Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Variétés des caractères'
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Leleu, Xavier. "Géométries de courbure constante des 3-variétés et variétés de caractères de représentations dans SL2(C)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX11052.
Full textAcosta, Miguel. "Chirurgies de Dehn sur des variétés CR-sphériques et variétés de caractères pour les formes réelles de SL(n,C)." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066368/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study the construction and deformation of spherical-CR structures on three dimensional manifolds. In order to do it, we give a detailed description of the complex hyperbolic plane, its group of isometries and some geometric objects attached to this space such as bisectors and extors. We show a surgery theorem which allows to construct spherical-CR on Dehn surgeries of a cusped spherical-CR manifold : this theorem can be applied for the Deraux-Falbel structure on the figure eight knot complement and for Schwartz's and Parker-Will structures on the Whitehead link complement. We also define the character varieties for a real form of SL(n,C) for finitely generated groups as some subsets of the SL(n,C)-character variety invariant under an anti-holomorphic involution. We study in detail the example of the group Z/3Z*Z/3Z. These character varieties give deformation spaces for the holonomy representations of spherical-CR structures. With these deformation spaces and tools related to the visual spheres of a point in CP^2, we construct an explicit deformation of the Ford domain constructed by Parker and Will, which gives a spherical-CR uniformisation of the Whitehead link complement. This deformation provides infinitely many spherical-CR uniformisations of a particular Dehn surgery of the manifold, and spherical-CR unifomisations for infinitely many Dehn surgeries of the Whitehead link complement
Métais, Isabelle. "Recherche de marqueurs moléculaires chez le haricot (phaseolus vulgaris l. ) En relation avec des caractères phénotypiques : application à la caractérisation variétale." Angers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ANGE0021.
Full textLoustau, Brice. "La géométrie symplectique de l'espace des structures projectives complexes sur une surface." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2071/.
Full textThis thesis investigates the complex symplectic geometry of the deformation space of complex projective structures on a surface. The author attempts to give a global and unifying picture of this symplectic geometry by exploring the connections between different possible approaches. The cotangent symplectic structure given by the Schwarzian parametrization is studied in detail and compared to the canonical symplectic structure on the character variety, clarifying and generalizing a theorem of S. Kawai. Generalizations of results of C. McMullen are derived, notably quasifuchsian reciprocity. The cotangent symplectic structure is also addressed through the notion of minimal surfaces in hyperbolic 3-manifolds. Finally, the symplectic geometry is described in a Hamiltonian setting with the complex Fenchel-Nielsen coordinates on the quasifuchsian space, recovering results of I. Platis
Schlich, Suzanne. "Primitive-stable and Bowditch actions on Gromov-hyperbolic spaces." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILB022.
Full textIn this thesis, we study some actions of the free group of rank two and of the fundamental group of the four-punctured sphere (which is isomorphic to the free group of rank three) on Gromov-hyperbolic spaces. The aim is to investigate two subsets of representations: Bowditch representations (introduced by Bowditch in 1998) and primitive-stable representations (introduced by Minsky in 2010). These two spaces, already studied in the case of representations in [dollar]PSL(2,C)[dollar], provide examples of open domains of discontinuity for the action of the mapping class group on the character variety. Recently, Lee and Xu on the one hand, and Series on the other, proved that these two classes of representations are equivalent in the case of the free group of rank two acting on PSL(2,C). In this thesis, we examine the more general setting where the action of the group is on Gromov-hyperbolic spaces. We show the equivalence between Bowditch representations and primitive-stable representations in this new context by an independent proof, and we establish it in the case of the free group of rank two and of the fundamental group of the four-punctured sphere. This leads us to carry out a combinatorial study of the primitive elements of the free group of rank two and of simple closed curves on the four-punctured sphere, and to show some redundancy properties of these elements. We use these combinatorial arguments combined with large-scale properties of hyperbolic spaces to show the equivalence. As a consequence, we obtain the openness of the set of Bowditch representations in this context
Guerin, Clément. "Singularités orbifoldes de la variété des caractères." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD016/document.
