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1

Gilquin, Gaëtanelle. "Automatic retrieval of syntactic structures." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 7, no. 2 (2002): 183–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.7.2.03gil.

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The study of complex grammatical patterns tends to be neglected by corpus linguists, the main reason being that such phenomena are much more difficult to extract from a corpus than simple words or tags. I demonstrate in this article that, although the desirable parsed corpora and appropriate software are not always available, the retrieval of syntactic structures can be automated to a certain extent. A number of corpus-based grammatical analyses, as well as a pilot study of causative structures with make, illustrate the various alternative strategies that can be used to this effect.
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2

Sarwandi, Kasmei, and Lubis Yani. "Exploring Language Sound and Structures." Madani: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin 1, no. 6 (2023): 153–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8113947.

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This journal article offers a thorough examination of language sounds and structures with a special emphasis on the complex interaction between phonetics and phonology. The study looks into how various grammatical structures and sound systems are used by various languages to improve communication and convey meaning. The study starts with a look at the basic units of language sounds, called phonemes, and explores the many articulatory processes involved in their generation. It investigates how phonetic traits like voicing, prosody, and place and manner of articulation contribute to the wide var
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3

Zhu, Ruiheng. "Grammatical Mechanism in Environmental Discourse: An Ecolinguistics Study of Voice, Nominalization and Metaphor." Journal of Linguistics and Communication Studies 3, no. 3 (2024): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/jlcs.2024.09.07.

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Against the backdrop of growing global attention to environmental issues, language, as a key tool for constructing environmental awareness, plays an indispensable role. This study explores the role of three grammatical structures, namely passive voice, active voice, and nominalization, in environmental discourse. Based on foregrounding theory, transitivity analysis, grammatical metaphor, and green grammar, this research conducts a case analysis of environmental discourse about various environmental topics, demonstrating how grammatical structures shape the transmission of information and the c
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Rakhimova, E.F. "GRAMMATICAL PROBLEMS OF RENDERING POLITICAL TEXTS FROM ENGLISH INTO UZBEK." International journal of advanced research in education, technology and management 2, no. 4 (2023): 155–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7806464.

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The translation process of political literature from one language into another is inevitable without necessary grammatical transformations (change of structure). It gets great importance while making translation to add or omit some words since the structures of languages are quite different. Grammatical transformations are characterized by various principles – grammatical, and lexical as well, though the principal role is given to grammatical ones. Very often these grammatical changes are mixed so that they have lexical-grammatical character.
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Jia, Junwen. "Grammatical structures and metaphorical content in Chinese idioms." Philology. Issues of Theory and Practice 16, no. 10 (2023): 3455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30853/phil20230532.

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The aim of this research is to clarify the typology and relationship of grammatical structures and metaphorical expressions within Chinese idioms. In this study, a corpus of 30,000 Chinese idioms was compiled from various idiom dictionaries, and 1,000 idioms were randomly selected, annotated, and categorized based on their internal syntactic structures, grammatical functions in sentences, metaphor types, and metaphorical content for statistical analysis. The innovation of the research lies in employing a corpus to conduct a quantitative analysis of the prevalent syntactic structures and the mo
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Hui Lin, Teh, Lee Geok Imm, Vahid Nimehchisalem, and Ain Nadzimah Abdullah. "PATTERNS OF GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURES OF STANCE IN ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAYS BY L2 MALAYSIAN UNDERGRADUATES." Journal of Language and Communication 12, no. 1 (2025): 125–48. https://doi.org/10.47836/jlc.12.01.07.

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At tertiary institutions, undergraduate students are required to possess academic language features to express their stance in argumentative writing. However, the L2 undergraduate students lack competency in employing various grammatical structures to construct stance. They tend to use repetitive and similar structures in their writing. With the aim to gain more insights into patterns of use of grammatical structures in L2 academic writing, this study analysed the distributional patterns of use of grammatical structures in 100 argumentative essays by the L2 first-year undergraduate students in
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Abdallah, Hana, and Siti Salwa Mohd Noor. "The Importance of Grammatical Competence for Non-Arabic Speakers in Constructing Correct Structures." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. XII (2025): 1631–43. https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.8120139.

