Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'VAS - Value Added Statement'

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 1998.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study investigated the divergent practice in the presentation of Value-Added Statements (V AS) by industrial companies on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. A standard statement (for 1997 only), as suggested by the author, was constructed for all 188 companies analysed to eliminate unusual or faulty recording of certain items. Overall, the calculated value added differed from that published by the companies due to the inclusion of certain items which are specific to particular companies. The information compiled during the investigation will also he used to upgrade the database of the University of Stellenbosch Business School. The results of the study suggest that there are indeed some deep-rooted conceptual problems in reporting value added as well as problems associated with the treatment of individual items in the statement. Taxation reporting in the V AS was found to be the major item where inconsistency was prevalent. Of the 188 companies studied, about forty percent included what the author tenned "taxation mistakes" in their VAS. Minority reporting was found to be another significant problem area where companies were very inconsistent in reporting the item. In addition, there were some strange items that the writer came across in the published VAS. [f value added is to be accepted as a useful tool in financial reporting, that is, if it is to gain popularity and usefulness, it must be derived from a consistent model and should be systematically applied.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie het die verskillende wyses ondersoek waarop Toegevoegdewaardestate (TWS) opgestel is deue industriele maatskappye op die Johannesburgse Effektebeurs. 'n Standaard staat (slegs vir 1997) soos voorgestel deur die skrywer is opgestel vir elk van die 188 maatskappye wat ontleed is ten einde ongewone of foutiewe rapportering te elimineer. Oor die aigemeen het die berekende toegevoegde waarde verskil van die syfers soos gepubliseer deur die maatskappy. Die verskille was hoofsaaklik toe te skryf aan die insluiting van sekere items wat uniek was aan bepaaJde maatskappye. Die informasie versamel gedurende hierdie ondersoek sal ook gebruik word om die databasis van die Bestuurskool van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch op te gradeer. Die resultate van die studie het getoon dat daar weI sommige diep-geworteide konseptuele probleme in die rapportering van toegevoegde waardc bestaan het sowel as probleme geassosieer met die hantering van individuele items in die TWS. Veertig persent van die 188 maatskappye ondersoek, het belastingfoute (soos deur die skrywer omskryf) ingesluit in die gepubliseerde TWS. Die rapportering van minderheidsbelang was ook 'n groot probleem area wat gelei het tot 'n groot mate van inkonsekwente rapportering. Verder het die skrywer op 'n hele aantal ongewone items in die gepubliseerde TWS gevind. As toegevoegde waarde as 'n handige hulpmiddel in finansiele rapportering aanvaar wil word, dit is om groter populariteit en groter gebruikswaarde te verkry, sal dit ontwikkel moet word uit 'n bepaalde model, en op 'n sistematiese wyse opgestel word.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:40:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Arraes.pdf: 34103877 bytes, checksum: 0057ec3b516f3a18a40616c6d82b8627 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-12
ln this work we analyze the consolidated, from the year 2012, Value Statement (VAS) of 132 business entities listed on Stock, Commodities and Futures Exchange- BMF & BOVESPA, part a specific segment named Novo Mercado BOVESP/ (NMB), who voluntarily brings together companies compromised with to apply the principles of corporate Governance, this segment was chosen for the accuracy of the regulation regarding transparency in corporate information. Were analyzed the Added Value generated by each segment and subsidiary group of companies separated by economic sector, the information found were confronted with the Brazilian Accounting Standard CPC 09. The results have reconciled to the methodology for ca1culatingand were compared with 2012 National GDP, were established a parallel between t1:1etwo calculation methodologies and ratio of the segment relevance on the national scenery. The VAS for its accounting approach, proved to be effidel1tand potentially important serve as a basis for decision-making of various social segments, including the government, which could use is as a data source for public policy of fomentation incentives.
Neste trabalho são analisadas e consolidadas as Demonstrações do Valor Adicionado (DVA) do ano de 2012 132 entidades empresariais listadas na Bolsa de valores ,Mercadorias e Futuros -- BM&FBOVESPA, em um segmento especifico denominado Novo, Mercado que reúne voluntariamente empresas que se comprometem a aplicar os principias de Governança Corporativa, esse segmento foi escolhido pelo rigor do regulamento em relação transparência das informações corporativas. Foi analisado Valor Adicionado gerado pelo segmento e subsidiariamente o valor de cada grupo de empresas Neste trabalho separadas por setor econômico, as informações encontradas forrol1 confrontadas com a norma contábil, CPC 09. Os resultados encontrados foram reconciliados à meto( .01c:giade cálculo do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IEGE) e comparados com o PIE Nacional 2012, estabeleceu-se um paralelo entre as duas metodologias de cálculo e a relação de relevância do no cenário nacional. A DVA, pôr sua abordagem contábil, mostrou-se potencialmente eficiente e importante para servir de base para tomada de decisões vários segmentos da sociedade, entre eles o governo, que poderia utilizá-la como fonte de dados para decisões de políticas públicas de fomento

Os incentivos fiscais são instrumentos utilizados pelas esferas governamentais com o intuito de desenvolver determinada região. Essa concessão é baseada na premissa que, os benefícios trazidos com a presença de indústrias superam os custos decorrentes da renúncia fiscal. Entretanto, essa relação Custo-Benefício vem sendo questionada, considerando-se que os custos de manter a empresa na região superam os benefícios gerados. Com o intuito de investigar essa situação, duas indústrias do ramo de fiação e tecelagem no Estado do Ceará foram pesquisadas. Elas foram beneficiadas pelos incentivos fiscais, e denominadas de empresa “A” e “B”. Foi calculado o Índice Custo-Benefício (ICB) de cada uma, sendo considerados os montantes dos benefícios e custos passíveis de mensuração. Na metodologia de cálculo dos benefícios foi utilizada a Demonstração do Valor Adicionado – DVA. Para os custos, foi considerado o total de tributos dispensados de recolhimento. Os resultados apontaram que os benefícios foram superiores aos custos (ICB > 1) em ambas as empresas. Entretanto, o índice foi decrescente na empresa “A”, podendo evidenciar uma dependência perigosa dos incentivos fiscais, a ponto de comprometer a continuidade da empresa caso fossem removidos. A empresa “B” apresentou o índice constante, mas, o montante dos custos da renúncia fiscal teve um razoável acréscimo em 2000, podendo indicar a mesma dependência já mencionada. Pela análise da DVA das empresas pesquisadas, pode ser inferido que o modelo de concessão de incentivos fiscais favoreceu à má distribuição de renda no Estado do Ceará. O ICB é um indicador útil para a análise dos incentivos fiscais, devendo ser examinado juntamente com outros itens que contemplem os aspectos não mensuráveis. O objetivo é avaliar a possibilidade de reduzir, ou extinguir, os incentivos fiscais das empresas, ou até mesmo, cessar a política de renúncia fiscal da região. Ressaltando, por fim, as conclusões com base nos dois casos estudados não podem ser estendidos para as demais empresas incentivadas, carecendo de mais pesquisas nesse sentido para evidenciar o comportamento desse grupo.
The fiscal incentives are instruments used by the governments with the intention of developing a special area. This concession is based on the premise that, the benefits brought with the presence of industries overcome the costs of the fiscal renouncement. However, that relationship Cost-Benefit has been questioned, being considered the costs to maintain the company in the area overcome the generated benefits. With the intention of investigating that situation, two industries of the spinning branch and weaving in the State of Ceará were researched. They were benefited by the fiscal incentives, and denominated of company "A" and "B". The Cost-Benefit Index (CBI) was made calculations of each one, being considered the amounts of the benefits and costs susceptible to measure. In the methodology of calculation of the benefits was used the Added Value Statement – AVS. To the costs, the total of released tributes of withdrawal was considered. The results indicated the benefits were superior at the costs (CBI > 1) in both companies. However, the index was decreasing in the company "A", could evidence a dangerous dependence of the fiscal incentives, to the point of committing the continuity of the company if were removed. The company "B" presented the constant index, but, the amount of the costs of the fiscal renouncement had a reasonable increment in 2000, that could indicate the same dependence already mentioned. For the analysis of AVS of the researched companies, it can be inferred that the model of concession of fiscal incentives, favored to the bad distribution of income in the State of Ceará.

