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Journal articles on the topic 'Varioline'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Vaquero, J., A. Baeza, J. Mendiola, C. Burgos, and J. Alvares-Builla. "Synthesis of Pyridopyrrolopyrimidines. Total Synthesis of Varioline B and Deoxyvariolin B." Synfacts 2010, no. 12 (November 22, 2010): 1343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1258954.

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2

Huth, Stephanie. "Variolink Esthetic." Tandartspraktijk 36, no. 1 (February 2015): 66–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12496-015-0016-5.

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3

Rosentritt, Martin, Michael Behr, Carola Kolbeck, and Gerhard Handel. "Marginal Integrity of CAD/CAM Fixed Partial Dentures." European Journal of Dentistry 01, no. 01 (January 2007): 025–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698308.

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ABSTRACTObjectives: Computer-aided design (CAD) and manufacturing (CAM) allows the milling of high strength zirconia fixed partial dentures (FPD), however bonding to an inert ZrO2 ceramic surface may effect the marginal integrity of the FPDs. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the marginal adaptation of zirconia FPDs at the interfaces between zirconia, cement, and tooth.Methods: Methods: 32 3-unit FPDs were fabricated of the CAD/CAM Y-TZP zirconia (Lava, 3M Espe, Germany) according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Resin cements with corresponding primer and bonding systems were used to lute the FPDs: Compolute/EBS multi (3M Espe, Germany), Panavia F/ED (Kuraray, Japan), Variolink 2/Syntac classic (Ivoclar-Vivadent, FL) and RelyX Unicem/without treatment (3M Espe, Germany). Au-alloy FPDs (BioPontostar, Bego, Germany) were cemented with RelyX Unicem and Harvard (Harvard, Germany) as the control. Marginal adaptation was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy using replica specimen before and after artificial aging. After aging, microleakage tests were performed with fuchsine solution. The interfaces between cement-tooth and cement-FPD were examined.Results: At the interfaces (cement-tooth and cement-FPD), the systems showed a 95% or higher perfect margin before and after aging. Only Variolink2/Syntac had a marginal adaptation, lower than a 70% perfect margin. Generally, the fuchsine penetration was below 20%, only BioPontstar/Harvard and Lava/Variolink2 showed penetration results between 80% and 100%.Conclusion: The success of the adhesive cementation of zirconia FPDs depends on the cement system. Under the conditions of this study, zirconia FPDs showed good to sufficient marginal integrity in combination with Panavia/ED, Compolute/EBS and RelyX Unicem. (Eur J Dent 2007;1:25-30)

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4

Walker, Scott R., Erin J. Carter, Belinda C. Huff, and Jonathan C. Morris. "Variolins and Related Alkaloids." Chemical Reviews 109, no. 7 (July 8, 2009): 3080–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cr900032s.

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5

Alkhudhairy, Fahad, Fahim Vohra, Mustafa Naseem, Mosa Mohammed Owais, Abdulmajeed H. Bin Amer, and Khalid B. Almutairi. "Color stability and degree of conversion of a novel dibenzoyl germanium derivative containing photo-polymerized resin luting cement." Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials 18 (January 2020): 228080002091732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2280800020917326.

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Aim: To compare the color stability and degree of conversion (DC) of a resin cement containing a dibenzoyl germanium derivative photo-initiator (Variolink Esthetic) to resin cements containing conventional luting agents. Materials and Method: Spectrophotometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to compare the color stability and DC, respectively, of Variolink Esthetic compared to Calibra, Variolink-N, and NX3 resin cements. Ten specimens (1 × 2 mm2) of each resin cement were photo-polymerized and then subjected to color stability assessments. In addition, 30 samples of each of the four resin cements were prepared and then immersed in three staining solutions (tea, coffee, and distilled water) for two weeks. Changes in color for the immersed versus non-immersed specimens (control specimens) were determined by comparing ΔL (lightness), Δa, and Δb (color components), and an overall ΔE (color difference) obtained from spectrophotometry assays. One-way analysis of variance and a multiple comparison test (Tukey’s test) were used to analyze color stability and DC data. NX3 and Variolink Esthetic resin cements exhibited significantly lower values compared to the dual cured resin cements (Variolink-N and Calibra). Results: The highest DC values were observed among the photo-polymerized samples of Variolink Esthetic (87.18 ± 2.90%), while the lowest DC values were observed among the Variolink-N samples (44.55 ± 4.33%). Conclusion: The resin cement, Variolink Esthetic, containing a novel dibenzoyl germanium derivative photo-initiator exhibited superior color stability ( p < 0.05) and a higher DC than other resin cements containing conventional luting agents in an in vitro setting.

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6

Ahaidar, Abderaouf, David Fernández, Olga Pérez, Gerardo Danelón, Carmen Cuevas, Ignacio Manzanares, Fernando Albericio, John A. Joule, and Mercedes Álvarez,. "Synthesis of variolin B." Tetrahedron Letters 44, no. 33 (August 2003): 6191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(03)01551-x.

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7

Anderson, Regan J., and Jonathan C. Morris. "Total synthesis of variolin B." Tetrahedron Letters 42, no. 49 (December 2001): 8697–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(01)01881-0.

