Relevant bibliographies by topics / Västerås (Sweden)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Västerås (Sweden)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Västerås (Sweden)"

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Andersson, Roland. "Evaluation of school closings: A case study from Västerås, Sweden." Journal of Urban Economics 23, no. 2 (March 1988): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0094-1190(88)90011-3.

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Cranmer, Frank. "The Church of Sweden and the Unravelling of Establishment." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 5, no. 27 (July 2000): 417–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00004014.

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The Church of England and the Church of Sweden have been in communion with one another since the early 1920s and have much in common. Both maintain the historic episcopate, both place great emphasis on liturgy, and since the Reformation both have long been ‘by law established’—a process which began in Sweden when Gustavus Vasa took the throne in 1523 after the successful war of liberation against Denmark, was confirmed by the Riksdag of Västerås in 1544 and, after some vicissitudes, was finally settled by the Pact of Succession of 1604.
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Sundman, Elin Ahlin, and Anna Kjellström. "Medieval Masculinities and Violence: Weapon-Related Trauma in Skeletal Assemblages from Two Religious Houses in Iceland and Sweden." European Journal of Archaeology 23, no. 4 (April 17, 2020): 567–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2020.20.

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Previous research has shown that physical violence had a normative presence in medieval Nordic societies. In this study, weapon-related trauma (WRT) was examined in human skeletal assemblages from two religious houses, Skriðuklaustur in Iceland, and Västerås in Sweden. The aims were to identify patterns of WRT and to relate these to the masculinities of different groups of men. Violence was a prominent component of identity among lay men, especially for men with warrior experience. The use of violence was more problematic among clerics. The hypothesis that these notions of ideal masculine behaviour would affect the ways in which masculinities were enacted and would be reflected in the patterns of WRT was borne out by the results of this study. No WRT was identified among the canons and lay brothers in Skriðuklaustur, but it was present in about thirty per cent of the males interpreted as belonging to the lay elite buried in the northern part of the church at Västerås.
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Liu, Tingting, Qian Zhang, Xiaowen Kang, Jiaqi Hou, Tao Luo, and Yi Zhang. "Household Food Waste to Biogas in Västerås, Sweden: A Comprehensive Case Study of Waste Valorization." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 21, 2022): 11925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141911925.

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Sustainable large-scale household food waste (HFW) reutilization is difficult worldwide. This study presents a systematic and in-depth analysis of the case of Västerås, Sweden, where biogas has been produced from HFW for years and utilized as renewable vehicle fuel. Various aspects are covered, including the logistic flow, energy recovery, environmental benefits, cost-benefit analysis, and social survey. In 2017, 8879 tons of food waste were collected from Västerås city, which could generate 590,000 Nm3 biomethane and support 21 biogas-powered buses. A reduction of 1052.9–1541.2 tons of CO2-eq was estimated by replacing fossil fuels in vehicles and centralized composting units for HFW. The actual operating profit of this process amounted to 6.604 million Swedish Krona (SEK), and the maximized environmental economic benefit was estimated to be 3.15–3.73 million SEK/year. The active participation of the residents to source-separate their HFW was crucial to the success of the project, and the driving factors were tentatively identified as value orientation and facility convenience. With information pooled from various sectors, this study constructs a comprehensive reference case for industrial, academic, and municipal entities that are interested in similar practices in the future.
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Vassileva, Iana, and Javier Campillo. "Consumers’ Perspective on Full-Scale Adoption of Smart Meters: A Case Study in Västerås, Sweden." Resources 5, no. 1 (January 6, 2016): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources5010003.

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Andersson, Roland. "On the lakefront? a cost-benefit analysis of alternative location of housing in Västerås, Sweden." Project Appraisal 3, no. 2 (June 1988): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02688867.1988.9726666.

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Berntson, Martin. "The Dissolution of the Monasteries in Sweden during the Reformation." Religions 15, no. 7 (June 26, 2024): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel15070775.