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Grammatical competence is essential for tertiary students, as it is necessary for creating reports and completing other academic tasks. It refers to the ability to assess the accuracy and appropriateness of a statement based on established grammatical rules. This research aims to assess the impact of grammatical competence on enhancing communicative abilities for non-Arabic speakers. To achieve this, the researchers developed three online tools: a questionnaire, interviews, and pre- and post-tests. They employed both descriptive survey and quasi-experimental methods. The sample consisted of 60
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SRIDHARAN, PRASANNA, and MATTHEW I. CAMPBELL. "A study on the grammatical construction of function structures." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 19, no. 3 (2005): 139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060405050110.

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Function structures are used during conceptual engineering design to transform the customer requirements into specific functional tasks. Although they are usually constructed from a well-understood black-box description of an artifact, there is no clear approach or formal set of rules that guide the creation of function structures. To remedy the unclear formation of such structures and to provide the potential for automated reasoning of such structures, a graph grammar is developed and implemented. The grammar can be used by a designer to explore various solutions to a conceptual design proble
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9

Bashlueva, Natalya. "The production of language signs and their role in improving the effectiveness of foreign language teaching." Applied psychology and pedagogy 8, no. 3 (2023): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2500-0543-2023-8-3-78-91.

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The purpose of the study is to investigate the conditions and patterns that are involved in the production of new language signs in the communication process. The article discusses two main models of the production of sign-forming structures. The first model includes grammatical structures, the second we will call "semi-finished signs". The methodology of teaching a foreign language requires a clear understanding of the process of producing sign-forming structures and their interaction. Grammatical structure is the foundation of any language sign. A language sign represents words, syntagmas, s
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10

Monogarova, A. G., and M. N. Latu. "LANGUAGE REPRESENTATION OF SUBJECT AND OBJECT RELATIONS BETWEEN THE ELEMENTS OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE (BASED ON DEFINITIONS OF TERMS OF DEVELOPING PROFESSIONAL FIELDS)." Juvenis scientia, no. 11 (2018): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32415/jscientia.2018.11.12.

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The paper presents the most common patterns of representation of subject and object relations in the definitions of terms, and identifies the ways of implementing subject relations between elements of scientific knowledge in active and passive structures that are part of the structure of applied models of organization of scientific knowledge. In addition, the article raises the question of the potential of various grammatical structures in the context of the transfer of subject and object relations. The results of the study show that system relation S can be represented by lexical and grammati
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Smolej, Mojca. "Eliptične strukture in njihove metabesedilne vloge." Jezik in slovstvo 52, no. 3-4 (2024): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/jis.52.3-4.67-78.

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In addition to various lexical, prosodic and other linguistic elements, grammatical or syntactic structures also reveal metatextuality. The most noticeable are various elliptical structures in which the verb is partially or fully omitted. Verbless or partially verbless structures occur in a variety of metadiscourse functions: they show the speaker's attitude to the content and the listener, foreground the content, announce different degrees of textual structure, and bring the textual world closer to the listener.
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BERBERYAN, VALTER. "FROM THE HISTORY GRAMMATICAL STYLISTICS." JOURNAL FOR ARMENIAN STUDIES 3, no. 62 (2023): 66–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/journalforarmenianstudies.v3i62.59.

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It is customary to stop at a moment in the course of the development of linguistics and to summarize the achievements with an examination point of view. Armenian stylistic thought has been developing for more than half a century. Theoretical monographs, various articles have been written, and it is time to show a clear analytical attitude. Especially if we take into account the rapid development of stylistics and speech culture, then, we think, it is necessary to bring together the existing ones with certain assessments. Scientists examine phonetic, lexical, and grammatical stylistics separate
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Putri, Dilla Aisyanna, Andrian Nuriza Johan, and Sri Widodo. "Analysis of Grammatical Errors in Narrative Texts of English Lessons for Grade XI of Purworejo State Islamic Senior High School in the 2024/2025 Academic Year." JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan 8, no. 6 (2025): 5591–99. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v8i6.7982.

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Narrative text is an important part of English learning, especially at the Madrasah Aliyah level. In this context, the analysis of grammatical errors in narrative texts aims to identify errors that are often made by students and how they affect the quality of their writing. In general, grammatical errors in narrative texts at the high school level involve various aspects, such as the use of tenses, verbs, sentence structures, and prepositions. These errors can occur due to students' lack of understanding of correct grammar rules, carelessness when writing, or direct translation from Indonesian
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14

Saidrasulova, Shaxnoza. "APPLYING VARIOUS TEACHING METHODS IN CLASSES FOR MIXED-ABILITY STUDENTS." Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences 4, no. 24 (2024): 155–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14208954.