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8

Ramos, NC, JN Luz, MC Valera, RM Melo, GSFA Saavedra, and E. Bresciani. "Color Stability of Resin Cements Exposed to Aging." Operative Dentistry 44, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 609–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/18-064-l.

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SUMMARY The aim of this study was to evaluate the color stability of light-cured and dual-cured resin cements after artificial accelerated aging. Ten specimens (6-mm diameter and 2-mm thickness) for each of five resin cements were prepared: GC (dual-cured cement, GCem), Vb (light-cured cement, Variolink II only the base), Vbc (dual-cured cement, Variolink II base with catalyst), VV (light-cured cement, Variolink Veneer), and FR (flowable resin composite, light cured). The samples were polished and stored in an accelerated artificial aging machine for 308 hours (160 klx), with cycles of 120 minutes under light and 60 minutes in the dark. All aging was carried out in distilled water at 37°C and light irradiation at 765 W/m2. The samples were evaluated in a spectrophotometer before and after aging, and results were calculated according to CIEDE2000. The data were statistically analyzed (one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test, 95% confidence). The results of ΔE00 were statistically significant for the type of cement (p<0.001), with differences among tested groups. Variolink II (base only and base + catalyst) and the flowable resin were the cements with the lowest color variations after the artificial accelerated aging. Considering the values ΔE00 of acceptability and perceptibility, none of the tested cements showed acceptable values.

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9

Liu, Qi, Long Quan Shao, Chen Hu, Yuan Fu Yi, Bin Deng, and Ning Wen. "Bond Strength of Different Adhesive Luting Materials to Zirconia Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 447–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.447.

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To investigate the bond strength of different adhesive luting materials bond to zirconia ceramics. 40 (30mm×5mm×5mm) Cercon Smart Ceramics samples were divided into groups: (1) glass-ionomer bonded (control group), (2) Clearfil™ Repair bonded, (3) Panavia F bonded, (4) Variolink N bonded. Tensile bond strength and shear bond strength were evaluated after 24h storage at 37°C in distilled water. Each group had 10 samples for different test. Data were evaluated using ANOVA analysis (α=0.05). The experiment groups are statistically significant differences with control group (P<0.05). The shear bond strength of the Glass ionomer FX Ι, the Clearfil™ Repair, Panavia F and Variolink N groups were 14.23±4.48 MPa, 21.95±1.32 MPa, 31.16±1.50 MPa and 43.54±1.97 MPa, separately. Comparisons among groups were significant differences (P<0.001). Variolink N bonded ceramics achieved highest tensile and shear bond strength. Different adhesive materials significantly influence the bond strength of zirconia ceramics.

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10

Anderson, Regan J., and Jonathan C. Morris. "ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Variolin B." ChemInform 33, no. 9 (May 22, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200209220.

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11

Simone, Matteo, Eugenio Erba, Giovanna Damia, Faina Vikhanskaya, Angela M. Di Francesco, Riccardo Riccardi, Christian Bailly, Carmen Cuevas, José Maria Fernandez Sousa-Faro, and Maurizio D’Incalci. "Variolin B and its derivate deoxy-variolin B: New marine natural compounds with cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor activity." European Journal of Cancer 41, no. 15 (October 2005): 2366–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2005.05.015.

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12

Crăciun, Antarinia, Ioana Bȃldea, Ana Ispas, Mîndra Eugenia Badea, Ioan Petean, Codruta Sarosi, Marioara Moldovan, Stanca Cuc, Razvan Ene, and Maria Crişan. "Evaluation of Surface Characteristics and Cytotoxicity of Dental Composites." Coatings 10, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10080749.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface and in vitro cytotoxicity on human dysplastic oral keratinocytes (DOK) of four commercial resins-based dental composites commonly used in prosthodontics dental therapies: two indirect composites for crown and bridges—SR Adoro (IvoclarVivadent GmbH) and Solidex (Shofu Dental GmbH); and two dual-curing luting resin cements—RelyxUnicem (3M ESPE Dental Products) and Variolink Esthetic DC (IvoclarVivadentGmbH). A complex assessment of surface characteristics of the four materials was conducted before and after the exposure to artificial saliva through various analyses, such as Scanning Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy and Cross Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM). The results showed that DOK viability was not severely affected by exposure to any of these materials; however, Variolink expressed higher values but still above the toxicity level of the rest of the composites. The analysis of the surface structure between initial and artificial saliva exposed specimens returned a compact aspect in both categories and although Variolink and Relyx were subjected to increased roughness after saliva exposure, no damage of the internal compactness was recorded, demonstrating a fair behavior of the luting cements in contact with the saliva.

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13

S., Parrish. "Virus variolique : histoire de coiffe." Revue Francophone des Laboratoires 2007, no. 393 (June 2007): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1773-035x(07)80254-1.

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14

Gavranović-Glamoč, Alma, Muhamed Ajanović, Lejla Kazazić, Sanela Strujić-Porović, Selma Zukić, Selma Jakupović, Alma Kamber-Ćesir, and Lejla Berhamović. "Evaluation of Solubility of Luting Cements in Different Solutions." Acta Medica Academica 49, no. 1 (August 1, 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/ama2006-124.284.

