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Journal articles on the topic 'Varus'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Kolbe, Nikolas, Frank Haydon, Johannes Kolbe, and Thomas Dreher. "Single-Stage Tibial Osteotomy for Correction of Genu Varum Deformity in Children." Children 10, no. 2 (2023): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10020377.

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Conservative and operative treatments with gradual or acute correction of severe varus deformities of the leg have been described. We evaluated whether the corrective osteotomy used within the NGO Mercy Ships is an effective treatment for genu varum deformity of different etiologies in children and which patient specific factors have an influence on the radiographic outcome. In total, 208 tibial valgisation osteotomies were performed in 124 patients between 2013 and 2017. The patients’ mean age at the time of surgery was 8.4 (2.9 to 16.9 (min/max)) years. Seven radiographically measFured angle

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Rao.N, Rajeswara, Sekhar R. Sekhar R, Dr Vasudeva Reddy J, and Swayam Jothi S. "Congenital Talipes Equino Varus." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 10 (2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/oct2013/90.

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3

MM, Bari, and Bari AM Shayan R. "Genu varum (Rt) genu valgum (Lt), post traumatic ankle varus deformity (Lt)." MOJ Orthopedics & Rheumatology 15, no. 2 (2023): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojor.2023.15.00622.

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Ilizarov Technique is a fantastic tool for correcting femoral varus, genu valgum and ankle varus. The case demonstrates an approach to large complex deformity in both right & left knee, and left ankle region. All of the aforementioned deformities were fully corrected by the help of Ilizarov Technique.1,2,3

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Sonohata, Motoki, Masaru Kitajima, Shunsuke Kawano, and Masaaki Mawatari. "Comparison of Total Hip Arthroplasty Outcomes after Failed Femoral Wedge or Curved Varus Osteotomy." Open Orthopaedics Journal 12, no. 1 (2018): 208–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874325001812010208.

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Background: Differences in clinical and radiographic results following total hip arthroplasty between failed wedge and curved varus osteotomy are unclear. Objective: To investigate differences in clinical and radiographic results following total hip arthroplasty in patients who exhibited failed wedge or curved varus osteotomy. Method: We performed 18 total hip arthroplasties after failed femoral varus osteotomy. Hips were divided into two groups: 14 had failed wedge varus osteotomy and four had failed curved varus osteotomy. Average ages at osteotomy and total hip arthroplasty were 27 years ol

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Salzmann, Mikhail, Peter Fennema, Roland Becker, and Hagen Hommel. "Does Postoperative Mechanical Axis Alignment Have an Effect on Clinical Outcome of Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty? A Retrospective Cohort Study." Open Orthopaedics Journal 11, no. 1 (2017): 1330–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874325001711011330.

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Background: There is an ongoing debate whether patients with constitutional varus should be restored to neutral mechanical alignment following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Objective: The aim of this retrospective cohort study is to determine whether mild unintentional postoperative varus alignment (3°–6°) influences TKA outcome in patients with and without preoperative varus alignment due to medial osteoarthritis of the knee. Methods: We analyzed 172 consecutive TKA cases between April 2011 and May 2014. Patients were divided into four groups based on their preoperative and postoperative hip

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van der Esch, M., M. Steultjens, J. Harlaar, N. Wolterbeek, D. Knol, and J. Dekker. "Varus–valgus motion and functional ability in patients with knee osteoarthritis." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 67, no. 4 (2007): 471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2007.071258.

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Objective:To assess the relationship between knee varus–valgus motion and functional ability, and the impact of knee varus–valgus motion on the relationship between muscle strength and functional ability in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee.Methods:Sixty-three patients with knee OA were tested. Varus–valgus motion was assessed by optoelectronic recording and three-dimensional motion analysis. Functional ability was assessed by observation, using a 100 m walking test, a Get Up and Go test, and WOMAC questionnaire. Muscle strength was measured by a computer-driven isokinetic dynamome

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Schiffner, Erik, Michael Wild, Bertram Regenbrecht, et al. "Neutral or Natural? Functional Impact of the Coronal Alignment in Total Knee Arthroplasty." Journal of Knee Surgery 32, no. 08 (2018): 820–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1669788.