Submitted by Miriam Lucas (miriam.lucas@unioeste.br) on 2018-05-08T16:32:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tiago_Luis_Brugnera_2018.pdf: 272902 bytes, checksum: 78f3c5235d2759b653f42ffb28d643b4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-08T16:32:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tiago_Luis_Brugnera_2018.pdf: 272902 bytes, checksum: 78f3c5235d2759b653f42ffb28d643b4 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-20
Financial performance indicators are the most sought-after diagnostic methods by enterprise’s stakeholders, such as profitability, payable capacity and capital management. However, a growing interest has been redirected to the social reflexes of business activities, beyond the economic result. One of the contemporary ways of evaluating social indicators is by analyzing quotients from the Value Added Statement (VAS), an accounting statement integrated to Brazilian accounting by Law 11,638 / 2007. After selecting economic and social performance variables, the present paper aimed to investigate the possible correlation between such constructs in the non-cyclical market segment of the Brazilian stock market. Data collected by analyzing the individual financial statements of the entities selected revealed a strong canonical correlation between social performance and economic performance, with highlights to the correlated power between profitability, indebtedness and the potential of the entity's net equity to generate added value.
Indicadores de desempenho financeiros são os métodos diagnósticos mais buscados por stakeholders em um empreendimento, tais como rentabilidade, capacidade de pagamento e administração do capital. Todavia, um crescente interesse tem sido redirecionado aos reflexos sociais das atividades empresariais, para além do resultado econômico. Uma das formas contemporâneas de avaliar indicadores sociais é por meio de análise de quocientes provenientes da Demonstração do Valor Adicionado – DVA, demonstração contábil integrada à contabilidade brasileira pela Lei nº 11.638/2007. Após seleção de variáveis de desempenhos econômicos e sociais, o presente estudo objetivou investigar eventual correlação entre tais constructos no mercado do segmento de consumo não cíclico na bolsa de valores do Brasil. Dados levantados mediante análise das demonstrações contábeis individuais das entidades selecionadas para a pesquisa revelaram forte correlação canônica entre desempenho social e desempenho econômico, com destaques para o poder correlacionado entre rentabilidade, endividamento e o potencial do patrimônio líquido da entidade em gerar valor adicionado

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Value Added Statement does not provide any information that does not already exist in the income statement. It only arranges the information and adds a new item, salaries and wages, to highlight the value created by the company and how that value is distributed amongst stakeholders. This information would assist users in their evaluation of the economic performance of the organisation. The study set out to show the composition, calculation and the reconciliation of both Cash Value Added Statement (CVAS) and the Value Added Statement (VAS). A database has been created for the years 1990-1998 for all the companies that published the CVASNAS during that period. The differences between CVAS and VAS can be determined by: a) Non-cash items (excluding depreciation). b) Movements in non-cash components of working capital. c) Differences between an income statement and cash flow statement relative to : • Extra-ordinary items • Exceptional items • Abnormal items • Associated income • A few sundry items Individual reconciliation was performed per company per year for the period 1990 to 1998 to enable the balancing of the CVAS total (Total A) with the VAS total (Total B)- see the example on Figure 3.1 to Figure 3.3. Items in both eVAS and VAS were then expressed about the two totals (see the line, Total A) to arrive at the common size for both CVAS and VAS (Tables 1(a) and 1(bj). Descriptive statistics were performed in order to find out how much each item constitutes to the value added. Due to the large amount of data, the initial raw data was excluded from the study project and is only available in the databank.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Toegevoegdewaardestaat verskaf geensins enige inligting wat nie reeds in die inkomstestaat verskyn nie. Die doel daarvan is slegs om inligting te rangskik en voeg nog 'n item by, nl. salarisse en lone. Die doel hiervan is om die waarde wat die maatskappy geskep het, uit te lig en ook hoe daardie bepaalde waarde onder belanghebbers verdeel word. Hierdie inligting kan gebruikers help by die evaluering van die ekonomiese prestasie van die betrokke organisasie. Die ondersoek dui die samestelling, berekening en die rekonsiliasie aan van beide die Kontant- Toegevoegdewaardestaat (KTWS) en die Toegevoegdewaardestaat (TWS). 'n Databasis is saamgestel vir die tydperk 1990 - 1998 vir alle maatskappye wat gedurende hierdie tyd KTWS/TWS gepubliseer het. Die verskille tussen KTWS en TWS word bepaal deur: a) Nie-kontant items (uitsluitend waardevermindering). b) Die bewegings in die nie-kontant komponente van bedryfskapitaal. Die verskille tussen 'n inkomstestaat en kontantvloeistaat met betrekking tot: • Buitengewone items • Besondere items • Abnormale items • Geassosieerde inkomste • Enkele diverse items Individuele rekonsiliasies is uitgevoer per maatskappy per jaar vir die tydperk 1990 - 1998 vir die balansering van die KTWS se totaal (Totaal A) met die TWS se totaal (Totaal B) - kyk na die voorbeeld in Figuur 3.1 tot Figuur 3.3. Items in beide KTWS en TWS is dan uitgedruk ten opsigte van die twee totale (kyk na die lyn, Totaal A) om by die gemeenskaplike grootte vir beide KTWS en TWS (Tabelle l(a) en l(b)) uit te kom. Beskrywende statistiek is gebruik om vas te stel hoeveel elke item bydra tot die toegevoegde waarde. Weens die geweldige hoeveelheid data/inligting, is die aanvanklike rou-data van die ondersoek uitgesluit. Dit is slegs beskikbaar in die databank.

Value Added Services (VASs) have become one of the major revenue generators in the telecom industry. Most of the telecom subscribers have started using VAS and it has become an important service for the customers. The objective of the project is to evaluate and analyse the need for value added services in India. The report begins with a discussion of existing VAS provided by 2G wide area cellular technologies and how these will change with the introduction of 3G technology. Following this the value chain of VAS is discussed. Next new trends, drivers, and challenges of the VAS are discussed in detail. The impact of content developers and software development on VAS are discussed. Then a method to analyse VAS is discussed, followed by method of analysing the ringback tones with respect to a company is provided followed by the method to analyse the importance of the content providers in the value chain. Then the Mobile commerce VAS is analysed in detail and ringback tone service provided by OnMobile Company is analysed in detail, followed by an analysis of the role of content providers in value chain. A survey on different services provided through VAS is taken among few of the VASs users in India and the results are included with graphs in the report. The thesis analysis results are very important in the modern telecommunication industry as VAS plays a major role in generating huge revenue and currently many industries are focusing on to provide mobile commerce services to its customers. The thesis answers various questions like, what are the different M-commerce services that are provided to the customers in the telecom industry. Why OnMobile Company provides different varieties of ringback tones to the user? Why the role of content providers is very important in the Value chain? The report concludes with conclusions explaining the different insights that are gained from the analysis of the VAS (M-Commerce), Ringback tones provided by OnMobile, role of content providers in the Value chain and the survey results. It is followed by the some suggestions and possible future work concerning Value Added Services in India.
Value Added Services (VASs) har blivit en av de största inkomst generatorerna i telekombranschen. De flesta av Telecom abonnenter har börjat använda VAS och det har blivit en viktigare service för kunderna. Målet med projektet är att utvärdera och analysera behovet av mervärdestjänster VAS i Indien. Rapporten inleds med en diskussion av befintliga VAS från 2G stort mobil teknik område och hur dessa kommer att förändras med införandet av 3G-tekniken. Efter detta kommer värdekedjan för VAS att diskuteras. De nästkommande nya trenderna, drivrutiner och utmaningar inom VAS diskuteras mer i detalj. Effekterna från innehållsutvecklare och mjukvaruutvecklingen inom VAS diskuteras också. Sedan kommer metoden för att analysera VAS att diskuteras, följt av en analys av ringsignaltjänsten med avseende på företag och en metod för att analysera betydelsen av innehållsutvecklare inom värdekedjan. Då mobil handel VAS analyseras i detalj och tillbaka ringningston tillhandahålls av OnMobile företag analyseras i detalj, följt av en analys av den roll som leverantörsrollen av innehåll i värdekedjan. En undersökning om olika tjänster som tillhandahålls via VAS tas bland några av de VASS användare i Indien och resultaten visas i grafer i rapporten. Avhandlingen analysresultaten är mycket viktiga i den moderna telekomindustrin som VAS spelar en viktig roll i att genererar stora inkomster och för närvarande många branscher fokuserar på att tillhandahålla mobil handel tjänster till sina kunder. Avhandlingen besvarar frågor som: Vilka är de olika mobila-handelstjänster som tillhandahålls inom telekomindustrin, varför OnMobile tillhandahåller olika typer av ringsignaltjänster till användaren? och Varför innehållsutvecklare är viktiga inom värdekedjan? Rapporten avslutas med slutsatser som förklarar de olika insikter som erhålls från analysen av VAS (M-Commerce), tillbaka ringningstoner från OnMobile, den roll som leverantörer av innehåll i värdekedjan och enkätresultat. Det följs av några förslag och möjliga framtida arbete om Value Added Services i Indien.

