Academic literature on the topic 'Variety of the Rio Grande Portuguese'

Brazilian reputation as a land of opportunities has attracted immigrants searching for a better living. It is considerable the number of Senegalese in Rio Grande, RS, creating a demand for the teaching of Portuguese as a host language to immigrants. This paper results from reflections on a university extension project to promote the integration of these people in the local culture through Portuguese learning/ teaching. This project was also aimed at offering linguistic grounds for social interaction in Portuguese; providing contact with work-related text genres; and improving reading competences in texts addressing work and daily life. Thus, theoretical background from Interactional Sociolinguistics (Gumperz 1982) and Cultural Anthropology (Matta 2001) have been considered here. From the pedagogical point of view, this work was based upon the Task-based Approach (Janowska 2014; Willis 1996) has been chosen to solve specific needs of the group. In general, it was easy for the students to learn new words, but they showed some difficulties on the phonetic and phonological levels, such as distinguishing /z/ from /ʒ/; /s/ from /ʃ/; /l/ from /ʎ/. As to social impact, this project helped some students find formal jobs.

In this work, the aim is to demonstrate the growth of the shrimp breeding (Carcinicultura) in Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, as well as studying the environmental impacts generated by the activity in the mangrove ecosystem. Therefore, the importance of such environment will be showed, considering that the activity depends on that environment to subsist. Thus, environmental impacts are generated by the activity in the mangrove ecosystem. In this article, the deforestation generated in the Environmental Conservation Areas (APA, in Portuguese) of mangroves and riparian forest used for constructing tanks for shrimp breeding in Nísia Floresta, Rio Grande do Norte will be analyzed. There is, also, the aim of communicating the existence of the Recovery Plan for the Permanent Preservation Area (PRAPP, in Portuguese), elaborated by Idema (Institute of economic development and environment), the governmental agency responsible for controlling the Environment.

This article focuses on the directionality observed in the processes of change and acquisition of the prepositions that replaced Latin cases in the speech of Rio de Janeiro and in the Contact Portuguese spoken by Brazilian Indians in the region of Xingu. In Brazilian Portuguese, it is possible to delete the indirect case preposition of some verbs. The system loses and maintains prepositional nexus in a cyclic process motivated by the semantic transparency and the iconicity of the preposition, the adjacency between verb and complement, and the degree of transitivity of the verb. The variable use in Contact Portuguese shows the same effects observed in the Rio de Janeiro variety, in a process that includes a gradual filling up of categorical and variable contexts. We argue that the forces that guide acquisition of the Portuguese prepositional subsystem in the Xingu variety act in the same way as those that constrain variation in urban language.

ABSTRACT This is the first study to characterize the environmental conditions which contribute to the presence and proliferation of environmental mycobacteria in a major freshwater river. Over 20 different species of environmental mycobacteria were isolated, including the pathogenic M. avium and M. kansasii. Species of the rapidly growing M. fortuitum complex were the most commonly isolated mycobacteria, and one-third of all isolates were not identified at the species level, even by 16S sequencing. PCR restriction analysis of the hsp65 gene was more accurate and rapid than biochemical tests and as accurate as yet less expensive than 16S sequencing, showing great promise as a new tool for species identification of environmentally isolated mycobacteria. Total environmental mycobacteria counts positively correlated with coliform and Escherichia coli counts and negatively correlated with chemical toxicity and water temperature. Environmental mycobacteria can survive in the alkaline conditions of the river despite previous reports that especially acidic conditions favor their presence. A representative river isolate (M. fortuitum) survived better than E. coli O157:H7 at pHs below 7 and above 8 in nutrient broth. The river strain also retained viability at 8 ppm of free chlorine, while E. coli was eliminated at 2 ppm and above. Thus, in vitro studies support environmental observations that a variety of extreme conditions favor the hardy environmental mycobacteria.

Italo-Brazilian prose texts from São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, written from the 1920s until today, either in Brazilian Portuguese with Italian code-switches, or in the Venetian koiné spoken by the Italian immigrants in Rio Grande do Sul, sometimes switching to Portuguese, are an early, but so far largely neglected example of literary code-switching representing the multilingual immigrants’ communities. In a sociolinguistic analysis of these texts I will argue that the conversational functions of literary code-switching, especially in reported speech, are comparable to those found in spontaneous utterances, if considered in a continuum between conceptually oral and conceptually written language ( Koch and Oesterreicher, 1985 ). On the micro-level the stylistic function of code-switching plays a more prominent role in literature than in other genres, but on the macro level this kind of code-switching can also be regarded as a response to bilingual identity. In this respect, literary code-switching is used as an approximation strategy between the two closely related contact languages that gives the minority language prestige and thus contributes to its preservation.