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This article discusses the dissolution of the monasteries in 16th century Sweden. The approximately fifty monasteries and friar’s convents that existed in Sweden in the early 16th century were all dissolved over a period of about eighty years. Decisive for this development were decisions during the Diet in Västerås 1527, which decreed that monasteries that depended on tax from their estates should be subordinated under a nobleman, and that the mendicant friars should not be allowed to travel outside their convents more than ten weeks each year. Whilst most of the monasteries inhabited by monks or brothers had been dissolved before the 1560s, four female houses were still in existence at this time. These remaining nunneries were supported financially by the state, possibly to safeguard the nuns’ social welfare. However, the monastic institutions were to meet a short-lived revival through the reign of King Johan III (rule 1568–1592), who not only supported them economically but also renovated a few of them and allowed Catholic priests to encourage Catholicism in Vadstena Abbey. Through this process of re-catholicizing, any prospects of creating successful Evangelical communities in Sweden were lost. The last remaining nunnery, Vadstena Abbey, was a vibrant Catholic institution when it was forced to close in 1595.
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Ahlin Sundman, Elin. "Masculinities and diet: An analysis of skeletal material from the dominican priory in Medieval Västerås, Sweden." Norwegian Archaeological Review 51, no. 1-2 (June 18, 2018): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00293652.2018.1483965.

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Lilliedahl, Jonathan. "How School Finance Reforms Affect the Local Policy Landscape and Funding of Schools: A Case Study of the Transformation of the Swedish Model, 1989–1992." Nordic Journal of Educational History 9, no. 1 (June 17, 2022): 107–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36368/njedh.v9i1.303.

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This article examines a specific localisation issue concerning a municipal comprehensive school in the city of Västerås, Sweden, that was brought about by two state reforms between 1989 and 1992: a) the decentralisation of the education system, and b) the introduction of school vouchers. The municipal school in question closed for the academic year 1991/1992, then re-emerged as an independent school one year later. My case study illustrates how, in historical perspective, financial reforms can affect the provision and funding of local schools in the political landscape of public–private partnerships. Documents from city archives and local newspaper accounts of the extensive debate form the basis of the analysis. A multiple streams framework is used to conceptualise the relationship between problems, policies, and politics. Policy entrepreneurs and time-specific windows of opportunities are identified as crucial to the historical understanding of how the multiple streams were coupled in the local policy landscape for the funding of schools.
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Rosén, B., and C. Huijbregsen. "The ScanDeNi® process could turn an existing under-performing activated sludge plant into an asset." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 11 (June 1, 2003): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0583.

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With tightening up of effluent discharge standards from wastewater treatment facilities, many plants are facing costly augmentations and in many cases completely new plants will have to be constructed. The ScanDeNi® process was developed in Sweden for increased nitrogen removal at the Västerås Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), 125,000 p.e. near Stockholm, and can be described as a modified contact stabilisation process with pre-denitrification and a selector stage for nitrification. The STP was upgraded at a cost of some 25 Mill. SEK (2.5 Mill. USD). It has been successfully in operation since 1998, exceeding all expectations. The process is showing the following major advantages.•25-35% less volume for the same Sludge Retention Time (SRT) and secondary sedimentation sludge load, compared to conventional pre-denitrification; or a 25-35% higher load can be applied within the same volume with the same removal efficiencies. • The selector mechanism appears to be not limited to the nitrifying bacteria alone. Other microorganisms appear to be responsible for the reduction of surface active matter from the return activated sludge (RAS), as well as in the reject stream from sludge dewatering, resulting in an increase in a-values of approximately 50%.•Due to the high a-values less aeration is required, resulting in significant operating cost savings.•‘Automatic’ creation of anaerobic conditions, enabling biological phosphorus removal. Whilst rarely a concern in warmer climates, BNR plants in cold climates in winter often lose their capacity to nitrify. The Västerås STP has consistently maintained excellent effluent quality even with effluent temperatures as low as 7°C, and at an SRT of some 7-9 days, proving the effectiveness of the nitrifier selector. The ScanDeNi® process could offer excellent effluent discharge standards (T-N < 10 mg/L, T-P <0.5 mg/L) in smaller tank volumes and at a significantly lower operating cost, compared to conventional pre-denitrification systems.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Västerås (Sweden)"

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Blinke, Jacob, Evelynne Geiger, and Amanda Edlund. "Examination of Ancient Scandinavian Archaeological Findings : From Tortuna in Västerås, Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231497.

