Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Varioline'
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Marquise, Nada. "Diarylcétones : synthèse par déprotocupration-aroylation et applications en série azinique." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S055/document.
Full textThe main purpose of this work was to develop new methodologies for the synthesis of molecules of biological interest, such as azafluorenones and precursors of variolin B analogs. First, we synthesized diarylketones, precursors for our targets, via a deprotocupration-aroylation sequence. Then, we involved them in a pallado-catalyzed coupling step: some substrates underwent C-H activation to provide azafluorenones. Next, we turned our attention to the synthesis of substituted azafluorenones. The latter were synthesized by a tandem process combining Suzuki coupling or Heck coupling with intramolecular cyclization catalyzed by palladium. Some of these molecules were biologically evaluated and showed good biological activities: cytotoxic, antimalarial, antibacterial and antifungal. Finally, we succeeded in synthesizing precursors of variolin analogues in only three steps from a commercial product
Rutten, Willibrord J. M. J. ""De vreselijkste aller harpijen" : pokkenepidemieën en pokkenbestrijding in Nederland in de achttiende en negentiende eeuw : een sociaal-historische en historisch-demografische studie /." Wageningen : Afdeling Agrarische Geschiedenis Landbouwuniversiteit, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb371542482.
Full textAnderson, Regan J. "Total synthesis of variolin B." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Chemistry, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6061.
Full textLisfranc, Jacques. "Quelques propositions de pathologie, précédées de recherches, réflexions et observations thèse présentée et soutenue à la Faculté de médecine de Paris le 26 août 1813 /." Paris : BIUM, 2003. http://www.bium.univ-paris5.fr/histmed/medica/cote?TPAR1813x135.
Full textTherrien, Sébastien. "Le rôle joué par le Conseil d'hygiène de la province de Québec dans la prévention de la variole de 1888 à 1922." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2001.
Find full textVigne, Solenne. "Inhibition de la réplication des orthopoxvirus par le phénomène d'ARN interférence : perspectives thérapeutiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20659.
Full textThe potential release of the etiological agent of smallpox, Variola virus, by bioterrorists, has prompted renewed interest in the development of new therapeutic molecules that inhibit poxvirus replication. Here we report the use of the RNA interference technology as a sequence-specific inhibitory approach against orthopoxvirus replication in vitro and in vivo. We have assessed the antiviral activities of several siRNAs targeting different genes that are essential for viral replication of vaccinia virus (VACV). Three siRNAs have been selected : siD5R-2, siB1R-2 and siG7L-1 designed to target, respectively, the D5R gene encoding the DNA-independant nucleoside triphosphatase, the essential viral gene B1R (i. E. , protein kinase) and the G7L gene encoding the protein G7 involved in virus morphogenesis. Each siRNA led to a significant decrease of VACV, cowpox virus (CPXV) and monkeypox virus (MPXV) replication (i. E. , up to 90%) in different cell lines. Our results have also demonstrated the specificity of the antiviral effect of each siRNA: they only knocked down the transcripts of the targeted genes, as shown by real time RT-PCR, and they did not induce any interferon response. Moreover, the antiviral potencies of these three siRNAs, following several routes of administration (i. E. , intranasal, intratracheal, intravenous or topical), have been investigated in vivo in a mouse model of orthopoxvirus infection. To date, cidofovir (Vistide®) is permitted for use as an emergency treatment in the case of smallpox outbreak. Thus, for the first time, we demonstrated the synergistic effect of cidofovir combined with each siRNA against VACV growth in cell culture. Moreover, we evaluated the antiviral potencies of these siRNAs against five vaccinia virus strains bearing mutations in the viral DNA polymerase gene (E9L), which are know to confer resistance to cidofovir and to one of its derivative, HPMPDAP. We finally developed a siRNA as an experimental tool to investigate the mechanism of action of the novel anti-orthopoxvirus compound ST-246. A siRNA (siF13L) designed to silence the F13L gene encoding the viral F13 protein, target of ST-246, confirmed our previous hypothesis: orthopoxviruses exhibit different levels of sensitivity to ST-246 due to their way of propagation. Our findings demonstrate the anti-orthopoxvirus potency of siRNAs and suggest to pursue their development in vivo as therapeutics for the treatment of poxvirus infections
Duraffour, Sophie. "Utilisation de différents orthopoxvirus pour le développement de modèles substitutifs du virus de la variole afin d'évaluer l'activité antivirale." Aix-Marseille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX20663.