Full textLn this thesis, we want to understand some singularities in the character variety. ln a first chapter, we justify that the characters of irreducible representations from a Fuchsian group to a complex semi-simple Lie group is an orbifold. The orbifold locus is, then, the characters of bad representations. ln the second chapter, we focus on the case where the Lie group is the projectif linear group over a complex vector space whose dimension is a prime number. ln particular we give an explicit description of this locus. ln the third and fourth chapter, we describe the isotropy groups (i.e. the centralizers of bad subgroups) arising in the cases when the Lie group is a quotient of the special linear group of a complex vector space of finite dimension (third chapter) and when the Lie group is a quotient of a complex spin group in the fourth chapter
Saadi, Fayssal. "Dynamique sur les espaces de modules." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENSL0039.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in the dynamics of the mapping class subgroups on the U(2) character variety. More precisely, we deal with ergodicity questions of a subgroup G of the mapping class group Mod(g,n) of a compact surface S(g,n) of genus g and n boundary components. These questions were naturally raised after Goldman's proof of the ergodicity of mapping class groups on the SU(2)-character variety. The first general result in this direction is due to Funar and Marché by showing that the first Johnson subgroups act ergodically on the character variety, for any closed surfaces S(g). On the other hand, Brown showed the existence of an elliptic fixed point (or a double elliptic fixed point) for any subgroup generated by a pseudo-Anosov element on the punctured torus S(1,1). This led to the proof of the non-ergodicity of such subgroups by Forni, Goldman, Lawton, and Mateus by applying KAM theory. In the first part of the thesis, we study the natural dynamics of the moduli space of spherical triangles on the 2-sphere relating these dynamics to the dynamics of the mapping class group on the SU(2)-character variety of the punctured torus.The second part is devoted to the study of the existence of elliptic fixed points for pseudo-Anosov homeomorphisms on the character varieties of punctured surfaces S(g,n), where g is 0 or 1. By showing that near any relative character variety of the once punctured torus, for a set of positive measure and dense of levels k, there exists a family of pseudo-Anosov elements that do not act ergodically on that level, in the case of the punctured torus S(1,1). A similar result holds for a set of parameters B in the case of the four-punctured sphere S(0,4). Then these results can be combined to construct a family of pseudo-Anosov elements on the twice-punctured torus S(1,2) that admit an elliptic fixed point.We discuss then the action of a group G generated by Dehn-twist along a pair of filling multi-curves or along a family of filling curves on S(g). We show in this part that there exist two filling multi-curves on the surface of genus two S(2) whose associated Dehn twists generate a group G acting non-ergodically on representation variety by finding explicit invariant rational functions. Similarly, We found invariant rational functions of a subgroup G generated by Dehn-twists along a family of filling loops on the character variety of the non-orientable surface of genus 4
Bénard, Léo. "Reidemeister torsion on character varieties." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS020/document.
Full textIn this PhD dissertation, we study a topological invariant of 3-manifolds, namely the Reidemeister torsion, as globally defined on character varieties of the fundamental group in SL(2,C). The « adjoint » torsion will be the torsion of the cohomological complex associated to the adjoint representation. We explain that it can be seen as a meromorphic differential form on the character variety, and we aim to understand its poles and zeros. They will be related with -singular points of the character variety -the topology of incompressible surfaces embedded in the 3-manifold, provided by the Culler-Shalen theory. As an application, we prove a relation between the genus of those incompressible surface and the genus of the character variety. The « acyclic » torsion of the standard complex is a rational function on the character variety. We study its poles at infinity in the character variety, and we give sufficient conditions for this torsion to be non constant
Leforestier, Diane. "Localisation de régions du génome du pommier contrôlant la variation de caractères de qualité du fruit et de résistance aux maladies : signatures de sélection et génétique d'association." Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0051/document.