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AbstractTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a very successful procedure. The alignment in TKA has been identified as being of importance to prevent early implant failure and patient dissatisfaction. Our hypothesis was that patients with a preoperative varus deformation remaining in a slight varus alignment as their natural alignment after TKA will have superior clinical results compared with patients who are restored in neutral alignment. A total of 115 patients were corrected from varus to neutral (varus–neutral) and in 33 patients a preoperative varus alignment was kept in varus (varus). Standa

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Linke, R. D., J. Agneskirchner, and A. B. Imhoff. "Korrekturosteotomie bei Primary-Varus-, Double-Varus- und Triple-Varus-Knieinstabilit�t mit Kreuzbandersatz." Der Orthop�de 33, no. 2 (2004): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00132-003-0619-7.

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9

Fukutani, Naoto, Hirotaka Iijima, Takahiko Fukumoto, et al. "Association of Varus Thrust With Pain and Stiffness and Activities of Daily Living in Patients With Medial Knee Osteoarthritis." Physical Therapy 96, no. 2 (2016): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20140441.

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Background Increasing evidence highlights potential associations between varus thrust and health domains associated with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the association between varus thrust and 2 subcategories—“pain and stiffness” and “activities of daily living (ADL)”—of the Japanese Knee Osteoarthritis Measure (JKOM). Design This was a cross-sectional study. Methods In total, 296 outpatients with knee OA visiting orthopedic clinics were enrolled. The inclusion criteria were age ≥50 years, medial knee OA and Kellgren-Lawrence (K/L) grade ≥1 in one

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Mansur, Henrique, Felipe Almeida Rocha, and Isnar Moreira de Castro Junior. "TL 18209 - Relationship between the knee and hindfoot axes among patients with advanced gonarthrosis." Scientific Journal of the Foot & Ankle 13, Supl 1 (2019): 111S. http://dx.doi.org/10.30795/scijfootankle.2019.v13.1089.

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Introduction: The relationship between knee and hindfoot alignment is intuitive, but the number of studies on associated deformities remains limited. The objective of this study is to assess the correlation between the femorotibial joint axis and the hindfoot axis in patients with advanced gonarthrosis. Methods: The knee and hindfoot axes were assessed in 72 patients with indications for total knee replacement. Knee radiographs and long axial view radiographs of the hindfoot were acquired from all patients. The hindfoot/ankle function of the patients was assessed using the American Orthopedic

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11

Zhang, Zhiqi, Can Liu, Zhiwen Li, Peihui Wu, Shu Hu, and Weiming Liao. "Residual Mild Varus Alignment and Neutral Mechanical Alignment Have Similar Outcome after Total Knee Arthroplasty for Varus Osteoarthritis in Five-Year Follow-Up." Journal of Knee Surgery 33, no. 02 (2019): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1677497.

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AbstractThe effect of residual varus on survival rate and function in patients with varus knee osteoarthritis (OA) was considered an important issue for successful primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In this study, we compared the midterm clinical and functional outcomes in patients with different residual varus. A retrospective review of 175 patients (219 knees) with varus OA was > 3° for the hip-knee-ankle (HKA) who underwent primary TKA after exclusions and loss to follow-up from 237 patients (281 knees). The mean follow-up period was 5.2 ( ± 1.1) years. Patients were divided into fou

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Kwak, Il-Hoon, Sung-Sahn Lee, Jeounghun Lee, and Dae-Hee Lee. "Effects of Severe Varus Deformity on Soft Tissue Balancing in Total Knee Arthroplasty." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 1 (2022): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12010263.