Full textThe intentional release of smallpox by bioterrorists is considered to be a significant threat. Although effective smallpox vaccines are available, adverse events to vaccination particularly in immunosupressed individuals can be life threatening. Thus, researches in the field of highly potent antiviral against poxviruses have been intensified. Here we report the use and the development of surrogate models of variola virus, using several related Orthopoxviruses, to study anti-poxviral compounds. We (i) characterized the DNA repair protein uracil-DNA glycosylase of monkeypox virus, which is essential for orthopoxvirus replication and thus its inhibition is a rational therapeutic strategy, (ii) developed in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo surrogate model of variola virus by using its closest known related virus, camelpox virus; and (iii) investigated the mode of action of a novel anti-orthopoxvirus molecule, ST-246, against three Orthopoxviruses, vaccinia, cowpox and camelpox viruses
Massai, Veronica. "Medicina e potere : Angelo Gatti e l'inoculazione del vaiolo (1724-1798)." Doctoral thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EPHE4035.
Full textThe name of the tuscan physician Angelo Gatti has been closely linked to the practice and promotion of the inoculation for smallpox. Before Jenner discoveries about vaccine, this medical technique was the only way to prevent an endemic and deadly disease like smallpox. In the second half of the XVIIIth century the inoculation for smallpox became a discussed practice, able to involved in the debate not only the scientific community but also the social and political milieu. Gatti arrived in Paris in 1760 where he became famous thanks to his masterpieces: the Réflexions sur les préjugés qui s'opposent au progrès et à la perfection de l'inoculation (1764) and the Nouvelles réflexions sur la pratique de l'inoculation (1767). Coming from a modest and peripheral social background, Gatti was able to create an important network of relationships with many leading figures of the social, political and cultural milieu both in Italy and France which favoured his personal and professional success and led him to obtain relevant positions, more and more prestigious. The draft of my thesis has been conceived in order to follow Gatti's journey from the Grand Duchy of Tuscany under the Regency, passing by the France of the last years of King Louis XV, to continue through the Gatti's homecoming to Tuscany under the Grand Duke Peter Leopold to arrive at the Borbonian Court of Ferdinand IV and Mary Caroline in Naples. The biographical reconstruction has been led in order to assume an interdisciplinary study view, which allow to analyse the different contexts where Angelo Gatti played a leading role and finally to show how medecine and power can be linked one another
Chabot, Line. "Le Conseil d'hygiène de la Province de Québec et la lutte contre la variole au Québec : l'épidémie de 1901-1902 et le cas du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28568.
Full textRembert, Audrey. "Les vaccins antivarioliques : pathogénicité-innocuité, immunogénicité humorale et cellulaire, protection." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20707.
Full textSmallpox, eradicated in 1980, was one of the most dreaded infectious diseases. The threat of re-emerging variola virus induced the evaluation of new smallpox vaccines. The aim of our study was to determine immune factors induced in natural protection against orthopoxviruses and to assess new smallpox vaccines. The characterisation of the mice/cowpoxvirus rodent-like model had put in evidence the important role of all the component of the specific immune system in natural protection of mice. A second generation vaccine (2G) and tree non replicative vaccinia virus strains (3G) was evaluated in our model. The 2G smallpox vaccine showed similar vaccine efficacy than the traditional vaccine. Among the different 3G vaccines assessed, the MVA strain was the only vaccine candidate inducing a similar long-term protection than the traditional vaccine but only after a vaccine boost. However, the long-term induced MVA immunogenicity was inferior to this induced by the traditional smallpox vaccine
Legrand, Judith. "La modélisation mathématique dans le cadre de la préparation contre une épidémie d'origine malveillante : application à la fièvre hémorragique Ebola et à la variole." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066196.
