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Academic literature on the topic 'Värmepumpar'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Värmepumpar"
Johansson, Daniel, and Nils Ljung. "Frostbildning på luftberörda värmepumpar." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-232840.
Full textThis report deals with the study of frost formation on air-conditioned heat pump's outdoor evaporators. The report includes the creation of a map of Sweden with information on frost formation on evaporators due to air temperature and relative humidity, and further when they both interact to create optimal conditions for frost formation, frost formation on evaporators due to. snowfall and supercooled rain as well as a summary of various current methods of defrosting and preventing frost formation on evaporators. A literature study was conducted to investigate the various methods of defrosting evaporators present today, both at industry standard and innovation level. The methods investigated were reversed cycle defrosting, hot gas bypass defrosting, electric heater defrosting, hot water spray defrosting, ultrasonic defrosting, Hydrophilic / Hydrophobic surfaces, phase changing materials such as thermal energy storage and dehumidification of air before the evaporator. The advantages and disadvantages of the different methods were then discussed. The report also provides a summary of the history of the air heat pump. The map of frost was created using Excel as well as Photoshop. Data used for the map was created by iteration through measurement values in the form of air temperature and humidity from 113 of SMHI's measurement stations in Sweden from 1 January to 2018-01-01. The number of hours of frosting can occur on the evaporator in Sweden varies between about 3000 to 6400 hours per year depending on location in the country. To investigate snowfall and supercooled rain as problematic in terms of frost for evaporators, a physical model was investigated, investigating how far snow and supercooled rain can be transported laterally due to air inlet in the evaporator component and if any design solution could be applied. The model was based on measurement data taken with air velocity meters on an air / water heat pump in Stockholm in calm weather conditions. For the two scenarios a construction solution in the form of a roof was considered adequate to avoid the problem and instead the question became how much protection the evaporator needs in terms of outdoor roofs. A critical roof length to prevent snowfall and supercooled rain from coming into contact with the evaporator was calculated to 18 cm for snowfall and 7 cm for supercooled rain. The report's conclusion is that optimal frost formation conditions are 34-73% annually and that a design solution in the form of a roof is adequate to prevent frost accumulation due to snowfall and supercooled rain.
Alm, Malin. "Simulering av spillvattenflödet i Solnaverkets värmepumpar." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-169697.
Full textNorrenergi has four heat pumps in their heating plant in Solna. These heat pumps use waste water from the Bromma sewage treatment plant as a heat source to produce district heating to distribute in Solna and Sundbyberg. This waste water is led into a duct where it is pumped through the evaporators of the heat pumps. The waste water is first pumped up into the first heating pump. The water that is not used in the first heat pump is passed by to be pumped up into the second heat pump, if it is in operation. In the winter months, the waste water flow into the duct is limited and the temperature can be lower. The consequence of this is that the waste water to heat pump 2 may have lower temperature, because it has already partially passed through the evaporator in heat pump 1. The aim of this study is to simulate this plant and investigate the possibility to optimize the distribution of the waste water to increase the total heating capacity of heat pump 1 and 2, and investigate if it is possible to operate the heat pumps with better economy. By developing heat pump specific equations based on measured data in the plant and build a model in Excel, these questions have been answered mathematically. The results of this study shows that it is not profitable to redistribute the waste water flow by reducing the flow into the evaporator of heat pump 1, to achieve a higher temperature of the water into heat pump 2. This is due to a lower flow through the evaporator in heat pump 1 affecting the overall heat transfer coefficient negatively, which in turn leads to a poorer heat transfer from the waste water to the refrigerant. It also results in a lower evaporation pressure within the evaporator of heat pump 1, which means the risk of freezing increases. To secure the operation of both heat pump 1 and 2, the heating capacity of heat pump 1 should be reduced to reach an incoming waste water temperature into heat pump 2 that is high enough to keep the second heat pump in operation.
Sadik, Zidar. "Samkörning mellan värmepumpar och fjärrvärme : Bostadsrättsföreningen Bogården." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-3057.
Full textThis diploma work covers an investigation over the heat - and hot water systems of the
tenant-owner's association, Bogården. The heat - and hot water needs of Bogården are
satisfied by both district heating as well as three heat pumps. Implemented investigation
shows that the heat pumps are not used in a profitable way. Apart from that, the reserve
possibilities are small. There is also a risk of the growth of Legionella bacterium in the
hot water system.