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This study concerns the examinations of archaeological steel-objects from the Iron Ages, found in Tortuna outside Västerås, Sweden. Not many metallurgical analyses have been made on steel objects from the Iron Ages, most likely in order to preserve the findings. Therefore, very little knowledge about old steel materials exists.The main goal of this study was to investigate how steel-made items from the Iron Ages were created, what they have been used for, and determine what kind of metallurgical knowledge the blacksmiths of the Iron Ages had. The experiments were conducted with light optical microscopy in order to investigate the morphology of the materials and with Vickers hardness test, to investigate the hardness of the materials. The investigation gave varying results for the different iron-made objects. All of the objects have been forged in some way. Most of the objects, were made of heterogeneous low carbon steel with a mainly ferritic structure. Some items also showed a martensitic structure with a ferritic core, which concludes that the smiths probably knew how to quench and temper steel. Due to heavy corrosion on many ofthe items, further investigation is needed to strengthen the conclusions made in this report.
Denna studie behandlar undersökningar av arkeologiska stålobjekt från järnåldern,hittade i Tortuna utanför Västerås, Sverige. Det har inte gjorts många metallurgiska analyser på stålobjekt från järnåldern, troligen för att bevara föremålen. Därför finnsdet lite kunskap om gamla stålmaterial. Huvudsyftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur föremål i stål från järnåldern tillverkades, vad de har använts för och bestämma vilken typ av metallurgisk kunskap dåtiens smed besatt. Experimenten utfördes med hjälp av ljus optisk mikroskop för att undersöka materialets morfologi och med hjälp av Vickers hårdhetsprov för att undersöka materialens hårdhet. Undersökningen gav olika resultat för föremålen. Alla föremål är smidda på något sätt. De flesta föremålen bestod av heterogent kolstål med huvudsakligen ferritisk struktur. Vissa föremål visade också en martensitisk struktur med en ferritisk kärna,vilket visar på att smeden troligen visste hur man härdar och anlöper stål. På grund av stor korrosion på många av föremålen krävs ytterligare analyser för att stärka slutsatserna i denna rapport.
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Nygren, Anton, and Elin Sundström. "Modelling bifacial photovoltaic systems : Evaluating the albedo impact on bifacial PV systems based on case studies in Denver, USA and Västerås, Sweden." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-55111.

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This study aims to develop a simulation and optimisation tool for bifacial photovoltaic (PV) modules based on the open-source code OptiCE and evaluate dynamic and static albedo impact on a bifacial PV system. Further, a review of the market price development of bifacial PVs' and an optimisation to maximise energy output was conducted. Two case studies with bifacial PV modules, a single-axis tracker in Denver, USA, and a vertical and a tilted system installed at a farm outside Västerås, Sweden, were analysed in this study. The results showed that an hourly dynamic albedo value could provide more accurate simulation results of the rear side irradiance for the bifacial single-axis tracker than a static albedo value. The developed model showed an R2 accuracy of 93% and 91% for the front and rear sides, respectively, when simulated with an hourly albedo value for the bifacial single-axis tracker system. The optimisation was based on weather data from 2020. The results showed that the tilted reference system could increase its energy output by 8.5% by adjusting its tilt from 30° to 54° and its azimuth angle from 0 to -39°. In contrast, the vertical system would increase its energy output by 2.1% by rotating the azimuth angle from -90° to -66°. Conclusions that could be drawn are that bifacial PV price has closed in on the high-performance monofacial PV price the last five years and may continue to decrease in the coming years. Further, it was concluded that detailed dynamic albedo values lead to more accurate simulations of the ground-reflected irradiance. The availability of measured albedo data at the location is essential when the ground-reflected irradiance stands for a significant share of the irradiance. It was determined that during 2020 the optimal configurations of a vertical and tilted bifacial PV system in Västerås would save 11 300 SEK by consuming self-produced electricity and earn 11 600 SEK from selling the surplus of electricity for the farm outside Västerås.
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Andersson, Eva. "Från Sorgedalen till Glädjehöjden – omgivningens betydelse för socioekonomisk karriär." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-1412.