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the cost of living and evolution of welfare ratios among urban workers in Rio Grande's vila, the main commercial enclave of the southern Portuguese dominions in America. From diverse sources (military and hospital expenditure accounts, merchant credit bills from probate inventories), we build different consumption baskets to calculate their cost in seven benchmark years: 1772, 1792, 1802, 1809, 1816, 1819 and 1823. The evolution of cost of living shows a consistent upward trend during the period, which, however, does not substantially affect welfare ratios. In order to build regional comparisons, we follow Allen's methodology (2001) to estimate welfare ratios of skilled and unskilled workers in Rio Grande, Buenos Aires and Montevideo. The results of using this approach could be useful to adjust the methodology for further international comparisons.

Bulama (otherwise Bolama) Island is the furthest inshore member of the Bissagos Islands, off the West African coast, in the present-day state of Guiné-Bissau. On the east side of the wide estuary of Rio Jeba, it stands near the mouth of Rio Balola. Small, low-lying, partly surrounded by sandbanks and swamps, often uninhabited, and considered by whites scenically attractive but very unhealthy, Bulama has appeared in historical records with disproportionate frequency. It may have been noted during the earliest stages of Portuguese “Discovery;” two centuries on, it was investigated by the French. It was later the locality of a disastrous British settlement, the proposed home for a colony of African-Americans, and for sixty years the site of a colonial capital; and it was the subject of a well-meant arbitration by a President of the U.S.A. Finally, it was the center for an international conference on its own past, held in 1990. That past, of little importance in itself, nevertheless provides a keyhole glimpse of much of the history of the western Guinea coast over four centuries.Our knowledge of the earlier history of the island of Bulama is slight and depends on European sources. The region of the estuary of Rio Jeba—or “Rio Grande” as it was originally known—was first visited by Europeans in the 1450s. The earliest Portuguese ship to arrive was probably the one on which a certain Diogo Gomes traveled, the date probably 1456. The account of this voyage, as edited by a contemporary scholar in the 1490s from the oral narrative of Diogo Gomes in old age, indicates that the Portuguese landed at a point along Rio Jeba and saw wild animals: deer, elephants, and crocodiles.

Segundo os registros deixados pelos bandeirantes, o nome Paraupava surgiu na Ilha do Bananal. Durante o período das chuvas, a Ilha fica dois terços submersa, formando uma grande lagoa, identificada no século XVI como Lagoa Paraupava. E ao rio que nascia e se dirigia à foz do Amazonas deram-lhe o nome de Paraupava, que pode ser verificado na cartografia da época que representava a lagoa e o rio. Para analisar o Mito Paraupava, Lagoa Paraupava e Rio Paraupava, é necessário realizar um estudo sobre a geografia das bandeiras paulistas: de onde partiam, quais os caminhos percorridos, objetivos e interesses, pois foi a partir dos conhecimentos obtidos com as penetrações aos sertões que se tornou possível aos bandeirantes paulistas escoimar o grande mito indígena da Lagoa Paraupava e identificar o Rio Paraupava, primeira denominação do atual Rio Araguaia, por conseguinte dar subsídio aos cosmógrafos portugueses para a realização de suas cartas geográficas científicas do interior do continente da América portuguesa.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Mito Paraupava. Etnolinguística. Rio Araguaia. ABSTRACT According to the registers left by the first explores, the name Paraupava came true in the Bananal Island. During the rainy season, the island stays submersed under two thirds of water, forming a large pond, identified on the XVI like the Paraupava lake. And the river that rised from it and foward the Amazonas river was given the name of Paraupava, which can be verified in the cartographic of that epoch which represented the lake and the river. To analyze the Paraupava river, the Paraupava lake, it is necessary to do a study about the geography of the flags from São Paulo: from where they left, which paths they reached, goals and interests, because it was because of it we obtained knowledge with their expeditions through the country that became possible to these explores to perpetrate the indian ?s myth Paraupava ?s Lake and identify the Paraupava ?s River, first denomination of the nowadays Araguaia River, as a consequence to conditions the Portuguese cosmographers do create their scientific geographic letters from the interior of the country to the Portuguese America.KEYWORDS: Paraupava's myth. Etnolinguistics. Araguaia river.