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<p><strong>Objective. </strong>To evaluate and compare the solubility of three luting cements in three different solutions: distilled water and artificial saliva with different pH values (7.4 and 3.0).</p><p><strong>Materials and Methods</strong>. Resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (GC Fuji Plus) and two resin cements (Multilink Automix and Variolink II) were used. A total of 45 specimens, 15 specimens (15x1 mm) for each cement, were prepared according to ISO standard 4049:2009. The solubility of the cements was calculated by weighing the specimens before and after immersion and desiccation. Values of solubility in water (Wsl) in microgram/mm3 for each of the five specimens were calculated using the following formula (ISO 4049:2009): Wsl=(m1-m3)∕V. The Mann-Whitney U nonparametric statistical method and Post hoc sample comparisons were applied.</p><p><strong>Results. </strong>GC Fuji Plus showed statistically significant higher solubility in comparison with Variolink II and Multilink Automix in all three solutions. In acidic artificial saliva (pH 3.0) Multilink Automix showed significantly higher values of solubility compared to Variolink II (P<0.016). By studying the effect of pH value on the solubility of GC Fuji Plus cement, significantly higher values of solubility in pH 3.0 artificial saliva were confirmed (P<0.009). The influence of the surrounding pH value on the solubility of the resin cements Multilink Automix and Variolink II was researched. No statistically significant difference was found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion. </strong>Solubility values were mainly influenced by the proportion of hydrophilic matrix, the type and composition of filler, and the pH value of the solutions.</p>

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15

Ahaidar, Abderaouf, David Fernández, Gerardo Danelón, Carmen Cuevas, Ignacio Manzanares, Fernando Albericio, John A. Joule, and Mercedes Álvarez. "Total Syntheses of Variolin B and Deoxyvariolin B1." Journal of Organic Chemistry 68, no. 26 (December 2003): 10020–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo035332b.

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16

Lambert, Régine. "L’exemple de la variole." La Presse Médicale 44, no. 7-8 (July 2015): 837–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lpm.2014.12.006.

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17

Rey, M., and N. Guérin. "Variole et menace bioterroriste." Antibiotiques 6, no. 3 (September 2004): 214–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1294-5501(04)94266-5.

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18

Darmon, P. "L'eradication de la variole." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 18 (November 1988): 598–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-077x(88)80168-9.

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19

Marchan, Shivaughn, Larry Coldero, Robert Whiting, and Salvacion Barclay. "In vitro evaluation of the retention of zirconia-based ceramic posts luted with glass ionomer and resin cements." Brazilian Dental Journal 16, no. 3 (December 2005): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402005000300008.

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The retention of zirconia-based ceramic posts (CosmoPost system) luted with glass ionomer and resin cements was evaluated. Thirty-two extracted, caries-free, unrestored teeth were selected and stored in chlorhexidine and water solution. The teeth were endodontically treated and randomly assigned to two groups (n=16). Each tooth was decoronated and prepared to a depth of 10.0 mm from root surface to receive a 1.4 mm diameter zirconium dioxide post. Each group had posts cemented with either glass ionomer cement (Fuji I) or resin cement (Variolink II). The post/teeth specimens were embedded in resin blocks and subjected to tensile testing. The tensile force required to dislodge the cemented posts in a tensile testing machine was recorded. The mean stress values of both groups were analyzed for statistical differences using ANOVA and Student's t-test. Significance level was set at 5%. Mean peak forces at failure (N) and standard deviation for the tested cements were the following: Fuji I = 121.8 (±17.4) and Variolink II = 228.1 (±36.8). Posts luted with the resin cement presented statistically significant higher tensile bond strength than those retained with glass ionomer (p<0.05). It may be concluded that zirconia posts cemented with resin-based cement (Variolink II) failed at statistically significant higher values compared to those cemented with glass ionomer cement (Fuji I). Regardless of the cement type, the posts failed adhesively at the cement/post interface when subjected to a tensile force.

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20

Rejman, Daniel John, Theodore Eliades, Thomas G. Bradley, and George Eliades. "Polymerization Efficiency of Glass-Ionomer and Resin Adhesives under Molar Bands." Angle Orthodontist 78, no. 3 (May 1, 2008): 549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/022207-88.1.

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Abstract Objective: To determine the degree of cure of a light-cured resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) under molar bands compared with a light-cured resin and a dual-cured resin. Materials and Methods: The 3 cements used were Fuji Ortho LC, Eagle Spectrum resin, and Variolink II dual-cure. Each sample was indirectly light cured for 20 seconds (10 seconds occlusally, 10 seconds cervically) under sections of molar bands, and the degree of cure was evaluated with micro-MIR FTIR spectroscopy. Results: The RMGI exhibited a significantly higher mean degree of cure (55.31%) than both of the resins (Eagle 19.23%; Variolink II, 25.42%), which did not differ significantly at α = .05 level of significance. Conclusion: Higher degree of conversion can be obtained from RMGIs under molar bands compared with composite resin adhesives provided the proper curing technique is used.

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21

Kaur, Tanpreet, Preeti Wadhwa, and Anuj Sharma. "Arylsulfonylmethyl isocyanides: a novel paradigm in organic synthesis." RSC Advances 5, no. 65 (2015): 52769–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra07876h.

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p-Tosylmethyl isocyanide (TosMIC), an α-acidic isocyanide has emerged as a privileged reagent to access biologically relevant fused heterocycles and some natural products like (−)-ushikulide A, variolin B, porphobilinogen and mansouramycin B.