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The aim of the study is to analyse the significance of surroundings for an individual's socio-economic career in the form of education, occupational status and income. Guided by a social theoretical perspective the study reveals places of good fortune and places of few opportunities. The approach uses two empirical data sets. The first is a register database with in-dividuals in the Swedish municipalities of Gävle, Jönköping and Västerås. A cluster analysis was conducted and forms the physical and socio-demographic context of the 248 areas. The survey cohort consists of individuals born 1970, who lived at least five years in the same area during their adolescence. The most important finding is that the socio-demographic and physical context of the residential area of adolescence affects the subsequent socio-economical career. The second data set includes data from an interview study carried out with residents in the three municipalities. Inter-viewees speak to contextual effects on their socio-economic career and emphasised the importance of surroundings, especially for children. More specifically, the quantitative multi-level analyses showed that the individ-ual’s socio-demographic context during 1985-89 was significantly associated with his/her education in 1995. The individuals who lived in dwellings built during the Million Programme era had fewer years of education than others did and lower chances of being employed. Favourable places for a socio-economic career are those dominated by middle-class families where contextual effects towards higher educa-tion are evident. The income of an individual though can not be clearly considered as effected from the context in the residential area. The political implications of the study should be considered together with the nu-merous area-based programs in Sweden directed to improve conditions such as de-gree of occupation, education and income. Further studies on contextual effects can help to guide allocation of resources to schools and education in certain residential areas.
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Tång, Alfred. "3D Surround Sound Application for Game Environments." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-26120.

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This report covers the creation and implementation of a 3D audio application using FMOD Ex API. The report will also cover a walkthrough of the basic principles of 3D and surround audio, examples of other uses of 3D audio, a comparison between available technologies today, both software and hardware and finally the result of the implementation of the 3D sound environment software, both server and client. The application was created to explore the use of 3D audio in immersive environments. There was no application like this available when this project was conducted. An inductive approach along with a form of rapid application development and scenario creation was used to achieve the results presented in this report. The implementation resulted in a working client and server software which is able to create a 3D sound environment. Based on a user evaluation the software proved to be quite successful. With the help of the implementation the user, or operator, can now create a sound environment for another user, or a listener. The environment is created and designed by the operator using the client side of the implementation and later played through the server side which is connected to a 4.1 speaker system. The operator can steer and add sounds from the client to an active environment and the listener can experience the change in real time. This project was conducted as a bachelor thesis in computer science at Mälardalens University in Västerås, Sweden.
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Pettersson, Siri. "Makrofossilanalys som ekologiskt verktyg : En metodutvärdering." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-321511.

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Approximately 50 percent of all endangered species in Scandinavia are associated with old agricultural landscapes. During the agricultural industrialization of the past century the traditional practices and methods that created these environments have been phased out. This has brought on a serious decline and fragmentation of biomes that many endangered species depend on. Knowledge of traditional agricultural landscapes and their species dynamics is needed to make well informed decisions regarding their care and restoration. One way to acquire such knowledge is to study fossil plant remnants from old agricultural contexts. In this study sub-fossil Cyperaceae achenes were analyzed in an attempt to identify them. The achenes had been preserved in three Iron Age wells (80-980 AD) at the Gilltuna settlement in central Sweden and were found during an archeological investigation in 2010. The purpose of this study was to identify the achenes to species level, make conclusions about the ecology of the surrounding landscape, and construct simple species identification key as well as evaluate archaeobotany as an ecological tool. The identification attempt resulted in 14 determined species, which were in consistency with previous landscape analyses made using ecological species distribution. The resulting identification key is a suggestion, to be expanded in the future. This method can undoubtedly provide further knowledge of prehistoric and historical biomes, but in order to draw useful conclusions the identification technique further as well as knowledge of present regional ecology must be developed, especially concerning different Cyperaceae species‟ response to different kinds of stress.
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Filipsson, Kristoffer. "Det stora landet i Väster : En kvalitativ innehållsanalys av svenska läroböckers framställning av emigrationen till Amerikas förenta stater." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för samhälls- och kulturvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-31428.