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This study aimed to establish the effect of severe varus deformity on soft tissue balance in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), which is not yet well established. We retrospectively enrolled 205 patients (270 knees) who underwent primary TKA using the measured resection technique. Four intraoperatively measured TKA gaps and gap differences were compared between the severe varus deformity group (Hip-knee-ankle [HKA] varus angle ≥ 10°) and the mild varus deformity group (HKA varus angle < 10°). Pearson’s correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to investigate the fac

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Mills, JA, and MB Menelaus. "Hallux varus." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume 71-B, no. 3 (1989): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.71b3.2722937.

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Sferra, James, Michael Aronow, Tim Kilmartin, Albert Burns, and John M. Schuberth. "Hallux Varus." Foot & Ankle Specialist 4, no. 6 (2011): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1938640011426273.

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Matsumoto, Takumi, Rajiv Shah, Malhar Dave, Nikesh Shah, and Selene G. Parekh. "Hallux Varus." Foot & Ankle Specialist 9, no. 2 (2015): 169–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1938640015578518.

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Kline, Samuel C., Mathias Bostrum, and Paul P. Griffin. "Femoral Varus." Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 12, no. 2 (1992): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01241398-199203000-00010.

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Ryan, Katie, and Paul Moroney. "Hallux Varus." New England Journal of Medicine 369, no. 22 (2013): 2137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmicm1213412.

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Fabié, F., B. Delannes, E. Toullec, and C. Soncini. "Quintus varus." EMC - Podologie 16, no. 2 (2014): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0292-062x(13)48853-0.

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Piat, Christophe, and Jérome Allain. "Quintus varus." EMC - Podologie 5, no. 4 (2003): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0292-062x(20)30197-5.

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Toullec, E., and F. Fabie. "Quintus varus." EMC - Podologie 26, no. 1 (2024): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0292-062x(23)46289-7.

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Heyse, Thomas J., Ralf Decking, Jack Davis, Friedrich Boettner, and Richard S. Laskin. "Varus Gonarthrosis Predisposes to Varus Malalignment in TKA." HSS Journal 5, no. 2 (2009): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11420-009-9118-7.

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Toyooka, Seikai, Hironari Masuda, Nobuhiro Nishihara, et al. "Postoperative laxity of the lateral soft tissue is largely negligible in total knee arthroplasty for varus osteoarthritis." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 29, no. 1 (2021): 230949902110020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23094990211002002.

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Purpose: To evaluate the integrity of lateral soft tissue in varus osteoarthritis knee by comparing the mechanical axis under varus stress during navigation-assisted total knee arthroplasty before and after compensating for a bone defect with the implant. Methods: Sixty-six knees that underwent total knee arthroplasty were investigated. The mechanical axis of the operated knee was evaluated under manual varus stress immediately after knee exposure and after navigation-assisted implantation. The correlation between each value of the mechanical axis and degree of preoperative varus deformity was

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Cairns, Francis. "C. Asinius Pollio and theEclogues." Cambridge Classical Journal 54 (2008): 49–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1750270500000579.

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1. The addressees/honorands of the EcloguesTheEcloguesare universally regarded as a highly structured literary artefact, and some scholars believe that Virgil'ssumma manusmodified the contents of individual poems at the book's final stage to achieve balance and symmetry. Whether or not such modification took place, the pattern of addressees/honorands in the collection – where they exist – ought to have some significance. The following table sets them out:1.deus(7) =iuuenem(42), usually identified as Octavian2.None3.C. Asinius Pollio (84–9)4.C. Asinius Pollio (esp. 11–14)5.None6.P. Alfenus Varu

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Choi, Ji Hye, Hee Soo Han, Young Jin Park, Seungbum Koo, Taeyong Lee, and Kyoung Min Lee. "Relationship between ankle varus moment during gait and radiographic measurements in patients with medial ankle osteoarthritis." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0253570. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253570.