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22

Molina, Pedro, Pilar M. Fresneda, Santiago Delgado, and Juan Antonio Bleda. "Synthesis of the potent antitumoral marine alkaloid variolin B." Tetrahedron Letters 43, no. 6 (February 2002): 1005–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(01)02321-8.

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23

Anderson, Regan J., Jonathan B. Hill, and Jonathan C. Morris. "Concise Total Syntheses of Variolin B and Deoxyvariolin B." Journal of Organic Chemistry 70, no. 16 (August 2005): 6204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo050523v.

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24

Černý, Karel. "The beginnings of variolation against smallpox in Europe (1713-1721)." Opera Historica 21, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.32725/oph.2020.023.

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25

Fonseca, Renata Garcia, Carlos Alberto dos Santos Cruz, and Gelson Luis Adabo. "The influence of chemical activation on hardness of dual-curing resin cements." Brazilian Oral Research 18, no. 3 (September 2004): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242004000300009.

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During the cementation of metallic restorations, the polymerization of dual-curing resin cements depends exclusively on chemical activation. This study evaluated the influence of chemical activation compared with dual-curing (chemical and light activation), on the hardness of four dual-curing resin cements. In a darkened environment, equal weight proportions of base and catalyst pastes of the cements Scotchbond Resin Cement, Variolink II, Enforce and Panavia F were mixed and inserted into moulds with cavities of 4 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height. Subsequently, the cements were: 1) not exposed to light (chemical activation = self-cured groups) or 2) photoactivated (dual-curing = dual-cured groups). The Vickers hardness number was measured at 1 hour, 24 hours and 7 days after the start time of cements' spatulation. For all the cements, the hardness values of self-cured groups were lower than those of the respective dual-cured groups at 1 hour and 24 hours. At 7 days, this behavior continued for Variolink II and Panavia F, whilst for Scotchbond Resin Cement and Enforce there was no statistical difference between the two activation modes. All cements showed a significant increase in their hardness values from 1 hour to 7 days for both activation modes. Of the self-cured groups, Scotchbond Resin Cement and Variolink II presented the highest and the lowest hardness values, respectively, for all three times tested. Within the limitations of this study, up to the time of 24 h, chemical activation alone was unable to promote similar hardness as to that obtained with dual-curing.

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26

Baeza, Alejandro, Carolina Burgos, Julio Alvarez-Builla, and Juan J. Vaquero. "Selective palladium-catalyzed amination of the heterocyclic core of variolins." Tetrahedron Letters 48, no. 14 (April 2007): 2597–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.02.011.

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27

Ertan, Ahmet Atila, Nilufer Celebi Beriat, Mehmet Ali Onur, Gamze Tan, and Murat Cavit Cehreli. "Do Resin Cements Alter Action Potentials of Isolated Rat Sciatic Nerve?" European Journal of Dentistry 05, no. 02 (April 2011): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698880.

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ABSTRACTObjectives: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects dual-cure resin cements on nerve conduction. Methods: Panavia F, RelyX ARC, and Variolink II polymerized either by light-emitting diode (LED) or quartz tungsten halogen (QTH) were used in the study (n=10). The conductance of sciatic nerves of 50 rats were measured before and after contact with the specimens for 1 h. Results: The time-dependent change in nerve conductance and the comparison of LED versus QTH showed that differences between groups are significant (P&.05). For both polymerization techniques, pair-wise comparisons of resin cements showed that the nerve conductance between groups is different (P&.05). RelyX ARC elicited irreversible inhibition of compound action potentials (more than 50% change) and Panavia F and Variolink II polymerized by LED and QTH did not alter nerve conduction beyond physiologic limits. Conclusions: Resin cements may alter nerve conductance and even lead to neurotoxic effects. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:199-205)

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28

Kříž, Jaroslav. "Mandatory Vaccination against Smallpox, Czechoslovakia 1919." Hygiena 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 168–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21101/hygiena.a1401.

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29

Momot, Jacques. "La variole en Seine-Inférieure." Études Normandes 55, no. 3 (2006): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/etnor.2006.1644.

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30

Berche, Patrick. "La menace de la variole." Comptes Rendus Biologies 325, no. 8 (August 2002): 845–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1631-0691(02)01495-6.

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31

Debord, T. "La variole et le bioterrorisme." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 34, no. 1 (January 2004): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medmal.2003.09.009.

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32

Gutt, C. N., J. M. Daume, R. Linker, and V. Paolucci. "VarioLift retraction system for laparoscopy without pneumoperitoneum." Minimally Invasive Therapy & Allied Technologies 7, no. 3 (January 1998): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13645709809152857.

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33

Kluger, Nicolas, and Christine Dissard. "Carcinome basocellulaire sur cicatrice de vaccination variolique." La Presse Médicale 43, no. 3 (March 2014): 332–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lpm.2013.06.022.

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34

Cal, E., EU Celik, and M. Turkun. "Microleakage of IPS Empress 2 Inlay Restorations Luted With Self-adhesive Resin Cements." Operative Dentistry 37, no. 4 (July 1, 2012): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/10-337-l.

