surgery, 1121–30. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118481370.ch87.

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Shami, Shukri K., and Delilah A. Hassanally. "Varicose Veins." In Manual of Ambulatory General Surgery, 51–67. London: Springer London, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0723-1_6.

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Heller, Jennifer A. "Varicose Veins." In Essentials of Vascular Surgery for the General Surgeon, 167–81. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1326-8_12.

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West, David. "Varicose Veins." In Transcatheter Embolization and Therapy, 445–57. London: Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-897-7_45.

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Mandavia, Rishi, Muzaffar A. Anwar, and Alun H. Davies. "Varicose Veins." In Metabolism of Human Diseases, 273–77. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0715-7_40.

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Fry, John. "Varicose Veins." In Common Diseases, 181–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4924-9_20.

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Balemans, Wendy, Wim Van Hul, Marian Valko, Jan Moncol, Lee A. Denson, Maria Mela, Ulrich Thalheimer, et al. "Varicose Veins." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 2170–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_1820.

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Bailey, Christopher W., Akhil Khetarpal, and Malcolm K. Sydnor. "Varicose Veins." In IR Playbook, 213–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-52546-9_16.

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Conference papers on the topic "Varicose veins"

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Krishna, Nanditha, Surabhi A. S, Saritha Pal, Aishwarya Prabhu, and Sahana P. "VARICOEASE – A Soothebelt for Varicose veins." In 2023 14th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccnt56998.2023.10307650.

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Biagi, G., S. Coccheri, A. Lapilli, F. Grauso, M. Bizarri, R. Zendron, and L. Piccinni. "PROSTACYCLIN AND THROMBOXANE PRODUCTION IN HUMAN VARICOSE SAPHENOUS VEINS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643374.

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Inpaired vascular synthesis of prostacyclin (PGI2) has been described in pro-thrombotic states,including recurrent venous thrombosis. As varicosis predisposes to local thrombogenesis, we measured in this study the generation of PGI2 and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) in segnents of human varicose veins. Samples of saphena magna were obtained after surgical stripping performed for varicosis in 20 patients (pts), or on preparation for coronary by-pass in 7 non-varicose subjects (controls). Segments (length - 2 cm, weight 200 mg) were dissected from macroscopically varicose areas in the pts and from correspondjmg zones in the controls. Varicose changes were confirmed by microscopic and histochemical studies. Vascular PGI2 production was measured both by bioassay (supernatant of 40 mg fresh tissue per ml TRIS buffer) on ADP platelet aggregation (PA), and by RIA assay of 6keto-PGFlalpha; TXA2 by RIA as TXB2. Bioassay showed that PGI2-like material production by varicose segments was lower than by control veins (% PA inhibition: 77+/19 vs 11+/6; p<0.001). This pattern was confirmed by the 6Keto-PGFlalpha levels (399+/38 vs 1477+/21 pg/mg tissue; p<0.001). TXB2 production was higher in varicose than in control segnents (36+/13 vs 2+/0.9 pg/mg; p<0.001). Incubation of varicose segnents with arachidonic acid 1μM enhanced generation of both 6Keto-PGFlalpha (p<0.05) and TXB2 levels (p<0.01).These data suggest that varicosis is associated with endothelial metabolic alterations relevant for thrombogenesis. Thrombosis in these veins seems therefore related, besides hemodynamic factors, to the loss of protective properties of the endothelium.
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Beckett, David, Alaa Ismail, Emma Dabbs, Judy Holdstock, Scott Dos Santos, and Mark Whitele. "Pelvic Venous Reflux in Males with Varicose Veins and Recurrent Varicose Veins." In PAIRS Annual Meeting. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1730636.

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Noordmans, Herke Jan, Raymond de Zeeuw, Ruud M. Verdaasdonk, and Cees H. A. Wittens. "Infrared imaging of varicose veins." In Biomedical Optics 2004, edited by Gerard L. Cote and Alexander V. Priezzhev. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.532158.

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Martinez, Ricky, Cesar A. Fierro, and Hai-Chao Han. "Critical Buckling Pressure of Veins." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192456.

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Vein tortuosity is often seen as a consequence of venous hypertension and chronic venous disease. However, the underlying mechanism of vein tortuosity is unclear. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that hypertensive pressure causes vein buckling that leads to tortuous veins. We determined the buckling pressure of porcine jugular veins and tested the mechanical properties of these veins. Our results demonstrated that veins buckle when the transmural pressure exceeds a critical pressure that is not much higher than normal venous pressure. The critical pressure was found to be strongly related to the axial strain in the veins. Our results are useful in understanding the development of varicose veins.
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Borde, A. S., and G. V. Savrasov. "Mathematical modeling of varicose veins ultrasound heating." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Antennas, Communications and Electronic Systems (COMCAS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comcas44984.2019.8958371.

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K, Rithika, S. Saranya, Chandramouli K, and Arun Prasath M. "Pressure optimization system for Varicose Veins management." In 2023 IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tensymp55890.2023.10223642.

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Capel, P., M. Vichhi, A. Janssens, I. Mandelbaum, J. P. Barroy, and P. Fondu. "COMPOSITION AND ANTICOAGULANT PROPERTIES OF GLYCOSAMI-NOGLYCANS EXTRACTED FROM NORMAL AND VARICOSE VEINS AND FROM AORTIC WALLS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644326.

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We studied the concentrations of total and individual gluco-saminoglycans (GAG) extracted from different vessel walls, and their anticoagulant effects on APTT and thrombin time (TT of normal plasma. The vessels considered were varicose veins, veins presumably normal (autologus saphene crosses, various veins taken during autopsy), and aortas (autopsy).The results (mean, sd) are presented in the Table.No important differences were observed between normal veins from different localization, even in veins presenting higher risk of thrombosis like the veins of the lower limits.It is concluded that there is a marked difference in the composition and anticoagulant properties of aortic GAG as compared with venous GAG. Varicose veins showed higher GAG content and stronger anticoagulant properties as compared with normal veins. This latter observation may be a reflect of defense mechanism against thrombotic stress of the higher pressure present in these abnormal veins.
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Shumkov, O., M. Smagin, V. Nimaev, and A. Sadovskii. "Radiofrequency ablation of varicose veins in obese patients." In 2018 11th International Multiconference Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure\Systems Biology (BGRS\SB). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csgb.2018.8544809.

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Deng, Xiao-Rong. "Design of intelligent portable instrument for varicose veins." In The 3rd Annual International Conference on Design, Manufacturing and Mechatronics (ICDMM2016). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789813208322_0023.

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Reports on the topic "Varicose veins"

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Tan, Junjie, Yanhui Chen, Jianwen Huang, and Weiguo Xu. Endovenous Ablation for the treatment of Small Saphenous Varicose Veins: A Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0134.

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Review question / Objective: The aim is to summarize the results of existing studies on the endovenous ablation (EVA) for the treatment of small saphenous vein (SSV) varicose veins and to compare its role and efficacy. Condition being studied: 5% of varicose veins in the lower extremities are caused by the dysfunction of small saphenous veins (SSV). The endovenous ablation (EVA) for the treatment of SSV varices has become a trend. A study aiming to demonstrate the efficacy of a new technique in treating SSV insufficiency and varicosities is perparing to be conducted by the center where the authors of this review are affiliated with.
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Laser treatment is the preferred treatment for troublesome varicose veins. National Institute for Health Research, July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000101.

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Varicose vein injections help new venous leg ulcers heal. National Institute for Health Research, July 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000622.

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