Full textLopes, Myriam Bahia. "Les corps inscrits : vaccination antivariolique et bio-pouvoir, Londres - Rio de Janeiro : 1840-1904." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070008.
Full textBen, Chehida Regaya Faten. "Etude de la variole ovine en Tunisie et caractérisation des protéines virales impliquées dans la réponse immunitaire anti-capripoxvirus." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT021.
Full textThe sheep pox virus is omnipresent in small ruminant farms in North African countries andparticularly in Tunisia despite the annual vaccination campaigns set up by the Tunisian veterinaryauthorities. The optimization of the used vaccine strain involves the development of the so-called newgeneration vaccines such as subunit vaccines and this, using proteins recognized to induce a protectivehumoral response in the immunized animal. This could be considered as an alternative to currentcontrol strategies limiting virus spread in Tunisia. Few data exist on protective antigens specific toviruses in the genus Capripoxvirus. By homology to vaccinia virus proteins, this thesis work hastargeted four proteins in the genus Capripoxvirus belonging to the potentially immuno-dominantcontagious nodular dermatosis virus named LSDV60, LSDV117, LSDV122 and LSDV141respectively homologues of proteins L1, A27, A33 and B5. First, an in silico structural analysis hasallowed to identify the essential domains of each protein and to check the conservation rate of theseproteins among different viruses belonging to the poxvirus family. A thorough structural analysisidentifying the primary, secondary and tertiary structure of the A27 protein was conducted. Followingthis structural study, the proteins were produced in two different expression systems, namely theeukaryotic system and the baculovirus-insect cell system, in order to characterize their antigenicity tosera from immunized or proven animals. The recognition of the proteins of interest in the eukaryoticexpression vector has not been conclusive. On the other hand, the BEVS expression systemsuccessfully allowed the production of the A27 protein (L1, A33 and B5 in progress) in a solubleform, which was correctly recognized by sera from challenged naïve goats. Identifying trimeric andhexameric forms confirms its antigenicity. An immunodetection of the peptides corresponding toprotein A27 synthesized on membranes (PepScan) combined with an in silico analysis led to identifyzones capable of constituting recognized epitopic regions located predominantly in part N-terminal ofthe protein
Topalis, Dimitrios. "Structure et spécificité de la thymidylate kinase du virus de la vaccine : vers une stratégie antipoxvirus." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066372.
Full textDimier, Julie. "Développement d'un vecteur virus de la vaccine, réplicatif et atténué, pour la vaccination antivariolique et pour la vaccination contre la fièvre hémorragique à virus Ebola." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870840.
Full textMontagu, Aurélien. "Préparation d'analoques de nucléosides et de leurs prodrogues pour une thérapie antivirale des poxvirus." Thesis, Orléans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ORLE2009/document.
Full textThe lack of a vaccine and of an antiviral to treat the smallpox virus, a potential bioterrorist weapon, makes necessary the development of new antivirals. Given the large number of nucleosides approved, the search for novel compounds targeting viral enzymes, including those viruses remains a major focus of research. In this context, organometallic reactions are effective tools for the synthesis of new compounds with therapeutic potential. During this PhD research program, the Huisgen cycloaddition (CuAAC or RuAAc) and cross coupling metathesis allowed us to efficiently synthesize three new series of modified nucleoside analogues. Biological evaluations show that some synthesized compounds are biologically more interesting than reference molecules on poxvirus as well as on other DNA viruses
Therrien, Sébastien. "Le rôle joué par le Conseil d'hygiène de la province de Québec dans la prévention de la variole de 1888 à 1922." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2001. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2303.
Full textBaroni, Marianne. "L’hôpital des Enfants malades de Paris, 1802-1914 : du soin maternel à la pédiatrie." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST0003.