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SUMMARY Objective To assess the microleakage of three self-adhesive and one etch-and-rinse resin cements when luting IPS Empress 2 (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein) all-ceramic inlay restorations to the prepared cavities in extracted human molars. Methods The cylindrical Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of 40 extracted human third molars using diamond burs. The IPS Empress 2 ceramic inlays were placed with Multilink Sprint (Ivoclar Vivadent), RelyX Unicem (3M ESPE, USA), G-Cem (GC, Japan), or Variolink II (Ivoclar Vivadent) as the control group. After storage in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours, samples were subjected to 1000 thermal cycles between baths of 5°C and 55°C, with a dwell time of 30 seconds. The microleakage scores were examined on the occlusal and gingival margins at 30× magnification after each sample was stained with 0.5% basic fuchsin and sectioned into three parts using a thin diamond blade (Isomet, Buehler, USA) (n=40). The extent of microleakage on both occlusal and gingival margins of the restorations was scored and recorded. The microleakage data were analyzed using Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests. Results Statistically significant differences were observed between the groups in both margins according to the Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests (p<0.05). Microleakage scores on the occlusal margins were Variolink II < RelyX Unicem < G-Cem = Multilink Sprint. Microleakage scores on the gingival margins are Variolink II = RelyX Unicem < G-Cem < Multilink Sprint. Conclusion Self-adhesive resin cements displayed higher microleakage scores on the occlusal margins, whereas on the gingival margins RelyX Unicem showed comparable microleakage results with the control samples.

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35

Ai, Jun, Long Quan Shao, Shan Yu Zhou, Lin Lin Wang, Chen Hu, Bin Deng, and Ning Wen. "Effect of Resin Cements for Porcelain Veneers on the Color Stability after Accelerated Ageing." Advanced Materials Research 624 (December 2012): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.624.216.

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To assess the color stability of different resin cements after accelerated ageing. Four different resin cements were included in the study (1mm thickness). The resin cements were bonded to ceramic disks (0.5mm thickness) built with the VITABLOCS MARK-Ⅱ ceramic (n=7). All of the samples were stored in 37°C distilled water at dark. Then color measurement were determined using spectrophotometric before and after accelerated ageing in a weathering machine with a total energy of 150kJ/m2. Changes in color (ΔE) were obtained using the CIE Lab system coordinates where a ΔE data above 3 was accepted as visible discoloration. The ΔE of Superbond C&B, RelyX ARC, Variolink Veneer and Tetric Flow were 2.24±0.52, 2.47±0.28, 0.62±0.31 and 0.72±0.31 respectively. The Superbond C&B and RelyX ARC achieved significant higher ΔE than the other groups (P0.05). All of the resin cements assessed in this study show varying degrees of discoloration after accelerated ageing. However, the color change are not beyond the clinical aesthetic demand. And the Tetric Flow and Variolink Veneer demonstrate a higher color stability.

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36

Tétreault, Martin. "Immigration et santé publique : Lowell, Massachusetts, 1865‑1890." Historical Papers 20, no. 1 (April 26, 2006): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/030931ar.

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Résumé Le XIX' siècle nord-américain a connu plusieurs maladies à caractère épidémique au nombre desquelles il faut compter la variole. Cette dernière maladie, à cause de son taux élevé de létalilé et la célérité avec laquelle elle se propage, soulève la crainte parmi les populations. Les villes industrielles de la Nouvelle-Angleterre devront de toute nécessité organiser la lutte contre ces fléaux. Nous étudions spécialement le cas d'une ville du Massachusetts: Lowell entre 1865 et 1890. Cette dernière ville a dû faire face à la menace permanente d'apparition de la variole en raison du fait qu'elle était le point de destination de nombreux immigrants canadiens en provenance de régions où sévissait la variole à Vétat endémique. À Montréal en 1885, la variole prend soudainement les proportions d'une épidémie. Comme cette ville est reliée au nord-est américain par le réseau ferroviaire, le New Hampshire, l'état le plus immédiatement menacé, organisera conjointement avec le U.S. Marine Hospital Service, la protection des états de la Nouvelle-Angleterre.

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Aldryhim, Hanan, Omar El-Mowafy, Peter McDermott, and Anuradha Prakki. "Hardness of Resin Cements Polymerized through Glass-Ceramic Veneers." Dentistry Journal 9, no. 8 (August 9, 2021): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj9080092.

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(1) Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate the hardness of resin cements polymerized through ceramic disks under different process factors (ceramic type and thickness, light-polymerization units and polymerization time); (2) Method: Three types of ceramic blocks were used (IPS e.max CAD; Celtra Duo; VITABLOCS). Ceramic disks measuring 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm were cut from commercial blocks. Two resin cements (Rely X Veneer and Variolink Esthetic) were polymerized through the ceramic specimens using distinct light-polymerization units (Deep-cure; Blue-phase) and time intervals (10 and 20 s). Hardness of cement specimens was measured using microhardness tester with a Knoop indenter. Data were statistically analyzed using factorial ANOVA (α = 5%); (3) Results: Mean microhardness of Rely X Veneer cement was significantly higher than that of Variolink Esthetic. Deep-cure resulted in higher mean microhardness values compared to Blue-phase at 0.5- and 1-mm specimen thicknesses. Moreover, a direct correlation was found between polymerization time and hardness of resin cement; (4) Conclusions: Surface hardness was affected by resin cement type and ceramic thickness, and not affected by ceramic types, within evaluated conditions. Increasing light-polymerization time significantly increased the hardness of the cement.