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<em>The primary aim of this article is to present a method for teaching English in mixed-ability classes. This approach, based on my teaching experience, emphasizes simultaneously focusing on both syntagmatic and paradigmatic language relations. Although memorizing lengthy vocabulary lists and teaching grammatical rules can often be seen as tedious, they remain essential for learners. Given that there is a significant amount of material to cover in a limited time, reading texts are broken down into phrasal-level syntagms. As a pre-reading activity, students receive lists of these syntagms alon
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Nunnanova, Gulshaydo. "LINGUISTIC MEANS OF EXPRESSING EVALUATION AND VALUE: LEXICAL, GRAMMATICAL, PHRASEMIC, AND PRAGMATIC APPROACHES." TAMADDUN NURI JURNALI 3, no. 66 (2025): 210–13. https://doi.org/10.69691/xe7xv480.

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This article explores the linguistic means of expressing evaluation and value through lexical, grammatical, phrasemic, and pragmatic approaches. It examines how different linguistic structures contribute to evaluative expressions and how they function across various contexts.
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16

Janković, Ljiljana. "ALTERNATIVES IN TRANSLATING CERTAIN GRAMMATICAL STRUCTURES FROM ENGLISH INTO SERBIAN 2." Philologia Mediana 16, no. 16 (2024): 571–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.46630/phm.16.2024.40.

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This paper analyses several syntactic structures (English passive forms, non-fi- nite clauses, clefts) in the EFL tertiary-level students’ translations from English to Serbian and the various translation alternatives.The selection of this topic was determined by the author’s long experience in teaching grammar and translation to the tertiary-level students of English at the Faculty of Philosophy, University of Niš. This teaching experience has initiated a particular interest in the students’ linguistic performance when using certain structures that differ from the structures in their mother to
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17

Mohamed Hashim Mohesan, Asst Prof. "Expressions of probability in Spanish language and their translation into Arabic (Empirical study)." لارك 2, no. 50 (2023): 629–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/lark.vol2.iss50.3034.

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The probability is considered one of the grammatical cases in all languages of the world. Expressions of probability in Spanish language are expressed by various structures, expressions and some verb tenses. By this study explains the grammatical cases, the verbal periphrases, the impersonal expressions, the future tenses (simple and perfect) and the conditional mode of probability in Spanish language .We have explains these cases in detail with examples that have extracted from various spanish grammar books .The specific objective of this study is to know the resources and constructions of pr
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18

Andriani, Erina. "Scrutinizing Grammatical Challenges within Indonesian-developed Mobile Game: ‘Code Atma’." LET: Linguistics, Literature and English Teaching Journal 12, no. 2 (2022): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/let.v12i2.6629.

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The use of another language can cause barriers to transferring ideas from one language to another, such as grammatical challenges. It happens when the structures for delivering information are different within languages. Grammatical challenges can also occur for Indonesian EFL users. To combat this, various media are continuously developed to assist with language learning and give exposure to the English language in use. Games are an example of excellent learning sources that provide texts, descriptions, and stories. However, games might not be developed by natives and could potentially contai
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19

Su, Yi (Esther), and Letitia R. Naigles. "Comprehension of core grammar in diverse samples of Mandarin-acquiring preschool children with ASD." Autism, Language, Communication and Cognition 4, no. 1 (2022): 52–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/elt.00038.su.

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Abstract In this review, we summarize studies investigating comprehension of three core grammatical structures (Subject-Verb-Object word order, grammatical aspect and wh-questions) in diverse samples of Mandarin-acquiring preschoolers with ASD, all utilizing the Intermodal Preferential Looking (IPL) paradigm. Results showed that children with ASD, though they were delayed in chronological age and expressive language (including significantly lower vocabulary production scores), acquired various grammatical constructions similarly to their typically developing peers. Moreover, Mandarin-acquiring
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20

Rull, Addi, Tõnu Tamme, and Leo Võhandu. "A Structural and Grammatical Analysis of the Estonian Constitution." Baltic Journal of European Studies 6, no. 2 (2016): 76–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjes-2016-0013.