Full textSince apple domestication, humans have progressively selected improved varieties, especially for traits linked with fruit quality, productivity or resistance to pathogens. The genetic bases underlying these traits have been explored thanks to genetic mapping in F1 segregating populations that only allows the study of a small part of the available genetic diversity. The aim of this work was to analyze the genetic bases of fruit quality and disease resistance against apple scab and fire blight, in collections of old apple varieties representing a much larger diversity. Genotyping of core collections was performed either with arrays of 8k and 480k SNPs or by resequencing of chosen genes. Signs of genetic differentiation were identified between cider and dessert apples and were partially linked to the polyphenols pathway. After studying linkage disequilibrium, both on a large and a small scale, an association genetics approach allowed the identification of genomic regions associated with the variation of several fruit quality traits. Especially, the top of linkage group 16 was found to be linked with acidity (locus Ma), firmness, juiciness and bitterness (LAR gene). Concerning the resistance of apple to fire blight, a region containing a homolog of the NPR1 gene (defense activator) was identified. This thesis allowed the refining of the putative localization of previously identified QTLs and the identification of new genetic resources that could be useful in future selection programs using marker assisted selection
Sako, Aichata Founé Mohamed. "Vulgarisation d’un caractère prometteur d’adaptation à la variabilité environnementale : où peut-on promouvoir le photopériodisme des variétés de mil etsorgho sous les climats actuels et futurs en Afrique de l’Ouest ?" Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080099/document.
Full textStructured in three main chapters; this study addresses multidisciplinary approach combining spatial and temporalanalysis of interannual variability of rainfall, multi-locations trials of a large and representative sample of photoperiodicvarieties of sorghum and millet combined with a photoperiod response crop model and Geographic Information System(GIS). It allowed identifying specific target environment to promote the vulgarization of photoperiodic varieties ofsorghum and millet in West Africa. This study depicted significant relationships between phenology, PP sensitivityresponses and environmental factors, where the mains components are listed below:‒ The interannual rainfall variability in West Africa over the past fifty years (1950-2000) was marked by ageneral decrease in annual rainfall characterized by high variability in the onset of growing period at lowerlatitudes and an increase in the interannual variability of the end of growing period in the northern latitudeswith least significant variability through climatic periods.‒ The spatial distribution of PP sensitivity varieties of millet and sorghum is closely related to the spatial andtemporal distribution of the interannual variability of the onset and end dates of growing period. Photoperiodsensitive varieties are located mainly at lower latitudes where the interannual variability in the onset of thegrowing period is much higher than the end of the growing period.‒ Phonological response and expression of photoperiod sensitivity are strictly dependent on sowing date andlatitude. Effects of latitude on the expression of photoperiod sensitivity and phenology are proportional tolatitude.‒ The "impatience" sub-crop model calibrated and corrected for latitudinal effect predicts and identifies moreaccurately optimal varietal adaptation areas for sorghum and millet varieties in West Africa.‒ The adequacy between calibrated duration of the phonological cycle by the crop model adjusted for latitudinaleffect and that observed in farming systems in agro-systems in Mali, allowed to validate the predicted optimalvarietal adaptation maps by defined the model
Paluba, Robert. "Geometry of complex character varieties." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS155/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study various examples of tame and wild character varieties of complex curves.In the first part, we study an example of a tame character variety of the four-holed sphere with simple poles and exotic group G₂ as the structure group. We show that for a particular choice of conjugacy classes in G₂, the resulting affine symplectic variety of complex dimension two is isomorphic to the Fricke-Klein cubic surface, known from the classical case of the character variety for the group SL₂(C). Furthermore, we interpret the braid group orbits of size 7 in this affine surface as lines passing through triples of points in the Fano plane P²(F₂).In the second part, we establish multiple cases of the so-called „echo conjecture”, corresponding to the cases of Painleve I, II and IV differential equations. We show that for the Riemann sphere with one singular point and suitably chosen behavior at the singularity, there are three infinite families of wild character varieties of complex dimension two. In these families, the rank of the structure group is not bounded and goes to infinity. The main result of this part shows that in each family all the members are affine cubic surfaces, isomorphic to the phase spaces of the aforementioned Painleve equations. By computing the geometric invariat theory quotients, we provide explicit isomorphisms between the rings of functions of the arising affine varieties and relate the coefficients of the affine surfaces.The last part is dedicated to the study of a family of spaces generalizing the Painleve I and II hierarchies for higher rank linear groups, which is done by the means of quasi-Hamiltonian geometry. In particular, for each variety Bk in the hierarchy there is a group-valued moment map and they turn out to be the Euler's continuant polynomials. These in turn admit factorisations into products of shorter continuants and we show that for a continuant of length k, the distinct factorisations into continuants of length one are counted by the Catalan number Ck. Moreover, each such factorisation provides an embedding of the fusion product of k copies of GLn(C) onto a dense open subset of B_k and the quasi-Hamiltonian structures do match up. Finally, using this result we derive the formula for the quasi-Hamiltonian two form on the space Bk, which generalises the formula known for the case of B₂
Ollier, Marine. "Sélection d’un Triticale à faible teneur en mycotoxines." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R003.