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Molina, Pedro, Pilar M. Fresneda, Santiago Delgado, and Juan Antonio Bleda. "ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Potent Antitumoral Marine Alkaloid Variolin B." ChemInform 33, no. 23 (May 21, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200223216.

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Bossi, P., D. Garin, B. Combadière, É. Rouleau, S. Rigaudeau, B. Lebrun-Vignes, V. Martinez, B. Autran, and F. Bricaire. "Risque de variole, vaccination et bioterrorisme." La Presse Médicale 34, no. 2 (January 2005): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0755-4982(05)83899-0.

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Öztürk, A. Nilgün, Özgür İnan, Erkan İnan, and Bora Öztürk. "Microtensile Bond Strength of Cad-Cam and Pressed-Ceramic Inlays to Dentin." European Journal of Dentistry 01, no. 02 (April 2007): 091–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1698320.

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ABSTRACTObjectives: CAD-CAM system is popular because of high esthetic and short fabrication time. But, there is limited information available about the microtensile bonding of luting cements to CAD-CAM inlays and to dentin. The aim of this study was to examine the bond strength of CAD-CAM (Cerec 3) and pressed-ceramic (IPS Empress 2) inlays to dentin surface by microtensile testing using two luting cements.Materials and Methods: Standardized mesio-occlusal cavities were made in forty extracted molar teeth. An occlusal reduction of 2 mm was made; the bucco-lingual width of the proximal boxes was 4 mm, the occlusal width 3 mm and the depth of the pulpal and axial walls 2 mm. The proximal boxes were extended 1 mm below the cemento-enamel junction. Teeth were randomly assigned to 2 groups to evaluate the bonding of 2 ceramic systems, Cerec 3 (Group I) and IPS Empress 2 (Group II), to dentin. Each of the 2 groups were further divided into 2 luting cement groups, Panavia F (Group A) and Variolink II (Group B). After cementation, the teeth were sectioned into two 1.2x1.2 mm wide ‘I’ shape sections. The specimens were then subjected to microtensile testing at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Twoway ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests were used to evaluate the results.Results: The mean microtensile bond strengths of Cerec 3 and IPS Empress 2 bonding to dentin with luting agents in MPa were Panavia F (13.98±3.44), Variolink II (14.19±3.12) and Panavia F (15.12±3.15), Variolink II (15.45±3.08) respectively. No significant differences were found among the 2 ceramic systems (P>.05) and 2 luting cements with regard to dentin bond strengths (P>.05).Conlusions: There was no difference found between the dentin bond strength of the Cerec 3 and IPS Empress 2 inlays cemented with two luting cements. (Eur J Dent 2007;2:91-96)

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Fonseca, Renata Garcia, Juliana Gomes dos Santos, and Gelson Luis Adabo. "Influence of activation modes on diametral tensile strength of dual-curing resin cements." Brazilian Oral Research 19, no. 4 (December 2005): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242005000400006.

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In metallic restorations, the polymerization of dual-curing resin cements depends exclusively on chemical activation. The effect of the lack of photoactivation on the strength of these cements has been rarely studied. This study evaluated the influence of activation modes on the diametral tensile strength (DTS) of dual-curing resin cements. Base and catalyst pastes of Panavia F, Variolink II, Scotchbond Resin Cement, Rely X and Enforce were mixed and inserted into cylindrical metal moulds (4 x 2 mm). Cements were either: 1) not exposed to light (chemical activation = self-cured groups) or 2) photoactivated through mylar strips (chemical and photo-activation = dual-cured groups) (n = 10). After a 24 h storage in 37ºC distilled water, specimens were subjected to compressive load in a testing machine. A self-curing resin cement (Cement-It) and a zinc phosphate cement served as controls. Comparative analyses were performed: 1) between the activation modes for each dual-curing resin cement, using Student’s t test; 2) among the self-cured groups of the dual-curing resin cements and the control groups, using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (alpha = 0.05). The dual-cured groups of Scotchbond Resin Cement (53.3 MPa), Variolink II (48.4 MPa) and Rely X (51.6 MPa) showed higher DTS than that of self-cured groups (44.6, 40.4 and 44.5 MPa respectively) (p < 0.05). For Enforce (48.5 and 47.8 MPa) and Panavia F (44.0 and 43.3 MPa), no significant difference was found between the activation modes (p > 0.05). The self-cured groups of all the dual-curing resin cements presented statistically the same DTS as that of Cement-It (44.1 MPa) (p > 0.05), and higher DTS than that of zinc phosphate (4.2 MPa). Scotchbond Resin Cement, Variolink II and Rely X depended on photoactivation to achieve maximum DTS. In the absence of light, all the dual-curing resin cements presented higher DTS than that of zinc phosphate and statistically the same as that of Cement-It (p > 0.05).

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Alqahtani, Fawaz, and Mohammed Alkhurays. "The effect of surface treatment and thermocycling on the shear bond strength of porcelain laminate veneering material cemented with different luting cements." Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 18 (May 29, 2019): e191581. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v18i0.8655468.