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Books on the topic "Västerås (Sweden)"

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Hedlund, Ruth. Västerås slott: Fogdeborg, kungaslott, fängelse och residens. [Västerås, Sweden]: Västmanlands läns museum, 1990.

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Nisbeth, Åke. Engsö slott. Stockholm: Bokförlaget Signum, 2011.

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Symposium on Microprocessing and Microprogramming (24th 1998 Västerås, Sweden). Proceedings, 24th EUROMICRO Conference: Västerås, Sweden, August 25-27, 1998. Los Alamitos, Calif: IEEE Computer Society, 1998.

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Hemming, Sture. Graduale Arosiense och den medeltida musiken i Västerås. Uppsala: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1995.

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Katedralen i Västerås: Andligt och världsligt under åtta sekel. Stockholm: Bokförlaget Langenskiöld, 2019.

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Malyarenko, Anatoliy, Sergei Silvestrov, and Milica Rančić. Algebraic Structures and Applications: SPAS 2017, Västerås and Stockholm, Sweden, October 4-6. Springer, 2020.

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Malyarenko, Anatoliy, Sergei Silvestrov, and Milica Rančić. Stochastic Processes and Applications: SPAS2017, Västerås and Stockholm, Sweden, October 4-6 2017. Springer International Publishing AG, 2018.

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Malyarenko, Anatoliy, Sergei Silvestrov, and Milica Rančić. Algebraic Structures and Applications: SPAS 2017, Västerås and Stockholm, Sweden, October 4-6. Springer International Publishing AG, 2021.

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Ni, Ying, Milica Rančić, Anatoliy Malyarenko, and Sergei Silvestrov. Stochastic Processes, Statistical Methods, and Engineering Mathematics: SPAS 2019, Västerås, Sweden, September 30 - October 2. Springer International Publishing AG, 2023.

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Pearce, David, Benoit Combemale, Olivier Barais, and Jurgen Vinju. Software Language Engineering: 7th International Conference, SLE 2014, Västerås, Sweden, September 15-16, 2014. Proceedings. Springer London, Limited, 2014.

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Conference papers on the topic "Västerås (Sweden)"

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Davoodi, Anahita, Peter Johansson, Thorbjörn Laike, and Myriam Aries. "Current Use of Lighting Simulation Tools in Sweden." In The 60th SIMS Conference on Simulation and Modelling SIMS 2019, August 12-16, Västerås, Sweden. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp20170206.

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Krayem, Alaa, Mohammed Guezgouz, and Fredrik Wallin. "Heat Demand Modelling for a Sustainable Urban Development Project: A Case Study of Kopparlunden in Västerås, Sweden." In 64th International Conference of Scandinavian Simulation Society, SIMS 2023 Västerås, Sweden, September 25-28, 2023. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp200002.

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As cities grow and develop, urban planners face an increasing challenge to create more sustainable and environment friendly communities. The Kopparlunden district in Västerås, Sweden, is no exception, with plans underway to transition the area to a more sustainable neighborhood. To assist this effort, this paper presents a simple grey box modeling approach to predict the heat demand of eight buildings in the area. As the city transforms from a historical industrial district to a mixed district with residential buildings, shops, and offices, the model will allow urban planners to predict their new heat demand. The model is calibrated using a genetic algorithm, then validated using real historical data. The results show a good accuracy of the model and highlight the importance of increasing the insulation efficiency of the walls in the modelled buildings. The model can be used to predict the heat demand variations, with minimum error of 2.49 kW and up to 16.6 kW for large buildings. The model highlights the importance of energy modeling for urban development projects and shows its significance as a tool to aid in decision-making towards sustainable and more efficient urban areas.
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Monghasemi, Nima, Stavros Vouros, Konstantinos Kyprianidis, and Amir Vadiee. "Performance assessment of a photovoltaic/thermal-powered absorption chiller for a restaurant." In 64th International Conference of Scandinavian Simulation Society, SIMS 2023 Västerås, Sweden, September 25-28, 2023. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp200017.