The Jesuit province of Paraquaria included missions established within both sedentary and non-sedentary indigenous groups. This study examines the Guenoa Minuanos and their interactions with the Jesuit mission San Francisco de Borja. The Guenoa Minuanos were a non-sedentary group that lived in the Banda Oriental, or what is today Uruguay and Rio Grande do Sul. Some bands chose to settle on the missions and particularly San Francisco de Borja, while other bands allied with the Portuguese. This study focuses on the bands that settled on the San Francisco de Borja mission.

Este artigo tem como objetivo reconstituir a evolução e diferenciação dos sistemas agrários identificados na Serra dos Tapes, Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto, apoia-se no referencial teórico e metodológico de sistemas agrários, o qual proporcionou as ferramentas adequadas para compreender as transformações históricas e geográficas nas formas de ocupação e exploração agrícola no recorte espacial estudado, desde os seus primeiros habitantes até o contexto atual. Os procedimentos metodológicos da presente pesquisa consistiram em trabalhos de campo realizados na Serra dos Tapes, entrevistas com os moradores antigos e revisões bibliográficas sobre a referida região. Foram identificados, em totalidade, cincos sistemas agrários: Sistema Agrário Indígena (até 1780); Sistema Agrário Quilombola (1780 – 1858); Sistema Agrário Colonial (1858 – 1900); Sistema Agrário Contemporâneo I (1900 – 1960) e Sistema Agrário Contemporâneo II (1960 – até os dias atuais). Entre os eventos que marcaram a transição entre um sistema agrário e outro, destacam-se a ingerência portuguesa sobre a região sul do estado, durante os séculos XVIII e XIX, os processos de urbanização e industrialização dos municípios de Pelotas e Rio Grande, assim como processo de modernização da agricultura, marcada pela Revolução Verde.ABSTRACT:This paper aims to reconstitute the evolution and differentiation of the agrarian systems identified in Serra dos Tapes, Rio Grande do Sul. Therefore, laid on the theoretical and methodological reference of agrarian systems, which provided the adequate tools to grasping the historical and the geographical transformations in the forms of occupation and agricultural exploitation in the studied area, since its first inhabitants until the current time. The present research methodological procedures consist of field works executed in Serra dos Tapes, interviews with ancient residents and bibliographical review about mentioned region. Were identified five agrarian systems: Indigenous Agrarian System (until 1780); Quilombola Agrarian System (1780-1858); Colonial Agrarian System (1858 - 1900); Contemporary Agrarian System I (1900 - 1960) and Contemporary Agrarian System II (1960 - until nowadays). Among the events that defined the transition between one agrarian system and another, highlights the portuguese interference on state's south region, during XVIII and XIX centuries, Pelotas and Rio Grande's urbanization and industrialization processes, as well as agriculture modernization process, highlited by Green Revolution.Keywords: Serra dos Tapes; Agrarian Systems Theory; Evolution and Differentiation of Agrarian Systems.