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Abstract The authors propose a novel quantitative method to analyse the structure of legal texts. The method enables to determine grammatical similarity between legal texts. The authors use the external theory of fundamental rights to separate the text of fundamental rights of the Estonian Constitution into two categories of norms: constitutional rights and restrictions. Grammatical similarity between constitutional rights, restrictions and selected legal acts and case law is measured. The layer of special norms renders the best grammatical similarity with the text of fundamental rights. The s
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21

Stefanowitsch, Anatol, and Stefan Th Gries. "Collostructions: Investigating the interaction of words and constructions." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 8, no. 2 (2003): 209–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.8.2.03ste.

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This paper introduces an extension of collocational analysis that takes into account grammatical structure and is specifically geared to investigating the interaction of lexemes and the grammatical constructions associated with them. The method is framed in a construction-based approach to language, i.e. it assumes that grammar consists of signs (form-meaning pairs) and is thus not fundamentally different from the lexicon. The method is applied to linguistic expressions at various levels of abstraction (words, semi-fixed phrases, argument structures, tense, aspect and mood). The method has two
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Tarasiuk, Nataliia, Svitlana Podplota, Liliia Kaluzhska, and Nataliia Osets’ka. "Civil engineering students’ English language lexico-grammatical competence formation in reading." Revista Amazonia Investiga 12, no. 63 (2023): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2023.63.03.16.

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The current study compared two instructional approaches to supporting reading comprehension and lexico-grammatical competence in instruction of English for Specific Purposes for Civil Engineering students. The first instructional approach was structured according to students’ content domain knowledge, using sketch construction technical drawings and information, and included simultaneous learning of different language structures in each content topic. The second instructional approach was systematically structured according to language domains and included step by step mastering of various lan
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Holmquist, Kelly. "Shifting meanings, forgotten meanings: metaphor as a force for language change." DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 22, spe (2006): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-44502006000300008.

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All living languages are in a constant state of evolution. Metaphorical usage is an important driving factor in that process of evolution; the blending of concepts within metaphor leads to the diversification of the reference of words used metaphorically. It can occur that a metaphorical usage becomes conventionalized. This, in turn, leads to shifts in the meanings of those words. Metaphorical usage can occur in a variety of forms, including metonymy, synecdoche, and euphemism. The effects of metaphorical usage-and the closely related figure, simile-can even be seen in the evolution of the gra
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Haty, Khurnia, and Asih Ria Ningsih. "Ambiguitas Makna dalam Bab IV Perkawinan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata Indonesia." Lingua Franca 4, no. 1 (2025): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.37680/linguafranca.v4i1.7032.

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This research examines linguistic ambiguity in Chapter IV on Marriage in the Indonesian Civil Code (KUHPerdata), highlighting how unclear legal language leads to multiple interpretations. The study aims to identify the forms and meanings of ambiguity present in the chapter. Using a qualitative descriptive method, data were collected through a listening technique and analyzed using the intralingual equivalence method. Findings reveal that ambiguity still occurs in various articles, resulting from grammatical and lexical issues. A total of 46 ambiguous articles were identified, consisting of 34
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Teubert, Wolfgang. "Sinclair, pattern grammar and the question of hatred." Words, grammar, text: revisiting the work of John Sinclair 12, no. 2 (2007): 223–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.12.2.08teu.

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The view of pattern grammar is that syntactic structures and lexical items are co-selected and that grammatical categories begin to align very closely with semantic distinctions. While this is certainly a valid position when analysing the phenomenon of collocation, it does not really solve the problem for open choice issues. Not all language use can be subsumed under the idiom principle. The noun hatred, for instance, can co-occur with any discourse object for which hatred can be expressed. It can also co-occur with other lexical items standing for various circumstantial aspects. The grammatic
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Grudeva, E. V., and S. A. Soloveva. "Common grammatical errors made by Turkmen learners of Russian as a foreign language (insights from the Russian Learner Corpus)." Uchenye Zapiski Kazanskogo Universiteta Seriya Gumanitarnye Nauki 167, no. 1 (2025): 105–16. https://doi.org/10.26907/2541-7738.2025.1.105-116.