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In recent years the demand for cooling in buildings has grown steadily due to factors such as climate change and increased use of technology in Sweden. The increase of cooling demand occurs mainly during peak demand periods, where there is limited cooling capacity combined with limited distribution capacity in the district cooling network. Sweden has experienced considerable growth in the solar energy market in recent years, though its utilization has been mostly limited to power generation. To fulfill the cooling demand increase, solar driven cooling is a viable solution alternative to traditional cooling methods. The use of solar cooling is still in its early stages in Sweden. The aim of this work is to design a simulation model of a solar absorption cooling system for a full-service restaurant prototype building. The system layout consists of photovoltaic/thermal collector, storage tank, single-effect absorption chiller, auxiliary heater, and cooling tower. The results revealed the system ability to meet the cooling load while delivering sufficient hot water for the establishment. Higher solar fraction confirmed that using photovoltaic/thermal collector is more competitive than solar thermal collectors based on restaurant operational activities. A levelized cost of cooling of 0.164 €kWh⁄ indicated the system cost-effectiveness in comparison to similar setups in other favorable European locations for solar energy utilization.
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Warners, Justin, Stavros Vouros, Konstantinos Kyprianidis, R. Benders, and P. Nienhuis. "Future Potential Impact of Wind Energy in Sweden’s bidding area SE3." In 64th International Conference of Scandinavian Simulation Society, SIMS 2023 Västerås, Sweden, September 25-28, 2023. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp200034.

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This research addresses the potential for increasing wind power in Sweden’s bidding area SE3. Sweden currently faces an energy imbalance, with larger production in the north and high demand in the south. Four bidding areas were introduced to incentivize energy production in the south. SE3, the largest bidding area, represents 60% of total demand. Using Seasonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA), historic data analysis from 2007 to 2022 is forecasted to a medium long-term future of 2035. Forecasting the observed trends reveals a potential supply deficit even under minimum demand growth scenarios made in literature. Closure of nuclear plants contributes to the shortfall, and the increasing trend in solar and wind power falls short. To study the impact wind power can have, the monthly wind patterns are analyzed, and used to calculate the power potential of different turbine capacities. Offshore areas show the highest potential for increasing wind power capacity in SE3. Economic factors, like payback time, are considered. The research concludes that there is technically and economically viable potential for wind power capacity to address the demand-supply gap by 2035. However, it depends on permitted areas, excluding built areas, UNESCO sites, and fishing routes. Future research should further explore these restrictions and address the seasonal variability in wind power to improve the understanding of the potential for wind power in the SE3 bidding area.
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Netzell, Pontus, Hussain Kazmi, and Konstantinos Kyprianidis. "Applied Machine Learning for Short-Term Electric Load Forecasting in Cities - A Case Study of Eskilstuna, Sweden." In 64th International Conference of Scandinavian Simulation Society, SIMS 2023 Västerås, Sweden, September 25-28, 2023. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp200005.