Full textThe hospital “les Enfants malades” of Paris was opened in May 1802; it was the first children’s hospital in the world. The first year, it accommodated 2,229 children (with 300 beds), and the death rate was 21, 5%. The next years it was around 25%. At the turn of the century (1802-1810), the average time of hospitalization was more than 80 days, and yearly expenses were around 200,000 francs. A hospital bed cost about 500 francs. A century later, in 1913, the hospital “les Enfants malades” of Paris admitted 8,945 children (with 600 beds), that is to say five times more than the period 1802-1803. Yet other children’s hospitals were built: Trousseau in 1854, Hérold and Bretonneau in 1901. The death rate was 13, 74%, half that of the beginning of the century. This was a significant reduction, but this figure was still too high. Before 1880 children below the age of two years were not admitted to the hospital. The death rate amongst this age group was considerable. After 1880 all children up to the age of fifteen were admitted. The hospitalization time fell (around 23 days), the expenses rose steeply: 1,400,000 francs in 1913 and each hospital bed cost 2,200 francs.The foundation of the hospital “les Enfants malades” of Paris allowed children to be treated separately from the adults. Treating children separately from adults was good for their emotional wellbeing. Better observation of infantile diseases and appropriate treatment were given thanks to this institution. Great doctors (Guersant, Trousseau, Roger, Grancher, Variot, Marfan, Hutinel) practiced and developed new treatments, both curative and preventive, and made great progress in infantile medicine. New ways of thinking about children and the advancement of science facilitated the hospital’s change: transformation of hospital wards, the creation of laboratories and libraries, additional funding, improvement of working conditions and nurses’ training schools, and the separation of the church and state.The population of hospital les “Enfants malades” appertained to the poorer classes, sick, ill-fed, and ill-clothed children. The institution tried to save them. In 19th century, the main infantile diseases were infectious diseases. The study of smallpox, scrofula, cholera, diphtheria and gastro-enteritis were the main conditions treated throughout the century. Administration (money), physicians (science) and families (confidence) have had a fundamental part in the evolution of children’s hospitalization. So, it passed from maternal care to include pediatrics
Letellier, Carine G. "Mise au point de virus variole aviaire recombinants, construction et utilisation chez la volaille d'un virus recombinannt la glycoprotéine de fusion du virus de la maladie de Newcastle." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212844.
Full textAyari-Fakhfakh, Saïda Emna. "Contribution au développement d’un modèle vaccinal recombinant pour le contrôle des trois infections virales majeures des ruminants, la variole, la PPR et la RVF, adapté à la situation épidémiologique des pays du Maghreb." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20009/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to develop a capripoxvirus based recombinant vaccine against ruminant pox, Rift Valley fever (RVF) and peste des petits ruminants (PPR) considered as a vaccine model for countries affected by these infections. The first part of the work consisted in a serological survey conducted in Tunisia to detect the PPR and RVF presence. A PPR seroprevalence of 7.6% has been found and no antibodies against RVF were detected. However, the risk of infection with rift valley fever virus persists since competent vectors such as Culex pipiens and Culex theileri has been identified in the sampled areas. The development of the RVF-PPR vaccine candidate is based on the NSmGN-FVR and H-PPR gene expression - where each of the genes is inserted into the thymidine kinase and the Interleukin 8 receptor analogue genes, respectively. The vector chosen is the vaccine strain Sheeppox Kenya-1. Although the double recombinant RVF-PPR has been produced, it could not be purified. The alternative was to evaluate the protection and the immunogenicity of the single recombinant capripoxvirus NSmGN-FVR, which is a product of an intermediate step of the process of the double recombinant preparation. The protection of our vaccine candidate has been performed by two mice experiments in Mus m. musculus MBT/Pas, with challenge. The number of doses, the route of administration played a key role in the protection confirmed by the presence of neutralizing anti-RVF antibodies. The study of the immunogenicity of the vaccine candidate was conducted in goats without challenge, RVF seroconversion has been shown. Lymphoproliferation studies and lymphocytes subpopulations typing have been analysed
Mandja, Makasa Bien-Aimé. "Dynamique spatio-temporelle des épidémies de Monkeypox en République Démocratique du Congo." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCE023.