Full textFusarium head blight (FHB) is a cereal disease of major importance responsible for yield losses and mycotoxin contaminations in grains. Here we characterized the resistance to FHB in triticale breeding material harboring resistance factors from bread wheat. Additionally, we introduce a new measurement approach to quantify FHB severity on grains based on the evaluation of the whitened kernel surface (WKS) using digital image analysis. A highly FHB resistant experimental line which derives from a triticale × wheat cross was crossed to several modern triticale cultivars to generate three triticale populations. These mapping populations were phenotyped for Fusarium head blight resistance in replicated field trials under artificial inoculation and were genotyped with genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and SSR markers. FHB severity was assessed in the field by visual scorings and on the harvested grain samples by a digital evaluation of the WKS. Aside from this breeding work, the applicability of WKS was assessed on two bread wheat and one triticale grain sample sets with 265 samples in total. Pearson correlation coefficients between Fusarium‐damaged kernels (FDK) and WKS range from r = 0.77 to r = 0.81 and from r = 0.61 to r = 0.86 for the correlation between deoxynivalenol (DON) content and WKS. As a low‐cost and fast approach, this method appears particularly attractive for breeding and genetic analysis of FHB resistance where typically large numbers of experimental lines need to be evaluated, and for which WKS is suggested as an alternative to visual FDK scorings. Four QTL with major effects on FHB resistance were identified in our three mapping populations. They map to chromosomes 2B, 3B, 5R and 7A. The QTL on 3B collocated with Fhb1 and the QTL on 5R with the dwarfing gene Ddw1. This is the first report demonstrating the successful introgression of Fhb1 into triticale which comprises a significant step forward for enhancing FHB resistance in this crop
Shu, Cheng. "E-Polynomial of GLn⋊<σ>-character varieties." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7038.
Full textLet σ be the transpose-inverse automorphism of GLn so that we have a semi-direct product GLn⋊<σ>. Let Y→X be a double covering of Riemann surfaces, which is exactly the unramified part of a ramified covering of compact Riemann surfaces. The non trivial covering transformation is denoted by τ. To each puncture (removed ramification point), we prescribe a GLn(C)-conjugacy class contained in the connected component GLn(C).σ . And we require the collection C of these conjugacy classes to be generic. Our GLn(C)⋊<σ>-character variety is the moduli of the pairs (L,Φ), where L is a local system on Y and Φ:L → τ*L* is an isomorphism, whose monodromy at the punctures are determined by C. We compute the E-polynomial of this character variety. To this end, we use a theorem of Katz and translate the problem to point-counting over finite fields. The counting formula involves the irreducible characters of GL_n(q)⋊<σ>, and so the l-adic character table of GL_n(q)⋊<σ> is determined along the way. The resulting polynomial is expressed as the in-ner product of certain symmetric functions associated to the wreath product (Z/2Z)^N⋊(S_N), with N=[n/2]
Thomas, Alexander. "Structures complexes supérieures et théorie de Teichmüller supérieure." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAD006.