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Background Kinetic data obtained during gait can be used to clarify the biomechanical pathogenesis of osteoarthritis of the lower extremity. This study aimed to investigate the difference in ankle varus moment between the varus angulation and medial translation types of medial ankle osteoarthritis, and to identify the radiographic measurements associated with ankle varus moment. Methods Twenty-four consecutive patients [mean age 65.8 (SD) 8.0 years; 9 men and 15 women] with medial ankle osteoarthritis were included. Fourteen and 10 patients had the varus angulation (tibiotalar tilt angle≥3 deg

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Loder, Randall T., Zachary Gunderson, and Seungyup Sun. "Idiopathic Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: Demographic Differences and Similarities between Stable, Unstable, and Valgus Types." Children 10, no. 9 (2023): 1557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children10091557.

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Idiopathic slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a known disorder in pre/adolescent children with vague hip/knee pain. We wished to study the demographic differences between stable varus, unstable varus, and valgus idiopathic SCFEs using a retrospective review over a 10-year period of SCFE children seen at a tertiary children’s hospital. Standard demographic data was collected, and radiographs were measured to determine the Southwick angle and status of the tri-radiate cartilage. There were 190 patients; 138 had stable varus SCFEs, 45 unstable varus SCFEs, and 7 valgus SCFEs. All unstabl

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Krajnc, Zmago, and Matjaž Vogrin. "Varus knee deformity in adolescent soccer players." Acta Medico-Biotechnica 12, no. 1 (2021): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/actabiomed.173.

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The lower limb axis develops dynamically throughout the first and second decades of life. In recent years, with respect to youth athletes, we have been facing a progressive increase in the intensity of exercise during training and competition (involving increased time, frequency, and power), and, as a result, there hasbeen an increase in the number of acute and chronic overuse injuries. There are some sports with a higher incidence of injuries, one of which is soccer. A review of literature for the past 15 years with a focus on varus knee deformities in adolescent soccer players showed that va

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Akram, Sumera, and Muhammad Ahmed Khan. "Infantile Blount’s Disease: A case report of 3 years old female of Zhob, Pakistan." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 8 (2021): 1993–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211581993.

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Background; Blount’s disease is a rare developmental disorder of children which causes progressive bowing of lower limbs. The term “Blount” was named after American orthopedic surgeon “Walter Putnam Blount” who first described this condition. The etiology of Blount’s disease is unknown but believed to be multifactorial. Various predisposing factors have been attributed including obesity, early walking, race, pre-existing varus, increased pressure on growth plate and nutrition. Blount’s disease has been suggested to be more frequent in African, Afro-american populations. Blount’s disease has to

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Liu, Raymond W., Douglas S. Weinberg, Jonathan J. Streit, Colin E. Lasko, and Daniel R. Cooperman. "Relationship between Mild Genu Varum and Genu Valgum with Degenerative Hip and Knee Disease: A Cadaveric Study." Journal of Limb Lengthening & Reconstruction 10, no. 2 (2024): 86–90. https://doi.org/10.4103/jllr.jllr_12_24.

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Background: Varus and valgus deformity of the knee are relatively common conditions, and clinical studies have associated both with increased knee arthritis in high-risk patients. However, the consequences of these deformities in a randomly collected cadaveric population remain unclear. Hypothesis: We investigated whether varus and valgus deformity are associated with hip and knee arthritis in an osteological collection. Materials and Methods: We studied 430 well-preserved cadaveric skeletons ranging from 40 to 79 years of age at death. Specimens with obvious traumatic, infectious, rheumatolog

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Joseph, Benjamin, Verghese Chacko, Thomas Abraham, and Mary Jacob. "Pathomechanics of Congenital and Acquired Hallux Varus: A Clinical and Anatomical Study." Foot & Ankle 8, no. 3 (1987): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110078700800305.

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Hallux varus was observed in 69 feet among patients from a rural Indian population. This included three types of congenital hallux varus. The congenital “primary” type was the commonest and was not associated with any other foot deformity. Among the acquired forms was idiopathic hallux varus of middle age, which developed spontaneously in unshod persons and progressed gradually. Hallux varus following chronic arthritis was part of a consistent pattern of foot deformities in which the first ray collapsed in a zig-zag manner in two planes. Although the development of hallux varus is often due to

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Buchanan, T. S., S. L. Delp, and J. A. Solbeck. "Muscular Resistance to Varus and Valgus Loads at the Elbow." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 120, no. 5 (1998): 634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2834755.