Förädlingsvärdemodellen har enligt tidigare forskning möjlighet att redovisa företags hållbara ansvarstagande på ett systematiskt och reglerat sätt vilket gör arbetet med hållbarhet möjligt att revidera och jämföra. Studiens syfte är att empiriskt testa en modifierad förädlingsvärdemodell och analysera svenska börsföretags förädlingsvärde fördelat mellan fyra hållbarhetsdimensioner. Vidare är syftet att se om skillnader i fördelningen av förädlingsvärdet finns mellan företag i olika storlekar och branscher.   Studien har gjorts genom kvantitativ metod och deduktiv ansats. Som tillvägagångssätt har innehållsanalys av företagens årsredovisningar valts. För att bearbeta och presentera datan har genomsnittsvärden och tabeller tagits fram.   Studiens empiriska resultat visar att svenska börsföretags hållbara ansvarstagande skiljer sig åt beroende på företagsstorlek och bransch. Slutsatser som dras är bland annat att stora företag tar ett större hållbarhetsansvar än små och medelstora företag samt att branscherna teknologi, hälsovård och industri är de branscher som tar det största hållbara ansvarstagandet.   Studiens praktiska resultat är att förädlingsvärdemodellen empiriskt testats och visat sig kunna användas för att analysera företags hållbara ansvarstagande. Det teoretiska resultatet är att skillnader i hur svenska börsföretag fördelar sina förädlingsvärden kan förklaras genom intressentteorin, legitimitetsteorin och enterpriseteorin. Förslag till fortsatt forskning är att testa modellen på fler företag i Sverige och i andra länder samt att testa beroendet mellan fördelningen, storlek och bransch.
The value added statement is a model that makes the sustainable responsibility taken by companies able to audit and compare in a systematic and regulated way. This study aims to empirically test a modified value added statement and analyze the Swedish listed companies value added distributed between the four dimensions of sustainability. Furthermore, the purpose is to see whether there are differences in the distribution of value added between companies of different sizes and industries.   The study is conducted with quantitative method, a deductive approach and content analysis of annual reports. To process and present the data, the average values ​​and tables have been produced.   The results shows that the model can be used to measure the listed Swedish companies' sustainable responsibility. The results also shows differences between small and medium-sized enterprises and large companies, and between companies in different industries. Conclusions that are drawn are that large companies and the industries technology, healthcare and industry are taking the biggest sustainable responsibility.   Suggestions for future research is to test the model on other companies in Sweden and in other countries. Other suggestions is to test the relations between the variables. The study's contribution is that the value added statement is empirically tested and proved to be useful to see the companies’ sustainable responsibility. The study also shows that the model can be used to see differences between companies of different size and industry, which can be explained by the stakeholder, legitimacy and enterprise theory.

We structure a literature review which we provide with broader definitions of the majorconcepts: value creation, cost efficiency (leadership), competitive strategies, financialperformance and statement analysis. The literature review focuses mainly on Hong Kongcontext and literatures supporting the similar business strategies among similar size ofcompanies from various industries.The study takes forms as a quantitative study with a deductive approach. A set offinancial performance data will be collected and examined, to show how companyperformance is correlated to its strategies and what an outcome is. We aim at providinganother perspective of investment analysis approach to the potential investors, so theycould embrace the whole picture of available information.We develop two groups of hypothesis; the first group is company’s strategy measures thatshow no effect on financial performance, the second group is company’s strategymeasures that show some effect on financial performance.The result indicates while normally staff cost and cost of sale are recognized as costleadership measure under product industry, it implies positive contribution to valuecreation financial performance in service industry, instead of having influence onprofitability. Also, the wealth generated from previous sale revenue margin will havepositive impact on company’s competiveness in the hotel industry.Keywords: value creation cost leadership, competitive strategies, financial performanceand statement analysis

As cooperativas são responsáveis por promoverem estímulos ao desenvolvimento local. Tendo em vista que as cooperativas visam satisfazer as necessidades econômicas e sociais de seus cooperados, essas entidades apresentam dupla natureza, econômica e social. Já existem estudos que analisam a necessidade de alteração no tratamento contábil das sociedades cooperativas tendo em vista a sua dupla natureza, objetivando poder demonstrar o efetivo impacto econômico e social causado pelas cooperativas. Nesse contexto, este trabalho busca demonstrar como impacto econômico e social das cooperativas agropecuárias pode ser evidenciado por meio da Demonstração do Valor Adicionado (DVA). Para atender esse objetivo da pesquisa, realizou-se a construção do modelo de Demonstração do Valor Adicionado e, em seguida, realizou-se uma pesquisa empírica por meio de um estudo de caso. Por fim, também realizou-se uma pesquisa com dados de 72 cooperativas do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, analisando as informações geradas sobre o valor adicionado. As principais alterações sugeridas no modelo vigente de DVA foram à separação do ato cooperado e não cooperado nas informações sobre receita e insumos adquiridos, permitindo que informações sobre o valor adicionado por cada ato seja gerada, a evidenciação da informação do diferencial de preço pago ao insumo adquirido do cooperado, inclusão dos itens referentes a remuneração da diretoria e assistência educacional aos empregados, inserção da informação sobre multas e infrações cometidas pela cooperativa, inclusão do grupo de contribuições socioeconômicas e dos itens de assistência técnica e educacional fornecidas aos cooperados. A realização do estudo de caso atestou a possibilidade de elaboração da DVA proposta para cooperativas agropecuárias com base nas informações contábeis disponíveis. Ademais, por meio das informações geradas, é possível demonstrar que as cooperativas agropecuárias produzem impacto econômico e social na região onde estão inseridas.
Cooperatives are responsible for stimulating local development. Given that cooperatives are intended to meet economic and social needs of their members, these entities have dual nature, economic and social. There are already studies analyzing the need for change in the accounting treatment of cooperative societies with a view to their dual nature making feasible the demonstration of effective economic and social impacts caused by cooperatives. Within this context, this paper aims to demonstrate how economic and social impacts of agricultural cooperatives may be evidenced through the Statement of Added Value (SAV). To accomplish the objective of the research, a model of Statement Added Value was made and then an empirical research was done through a case study. Finally, a survey of data from 72 cooperatives in the state of Rio Grande do Sul was carried out analyzing the information generated concerning added value. The main changes suggested in the SAV current model were the separation of the cooperative act and non-cooperative act regarding information based on revenues and inputs, allowing information on the added value by each act to be generated, disclosure about information of price differential paid to input purchased from the member of cooperative, besides inclusion of items concerning the remuneration of directors and employees\" educational assistance, insertion of information on fines and offenses committed by the cooperative, inclusion of socio-economic contributions made by the cooperative associates and technical and educational assistance items provided for members. The completion of the case study attested to the possibility of preparing the SAV proposal for agricultural cooperatives based on available financial information. Moreover, through the generated information, it is possible to demonstrate that agricultural cooperatives produce economic and social impacts on the region where they operate.