Since the heat pumps are already installed, HSB-Gävleborg (responsible for Bogården)
has a wish to investigate possible proposed actions for optimization of existing plant.
After completed investigation, a new proposed action is presented. The new proposed
action goes on intercepting the hot water production and using the heat pumps to only
heat production during the heating season. Why the hot water production should be
intercepted, is just in order to eliminate the risk of Legionella. Besides, the new proposal
is going to bring about a reserve of 1,534,000 SEK during a twenty-year period. This is
approximately twice as much as what the existing plant may bring during the same
period.
During the work's review, it also has been established that heat - and hot water systems
are error regulated. Since the diploma work does not cover that piece it is instead
informed as proposals subject to further investigation.
Nouraei, Yaghoob. "Värmepumpars inverkan på elkvaliten." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Technology and Science, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-1716.
Full textModern technology and fast development of heat pumps, the hunt for savings in energy consumption and the strive for environmentally friendly energy sources, convenience, and financial profit, have made heat pumps a reasonable alternative for the heating of houses.
When the heat pump starts it will consume a considerable amount of current, which may result in a short-lived voltage-drop if the power grid is weak compared to the start-up current.
The company Fortum Distribution which owns and administrates electrical network is interested in an investigation that deals with heat pumps affect on the quality of electricity.
The purpose of this investigation is to study fast electrical fluctuations (flicker) as a result of start-up currents for single as well as multiple heat pumps on the same electrical station and from this evaluate whether there will be any problems installing heat pumps.
Söderlund, Mikael. "Energieffektivisering och analysering av inomhusklimat genom simulering : IVT Värmepumpar, Tranås." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Energisystem, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-66389.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis has primarily been to improve the indoor climate in the building Greenhouse, belonging to the company IVT Värmepumpar in Tranås. The employees are experiencing problems with heat in the building's training facilities, specifically in the summer. An effort has also been made to develop measures that reduce building energy use in the form of electricity and heat. As the thesis was conducted during the autumn a simulation program was used to obtain a picture of the indoor climate during the summer. A model of the building was constructed in the simulation program, complete with ventilation and heating systems. To validate the model constructed, several measurements were taken during one week. The simulation model was calibrated against these measurements to mimic reality as much as possible. When the model was consistent with the measurements, simulations were performed in the summer to get a picture of the indoor climate and to detect any problems. Two different scenarios during the summer were constructed with different heat loads and time schedules. Scenario 1 tested how the indoor climate was affected by a large heat load in only one training facility, and, scenario 2 tested how the indoor climate was affected by a relatively large heat load in all training facilities. The results from the simulations showed problems with heat in the premises, albeit not to the extent of the employees previously stated experience. After analysis of the indoor climate, ventilation and heating systems, several actions were proposed. Most of these actions were implemented in the simulation model to see their potential and their effects in the summer. These proposals are either committed to improving the indoor climate or to reduce energy usage. These proposals are presented in Table 1 below (not included here, see the actual report) ; some proposals also have an estimated savings potential for total heating and the air handling unit’s electricity usage per year. Since this thesis might not solve the heat problems in the building, this report also includes suggestions on measures that may be required to reach a solution to the problem.
Olsson, Victor. "Applikationer med värmepumpar : En jämförelse mellan bergvärme- och luft/vattenvärmepumpar." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-10728.
Full textThe client of this thesis lacked a basis for comparison of geothermal heat pumps and air/water heat pumps in two unique projects. This thesis will provide an updated picture of the differences in operations and finance between the heat pumps for both current and future decisions of projects. This study presents a theoretical review of the heat pump's function, history and efficiency based on literature studies in these subjects. One of the facilities is an indoor pool in Oslo, whose dimensioning of heat source are presented in this work. A result of calculations show that a heat extraction from the bedrock is possible throughout the year if the active depth is sufficient. Awitar, which is a new research facility built by the Swedish Technical Research Institute, SP, is this works second facility. Profitability calculations for both projects make the basses for the results of investment in the geothermal heat pump and air/water heat pump. Annuity, which is the annual cost of an investment, turned out to differ very little between the heat pumps at both facilities. The heat pumps for the indoor pool have both the annuity of about 16 thousand SEK/year and Awitar annuities are about 111 thousand SEK/year. The initial investment value for the geothermal and the air/water heat pump to the indoor pool amounts to 295 thousand SEK and 120 thousand SEK, respectively, and for Awitar, 485 thousand SEK and 175 thousand SEK, respectively.