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The problem of dealing with typical grammatical errors made by foreign learners of Russian has been a continuous pursuit in the field of Russian teaching and learning. Its possible solutions include adapting educational materials to make grammar easier to digest and developing more efficient teaching strategies and methods to overcome barriers to mastering Russian grammar. This article overviews some common grammatical errors in the Russian speech of various categories of Turkmen students, identifies the causes for their occurrence, and suggests ways to prevent them. With this aim, a mixed-met
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Albanna, Zyad A. Abdussamad. "The Functional Value of Morphological and Grammatical Movement." Journal of AlMaarif University College, no. 32(1) (January 27, 2021): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51345/.v32i1.315.g186.

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Arabic is one of the synthetic languages, and it is one of the most languages that branch into various sciences and departments. Among these sciences is semantics, which is a wide-area science, intertwined with parts, broadening relationships with other linguistic, structural, and structural linguistic levels, in addition to its relations with many human sciences and knowledge such as philosophy, jurisprudence, and science. Speech, and others, and specialized in Arabic features that made it known and clearly defined among other languages, and among these features are movement and what it perfo
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28

Hulstijn, Jan H. "Verwervingsvolgordes van Grammatische Structuren een Kritische Bespreking van de Theorie van Pienemann." Taalverwerving in onderzoek 30 (January 1, 1988): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.30.02hul.

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This paper critically examines Pienemann's theory of second-language acquisition orders. The paper raises methodological as well as theoretical issues: the validity of the acquisition order found by Clahsen, Meisel &amp; Pienemann (1983), evidence for this order from longitudinal research, evidence from learners with various mother tongues, the relation between language production and language comprehension, and predictions concerning other linguistic structures than the ones dealt with in the 1983 study. The paper focuses in particular on Pienemann's recent claim (1987b), that the acquisition
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Kdirbaevna, Abdireymova Dilorom. "Comparative Study of Pronouns in Russian And Karakalpak Languages." American Journal of Philological Sciences 5, no. 5 (2025): 126–28. https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/volume05issue05-33.

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This article presents a comparative analysis of pronouns in Russian and Karakalpak, two typologically distinct languages. While Russian, a Slavic Indo-European language, utilizes an inflectional system marked by grammatical gender and extensive case usage, Karakalpak, a member of the Turkic language family, features agglutinative morphology and gender-neutral structures. The study explores various categories of pronouns including personal, possessive, demonstrative, reflexive, interrogative, indefinite, and relative pronouns. Through this comparison, key differences and similarities are highli
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Boldyrev, N. N. "GRAMMATICAL SCHEMAS OF SECONDARY LINGUISTIC INTERPRETATION." Voprosy Kognitivnoy Lingvistiki, no. 4 (2021): 22–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20916/1812-3228-2021-4-22-34.

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The author analyses grammatical forms of linguistic cognition which are used for primary and secondary interpretation of the world in the process of its mental construal in language, i.e. cognitive schemas of direct interpretation of variety of objects, events and of their characteristics as they are perceived in the world around (primary interpretation), on the one hand, and those of interpretation of previously gained and verbalized conventional knowledge about the world, on the other. He argues that structuring world and world knowledge in the processes of conceptualization and categorizati
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Bozdağ, Fatih Ünal. "Morphological Structuring of Search Domains in Turkish Embedded Locative Constructions." Dilbilim Araştırmaları Dergisi 36, no. 1 (2025): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.18492/dad.1599002.

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This investigation examines the structural mechanisms governing spatial encoding in Turkish nested locative constructions within Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar theoretical framework. The morphological system manifests implicit cognitive operations through the complex interplay of case morphemes, relativization structures, and possessive markers. This analysis comprehensively demonstrates how Turkish grammar instantiates multiple search domains, specificity predication, and reference point chaining while preserving conceptual accessibility. Complex nested constructions exhibit systematic process
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Taib, Alokozay, and Mohammad Usman Solizay. "Morphological and Semantical Effects of Phonemes on Pashto Lexical Structures." Sprin Multidisciplinary Journal in Pashto, Persian & English 1, no. 02 (2023): 01–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.55559/smjppe.v1i02.200.