O objetivo da contabilidade é definido como fornecer aos seus usuários informações relevantes para a tomada de decisões. Porém, quem são os usuários e qual informação é relevante? O enfoque dado pela Teoria Positiva da Contabilidade considera os investidores dos mercados de capitais como os usuários das informações contábeis e essas são relevantes quando possuem um grau de associação estatisticamente significativo com o preço ou retorno das ações. Tendo em vista as mudanças na legislação societária que estão tramitando no Câmara dos Deputados, o Brasil poderá tornar obrigatória a elaboração e publicação da Demonstração do Valor Adicionado pelas companhias abertas. De forma similar à Demonstração do Resultado do Exercício, a DVA é uma demonstração de características dedutivas em que a última linha representa um resultado, nesse caso, a riqueza gerada pela empresa durante um período. Porém, em adição a essa informação, é evidenciado de que forma essa riqueza é distribuída para uma série de stakeholders, além da parcela distribuída aos proprietários, sócios ou acionistas. Logo, é uma demonstração mais ampla que a DRE, destinada a vários usuários, não apenas aos proprietários, sócios ou acionistas, como a DRE, a princípio, parece ser destinada. Mas, quando se leva em conta os conceitos da Teoria Positiva da Contabilidade, convêm perguntar: O valor adicionado líquido para distribuição, evidenciado através da DVA das companhias abertas que publicam a demonstração, é relevante para os investidores da Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo - BOVESPA? Buscar essa resposta é a proposta deste trabalho. Para tanto, utilizou-se de abordagem empírico-analítica para testar as hipóteses de pesquisa formuladas. A amostra de dados foi constituída pelas sociedades anônimas abertas que publicaram a DVA nos anos de 2000 a 2004. Para essa amostra de dados foi obtido o preço das ações quatro meses após o fechamento do exercício social (variável dependente), o valor adicionado líquido para distribuição por ação, o lucro líquido por ação e o patrimônio líquido por ação para os anos de 2000 a 2004 (variáveis independentes). A amostra final de dados foi constituída de 459 observações, sendo 202 para ações ordinárias e 257 para ações preferenciais. Todas variáveis foram ajustadas pelo preço da ação do período anterior. Os resultados dos testes empíricos demonstraram que o valor adicionado líquido para distribuição é relevante para os investidores do mercado de capitais, com grau de significância de 99%, o que confirma as evidências empíricas internacionais, entretanto, não houve um desempenho melhor tão evidente, medido pelo coeficiente R2, do valor adicionado líquido para distribuição sobre o lucro líquido e o patrimônio líquido, o que contraria as evidências empíricas internacionais. Quando se separou a amostra de dados entre as empresas com níveis diferenciados de governança corporativa da BOVESPA das demais empresas, observou-se que o poder explicativo do valor adicionado líquido para distribuição cresce de forma substancial nas empresas com níveis diferenciados de governança corporativa, especialmente no caso das ações preferenciais. Esses resultados demonstram a importância da DVA e contribuem para o debate acadêmico acerca da demonstração.
The objective of accounting is supply its users with relevant information to make useful decisions. However who are those users and which information are relevant? Under the focus of the Positive Accounting Theory, the users are the investors of financial markets and information is relevant when it has statistically association with prices or return of stocks. In Brazil, the mandatory preparation and publication of the Value Added Statement is close to near. Value Added Statement is a statement that demonstrates the generation of wealth of a company and how this wealth is distributed to several stakeholders and also to the stockholders. Therefore, it is a wider accounting statement than the Income Statement, because it is destined to several users. However, inside the perspectives of the Positive Accounting Theory a question seems to be necessary: The net value added generated by a company and disclosed in the Value Added Statement is relevant for the investors, or in other words, is relevant for financial markets? Look for an answer to this question is exactly what the present work intends to do. To do that, it was used an empiric-analytic approach to reach the objectives proposed for this study, and doing so, testing the research hypotheses related to the research problems proposed. The sample used was constituted by the public companies that published the Value Added Statement in the years 2000 to 2004. For this sample were obtained the price of the stocks four months after the closing of the fiscal year (dependent variable), the net value added for distribution, the net profit and the equity for the years from 2000 to 2004 (independent variables). After the process of discard of companies without data in the period, it was obtained a sample of data constituted by 459 firm-year observations, being 202 for common stocks and 257 for preferred stocks. All variables were considered by theirs per share value adjusted by the stock price of the previous year. The results of the empiric analysis demonstrated that the net value added for distribution is relevant to the financial market, with 99% degrees of significance, what confirms international empiric evidences presented in the theoretical framework, however, there?s not a better performance, measured for the coefficient R2 of the value added over net profit and equity, which goes contrary to international empirical evidences. When the sample was separated between companies with differentiated levels of corporate governance of BOVESPA of the other companies, it was observed that the explanatory power of the variable net value added for distribution increases enough in a general way for the ones, especially in the case of preferred stocks. Those results demonstrate the relevance of the Value Added Statement and contribute to the increase of the academic debate about this statement.

Submitted by Fabricia Fialho Reginato (fabriciar) on 2015-08-27T00:03:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EduardoWink.pdf: 1299490 bytes, checksum: 60333eeab1348508010e43c1e0a30a00 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-27T00:03:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EduardoWink.pdf: 1299490 bytes, checksum: 60333eeab1348508010e43c1e0a30a00 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27
Nenhuma
O objetivo desta dissertação foi analisar a geração e distribuição do valor adicionado produzido por entidades brasileiras, no período de 2008 a 2012, aos grupos envolvidos na sua criação: Capital, somados os de Terceiros e os Próprios, e Trabalho, por meio da Demonstração do Valor Adicionado (DVA). Para tanto, selecionaram-se cinquenta companhias de dezessete setores, presentes no ranking da revista Exame Melhores e Maiores, edição 2012. A investigação utilizou-se de métodos presentes na abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa de pesquisa objetivando explorar e responder a pergunta: Como tem se comportado a geração e distribuição de valor adicionado ao capital, de terceiros e próprios, e ao trabalho, no período de 2008 a 2012, em entidades brasileiras abertas? O nível de geração de valor adicionado das entidades analisadas oscilou verificando-se grande amplitude entre o que mais transformou – o setor de Serviços com média de 73% da receita transformada em valor adicionado – e o que menos agregou – o setor de Química e Petroquímica com 13% – resultando na diferença de 60% entre os dois setores. No que se refere ao número de funcionários da amostra, as companhias empregaram anualmente 1.187.337 pessoas em média, crescendo 32% no decorrer do período, o que pode explicar a crescente participação dos trabalhadores no valor adicionado gerado. Essas pessoas participaram da geração de riqueza, em termos monetários de R$428 bilhões ao ano ou, valor adicionado per capita médio de mais de R$360 mil. As companhias da amostra direcionaram mais valor adicionado aos capitais, no entanto, a parcela destinada aos trabalhadores cresceu mais e de forma estável, reduzindo-se historicamente a diferença. Das 50 entidades analisadas, 32 destinaram mais valor adicionado aos capitais, e 18 aos trabalhadores. Entre os 17 setores, apenas 4 destinaram mais aos funcionários. Mediante os achados desta pesquisa, é possível concluir que a DVA apresenta-se como um adequado instrumento para análise e comparação da geração e da distribuição do valor adicionado entre os agentes de trabalho e de capital.
The aim of this thesis is to analyze the generation and distribution of added value produced by Brazilian entities from 2008 to 2012, to the groups involved in its creation: Capital, including third-party capital and the entities’ own one; and Work, shown in the Value Added Statement (VAS). Fifty companies, from seventeen different sectors, present in the Exame Melhores e Maiores magazine, 2012 edition, were selected for this purpose. The researched applied both quantitative and qualitative methodology in order to approach and answer the question: How have the generation and distribution of added value to capital (including third-party and own), and to work behaved, between 2008 and 2012, in Brazilian open capital entities? The level of added value generation in the analyzed entities has oscillated, showing the biggest variation in the Service sector, with an average of 73% of revenue turned into added value – and the smallest variation in the Chemical and Petrochemical sector with 13%, resulting in a difference of 60% between the two sectors. Regarding workforce, these companies employ an average of 1.187.337 people yearly, with an increase of 32% in the period. That explains the growing participation of employees in the added value generated. Those people are part of wealth generation, translated into R$428 billion a year, meaning an average added value of R$360 thousand per capita. The companies in the sample have channelized more added value to capital, however the share destined to workers have risen in a more steadily way, reducing the historical difference. 32 from the 50 analyzed entities have addressed more added value to capital, whereas 18 of them, to workers. Among the 17 sectors, only 4 have given more to their employees. With the findings from this research it is possible to conclude that VAS is a suitable instrument for analyzing and comparing the distribution of added value between working agents and the capital.