Åhlander, Pettersson Victoria, and Anton Mattsson. "Kartläggning av problem vid projektering, installation och drift av värmepumpar." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231788.
Full textIn order to be able to perform energy efficiency measures in an existing building, and generate a good outcome, good knowledge of the project is required. This means that all disciplines must have a good cooperation and that each discipline must take responsibility for the task. It is not always that the outcome will be optimal. A summary in tabular form can clearly identify the frequent problems. This is done by highlighting the problems that arise in connection with the design, installation and operation of heat pumps in three different cases, generating a compiled table. The result shows that eight different problems occur and all results are explained and analyzed. By detecting weaknesses, and suggesting possible measures, problems with the design, installation and operation of heat pumps may decrease.
Lindroos, Lukas, and Martin Sällström. "Småhusens möjligheter att bidra med efterfrågeflexibilitet genom laststyrning av värmepumpar." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298299.
Full textThis report examines how great the potential is to reduce power peaks through smart load control of heat pumps in a limited network area in Stockholm County and what benefits this can entail for various players in the electricity market. Current obstacles and necessary conditions are identified in order to stimulate an expanded flexibility market. A model was obtained from the company NIBE whose purpose was to enable calculations of potential for load control of heat pumps. In order to be able to use the calculation model, an adequate database of consumption data, temperature data and input data adapted for the limited electricity network area was needed. The report indicates that it is entirely possible to reduce power peaks in the electricity grid through load control of heat pumps. The work examines three different typical cases in a winter month in an ordinary Swedish residential area consisting of 440 outlet points, of which 407 represented single-family homes and of these, 278 had a registered heat pump. The selection of days were based on the daily average temperature where we took the coldest, warmest and median day. This resulted in reduced power peaks between 4 - 13% depending on the scenario studied. A general conclusion from the results is that it was more difficult to cut power peaks the colder the outdoor temperature was and if the power peak lasted for a long time. The extrapolation of the result to the overall potential of the power reduction for Sweden as a whole was calculated at approximately 1.1-3.6% of the total average power consumption in Sweden. Benefits that are associated with load control of heat pumps are generally more efficient use of the electricity grid and energy resources. The benefits for the various players in the electricity market are primarily about different types of cost savings. General conditions that increase the opportunities for homeowners to contribute with demand flexibility are that electricity customers need hourly price agreements to increase the incentives to reduce or move their electricity consumption. What is also required for customers to be able to control their load efficiently is hourly measurement at each customer and installed control equipment. Our recommendation regarding the choice of control technology is the control that uses a fictitious outdoor temperature by manipulating the temperature sensor. In order to make individual customers' demand flexibility potential available, the Electricity Act also needs to be amended to facilitate the aggregator role and enable aggregators to operate independently of the electricity market.
Nilsson, Johan, and Tobias Johansson. "Dimensionering, styrstrategier och utfall av värmepumpar i små bostadshus med stor termisk massa." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-148105.
Full textA building with high thermal mass can store heat in the building that will later be released back into the living environment when the temperature drops. This has a moderating effect on temperature variations, which reduces heating system peak loads. Simulations have been conducted to investigate the thermal mass effect on the heating requirements for a variety of variants of a single-family home with varied thermal mass and insulation. Thermal mass resulted in a decrease of the energy needs of buildings by just over 1 %. Power saving is somewhat higher, around 5 %. With an hourly electricity price setting it is possible to reduce heating costs by avoiding heating the building when electricity prices are highest. Through an analysis of the daily average electricity price variations the potential savings at different heating interruption could be estimated to 7.5 % if the heating takes place only during the 12 cheapest hours of the day. This assumes that the indoor temperature does not vary too much with interrupted heating. Simulations were performed to investigate how severe the temperature variation becomes at different lengths of heating interruption for two of the variants of the single-family home, with time constants of 2.3 and 7.7 days. These showed that the temperature decreased by 3.5 °C during a 3 hour long heating interruption of a light weight house in the coldest week of 2002. This compares with a heavy weight house whose temperature dropped by 3 °C for the same length of time. The simulation was compared with hand calculations showing that the temperature does not drop as fast as in the simulations. During a week with even colder circumstance the light weight house's indoor temperature decreased by 1 °C for 3 hours in the heavy weight house, the temperature only dropped by 1 °C for 12 hours.
Restrup, Hans-Gunnar, and Mohammed Ali Farrah. "Studie av tre fastigheters uppvärmningskostnad per m2 : Olja och direktverkande el till värmepumpar." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191317.
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