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Although the contributions of passive structures to stability of the elbow have been well documented, the role of active muscular resistance of varus and valgus loads at the elbow remains unclear. We hypothesized that muscles: (1) can produce substantial varus and valgus moments about the elbow, and (2) are activated in response to sustained varus and valgus loading of the elbow. To test the first hypothesis, we developed a detailed musculoskeletal model to estimate the varus and valgus moment-generating capacity of the muscles about the elbow. To test the second hypothesis, we measured EMGs f

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Lee, SeungHoon, YunSeong Choi, JaeHyuk Lee, HeeDong Lee, JungRo Yoon, and ChongBum Chang. "Valgus Arthritic Knee Responds Better to Conservative Treatment than the Varus Arthritic Knee." Medicina 59, no. 4 (2023): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59040779.

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Background and Objectives: Clinically, it is beneficial to determine the knee osteoarthritis (OA) subtype that responds well to conservative treatments. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the differences between varus and valgus arthritic knees in the response to conservative treatment. We hypothesized that valgus arthritic knees would respond better to conservative treatment than varus arthritic knees. Materials and Methods: Medical records of 834 patients who received knee OA treatment were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with Kellgren–Lawrence grades III and IV were divided into tw

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Freisinger, Gregory, Laura Schmitt, Andrea Wanamaker, Robert Siston, and Ajit Chaudhari. "Tibiofemoral Osteoarthritis and Varus–Valgus Laxity." Journal of Knee Surgery 30, no. 05 (2016): 440–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1592149.

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AbstractThe purpose of this study was to systematically review and synthesize the literature measuring varus–valgus laxity in individuals with tibiofemoral osteoarthritis (OA). Specifically, we aimed to identify varus–valgus laxity differences between persons with OA and controls, by radiographic disease severity, by frontal plane knee alignment, and by sex. We also aimed to identify if there was a relationship between varus–valgus laxity and clinical performance and self-reported function. We systematically searched for peer-reviewed original research articles in PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL to

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Dr, Rohan Krishnan. "Clinical Correlation between Genu Varum and Knee Function in Primary Osteoarthritis Knee." International Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Research 4, no. 6 (2023): 14–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10076918.

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<strong>Background</strong>: To measure the degree of varus deformity in primary osteoarthritis knee and compare the various degree of varus deformity and knee function.<strong>Method</strong>: The Mechanical axis of the femur (MAF) and the Mechanical axis of the Tibia (MAT) to measure angle of varus deformity The patient was clinically examined and assessed for the function of the knee using the American Knee Society function score (AKSS) [Excellent, Good and Poor].<strong>Result</strong>: Among 41 patients with 0 to 10 degrees of varus deformity, 53.65% had excellent (80-100) and 46.34% had

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Beer, Yiftah, Ron Gilat, Oleg Lysyy, Moshe Ayalon, Gabriel Agar, and Dror Lindner. "Meniscal extrusion under increasing varus in stress patients with a medial meniscus posterior root-tear." Acta Orthopaedica Belgica 88, no. 3 (2022): 505–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52628/88.3.9371.

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Posterior root-tear of the medial meniscus and accompanied meniscal extrusion can lead to functional loss of the meniscus. The aim of this study is to assess medial meniscus extrusion at increasing varus forces utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in order to evaluate the contribution of the adduction moment of the knee during gait. We prospectively enrolled 19 patients (38 knees). Patients underwent gait analysis testing to calculate adduction moment, followed by an MRI at rest and with increasing varus forces according to the patient’s specific adduction moment. Meniscal extrusion and

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Qin, Xun, Hengzhi Liu, Yinghao Liu, and Aixin Hu. "The relationship between fibular head height and lower limb alignment deviation and severity after TKA for varus deformity knee osteoarthritis." PLOS One 20, no. 6 (2025): e0327168. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0327168.