No Brasil, como no resto do mundo, o estudo de variedades diatópicas da língua tradicionalmente se pautou em pesquisas topostáticas, em que se privilegiou a fala de indivíduos nascidos e criados na localidade, portanto falantes de uma variedade mais conservadora e reveladora de um estágio “anterior, original” da língua. A combinação de critérios como o processo de povoamento, a antiguidade e o grau de isolamento de um lugar em relação a outros mais dinâmicos para determinar os pontos de observação de estudos desta natureza, tornou-se assim uma prática dominante. Contrariamente, o estudo de comunidades “jovens”, de formação recente, moldadas pelo fluxo migratório da população e, deste modo, locus de contatos linguísticos variados (entre línguas distintas e/ou entre variedades de uma mesma língua), parecem ter sido ignoradas pela pesquisa, durante muito tempo. O norte do Mato Grosso, onde se desenvolve esta tese, é um exemplo dessa tendência da pesquisa, daí a escolha do tema, a Topodinâmica da variação do português gaúcho em áreas de contato intervarietal no Mato Grosso, buscar preencher essa lacuna. São objetivos deste estudo 1) descrever o comportamento linguístico de migrantes gaúchos e de seus descendentes em contato com outras variedades regionais da língua portuguesa, a fim de 2) averiguar em que medida as relações sócio-econômico-culturais implicaram a manutenção, variação ou mudança de marcas linguísticas da variedade do português rio-grandense desses migrantes. Para tanto, correlacionaram-se diferentes dimensões de análise, em especial as dimensões diatópica, diageracional, diastrática, diassexual, diafásica, diarreferencial e contatual. O estudo desenvolveu-se em três localidades de pesquisa caracterizadas fundamentalmente pela topodinâmica da língua e dos falantes: Porto dos Gaúchos (MT01), Sinop (MT02) e Sorriso (MT03). Estes pontos configuram-se em uma extensão do processo histórico de ocupação do Oeste de Santa Catarina e Sudoeste do Paraná, como atestam Schaefer (1985) e Souza (2008). Criados entre as décadas de 1950 e 1980, esses lugares foram colonizados a partir da implementação de Empresas Privadas responsáveis por estabelecer núcleos urbanos com condições básicas que assegurassem tanto o desenvolvimento econômico do “Novo Eldorado” quanto a acolhida dos migrantes provenientes, sobretudo, da região Sul do Brasil. Em certo sentido, o perfil sócio-cultural dos colonos migrantes dessa área coincidiu com o dos informantes do Atlas Linguístico-Etnográfico da Região Sul do Brasil (ALERS). Pode-se, por isso, hipotetizar que a fala registrada pelo ALERS se aproxima da fala dos migrantes sulistas pioneiros estabelecidos nesses pontos. Sendo assim, os dados do ALERS constituem uma base de comparação importante da topodinâmica do português falado na matriz de origem e na área de chegada, no norte do Mato Grosso. Na elaboração do questionário aplicado na pesquisa de campo desta tese foram utilizadas, em grande parte, perguntas feitas pelo ALERS. A seleção de informantes considerou as dimensões diassexual (masculino vs. feminino), diastrática (Ca - alfabetizados com até o ensino médio completo vs. Cb - com nível superior) e diageracional (GI - jovens de 18 a 36 anos vs. GII - idosos acima de 50 anos). Já a constituição do corpus, um conjunto de variáveis linguísticas em diferentes níveis (fonético-fonológicos, semântico-lexicais e morfossintáticos) correlacionadas com dimensões extralinguísticas (dados sociológicos referentes aos informantes e às localidades) e a análise se pautou em princípios teórico-metodológicos da geolinguística pluridimensional e contatual e de outras disciplinas afins, como a sociologia da linguagem. A apreciação dos dados aponta diferentes fatores para a manutenção da variedade linguística inventariada no Sul do Brasil, tais como: o papel socioeconômico dos sulistas na região norte mato-grossense, a transmissão entre gerações dessa variedade, os recursos midiáticos e a gênese da criação histórica de cada localidade pesquisada. A covariação entre as formas [+RS] e as [-RS] são mais evidentes no nível lexical, enquanto os casos de mudança se manifestam, sobretudo, na fala dos informantes jovens no nível fonético.
In Brazil, as in the rest of the world, the study of diatopics varieties of language traditionally was based on topostatics research, which have privileged the speech of people born and raised in some locallity, so speakers of a more conservative and revealing variety of a stage "previous, original " of language. The combination of criteria as the settlement process, the age and the degree of isolation of a place in relation to others more dynamic to determine the points of observational studies of this nature, become a dominant practice. In contrast, the study of "young" communities, recently formed, shaped by migration of the population and thus locus of varied linguistic contact (between different languages and / or between varieties of the same language) seem to have been ignored by search for a long time. The northern Mato Grosso, where it develops this thesis, one example of this trend research, hence the choice of subject, the Topodinamics of gaúcho Portuguese on intervarietal contact areas at Mato Grosso), seek to fill this gap. The objectives of this study are 1) to describe the linguistic behavior of gauchos migrants and their descendants in contact with other regional varieties of the Portuguese language in order to 2) determine how much the social, economic and cultural relations involved in the maintenance, variation or change of language marks of the variety of Portuguese Rio-Grandense's migrants. Therefore, correlated analysis in different dimensions, especially the diatopic, diagenerational, diastratic, diasexual, diaphasic, diareferential and contactual. The study was developed in three research locations fundamentally characterized by topodinamics from language and speakers: Porto dos Gauchos (MT01), Sinop (MT02) and Sorriso (MT03). These points were configured as extension of the historical process of occupation of the West of Santa Catarina and Paraná Southwest, as evidenced by Schaefer (1985) and Souza (2008). Created between the 1950s and 1980s, these places were colonized from the implementation of Private Companies responsible for establishing urban centers with basic conditions that would ensure both the economic development of the "New Eldorado" as the reception of migrants coming mainly from the region southern of Brazil. In some sense, the socio-cultural profile of migrant settlers of this area coincided with the informants og Language-Ethnographic Atlas of Southern Brazil (ALERS). We can therefore hypothesize that speech recorded by ALERS approaches the speech of southern migrants pioneers set out in those points. Thus, the ALERS data are an important basis of comparison of topodinamics of spoken Portugueses in the source array and arrival area in northern Mato Grosso. In preparing the questionnaire applied in the field research of this thesis, were used largely, questions asked by ALERS. The choice of informants has considered the diassexual dimensions (male vs. female), diastratic (Ca - literate up to complete high school vs. Cb - with higher education) and diagenerational (GI – young people from 18-36 years vs. GII - elderly above 50 years). The corpus formation has considered a set of linguistic variables at different levels (phonetic-phonological, lexical-semantic and morphosyntactic) correlated to extra-linguistic dimensions (sociological data related to informants and locations) and was analyzed from the theoretical and methodological principles of pluridimensional geolinguistics and contactual and other related disciplines such as sociology of language. The data assessment points out different factors for the linguistic diversity maintenance inventoried in southern region of Brazil, such as the socioeconomic role of southerners in the north of Mato Grosso, the intergenerational transmission of this variety, the media resources and the genesis of historical creation of each studied area. The covariance between the "gaucho" and "non-gaucho" forms are more evident on the lexical degree, while cases of change are manifested primarily in the speech of young informants in phonetic and morphosyntactic degrees.