Full textMonkeypox (MPX) is a rare severe viral zoonotic smallpox-like disease affecting animals and humans living within tropical rain forest of West and Central Africa. The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) reports nearly 85 % of all known human cases and this country experienced several outbreaks over the past few years.After 30 years of cessation of vaccination campaigns against smallpox, the majority of authors agree that a significant rise of MPX cases is observed in several tropical regions including the DRC and this becomes a real problem for public health. However, MPX remains a rarely studied disease and the factors related to its transmission and its spatial distribution remain poorly understood.This research was conducted to contribute building a MPX prevalence estimator in scale of DRC and to understand the determinants of its spatial and temporal distribution. First, a score was constructed to assess the level of adequacy between reported morbidity generated by Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) data in DRC and real morbidity. Then, a study of the search for MPX spatial and temporal clusters in the DRC at the HZ scale was carried out using the SaTScan® software. Finally, a hierarchical Bayesian model was developed to explore the association between MPX cases and specific environmental risk factors with R®.A simple and pragmatic score was elaborated to quantify the validity of data generated by the IDSR in the DRC. The study of MPX spatial aggregates research showed an over-incidence of reported cases in the two traditional foci of Sankuru and Tshuapa districts but with an extension in some surrounding districts over the years making these areas epicenter of the circulation of the MPX pathogen in the central basin of Congo. The temporal analysis highlighted a seasonal trend with an increase in MPX cases during the dry season. The developed model suggests that several major physical environment factors alone are positively associated with the disease incidence but are not sufficient to fully understand the emergence and persistence of MPX outbreaks in the DRC. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account socio-economic as well as anthropological factors, which will support understanding the people relationships with their environment as the driver of risk exposure.Our study allowed targeting high-risk areas and periods that could be prioritized for prevention and interventions to control monkeypox outbreaks in DRC and other concerned African countries.Key words: Monkeypox, Democratic Republic of Congo, adequacy score, Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response, reported morbidity, real morbidity, SaTScan, spatio-temporal clusters, Bayesian model, and environmental factors
Pialoux, Gilles. "Essais vaccinaux anti VIH 1 de phase I chez l'homme : approche comparative de la réponse immune induite par un vecteur recombinant canarypox et par des lipopeptides." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05CD02.
Full textQuaresma, Paulo Sergio Andrade. "Urbe em tempos de varíola: a cidade do Rio Grande (RS) durante a epidemia de 1904-1905." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2148.
Full textAu long du temps, l'histoire de l'homme a été fortement marquée par des crises produites par l'incidence de maladies, principalement celles de nature infecto-contagieuse. Dans ce scénario, la variole, dont les registres démontrent qu'elle a provoqué le décès de milliers de personnes depuis l'anciennet é jusqu'à son extinction, dans la seconde moitié du siècle XX, en a le devant de la scène. Avant son éradication, cette maladie a été un problème social et politique, en intervenant dans le quotidien et dans les habitudes de la société. En consonance avec ces faits, la présente étude a l'objectif de retracer un profil historique de la ville du Rio Grande pendant l'épidémie de la variole, entre 1904 et 1905. Dans cette étude on fera l'analyse de l'état sanitaire, des attitudes individuelles et collectives de la population devant le phénomène morbo-infectieux et les stigmates associés à la maladie, à partir du regard des études faites par l'histoire sociale, l'histoire des maladies, de la démographie historique, de la presse et de la littérature. Pour atteindr e ces objectifs, des données quantitatives ont été recueillies dans les livres de décès et d'enterrements de l'Association de Charité de la Santa Casa du Rio Grande, et dans des nouvelles véhiculées par la presse locale de l'époque, puisées dans les archiv es de la Bibliothèque Rio-Grandense. Cette source d'informations aide dans la construction de graphiques et de tableaux, ouvrant à la construction de différentes conjectures et permettant la réalisation de commentaires divers. La dissertation est constituée par trois chapitres: le premier porte sur l'analyse de la présence des maladies au long de l'histoire des civilisations; le deuxième porte sur la structure sanitaire et les incidences d'épidémies au Brésil au long du siècle XIX et le début du siècle XX et le troisième fait une comparaison/rapprochement entre les données quantitatives rassemblées et les matières divulguées dans la presse locale