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Purpose To investigate the correlation between fibular head height and the deviation and severity of lower limb alignment after TKA in patients with varus deformity and knee osteoarthritis. Methods Based on the varus angle (γ = 10°), the sample was divided into two groups: < 10° and ≥10°, The differences in fibular head height between the two groups of patients were analyzed using an independent samples t-test; The Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze the differences in fibular head height between genders. An unordered multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the

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Sarkar, Aruddha, Biswarup Sen, and Saurabh Sahni. "Medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy: an effective procedure for varus malunited neglected proximal tibial plateau fractures: a case series." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 10, no. 4 (2024): 804–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20241707.

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Varus malunited tibial plateau fracture is a disabling condition causing varus thrust gait, instability, and secondary osteoarthrosis. There are few evidence-based guidelines for the management of symptomatic varus malunion in young patients. Our case series aims to review outcomes of open wedge high tibial osteotomy for varus malunited tibial medial plateau fractures. We present case series of three patients who presented with symptomatic varus malunion of proximal tibia with Kellgren-Lawrence stage II or less arthritic changes. All presented with varus thrust. Exclusion criteria for the proc

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Lucha-López, María Orosia, José Miguel Tricás-Moreno, Elena Gaspar-Calvo, et al. "Relationship between knee alignment in asymptomatic subjects and flexibility of the main muscles that are functionally related to the knee." Journal of International Medical Research 46, no. 8 (2018): 3065–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060518771825.

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Objective To assess the relationship between static frontal knee alignment in asymptomatic subjects and flexibility of the main muscles functionally related to the knee. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in 33 healthy adults (19–31 years). The frontal knee angle (valgus/varus angle) was measured by photogrammetry and it was measured in the lateral side. Therefore, high values were assigned for genu varum and low values for genu valgum. Iliopsoas, gluteus maximus and medius, rectus femoris, biceps femoris, vastus of the quadriceps, and gastrocnemius muscles were stretche

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Matsuo, Tomoyuki, Glenn S. Fleisig, Naiquan Zheng, and James R. Andrews. "Influence of Shoulder Abduction and Lateral Trunk Tilt on Peak Elbow Varus Torque for College Baseball Pitchers during Simulated Pitching." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 22, no. 2 (2006): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.22.2.93.

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Elbow varus torque is a primary factor in the risk of elbow injury during pitching. To examine the effects of shoulder abduction and lateral trunk tilt angles on elbow varus torque, we conducted simulation and regression analyses on 33 college baseball pitchers. Motion data were used for computer simulations in which two angles— shoulder abduction and lateral trunk tilt—were systematically altered. Forty-two simulated motions were generated for each pitcher, and the peak elbow varus torque for each simulated motion was calculated. A two-way analysis of variance was performed to analyze the eff

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Choi, Jun Young, and Jin Soo Suh. "Surgical Correction of Large Talar Tilt in Varus Ankle Osteoarthritis: Lessons from Clinical Experience and a Review of the Literature." Journal of Clinical Medicine 14, no. 8 (2025): 2781. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14082781.

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Numerous studies exist on medial opening wedge supramalleolar osteotomy (SMO), ever since its introduction by Takakura et al., as a joint-preserving surgical option for treating varus ankle osteoarthritis (OA). Although SMO can induce lateral translation of the talus—which is medially translated in varus ankle OA—it has only minimal effects on the correction of the varus tilt of the talus. Particularly, SMO alone does not effectively neutralize the talar position. The primary reason for this limitation is that varus tilting of the talus is not merely a two-dimensional deformity in the coronal

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Murphy, Colin G., Michel P. Bonnin, Antoine H. Desbiolles, Yannick Carrillon, and Tarik Aїt Si Selmi. "Varus will Have Varus; A Radiological Study to Assess and Predict Varus Stem Placement in Uncemented Femoral Stems." HIP International 26, no. 6 (2016): 554–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/hipint.5000412.