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Aim: The study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of different surface treatment and thermocycling on the shear bond strength (SBS) of different dual-/light-cure cements bonding porcelain laminate veneers (PLV). Methods: One hundred and twenty A2 shade lithium disilicate discs were divided into three groups based on the resin cement used and on the pretreatment received and then divided into two subgroups: thermocycling and control. The surface treatment were either micro-etched with aluminium trioxide and 10% hydrofluoric acid or etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid only before cementation. Three dual-cure (Variolink Esthetic (I), RelyX Ultimate (II), and RelyX Unicem (III)) and three light-cure (Variolink Veneer (IV), Variolink Esthetic (V), RelyX Veneer (VI)) resin cements were used for cementation. The SBS of the samples was evaluated and analysed using three -way ANOVA with statistical significant set at α=0.05. Results: For all resin cements tested with different surface treatments, there was a statistically significant difference within resin cements per surface treatment (p<0.05). The shear bond strength in the micro-etch group was significant higher than the acid-etch group (p<0.05) There was statistically significant interaction observed between the surface treatment and thermocycling (p<0.05) as well as the cement and thermocycling(p<0.05). It was observed that the reduction in shear bond strength after thermocycling was more pronounced in the acid etch subgroup as compared to the microetch subgroup. However, the interaction between the three factors: surface treatments, thermocycling and resin cements did not demonstrate statistically significant differences between and within groups (p=0.087). Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present study, it acan be concluded that Dual cure resin cements showed a higher Shear bond strength as compared to light cure resin cements. Thermal cycling significantly decreased the shear bond strength for both ceramic surface treatments. After thermocycling, the specimens with 10% HF surface treatment showed lower shear bond strength values when compared to those treated by sandblasting with Al2O3 particles.

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Luo, Aoxiang, Yao Yao, Li Zhang, and Yuejing Chen. "Influence of different but compatible all-ceramic materials and bonding systems on dentin bonding properties." Materials Express 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2021.1885.

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This study aimed to investigate the effects of various compatible all-ceramic materials and bonding systems, on the bonding properties of dentin. Five types of commonly used all-ceramic materials (Cerec Blocs, IPS e. max Press, IPS e. max ZirCAD, Incoris Alumina, In-Ceram Alumina) were bonded with three types of adhesives (Multilink N, Variolink N, Relyx Unicem) for nuclear porcelain tile preparation. We evaluated the polymerization conversion rates, shear bonding strength (SBS), and micro-tensile bond strength (TBS) for each combination. The polymerization conversion rates, SBS and TBS differed significantly for all 3 adhesives with each all-ceramic group (P < 0.05). The Relyx Unicem agent had higher adhesive properties compared with the Variolink N and Multilink N agents (P < 0.05). The polymerization conversion rate, SBS and TBS of the five all-ceramic materials differed significantly with each adhesive (P < 0.05). The Cerec Blocs had the highest adhesive performance (P < 0.05). The polymerization conversion rate of adhesives differed with each all-ceramic material, while the dentin bonding strength differed with each all-ceramic material and adhesive. Clinically, all-ceramic materials with a high transparency and low refraction are recommended. For opaque all-ceramic restorations, the curing light time and polymerization reaction rate should be increased to improve the dentin bonding performance.

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Lise, DP, J. Perdigão, A. Van Ende, O. Zidan, and GC Lopes. "Microshear Bond Strength of Resin Cements to Lithium Disilicate Substrates as a Function of Surface Preparation." Operative Dentistry 40, no. 5 (September 1, 2015): 524–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/14-240-l.

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SUMMARY Objectives To investigate the effect of hydrofluoric acid (HF) etching, silane solution, and adhesive system application on the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of lithium disilicate glass-ceramic (LD) to three resin cements. Materials and Methods Circular bonding areas were delimited on the lithium disilicate surfaces using a perforated adhesive tape. Specimens were assigned to 18 subgroups (n=12) according to surface treatment: NT = no treatment; HF = 4.8% HF for 20 seconds; silane solution: (1) no silane; (2) Monobond Plus, a silane/10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate solution for 60 seconds; (3) Monobond Plus+ExciTE F DSC, a dual-cure adhesive; and resin cement: (1) Variolink II, a bisphenol A diglycidyl ether dimethacrylate (bis-GMA)–based, hand-mixed, dual-cure resin cement; (2) Multilink Automix, a bis-GMA–based, auto-mixed, dual-cure resin cement; (3) RelyX Unicem 2, a self-adhesive, auto-mixed, dual-cure resin cement. Tygon tubes (Ø=0.8 mm) were used as cylinder matrices for resin cement application. After 24 hours of water storage, the specimens were submitted to the μSBS test. Mode of failure was evaluated under an optical microscope and classified as adhesive, mixed, cohesive in resin cement, or cohesive in ceramic. Data were statistically analyzed with three-way analysis of variance and Dunnett test (p<0.05). Results When means were pooled for the factor surface treatment, HF resulted in a significantly higher μSBS than did NT (p<0.0001). Regarding the use of a silane solution, the mean μSBS values obtained with Monobond Plus and Monobond Plus+ExciTE F DSC were not significantly different but were higher than those obtained with no silane (p<0.001). Considering the factor resin cement, Variolink II resulted in a significantly higher mean μSBS than did RelyX Unicem 2 (p<0.03). The mean μSBS for Multilink Automix was not significantly different from those of Variolink II and RelyX Unicem 2. According to Dunnett post hoc test (p<0.05), there was no significant difference in μSBS between the different resin cements for HF-etched and silanized (with or without adhesive application) LD surfaces. Conclusion LD may benefit from pretreatment of the inner surface with HF and silanization, regardless of the resin cement used.