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Phonemes and segments are the key elements in the structure of Pashto words, playing an important role similar to other languages worldwide. Through the combination and arrangement of these segments, numerous morphemes and diverse words are generated. When assigning a vowel or consonant to the origin or base form of a word, it leads to the creation of new words and constructions that possess different forms, meanings, and belong to various grammatical categories. Structurally, at least one, two, three, or a maximum of four bound morphemes in the form of segments or phonemes could be added to t
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Veni Roza, Melyann Melani, and Muhammad Riko Yohansyah Zulfahmi. "Grammatical Gaps in Student Translations: Analyzing English-Indonesian Translation in Academic Projects." REiLA : Journal of Research and Innovation in Language 6, no. 1 (2024): 38–58. https://doi.org/10.31849/reila.v6i1.15851.

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Translating messages across languages while maintaining grammatical equivalence presents significant challenges, often resulting in deviations. These deviations stem from differences in grammatical structures between the source and target languages. This qualitative research study aimed to analyze the translation outputs of students enrolled in an English-Indonesian translation course, with a primary focus on grammatical equivalence indicators. The study encompassed 70 students across two parallel classes, resulting in a total of 70 documents available for analysis. The data were collected fro
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Nomachi, Motoki. "Contact-induced grammatical (non)changes? Observations of morphosyntactic structures in the Kashubian dialect in Canada." Juznoslovenski filolog 74, no. 1 (2018): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi1801013n.

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This article considers the context of language contact and discusses four typologically relevant morphosyntactic features (definite and indefinite articles, the merger of instrumental and comitative cases, and the non-pro-drop tendency) and their possible changes in the Kashubian dialect in Canada. A comparison of the data on the Kashubian dialect recorded in Prussia during the mid-19th century by Hilferding and in the present-day by the author in the Renfrew area (Ontario, Canada) revealed no significant difference, even though the Kashubian spoken in the area has undergone various innovation
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35

Iroda, Khajieva, and Iskandarova Risolat. "Identifying Grammatical Issues in Translation: Methods and Prospects for Technical Education Students." SHS Web of Conferences 210 (2025): 04002. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202521004002.

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This article explores methods for identifying grammatical issues in translations by students of technical education, with a focus on the challenges presented by specialized vocabulary and grammar structures in technical texts. It reviews various tools and methodologies, such as software tools and peer reviews, designed to enhance students’ translation skills. The study discusses common errors like tense confusion and subject-verb agreement, while offering solutions for improving grammatical accuracy in technical translations. The importance of grammar in maintaining meaning, precision, and cla
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Mithun, Marianne. "Grammar, Contact and Time." Journal of Language Contact 1, no. 1 (2007): 144–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000000007792548378.

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AbstractA continuing issue in work on language contact has been determining the relative borrowability of various structural features. It is easy to imagine, for example, how a tendency to use particular word order patterns in one language might be replicated by bilinguals in another, but difficult to understand how abstract morphological structures could be transferred. When we look at linguistic areas, however, we often find grammatical features shared by genetically unrelated languages that seem unborrowable. Here we consider the importance of adding the dimension of time to investigations
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37

Khachatryan, Anna, and Markuhi Voskanyan. "Grammatical Features of Translating Bilateral International Treaties." Translation Studies: Theory and Practice 2, no. 1 (3) (2022): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/tstp/2022.2.1.005.

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The article focuses on the study of some grammatical and structural aspects of international treaties discussing the problems of their equivalent conveyance from English into Armenian. In particular, the article is aimed at studying the use of certain syntactic structures, passive constructions, modal verbs and other grammatical features of international treaties which frequently undergo transformations in the process of translation due to substantial differences between the English and Armenian language systems. To this end, the following methods have been applied: comparative and contrastive
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Teston-Bonnard, Sandra. "Règles d’ordre des éléments Non Régis." Ordre des mots et topologie de la phrase française 29, no. 1 (2006): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.29.1.16tes.

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In the first part of the paper we give an overwiew of a natural syntactic class of constituents defined by means of a specific set of criteria : the “non régis” (NR) (non integrated in the grammatical structure of the utterance). This class, gathers, various kinds of grammatical units of non canonical syntactic status in traditional descriptions : sentence adverbials, appositions, interjections, non canonical subordinate clauses, discourse particles… In the second part of the paper we show that, contrary to current assumptions, these linguistic units are not randomly combined with the core ele
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Viveros-Muñoz, Rhoddy, José Carrasco-Sáez, Carolina Contreras-Saavedra, Sheny San-Martín-Quiroga, and Carla E. Contreras-Saavedra. "Does the Grammatical Structure of Prompts Influence the Responses of Generative Artificial Intelligence? An Exploratory Analysis in Spanish." Applied Sciences 15, no. 7 (2025): 3882. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15073882.