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Background Varus inclination of the uncemented stem is not necessarily a technical error. The proximal femoral anatomy of hips with a coxa vara deformity frequently predisposes varus inclination. Methods We reviewed a series of 200 patients undergoing primary uncemented THA with the Corail® hip system. Preoperative data were based on patient demographics, diagnosis, and radiographic information (preoperative templating-CT measurements), and compared postoperative alignment for each stem and type of stem used. Proximal femoral traits which can alert surgeons, when templating preoperatively, to

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Lee, Sung-Sahn, Jewon Jung, Hanbit Kim, et al. "The Effect of Severe Varus Deformity on Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes in Mechanical Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty with Medial Stabilizing Technique." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 6 (2024): 1595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13061595.

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Background: The purpose was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes between preoperative mild and severe varus deformity after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with medial stabilizing technique (MST). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 158 knees of 125 female patients with a 2-year follow-up who underwent mechanically aligned TKA with MST between April 2018 and February 2021. Patients were divided into two groups; the severe varus group was defined as one with preoperative hip-knee ankle (HKA) angle ≥ 15° and the mild varus group with HKA angle < 15°. Pre- and post-operative clinic

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Donley, Brian G. "Acquired Hallux Varus." Foot & Ankle International 18, no. 9 (1997): 586–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079701800911.

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Acquired hallux varus most commonly occurs after hallux valgus surgery. Sagittal plane, coronal plane, and varus deformities are present at the metatarsophalangeal joint. Evaluation of both the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints for mobility is necessary in surgical decision making. Not all patients require surgery. The anatomy, incidence, pathogenesis, evaluation, classification, and treatment of acquired hallux varus are discussed in this review.

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Tsukamoto, Hiroaki, Kimio Saito, Hidetomo Saito, et al. "A Novel Classification of Coronal Plane Knee Joint Instability Using Nine-Axis Inertial Measurement Units in Patients with Medial Knee Osteoarthritis." Sensors 23, no. 5 (2023): 2797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23052797.

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The purpose of this study was to propose a novel classification of varus thrust based on gait analysis with inertial motion sensor units (IMUs) in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis (MKOA). We investigated thigh and shank acceleration using a nine-axis IMU in 69 knees with MKOA and 24 (control) knees. We classified varus thrust into four phenotypes according to the relative medial–lateral acceleration vector patterns of the thigh and shank segments: pattern A (thigh medial, shank medial), pattern B (medial, lateral), pattern C (lateral, medial), and pattern D (lateral, lateral). Quantita

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Stuecker, Ralf D., and James T. Bennett. "Tarsal Coalition Presenting As A Pes Cavo-Varus Deformity: Report Of Three Cases and Review Of the Literature." Foot & Ankle 14, no. 9 (1993): 540–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079301400911.

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The diagnosis of idiopathic pes cavo-varus is one of exclusion. Typically a neuropathic etiology is sought. Equally well known is the association of rigid flatfoot deformity with calcaneonavicular and subtalar coalition. Less well known is the association of pes cavo-varus with tarsal coalition. This is a report of three patients who presented with cavo-varus deformities without underlying neurologic abnormalities, one with a calcaneonavicular coalition and two with subtalar coalitions, the latter an entity not previously described in association with pes cavo-varus, to our knowledge.

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Jeong, Bi O., Jong Hun Baek, and Wookjae Song. "Changes in the Ankle Joint and Hindfoot Alignment Following Varus Deformity Correction of the Knee with Total Knee Arthroplasty." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 2, no. 3 (2017): 2473011417S0000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011417s000051.

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Category: Ankle, Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: Compensatory changes occur in the ankle joint and the subtalar joint of the hindfoot to maintain neutral alignment in coronal plane when varus or valgus deformity is present in the knee joint. The purpose of this study is (1) to analyze how the ankle and hindfoot joint compensate the changes in mechanical axis that occur with varus deformity of the knee, (2) to analyze the changes in ankle and hindfoot joint alignment when mechanical axis alignment is corrected by correction of varus deformity of the knee with total knee arthroplasty (TKA), and (

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Tanaka, Hiroshi, Toyohiko Hayashi, Hiroaki Inui, et al. "Stride-Phase Kinematic Parameters That Predict Peak Elbow Varus Torque." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 12 (2020): 232596712096806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120968068.