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Jorland, Gérard. "La variole et la guerre de 1870." Les Tribunes de la santé 33, no. 4 (2011): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/seve.033.0025.

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Jahiling, P. B. "Premier modèle animal de la variole humaine." Revue Française des Laboratoires 2004, no. 368 (December 2004): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0338-9898(04)80008-8.

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Bricaire, F., and P. Bossi. "Stratégies vaccinales contre la variole en France." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 34, no. 1 (January 2004): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medmal.2003.03.003.

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TUMSCITZ, Daniela Bastos, Laisa Araujo Cortines LAXE, Aislan Cristina Rheder Fagundes PASCOAL, Raphael HIRATA JUNIOR, and Renata Ximenes LINS. "Cytotoxicity of three light-cured resin cements on 3T3 fibroblasts." Revista de Odontologia da UNESP 46, no. 4 (August 10, 2017): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.16316.

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Abstract Introduction Light-cured resin cements are the first choice for the cementation of laminate veneers. Ideally, they should be biocompatible and offer minimum risks to patients. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the cytotoxicity of three resin cements: Variolink II, Ivoclar Vivadent (C1), Allcem Veneer, FGM (C2), and Rely X Veneer, 3M ESPE (C3). Material and method Twenty four samples of each of the cements were fabricated in a standardized metal mold, light activated, and transferred to a 96-well cell plate with culture of fibroblasts. After 24, 48, and 72h of incubation, cytotoxicity was assessed and cell viability was calculated by the methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric assay. Absorbance was measured at 570 nm using a microplate spectrophotometer. Result The following results were found: Variolink II presented viability of 72.24% (SD 6.80) after 24h, 83.92% (SD 5.26) after 48h, and 92.77% (SD 5.59) after 72h; Allcem Veneer exhibited viability of 70.46% (SD 12.91) after 24h, 85.03% (SD 21.4) after 48h, and 70.46% (SD 12.91) after 72h; Rely X Veneer showed viability of 5.06% (SD 0.88) after 24h, 5.84% (SD 1.18) after 48h, and 6.99% (SD 1.34) after 72h. Conclusion Under these testing conditions, Rely X Veneer presented significantly higher cytotoxicity compared with those of the other light-cured resin cements assessed.

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Gavranović-Glamoč, Alma, Muhamed Ajanović, Samra Korać, Selma Zukić, Sanela Strujić-Porović, Alma Kamber-Ćesir, Lejla Kazazić, and Emir Berhamović. "Evaluation of the water sorption of luting cements in different solutions." Acta Medica Academica 46, no. 2 (January 11, 2018): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/ama2006-124.197.

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<div class="WordSection1"><p><strong>Objective. </strong>To evaluate and compare the water sorption of three luting cements in three different solutions: distilled water and artificial saliva with different pH values (7.4 and 3.0). <strong>Materials and methods</strong>. Resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (GC Fuji Plus) and two resin cements (Multilink Automix and Variolink II) were used. A total of 45 specimens - 15 specimens (15x1 mm) for each cement were prepared according to ISO standard 4049:2009. The water sorptions of the cements were calculated by weighing the specimens before and after immersion and desiccation. <strong>Results. </strong>Nonparametric statistic methods were applied. GC Fuji Plus cement showed significantly higher values of water sorption in all three solutions of both resin cements (p<0.009) and significantly higher values of sorption in artificial saliva pH 3.0. Multilink Automix showed significantly higher values of water sorption compared with Variolink II in artificial saliva pH 7.4, and higher values of sorption in this solution compared with pH value 3.0. <strong>Con- clusion. </strong>Water sorption values are mainly influenced by the proportion of hydrophilic matrix, the type and composition of filler, and the pH value of solutions.</p></div>

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Gordilho, Antonio Carlos, Denis Mauro Oliveira Swerts, Milton Edson Miranda, Letícia Cidreira Boaro, and William Cunha Brandt. "Degree of conversion and cohesive strength of conventional dual resin and self-adhesive cements by using of different forms of activation." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 9 (July 24, 2021): e20910917850. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i9.17850.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of conversion (DC) and cohesive strength (CS) of two conventional resin cements and a self-adhesive resin cement using different forms of activation. Two conventional dual resin cements (Variolink II and RelyX ARC) and a self-adhesive resin cement were polymerized in three different ways of activation, namely Chemically Activated (CA), Light Activated with Interposition of a resin disc (LI) and Light-Activated (L). The DC was evaluated using Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy - FTIR (Spectrum 100). In the CS test, the samples were tested until fracture in a universal testing machine (Instron 4411). The mean values obtained in the DC and CS tests were evaluated using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (cement and activation) and Tukey test (p≤0.05). Irrespective of the activation mode, RelyX ARC showed the highest DC values, RelyX U200, the lowest values, and Variolink II intermediate values. Group L always had higher for DC and CS values than group CA. Among the resin cements, irrespective of the activation mode, there were no differences in CS values. The chemical activation mode of dual resin cements led to lower DC and CS values. RelyX ARC cement had the highest DC values and RelyX U200 cement the lowest values, however, in relation to CS, there were no differences.

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