Full textIn this PhD thesis, we give a new geometric approach to higher Teichmüller theory. In particular we construct a geometric structure on surfaces, generalizing the complex structure, and we explore its link to Hitchin components. The construction of this structure, called higher complex structure, uses the punctual Hilbert scheme of the plane. Its moduli space admits similar properties to Hitchin’s component. We construct a generalized spectral curve, an (almost) Lagrangian subvariety of the complexified cotangent space of the surface. Given a higher complex structure, we try to canonically deform it to a flat connection. The space of such connections, called “parabolic”, is obtained by imitating the Atiyah–Bott reduction. It is a space of pairs of commuting differential operators. Under some conjecture, we establish a canonical diffeomorphism between our moduli space and Hitchin’s component. Finally, we generalize certain constructions, like the punctual Hilbert scheme and the higher complex structure, to the case of a simple Lie algebra
Seye, Adama Innocent. "Prédiction assistée par marqueurs de la performance hybride dans un schéma de sélection réciproque : simulations et évaluation expérimentale pour le maïs ensilage." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS078.
Full textMaize (Zea mays L.) is the most cultivated crop in the world. To exploit the strong heterosis for traits related to biomass, the genetic diversity of maize is structured into heterotic groups and cultivated varieties are mainly F1 hybrids obtained by crossing lines from complementary groups. The hybrid value can be decomposed as the sum of the General Combining Ability (GCA) of each parental line and the Specific Combining Ability (ASC) of the cross. In northern Europe, maize is often used as silage for animal feed and the breeding objective is to improve productivity while ensuring a good energetic value and digestibility of the silage. The objectives of this thesis were: (i) to estimate the importance of GCA and SCA in hybrid genetic variance for silage quality traits, (ii) to identify loci (QTL) involved in these traits and to study their colocalization with QTL for productivity traits, (iii) to evaluate the interest of genomic selection for the prediction of hybrid performances and (iv) to compare the prediction accuracies of two calibration designs either based on a factorial or on the conventional use of testers from the complementary group. As part of the SAM-MCR project, 6 biparental connected families were created in the "flint" and "dent" groups from 4 founder lines. In a first phase, 822 flint and 802 dent lines were genotyped for 20k SNPs and crossed according to an incomplete factorial to produce 951 hybrids which were phenotyped for quality traits and for productivity traits (studied by H. Giraud during her phD). Quality trait analysis showed a predominance of GCA over SCA and a negative correlation between digestibility traits and silage yield. Several multi-allelic QTLs were detected, most of them being specific to one group. Several colocalizations were found with yield QTL. Using cross-validation, we observed that the predictive ability of models based on detected QTLs was lower than that obtained by genomic predictions. Considering the SCA did not improve model predictive abilities for most of the traits. In a second phase, 90 lines were chosen per group: 30 were selected based on their genomic predictions for productivity and the energetic value and 60 were randomly sampled from the 6 families. These lines were crossed according to an incomplete factorial to produce 360 new hybrids: 120 from selected lines and 240 from randomly chosen lines. The 90 lines of each group were also crossed to two lines of the complementary group (testers). Hybrids from the selected lines were more productive but had a lower silage quality. We confirmed the good accuracy of the genomic predictions obtained in the initial factorial on the new hybrids evaluated in other environments and after selection. We also observed good correlations between GCA estimated in the factorial and in the testcross design. Different factorial and testcross designs were simulated by varying the proportion of dominance/SCA, the number of hybrids and the contribution of each line to the calibration set. Considering the same number of hybrids in the calibration set, the factorial was more efficient in terms of predictive ability and cumulative genetic gain (up to + 50%) than the testcross design for traits showing SCA and was similar for purely additive traits. The results of this thesis open new perspectives to revisit hybrid breeding schemes by replacing the evaluation of candidate lines, classically made on testcross, by the direct evaluation of hybrids resulting from an incomplete factorial. The implementation of such designs will require reorganizing the logistics of selection programs