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Background: During baseball pitching, a high amount of elbow varus torque in the arm cocking-to-acceleration phase is thought to be a biomechanical risk factor for medial elbow pain and injury. The biomechanics of the stride phase may provide preparation for the arm cocking-to-acceleration phase that follows it. Purpose: To determine the kinematic parameters that predict peak elbow varus torque during the stride phase of pitching. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Participants were 107 high school baseball pitchers (age range, 15-18 years) without shoulder or elbow problems.

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Provencher, Matthew T., Patrick W. Kane, Nicholas N. DePhillipo, et al. "Accuracy of MRI and Varus Stress Radiographs in Diagnosing Fibular Collateral Ligament Injuries." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6, no. 7_suppl4 (2018): 2325967118S0014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967118s00144.

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Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and varus stress radiographs for FCL tears, and compare these modalities to intraoperative findings. Methods: All patients who underwent an isolated FCL or combined ACL/FCL reconstruction by a single surgeon between 2010 and 2017 with preoperative varus stress radiographs and MRI were included in this study. A control group was comprised of patients with an MRI and intact ACL and FCL. Sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing FCL injuries on MRI were determined based on review by a fellowship-trained musculoskeletal

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Sugimoto, Kazuya, Norihiro Samoto, Yoshinori Takakura, and Susumu Tamai. "Varus Tilt of the Tibial Plafond as a Factor in Chronic Ligament Instability of the Ankle." Foot & Ankle International 18, no. 7 (1997): 402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079701800705.

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The authors performed a radiographic study of 136 patients with acute ligament sprains and 85 patients with chronic lateral ligament instability of the ankle. Varus angulation of the tibial plafond, varus angulation of the line passing both malleolar ends, and varus angulation of the medial malleolus were measured on the AP views, and dorsal angulation of the tibial plafond was measured on the lateral views. The varus angles of the tibial plafond, the line passing both malleolar ends, and the medial malleolus were larger as mean values in patients with chronic ligament instability than in the

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Trnka, H. J., R. Zettl, M. Hungerford, M. Mühlbauer, and P. Ritschl. "Acquired Hallux Varus and Clinical Tolerability." Foot & Ankle International 18, no. 9 (1997): 593–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079701800913.

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This retrospective study was undertaken to determine the long-term clinical problems, residual disability, and need for further surgery in patients with iatrogenic hallux varus. Between 1975 and 1985, in 16 (19 feet) of 83 patients who underwent foot surgery for hallux valgus or metatarsus primus varus, hallux varus deformity was noted at 1-year follow-up on dorsoplantar roentgenograms obtained with the patients bearing weight. Thirteen of those patients (16 feet) were reexamined at an average of 18.3 years (220 months) after surgery. The average hallux varus deformity in this group was 10.1°.

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Murillo-Vizuete, David, Raul Garcia-Bogalo, David Escobar-Anton, Lissette Horna-Castiñeiras, Juan Peralta-Molero, and Ricardo Larrainzar-Garijo. "Dynamic Alignment Analysis in the Osteoarthritic Knee Using Computer Navigation." Journal of Knee Surgery 30, no. 09 (2017): 909–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1598037.

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AbstractThe lower limb alignment is influenced by the geometry of the joint surfaces and surrounding soft tissue tension. The mechanical behavior changes in a normal, osteoarthritic, and postoperative knee. The purpose of this study is to determine the dynamic coronal femoral tibial mechanical angle (FTMA) in osteoarthritic knees using computer navigation. The authors hypothesize that there are different varus-valgus patterns between flexion and extension in the osteoarthritic knee. We conducted a transversal observational study and included patients with osteoarthritis who underwent primary n

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