Neste trabalho, estuda-se a alternância de código chinês-português por imigrantes chineses que moram no Rio Grande do Sul. Analisam-se vinte e duas vinhetas, coletadas durante três meses, na perspectiva da sociolingüística interacional (GOFFMAN, 2002; BLOM; GUMPERZ, 2002; TANNEN; WALLAT, 2002; AUER, 1955, 1999). As vinhetas foram agrupadas em quatro categorias: tecnologia de informação, cultura, papel emocional e papel funcional. Um quinto conjunto de vinhetas foi analisado no que se refere à interferência do chinês no português, quando da alternância de código. A análise revelou que a alternância de código, circunscrita a temas e a necessidades expressivas ligadas à tecnologia, às diferenças culturais, à expressão de emoções, aos usos funcionais, é pista para o enquadre de eventos interacionais pela conversa no cenário brasileiro, mas ainda numa perspectiva oriental. Isso se reflete na própria estrutura das seqüências alternadas do português, em que traços gramaticais do chinês se fazem presentes de forma marcante.
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This paper studies Chinese-Portuguese code-switching by Chinese immigrants in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Twenty-two discourse excerpts, collected during three months, were analyzed in the interactional sociolinguistics approach (GOFFMAN, 2002; BLOM; GUMPERZ, 2002; TANNEN; WALLAT, 2002; AUER, 1955, 1999). The excerpts were grouped in four categories: information technology, culture, emotional role and functional role. A fifth set of excerpts was analyzed in what refers to the interference of Chinese on Portuguese in code-switching. The analysis showed that code-switching, circumscribed to topics and expressive needs related to technology, cultural differences, expression of emotions, functional uses, is a cue to the framing of interactional events in the Brazilian scene, but still in an eastern perspective. This state of affairs is reflected in the structure of alternated sequences in Portuguese, in which Chinese structural features are strong.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This study investigates the current process and structure of Portuguese Language teaching in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, based on three official documents published in the 1990‟s and in the first decade of the 21st century, in order to identify which guidelines have been adopted through official channels for the purposes of teaching. Besides this main objective, we looked for specific objectives: identifying the context and the conditions of production in which these documents are inserted; understanding its theoretical and methodological basis and the conceptions of langue, language and language teaching advocated in the texts; verifying how the discursive voices which organize such discourse articulate; knowing what dialogic relations these texts hold among themselves; investigating what image of the Portuguese teacher is built by the official voice. In order to make this research, we based our theoretical and methodological presuppositions on studies of the Bakhtin Circle. In the speeches found within each document, it was possible to conclude, in general, that the guidelines for teaching Portuguese are based on the social interaction approach for langue and language, and on a teaching method focused on these conceptions, thus distinguishing this method from a traditional concept of this teaching. It was also possible to conclude that this orientation is guided mainly by economical, social and political purposes.
Este estudo investiga o processo de constituição do ensino de Língua Portuguesa, no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, tomando por base três documentos oficiais, publicados na década de 1990 e primeira década do século XXI, na tentativa de conhecer que orientação tem sido dada a esse ensino pela via oficial. Além desse objetivo geral, procuramos atingir alguns objetivos específicos: identificar o contexto e as condições de produção em que esses documentos se inserem; depreender suas bases teórico-metodológicas e as concepções de língua, linguagem e ensino de língua defendidas nos textos; verificar como se articulam as vozes discursivas que organizam esse discurso; conhecer que relações dialógicas esses textos mantêm entre si; investigar que imagem do professor de Língua Portuguesa é construída pela voz oficial. Para a realização da pesquisa, nos ancoramos nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos delineados pelos estudos do Círculo de Bakhtin. No entrecruzamento dos discursos produzidos em cada documento, foi possível concluir, de forma geral, que a orientação do ensino de Língua Portuguesa se baseia na concepção de língua e linguagem de abordagem sócio-interacionista, e num ensino de língua calcado nessas concepções, afastando, desse modo, uma concepção tradicional desse ensino; foi possível concluir também que essa orientação se pauta por (e principalmente) propósitos políticos, sociais e econômicos.