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Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed personal and professional domains by enabling creative content generation and problem-solving. However, the influence of users’ grammatical abilities on AI-generated responses remains unclear. This exploratory study examines how language and grammar abilities in Spanish affect the quality of responses from ChatGPT (version 3.5). Despite the robust performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in various tasks, they face challenges with grammatical moods specific to non-English languages, such as the subjunctive in Spanish. Higher education
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Gorbunova, Viktoriya A. "Ways of expressing comparison in the Ulch language." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 2 (2023): 286–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/83/22.

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The paper summarizes the mechanisms used in the Ulch language to denote comparison as a broad cognitive category. Referring to numerous studies of various languages, the author examines a variety of possible comparative relations between objects and events and divides them into four types: comparative and superlative (inequality group), equative and simulative (equality group). Each type features a set of linguistic means used to verbalize a specific degree of similarity or superiority, including syntactic constructions, grammatical markers, and lexical units. The analysis has revealed that al
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Perovic, Alexandra, Katie Levy, Inès Aertsen, and Andrea Baldacchino. "Bilingualism Does Not Hinder Grammatical Development in Down Syndrome: Evidence from a Sentence Repetition Task." Behavioral Sciences 15, no. 6 (2025): 791. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15060791.

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Despite the growing number of bilinguals worldwide, research on how bilingualism influences grammatical development in children with learning disabilities remains limited. This may be due to challenges in assessing language in these children, given the heterogeneity of their disabilities, lack of appropriate tools, and variability in language background and exposure common in bilingual populations. This pilot study investigates grammatical abilities in bilingual versus monolingual children with Down syndrome using the LITMUS Sentence Repetition Task, specifically designed for bilingual populat
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Misago, Manoah-Joël, Epimaque Nshimirimana, and Pascal Tuyubahe. "Usages grammaticaux du verbe -guma ‘rester’ en kirundi (JD62) : Une étude linguistique basée sur un corpus." Language in Africa 2, no. 1 (2021): 3–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2686-8946-2021-2-1-3-40.

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In Bantu languages, verbs that have a general meaning can become grammaticalized. The purpose of this study is to show that in Kirundi (JD62), the variant spoken in Burundi, the stative verb -guma ‘to stay’ can appear in given morphosyntactic structures to contribute to the production of various grammatical semantics. This article, examines the different grammatical uses of -guma based on one corpus of Kirundi texts from BantUgent. According to corpus data three grammatical uses of the verb could be identified: continuity, regularity and gradual process. First of all, the verb -guma (used as a
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Good, Jeff. "Paradigmatic complexity in pidgins and creoles." Word Structure 8, no. 2 (2015): 184–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2015.0081.

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The last decade has seen increasing attention paid to questions of grammatical complexity, in particular regarding the extent to which some languages can be said to be more ‘complex’ than others, whether globally or with respect to particular subsystems. Creoles have featured prominently in these debates, with various authors arguing that they are particularly simple when set against non-creoles, with an apparent lack of overt morphology in creoles often cited as one of the ways in which their grammars are especially simplified. This paper makes two contributions to this discussion. First, it
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Zuhra, Rana May, Puspita Maharani, Rahayu Wulandari, Muhammad Faiz, Hawa Alfina Salsabila, and Siti Ismahani. "EXPLORING SYNTAX VARIATIONS IN BILINGUAL CODE-SWITCHING: AN ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH-MIXED STRUCTURES." KLAUSA (Kajian Linguistik, Pembelajaran Bahasa, dan Sastra) 8, no. 2 (2024): 64–76. https://doi.org/10.33479/klausa.v8i2.1106.

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This study explores syntactic variations in bilingual code-switching, focusing on Englishmixed structures. Code-switching, the shift between two languages within a single conversation or discourse, frequently occurs in multilingual settings and can be influenced by various linguistic and social factors. The aim of this research is to analyze patterns and syntactic structures in sentences containing a mixture of English and another language, revealing how simultaneous use of two languages creates unique sentence structures. Using a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews, the study involv
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Bors, Monica, and Anca Ignat. "Facebookland: the bizarro-linguistic world." Alea: Estudos Neolatinos 21, no. 3 (2019): 211–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-106x/2019213211226.