A contabilidade, como veículo de informação, tem como um de seus grandes desafios colocar, à disposição de seus usuários, informações que retratem as relações das empresas com a sociedade. O Balanço Social, no todo, e a Demonstração do Valor Adicionado – DVA - como uma de suas vertentes, se apresentam como os instrumentos capazes de evidenciar tanto os aspectos econômicos, quanto os sociais, inovando o enfoque utilizado até então, e se constituindo nos mais ricos demonstrativos para aferição dessas relações. Entretanto, nenhum deles, apesar do poder informativo que possuem, vem sendo utilizado da forma esperada. Desmistificando o que vem sendo propagado, a realidade é que a utilização do Balanço Social e da DVA está muito aquém do desejado, seja no Brasil ou em âmbito internacional. Dessa forma, o principal objetivo deste estudo foi a realização de uma pesquisa junto a 198 empresas, retiradas do cadastro mantido pela FIPECAFI para edição anual de Melhores e Maiores da Revista Exame. Nessa pesquisa procurou-se avaliar o poder de aferição representado pela DVA, no que concerne a informações sobre a formação de riqueza pelas empresas e sua distribuição aos agentes econômicos que ajudaram a criá-la, como proprietário, sócios e acionistas, governo, financiadores externos, empregados e a própria empresa. Especificamente buscou-se, pelas informações prestadas na DVA, avaliar a relação existente entre a variação da riqueza criada e a remuneração paga aos funcionários. Algumas constatações foram possíveis durante a realização desse estudo, dentre elas: de 1996 a 2000 – período analisado – o número médio de pessoas empregadas nas empresas participantes da amostra, apresentou queda tanto no ramo industrial quanto no de serviços, onde se constatou a maior oscilação negativa no valor adicionado distribuído por empregado; dentro de um mesmo ano, as empresas consideradas como maiores criadoras de riqueza, não participaram do rol daquelas que mais distribuíram valor adicionado a empregados; em algumas empresas, setores ou ramos de atividade, a relação entre a evolução da riqueza e do valor adicionado distribuído por empregado se apresentou negativa, demonstrando que, enquanto uma das variáveis aumentava, com a outra ocorria exatamente o oposto. Ao final do estudo tornou-se possível afirmar que os indicadores retirados da DVA constituem-se num excelente avaliador da distribuição da riqueza, à disposição da contabilidade, no entanto sem nenhuma pretensão em substituir, ou até mesmo rivalizar, outros indicadores de riqueza já existentes.
Making available to its users information about the relations between companies and society is one of the great challenges for Accounting as an information vehicle. The Social Balance Sheet in general and the Statement of Value Added – SVA – as one of its complements appear as the instruments capable of demonstrating the economic as well as social aspects, thus innovating on what had been focused until then, which turns them into the richest statements for verifying these relations. Nevertheless, in spite of their informative power, none of them has been used as expected. Demystifying what is said about them, actually, the use of the Social Balance Sheet and the SVA does not correspond to what is desired, neither in Brazil nor abroad. Thus, a research was realized in 198 companies that were taken from FIPECAFI’s “Melhores e Maiores” database for the Magazine Exame. This survey aimed to evaluate the verifying power of the SVA with respect to information about companies’ wealth formation and its distribution to those economic agents that helped to create it, such as proprietors, partners and shareholders, government, external financiers, employees and the company itself. Through the information provided in the SVA, a specific attempt was made to evaluate the existing relation between the variation in created wealth and employees’ remuneration. During this study, some observations could be made, such as: between 1996 and 2000 – which is the period under analysis – the average amount of employees in the companies that made up the sample fell in the industrial as well as service areas, which demonstrated the highest negative variation in value added distributed to the employees; in one and the same year, the companies considered as the largest wealth generators were no part of the list of those companies that most distributed value added to employees; in some companies, sectors or activity fields, the relation between wealth evolution and distributed value added per employee turned out negative, which demonstrates that, while one of the variables increased, the other revealed exactly the opposite behavior. At the end of the study, it could be affirmed that the indicators taken from the SVA make up an excellent means of evaluating wealth distribution, which is available to accounting, although without any intent to substitute or even compete with other, already existing wealth indicators.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:39:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Natanael Cabral.pdf: 3230738 bytes, checksum: b7cc63c6c1f52e2e2dbc848005b2f232 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-10
This study aims to compare the composition of the data and the demonstration of Social Balance and Statement of Value Added to establish a discussion about contents that are presented in these financial reports. Thus, we performed a comparison between these financial statements of two major Brazilian companies listed in the ranking of companies most valuable brands in Latin America in 2011: Itaú/Unibanco and Petrobras, making a demonstrative analysis of information contained in the Social Balance of these companies, regarding their concern with social responsibility, and also demonstrate how they apply their wealth these data were extracted from Statement of Value Added of each one, in order to analyze and demonstrate the evolution or not as much data as made of the years presented. The analyzed and used datas for this study were gathered from extensive literature and academic literature on the subject and the official websites of the companies studied. Finally, it was noted that both companies use the IBASE model for preparation of the Social Balance, however, the issue of Statement of Value Added, there is no model followed, and the information contained in these approaches are differentiated. Based on this evidence, analyzes and critiques were developed involving the presented study
O presente estudo objetivou comparar a composição e demonstração dos dados do Balanço Social e Demonstrativo do Valor Adicionado, a fim de estabelecer uma discussão a respeito dos conteúdos que são apresentados nestes relatórios contábeis. Para isto, foi realizada uma comparação entre os demonstrativos financeiros, Balanço Social e Demonstração do Valor Adicionado de duas grandes empresas brasileiras − listadas no ranking das empresas de marcas mais valiosas da América Latina em 2011: o Itaú/Unibanco e a Petrobras − fazendo uma análise demonstrativa das informações contidas no Balanço Social destas empresas, no tocante à sua preocupação com a responsabilidade social e, ainda, demonstrar onde elas aplicam suas riquezas, dados estes, extraídos das Demonstrações do Valor Adicionado de cada uma delas, com o intuito de analisar e demonstrar a evolução ou não, tanto dos dados quanto dos feitos nos anos apresentados. Os dados pesquisados e utilizados para realização deste estudo foram extraídos de vasta literatura acadêmica e bibliográfica sobre o tema e dos sites oficiais das empresas estudadas. Por fim, observou-se, que ambas as empresas utilizam do modelo IBASE para a elaboração do Balanço Social, porém, na questão da Demonstração do Valor Adicionado não existe modelo seguido, bem como as informações e os enfoques contido nestes são diferenciados. Com base nestas evidências foram idealizadas as análises e críticas que envolvem o estudo apresentado