Esta Tese investiga um processo fonológico de elevação de vogais médias pretônicas no português sul-rio-grandense em textos escritos no século XIX. Acredita-se que alguns casos de presença de vogais e no lugar de e , com base na ortografia atual, possam ser indícios de um processo de elevação vocálica, de modo semelhante ao que ocorre em realizações da língua falada. Este trabalho propõe retratar a presença do processo de elevação de vogais médias pretônicas /e/ e /o/ no Rio Grande do Sul e propor uma metodologia para o trabalho em Fonologia Diacrônica, através de um levantamento e organização de corpora de textos oitocentistas, com base em estudiosos da Linguística Histórica (ROMAINE, 1982; LASS, 2000; SCHNEIDER, 2002; MONTGOMERY, 2007). O levantamento de dados em corpora de língua escrita baseou-se em fenômenos estudados em pesquisas sobre elevação de pretônicas, como a harmonia vocálica, a elevação em sílaba inicial e o caso de elevação sem motivação aparente (BISOL, 1981; BATTISTI, 1993; SCHWINDT, 1995, 2002; CASAGRANDE, 2003; KLUNCK, 2007; SILVA, 2012, dentre outros). Corpora variados de textos impressos são disponibilizados de forma digitalizada (fotografia) e inédita para a comunidade acadêmica e geral. Propõe-se discutir se as formas encontradas são casos de reflexos de oralidade ou possíveis ajustes a uma suposta norma escrita oitocentista em construção, através do confronto de ocorrências em gramáticas, dicionários e vocabulários oitocentistas.
This thesis investigates the pretonic mid vowel raising on written texts in Rio Grande do Sul in the nineteenth century. Based on current Brazilian Portuguese spelling, it is believed that some cases of the presence of vowels and replacing and may be clues from a vowel raising process like the same one that happens in spoken language. This paper intends to portray the presence of the raising of the pretonic mid vowels /e/ and /o/ in sul-rio-grandense Portuguese. Besides, it intends to propose specific methodology for diachronic phonology research through corpora organization, based on Historical Linguistics (ROMAINE, 1982; LASS, 2000; SCHNEIDER, 2002; MONTGOMERY, 2007). The data collection in written language corpora was based on phonological phenomena from the researches about pretonic mid vowel raising, such as vowel harmony, vowel raising in initial syllable and vowel raising with no apparent motivation (BISOL, 1981; BATTISTI, 1993; SCHWINDT, 1995, 2002; CASAGRANDE, 2003; KLUNCK, 2007; SILVA, 2012). Data were examined in grammar books and dictionaries from that century. This research discusses if the words found on the nineteenth century corpora reflect either the spoken language or the first writings of Brazilian Portuguese orthography from that time. Written texts corpora are available in a digital archive in this thesis.