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Abstract This article investigates the dynamics of contemporary Romanian, focusing on various linguistic structures typically used on social network sites, through which the specific content and interaction strategies are being deployed in virtual communities. The article is part of a larger project devoted to the study of linguistic impoverishment (affecting both the vocabulary and the grammatical structure of the language), social networks being only one of the areas where these “uglified” linguistic structures come from: the mass-media (both print and broadcast), advertising (outdoor, indoo
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Mäkisalo, Jukka, and Marjatta Lehtinen. "Voimadynamiikan kognitiivinen merkitysrakenne ja sen säilyminen käännettäessä." Mikael: Kääntämisen ja tulkkauksen tutkimuksen aikakauslehti 12 (April 1, 2019): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.61200/mikael.129366.

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This article demonstrates that cognitive linguistics – and here particularly cognitive semantics – can be effectively used in the description of translating and translation. We focus here on the cognitive structure of Force Dynamics that describes various relations of force between entities in semantics. 12 English clauses with Force Dynamics in their semantics and their 28 different translated versions in Finnish are analysed using Leonard Talmy’s (2000) concepts and theory on Cognitive Semantics. As earlier, this study confirms that cognitive semantic structures are retained more often than
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Dumchak, Iryna, and Sofiia Shemerliuk. "LANGUAGE TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE PROCESS OF TRANSLATION OF ENGLISH PROSE INTO UKRAINIAN (ON THE BASIS OF THE COLM TOIBIN’S NOVEL ‘HOUSE OF NAMES’)." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 10(78) (2020): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2020-10(78)-156-159.

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The article deals with the peculiarities of transformations in the process of translation of English prose into Ukrainian. Despite the large number of works covering this issue, the problem of translating prose texts is not dismissed. There is a need to systematize and study the types of lexical and grammatical transformations, used in translating literary texts, in practice. To observe the process of formation of inter-language transformations, the novel by an Irish writer Colm Toibin ‘House of Names’ has been chosen. The various scientists’ approaches to establishing the transformation types
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Al-Omoush, Kholoud. "The Grammatical Rules and Textual Functions of the Non-Apposite Indefinite Annexed kull: Sūrat al-Isrāʾ as a Case Study". Journal of Qur'anic Studies 26, № 1 (2024): 161–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jqs.2024.0574.

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This research examines the grammatical rules governing the non-restrictive usage of kull (‘every’) with indefinite nouns, focusing on occurrences in Sūrat al-Isrāʾ. It explores the role of kull in conveying meaning, and its textual functions, comparing theoretical presentations with practical usage in Qur’anic discourse. The significance of kull can be observed in particular in grammatical discussions relating to the fields of jurisprudence, uṣūl, legal rulings, and its role in constructing discourse meaning. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, this study examines the theoretical rules th
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Rybakova, K. A. "Programme of the elective course “Lexico-Grammatical component of the International English Language Exams”." Vìsnik KNLU. Serìâ “Psihologìâ ta Pedagogìka” / Visnyk KNLU. Series "Pedagogy and Psychology" 41 (March 4, 2025): 74–89. https://doi.org/10.32589/2412-9283.41.2024.322961.

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The programme of the elective course “Lexico-Grammatical component of the International English Language Exams” for the Batchelor students of the fourth year, for the Major 014, specialization “Languages ​​and Foreign Literature”. The discipline introduces students to the standards of international TOEFL, IELTS, Cambridge English Exams (CAE, CPE) exams. The course aims to teach students to recognize and apply key aspects of lexical competence at levels С1-C2, as well as the features of grammatical competence at levels С1-C2 as an essential component of universal programs for professional langu
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Elhami, Ali, and Anita Roshan. "Types of Recasts (Full and Partial) and Grammatical Structures by Basic Level EFL Iranian Learners." International Journal of English Linguistics 6, no. 3 (2016): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v6n3p176.

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&lt;p&gt;The study was designed to show if the full and partial recast given to third person “s” or simple past “ed” caused learners to generate various kinds of output. 32 EFL learners at the elementary level participated in the current research. They were divided in two different groups, one included 18 and the other 14 learners. After recording their voice while giving them full and partial recast, regarding data analysis, chi Square and Paired-Samples t-test were run to analyze the data. The hypothesis was retained, leading us to conclude that full and partial recast did not function diffe
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