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:40:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernando Rodrigues de Carvalho.pdf: 617036 bytes, checksum: 7ab186ff293b00ca904f6b4e2e83f426 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-21
The aim of this paper is to show the relevance and contribution of the social data pertaining to the Social Report and mainly to the Added Value Statement. It is credited that its disclosure may help evaluate its effects upon the social environment as well as the remuneration attributed to several production factors. The wealth of management and financial data available is evidenced through the magnitude of the company of choice- Black & Decker do Brasil, a high income multi-national firm with limited responsibility and no obligation to publish its accounting reports. However, the 3.741/2000 bill which states that it is mandatory to make the accounting, financial , economic and social, led us to verify the applicability of such publications and the indexes of analysis commonly used. A bibliographic study, the Internet and a questionnaire given to one of the directors of the company were used to evaluate the applicability of such management ools. The diversity of material found in the Added Value Statement and the Social Report, which was used in the analyses, figures and conclusions, outstands the need of commitment of the productive sector in publishing their reports not only to their own clients but also to aware the general public of the responsibility of such companies in the economic context. Also, they would assure their reliability together with their politically correct role regarding the other stakeholders
O presente trabalho objetiva mostrar a importância e a contribuição das informações sociais contempladas no Balanço Social e, principalmente, na Demonstração de Valor Adicionado. Acredita-se, com a evidenciação destas demonstrações, na possibilidade de se avaliar os efeitos gerados no meio social e a remuneração atribuída aos diversos fatores de produção. A riqueza dos dados gerenciais e financeiros se mostra em um nível de relevância, perceptível ao se utilizar dados inspirados em uma empresa, neste trabalho, a Black & Decker do Brasil, referência utilizada, exatamente por se tratar de uma multinacional, de grande porte no tocante ao seu faturamento e de responsabilidade limitada sem a obrigatoriedade de publicação das demonstrações contábeis. Porém, com o Anteprojeto de Lei nº 3741/2000, e existindo entre seus artigos a obrigatoriedade de publicação de informações contábeis, financeiras, econômicas e também de aspecto social, desejou-se com este trabalho verificar a aplicabilidade quando da publicação dos relatórios descritos e dos indicadores de análise normalmente empregados. Valendo-se de referências bibliográficas, busca de informações na Internet e pesquisa por meio de um questionário aplicado junto a um dos Diretores da empresa, foi verificada a aplicabilidade das ferramentas gerenciais de análise mencionada. A diversidade de material oriundo da Demonstração do Valor Adicionado e das Informações Sociais, derivando-se em análises, cálculos e conclusões, podem expressar a importância e a responsabilidade dos empreendimentos produtivos em publicá-los não somente para o cliente interno, mas também para uma sociedade consciente a cada dia do papel responsável destas empresas no contexto econômico. Percebe-se assim, a relevância da publicação dessas demonstrações, não apenas pelas sociedades anônimas, mas por todas as empresas, expressando a sua idoneidade e o seu papel politicamente correto junto aos demais stakeholders

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:26:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabio Luiz Zandoval Bonazzi 1.pdf: 24418656 bytes, checksum: 849113d4892b542d0db44d6ce32061c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-26
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This study aimed to understand the intellectual capital role, in the value creation process, throughout the different phases of the business model, in a mobile value added service (VAS) company. The theoretical constructs of value, intellectual capital, business model and process perspective, have been reviewed. From these constructs, a conceptual model has been developed. This model is able to integrate human, structural and relational dimensions of intellectual capital, and guide them to process of creating, delivering and capturing value for the company, through a business model evolutionary perspective. The conceptual model was empirically applied to the Movile company, a VAS technology developer, through a single case study, carried out at an interval of 18 months, in a period comprised between april 2013 and september 2014. Data were collected from six interviews, and complemented by primary and secondary artifacts, as well as by direct observations. As a result, it has been observed that human, structural and relational dimensions of intellectual capital, are closely related to value creation process, and were gradually built and hinged along an organizational evolutionary process, of more than 15 years. During this period, six different business models were identified, involving the past, present and future of the company. In the initial phase, human and relational dimensions were essential to value creation. In subsequent steps, there was an importance alternation of dimensions in value creation process, and an enhancement of each dimension features, showing the relational dimension as a determining factor for value creation in the company long-term future. As an empirical contribution, the business model evolutionary analysis, through the articulation of the intellectual capital dimensions, provides analytical elements for new companies that emerge in Mobile VAS industry. In relation to the telecommunications companies, these tend to turn into a pipe performance, substantially focused on providing technology infrastructure to mobile VAS companies.
Teve-se como objetivo, neste estudo, compreender o papel do capital intelectual no processo de criação de valor ao longo das diferentes fases evolutivas do modelo de negócio de uma empresa de Serviço de Valor Agregado (SVA) móvel. Foram revisados os constructos teóricos de valor, capital intelectual, modelo de negócio e perspectiva processual. A partir deles, foi desenvolvido um modelo conceitual capaz de integrar as dimensões humana, estrutural e relacional do capital intelectual, e orientá-las ao processo de criação, entrega e captura de valor para a empresa, numa perspectiva evolutiva de modelo de negócio. Esse modelo conceitual, foi aplicado empiricamente na empresa Movile, desenvolvedora de tecnologia SVA móvel, por meio de um estudo de caso único, realizado em um intervalo de 18 meses, entre abril de 2013 e setembro de 2014. Os dados foram coletados mediante a realização de seis entrevistas e complementados por artefatos primários, secundários e observações diretas. Como resultado, pôde-se observar que as dimensões humana, estrutural e relacional do capital intelectual, encontram-se intimamente relacionadas ao processo de criação de valor, e foram gradativamente construídas e articuladas ao longo de um processo evolutivo organizacional de mais de 15 anos. Nesse período, foram identificados seis diferentes modelos de negócio, envolvendo o passado, presente e futuro da empresa. Na fase inicial, observou-se que as dimensões humana e relacional foram essenciais para a criação de valor. Nas etapas subsequentes, observou-se uma alternância da importância das dimensões no processo de criação de valor, e um aprimoramento e modificação das características de cada dimensão, evidenciando ser a dimensão relacional o fator determinante para a criação de valor em um futuro de longo prazo da empresa. Como contribuição empírica, a análise evolutiva do modelo de negócio, por meio da articulação das dimensões do capital intelectual, fornece elementos analíticos para as novas empresas que venham a surgir e se estabelecer no setor de SVA Móvel. No tocante às operadoras de telecomunicações, observou-se que essas tendem a evoluir para uma atuação de pipe, substancialmente voltada para o fornecimento de infraestrutura tecnológica às empresas de SVA móvel.