Ao longo do tempo, a história do homem esteve fortemente marcada por crises geradas em consequência da incidência de doenças, principalmente aquelas de natureza infectocontagiosa. Nesse cenário, tem destaque a varíola, cujos registros demonstram que causou a morte de milhares de pessoas, desde a antiguidade até a sua extinção na segunda metade do século XX. Antes da sua erradicação, essa doença foi um problema social e político, interferindo no cotidiano e nos hábitos da sociedade. Em consonância a esses fatos, o presente estudo tem como objetivo traçar um perfil histórico da cidade do Rio Grande durante a epidemia de varíola entre 1904 e 1905. Neste estudo, far-se-á análise do estado sanitário, das atitudes individuais e coletivas da população diante do morbo infeccioso e os estigmas associados à doença, a partir do olhar dos estudos preconizados pela história social, história das doenças, da demografia histórica, da imprensa e da literatura. Para alcançar esses objetivos, foram recolhidos dados quantitativos nos livros de óbitos e de sepultamentos da Associação de Caridade Santa Casa do Rio Grande e notícias veiculadas na imprensa local da época, junto ao acervo de jornais da Biblioteca Rio -Grandense. Esse manancial de informações auxilia na construção de gráficos e tabelas, abrindo, dessa forma, a possi bilidade de diferentes conjecturas e permitindo a realização de observações diversas. Esta dissertação é constituída por três capítulos: o primeiro analisa a presença das doenças ao longo da história das civilizações; o segundo foca a estrutura sanitária e as incidências de epidemias no Brasil ao longo século XIX e início do século XX; o terceiro faz um cotejo entre os dados quantitativos coletados e as matérias veiculadas na imprensa rio-grandina
Saccucci, Laurent. "INTERET THERAPEUTIQUE DE LA PROTEINE A20 DES ORTHOPOXVIRUS COMME CIBLE PERTINENTE D'APTAMERES PEPTIDIQUES ET DE COMPOSES CHIMIQUES BLOQUANT SES INTERACTIONS ESSENTIELLES A L'INTERIEUR DU COMPLEXE DE REPLICATION VIRALE." Phd thesis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440047.
Full textBilodeau, Bertrand Marianne. "L’influence sur la longévité de l’exposition très tôt dans la vie à une épidémie au Québec à la fin du XIXe siècle." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12033.
Full textNumerous studies have shown the effects on longevity of early life and adult conditions. The purpose of our study is to analyze the impact of exposure to an epidemic disease during the fetal stage or the first year of life on survival after age 40 for people born in Quebec between 1885 and 1901. During this period, we identified epidemics of smallpox and scarlet fever, and the Russian influenza pandemic. The effects on age at death of other environmental conditions have been studied such as the sex, the season of birth and the year of birth, the urban-rural status at birth, the region of residence in early life and the region of residence at death. The dataset used in this study is based on the 5 percent sample of the 1901 Canadian Census, gathered by the Canadian Family Project (Sager 2001). Individuals were matched to their deaths records through the Quebec Consolidated Deaths Index from the Société de Généalogie du Québec and the Index des décès from the Institut de la statistique du Québec (Pilon-Marien and al. 2009). A descriptive analysis of the population studied has been done and a statistical analysis with Cox models and Gompertz models was made. We observe that individuals who were exposed to an epidemic disease during their first year of life had an increased mortality after age 40. In utero exposure to an epidemic hints at an increase of mortality after age 40 but the effect is not significant. Also, a birth during a pandemic, and therefore exposure both in utero and in the first year, apparently has no significant negatives impacts on longevity.
Diouf, Assane. "Mortalité et activation immunitaire chronique chez les personnes vivant avec le VIH naïves de traitement antirétroviral en Afrique de l’Ouest." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20071.
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