Este trabalho avalia os efeitos dos incentivos fiscais concedidos às indústrias instaladas na Zona Franca de Manaus na criação e distribuição de riqueza. A plataforma teórica tem como pilares as teorias sobre comércio exterior e a dos stakeholders, aliadas aos conceitos relativos às políticas de desenvolvimento econômico, às políticas de desenvolvimento industrial e aos incentivos fiscais. O modelo industrial Zona Franca de Manaus é caracterizado como Zona de Livre Comércio. Discute-se os conceitos, vantagens, desvantagens da Demonstração de Valor Adicionado (DVA) como instrumento contábil para medir a criação e distribuição de riqueza. A amostra deste estudo foi selecionada entre as indústrias instaladas na ZFM que publicam as demonstrações financeiras do banco de dados mantidos pela FIPECAFI, base para a edição Melhores e Maiores, da Revista Exame. Dentre essas empresas foram selecionadas 30 (trinta) para análise quanto à forma de contabilização dos incentivos fiscais, totalizando 150 (cento e cinquenta) demonstrações contábeis no período de 2003 a 2007. Para a análise de criação e distribuição de riqueza foram selecionadas todas as indústrias que elaboram e/ou divulgam a Demonstração de Valor Adicionado (DVA). Foram analisadas ao total 73 Demonstrações de Valor Adicionado para o período de 2003 a 2007 e comparadas a criação e a distribuição de riqueza com outros grupos de indústrias, localizados fora da Zona Franca de Manaus. Foram analisados os setores de autoindústria, bens de consumo e indústrias digital e de eletroeletrônicos e um grupo de controle de empresas pares, escolhidas em função da similaridade do setor de atuação e faturamentos. Para a comparação da forma de contabilização dos incentivos fiscais, especificamente o ICMS, foi utilizada a técnica de análise de conteúdo e estatística descritiva entre os grupos que contabilizam de forma correta e os que contabilizam de forma errada. Foram encontradas quatro formas de contabilização, nas quais se destacam 66,7% que contabilizam de forma errada e 20% de forma correta. Para a análise da criação de riqueza pelas empresas foram utilizadas as técnicas estatística análise de regressão e teste de média. Pela técnica de regressão linear as empresas industriais instaladas na Zona Franca de Manaus criam, em média, 30,96% de riqueza em função do faturamento, enquanto as empresas pares situadas fora dessa região criam, em média, 45,08%. Ao aplicar o teste de média, as empresas situadas na Zona Franca de Manaus, criam, em média 31,07% ao passo que as empresas pares situadas fora criam, em média, 54,36%. Destaque-se o fato de que as empresas industriais instaladas na Zona Franca de Manaus que contabilizam os incentivos fiscais, de maneira errada, especificamente o ICMS, evidenciam e publicam, de maneira equivocada, a criação de riqueza, em média, de 42,85% pela regressão linear e 32,41% pela média. Para a distribuição de riqueza foi pesquisada a distribuição para três grupos: pessoal, governos e proprietários. Foi utilizado o teste de média e os achados mostram que enquanto as empresas industriais instaladas na ZFM distribuem 27,28%, 54,42% e 1,82% aos empregados, governos e proprietários, respectivamente, as empresas pares situadas fora distribuem 36,31%, 41,54% e 6,44%, respectivamente. Os resultados finais da pesquisa chegam à conclusão que os incentivos fiscais concedidos pelo modelo industrial Zona Franca de Manaus às indústrias instaladas naquela região criam menos riqueza do que os mesmos setores ou similares instalados fora e sem os incentivos fiscais e distribuem menos riqueza aos empregados e aos proprietários, mas possuem efeitos positivos na parcela de riqueza distribuída aos governos, em função da riqueza criada.
This thesis assesses the effects of tax incentives granted to industrial enterprises located at the Manaus Free Trade Zone as far as generation and distribution of wealth goes. The theories of foreign trade and of stakeholders are the foundation, alongside concepts concerning policies of industrial development and tax incentives. The Free Trade Zone industrial model is characterized as a zone of free trade in its own right. Topics of discussion include the concepts, advantages, and disadvantages of Value Added Statements (VAS) as an accounting tool to measure the creation and distribution of wealth. The research sample was selected among the enterprises operating within MFTZ that disclose financial statements at the database kept by Fipecafi, which in turn feeds the issues of Maiores e Melhores, published by Exame Magazine. Thirty enterprises were then selected for analysis as to the way of accounting tax incentives, totaling 150 (a hundred and fifty) accounting statements in the period comprised between 2003 and 2007. All the industrial enterprises which produce and/or publish Value Added Statements were used in the part dedicated to the analysis of creation and distribution of wealth. On the whole, seventy three Value Added Statements were studied for the 2003-2007 period, and these were compared with the creation and distribution of wealth by other enterprises selected and set up outside Manaus Free Trade Zone. The sectors selected were automobile, consumer goods, digital products, and electric-electronic goods, together with a counterpart control group, chosen due to similarities in type of product and income. In order to compare the way tax incentives, in special ICMS (Value Added Tax on Sale and Services) are accounted, the content technique and the descriptive analysis were used with both, the groups that account these incentives correctly and the ones that do so incorrectly. Four accounting possibilities were found, and among them the emphasis lies on a 66.7% of wrong accounting manner, and a 20% of correct accounting manner. In order to perform the analysis of wealth creation by enterprises, the study resorted to regression analysis and mean test. The linear regression technique showed that industrial enterprises within MFTZ generate around 30.96% of wealth due to income, while counterpart enterprises located elsewhere generate an average 45.08%. The mean test demonstrates that enterprises located within the MFTZ create an average 31.07%, whereas the control group generates an average 54.39% wealth. It must be emphasized that enterprises that are placed within MFTZ, account tax incentives, especially ICMS incorrectly, disclose and publish wealth creation in the wrong way are an average 42.85% by linear regression and an average 32.41% by mean test. As to wealth distribution, three groups of recipients of wealth produced were analyzed: employees, governments, and shareholders. The mean test was used and the findings show that whereas enterprises in MFTZ dispense 27.85, 54.42%, and 1.82% respectively to employees, governments and shareholders, the control group distributes 36.31%, 41.54%, and 6,44% respectively. The final results of the research point to the conclusion that tax incentives granted by the industrial model of Manaus Free Trade Zone to enterprises located in that region generate less wealth than counterpart enterprises located outside the zone and which do not benefit from those incentives; besides, they distribute less wealth to employees and shareholders, but perform positively as to share of wealth granted to governments due to the wealth created.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:39:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edilson Muniz da Silva.pdf: 4391376 bytes, checksum: b120136ac9cc0503a75ba1e06ee20b11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-12
The Value Added Statement (VAS) is a statement created with the objective of making known the social responsibility of organizations. In Brazil, it was enacted through Law number 11.638 of December 28, 2007. Thus, VAS started to be part of mandatory financial statements published by publically traded companies, occasion which CVM (the Brazilian equivalent of the American SEC) through CVM act 557 of November 12, 2008, approved the draft of CPC 09 of October 15, 2008, edited into its final form on November 30, 2008, with a model to be utilized by publically traded companies. This study aims to analyze, by use of data gathering of 264 (two hundred and sixty four) publically traded companies VAS s, the final behavior of wealth distribution generated by firms, taking into account the period between 2007 and 2009, that is, prior to the global financial and economic crisis, with the goal of verifying the impact of unstable scenarios and crisis on wealth distribution and generation to such interest groups as employees, government, third-party capital remuneration, and pay equity. The paper tries to analyze and answer if there was an increase or reduction of wealth distribution to the Government during the crisis period and, consequently, if this reduction is gaugeable by use of VAS analysis. To conclude, it tries to verify, among the benefited groups from the wealth distribution of one of the firms, who has lost the most during the crisis period. The methodology used was that of descriptive research. For statistical analyses, the analysis of variance (ONEWAY ANOVA) with significance level less than or equal to 5% (p <0.05), multiple comparison tests in the SPSS system, as well as analysis and percentage of nominal rate for each publically traded companies VAS´s, accumulated according to the Bovespa economic sectors, have been used to test the data. The results show the existence of differences in the value added distribution to public interest, according to various economic sectors. In addition, it was found that the Government's participation in value added - in absolute growth - was constant, and it kept the largest added value share generated in the accumulated DVAS analyzed
A Demonstração de Valor Adicionado (DVA) é uma demonstração que foi criada com a finalidade de tornar pública a responsabilidade social das organizações. No Brasil, sua elaboração tornou-se obrigatória a partir da edição da Lei n° 11.638, de 28 de dezembro de 2007. Assim, a DVA passou a integrar as demonstrações contábeis obrigatórias a serem publicadas pelas empresas de capital aberto, ocasião em que a CVM, por meio da Deliberação CVM n° 557, de 12 de novembro de 2008, aprovou a minuta do CPC 09, de 15 de outubro de 2008, editado em forma final em 30 de novembro de 2008, com o modelo a ser utilizado por essas empresas. O presente estudo tem por objetivo, a partir da coleta de dados das DVA s de 264 (duzentas e sessenta e quatro) Companhias Abertas, de acordo com as 10 (dez) classificações econômicas setoriais da BOVESPA, analisar o comportamento da distribuição da riqueza gerada pelas empresas, levando-se em consideração o período compreendido entre 2007 e 2009, ou seja, antes e depois da crise financeira e econômica global, com o propósito de verificar o impacto que os cenários de estabilidade e crise produziram na geração e na distribuição da riqueza aos públicos de interesse, assim definidos: Trabalhadores, Governo, Remuneração de Capitais de Terceiros e Remuneração de Capitais Próprios. O trabalho tenta analisar e responder se no período de crise houve redução da distribuição da riqueza para o Governo e, consequentemente, se essa redução é aferível pela análise da DVA. Por fim, procura verificar, entre os públicos beneficiados com a distribuição da riqueza das empresas, quem mais ganhou ou perdeu no período da crise. A metodologia utilizada é a pesquisa descritiva, e para a análise dos dados estatísticos recorre-se aos testes da análise de variância (ANOVA ONEWAY) com nível de significância menor ou igual a 5% (p £ 0,05) e testes de comparações múltiplas no sistema SPSS, além de análises percentuais e nominais das DVA s acumuladas para cada setor da classificação Bovespa. Os resultados mostram a existência de diferenças nas distribuições de valor adicionado aos públicos de interesse de acordo com os vários setores econômicos. Além disso, verifica-se que a participação do Governo no valor adicionado em valores absolutos teve crescimento constante, ficando este com a maior parcela do valor adicionado gerado nas DVA s acumuladas analisadas

The theoretical part of the graduation theses describes the theoretical basis of the exist broad issue and involves the basic processes and methods of bookkeeping and creating of the final accounts at accounting period of the year 2009 in accordance with actual legislation. The practical part of the graduation theses includes practical application of the theoretical basis onto the concrete company. The output of the graduation theses will be the methodology of accounting and creating of the final accounts at accounting period of the year 2009 for the concrete company.

Taxes are the most important revenue of the public budgets. The state dedicates great alertness to their right collection. In the area of value added tax, handing in control statement and introducing electronic record of sales, among other things, bring a contribution. The aim of this thesis is to assess effects of these instruments in connection with changes in VAT collection in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part brings a description of individual instruments that are used to increase VAT collection - tax rates, reverse charge, security orders, recapitulative statement, control statement, electronic register of sales. In the practical part the contribution of the adopted measures is surveyed on the basis of estimations and analyses. The effect of the control statement is calculated on the data about excessive deductions. Common influence of the instruments is investigated through analyses of VAT collection and final consumption, it comes to a calculation of possible impacts of the implemented measures. The thesis captures above all the period between the years 2015 - 2018 when the same VAT rates are valid and so computations are not influenced by rate change.

This thesis deals with an issue of indirect taxes evasion and analyzes how to fight them. The aim of this piece of work is to provide basic insight into the issue of indirect tax evasion and also to describe and evaluate some of the latest tools used in the fight against them. I have no intention to analyze the topic in detail as the possibility to do so is limited by the extent of the diploma thesis. The thesis itself is divided into three parts. In the introductory part, a term tax is defined and a system of indirect taxes is briefly described. Moreover, specific indirect taxes in the Czech Republic are defined with the respect to their legal construction and regulation. To demonstrate the importance of indirect taxes, the first chapter of the thesis covers also information about the revenue of each indirect tax for the state budget. The second chapter deals with theoretical background of the taxes evasion issue and ways of their realisation. Firstly, the term tax evasion is defined as a technical term and then it is compared to tax optimisation as described. To make the theoretical picture complete, psychological and economical aspects of the issue are mentioned as models describing factors influencing origin of tax evasions. Another part of the thesis is focused on ways of realisation of tax...

The final thesis deals with the amendment of Act no. 235/2004 Coll., Value added tax Act, as amended, which extends the reverse charge and introduces new institute of review statement. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate the new regulation in terms of its suitability and potential benefits and also in terms of its failings and disadvantages. Concurrently the thesis focuse on the evaluation of the impact of extending the reverse charge and introducing the institute of review statement on the fight against value added tax evasions, which are represented mainly by carousel frauds. The thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter describes the basic characteristics of value added tax as an indirect tax, based on the principle of paying the tax on output and consecutive application of the deduction, and further discusses the basic structural elements of the tax. The explanation focused on the value added tax frauds is given at the end of the firts chapter, where is detailly described the functioning of the carousel frauds with cross-border element, which are becoming more important. The second chapter deals with the reverse charge in form in which applied until 31st December 2014. There is an interpretation of transactions which falled under this special mode in terms of European...

Setting up a financial plan for a specific business plan. A detailed description of the process of creating a financial plan that contains all the necessary calculations in connection with the way of financing and the feasibility of the business plan. Defining the basic terms relating to the business plan, in particular its usual structure, the content of this document in the framework of the pre-investment preparation.

The thesis deals with the emergence of bank and non-bank entities that provide a range of unique transaction-based payment services broadly called Mobile Financial Services (MFS) to unbanked, underserved and underbanked persons via mobile phones. Models of MFS from Mobile Network Operators (MNOs), banks, combinations of MNOs and banks, and independent Mobile Financial Services Providers are covered. Provision by non-banks of ‘bank-type’ services via mobile phones has been termed ‘transformational banking’ versus the ‘additive banking’ services from banks. All involve the concept of ‘branchless banking’ whereby ‘cash-in/cash out’ services are provided through ‘agents.’ Funds for MFS payments may available through a Stored Value Product (SVP), particularly through a Stored Value Account SVP variant offered by MNOs where value is stored as a redeemable fiat- or mobile ‘airtime’-based Store of Value. The competitive, legal, technical and regulatory nature of non-bank versus bank MFS models is discussed, in particular the impact of banking, payments, money laundering, telecommunications, e-commerce and consumer protection laws. Whether funding mechanisms for SVPs may amount to deposit-taking such that entities could be engaged in the ‘business of banking’ is discussed. The continued use of ‘deposit’ as the traditional trigger for the ‘business of banking’ is investigated, alongside whether transaction and paymentcentric MFS rises to the ‘business of banking.’ An extensive evaluation of ‘money’ based on the Orthodox and Claim School economic theories is undertaken in relation to SVPs used in MFS, their legal associations and import, and whether they may be deemed ‘money’ in law. Consumer protection for MFS and payments generally through current statute, contract, and payment law and common law condictiones are found to be wanting. Possible regulatory arbitrage in relation to MFS in South African law is discussed. The legal and regulatory regimes in the European Union, Kenya and the United States of America are compared with South Africa. The need for a coordinated payments-specific law that has consumer protections, enables proportional risk-based licensing of new non-bank providers of MFS, and allows for a regulator for retail payments is recommended. The use of trust companies and trust accounts is recommended for protection of user funds. | vi
Public, Constitutional and International Law
LLD