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With the growing demand, electrification, and renewable proliferation, the necessity of being able to forecast future demand in combination with flexible energy usage is tangible. Distribution network operators often have a power capacity limit agreed with the regional grid, and economic penalties await if crossed. This paper investigates how cities could deal with these issues using data-driven approaches. Hierarchical electric load data is analyzed and modeled using Multiple Linear Regression. Key calendar variables holidays, industry vacation, ”Hour of day” and ”Day of week” are identified alongside the meteorological heating-, and cooling degree hours, global irradiance, and wind speed. This inexpensive algorithm outperforms the benchmark ”weekly Naïve” with a relative Root Mean Squared Error of 35% for the year-long rolling origin evaluation. Learnings from the data exploration and modeling are then used to evaluate the AI-based model Light Gradient Boosting Machine. Using similar explanatory variables for this expensive algorithm results in a relative error of 45%, although it outperforms the previous one during the summer. The models have varying strengths and weaknesses and could advantageously be combined into an ensemble model for improving accuracy. Incorporating detailed knowledge of local renewable electricity production in combination with hierarchical forecasting could further increase accuracy. With domain knowledge and statistical analysis, it is possible to create robust load forecasts with acceptable accuracy using easily available machine-learning libraries. Both models have good potential to be used as input to economic optimization and load shifting.
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Cederbladh, Mathilda, August Dahlberg, Stavros Vouros, Konstantinos Kyprianidis, Costanza Saletti, and Mirko Morini. "Optimal indoor temperature flexibility for thermal peak shaving in buildings connected to the district heating network." In 64th International Conference of Scandinavian Simulation Society, SIMS 2023 Västerås, Sweden, September 25-28, 2023. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp200014.

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Buildings are currently non optimally controlled, using a weather compensation controller that depends only on external temperature. A rich amount of real-time data is available and can be used for better control. This work is focused on developing a general and dynamic model for utilizing the building as an energy storage for a peak-shaving control strategy.A dynamic grey-box model is developed using industry standard operators’ data from a multifamily building, Building A, located in Västerås, Sweden. The training period is set to 408 hours, and the prediction horizon to 48 hours. The model is verified in 4 steps: prediction ability on the historic data, parametric verification on the time constant, simulation of heat supply separated from the historic data and model generality by implementing the model on a second multifamily building, Building B. The modelling errors over a two-month simulated period are 8% for Building A and 9% for Building B. To demonstrate the utilization possibilities, an optimizer is constructed to evaluate a peak shaving control strategy. Different flexibilities for the indoor temperature have been examined yielding heat load peak shaving between 30 to 45%. Flexibility paves the way for improvement in pricing models for the heating sector. This work demonstrates the potential for utilizing building heat storage capacity to reduce peak consumption and costs.
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Israelsson, Karin, Vartan Ahrens Kayayan, Fatemeh Johari, Mattias Gustafsson, and Magnus Åberg. "Building heat demand characteristics in a planned city district with low-temperature district heating supply." In 64th International Conference of Scandinavian Simulation Society, SIMS 2023 Västerås, Sweden, September 25-28, 2023. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp200001.

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Due to desirable emission reductions and population growth, increasing energy demand is identified as a dire issue for energy systems. The introduction of low-energy building districts enables increased energy system efficiency. This study’s aim is twofold. Firstly, an extensive urban building energy model is used to simulate the hourly use and geographic distribution of the heat demand for residential and commercial buildings that are to be supplied by a low-temperature district heating system. The simulated buildings are a part of a planned city district, located in Gävle, Sweden. Two building energy performance cases are studied; one where all buildings are assumed to be of Passive House standard, and one where the building energy performance is in line with conventional new-building regulations in Sweden. Secondly, one specific building is modeled in detail and simulated in the building energy simulation software IDA ICE to investigate what building heating system is best suited for low-temperature heat supply. The temperature demands of floor heating and ventilation with heat recovery are investigated and compared to conventional water-based radiators. The building’s temperature demand results can be used when designing a lowtempered district heating system which will provide the supply temperature to identify a compatible heating system technique. Varying supply temperature demand will enable optimization for choosing building heating systems and consequently, possible cost reductions. The results could be used as an example for future city district planning as well as presenting relevant heating systems for low-temperature district heating.
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Karunarathne, Sumudu, Kristoffer Eikeseth, and Lars Erik. "Hydrodynamic study of a CO2 desorption column using computational fluid dynamics." In 64th International Conference of Scandinavian Simulation Society, SIMS 2023 Västerås, Sweden, September 25-28, 2023. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp200030.

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Desorption of CO2 from the rich amine solvent is one of the main operations in the amine-based CO2 capture process. Proper vapour and liquid flow through the packing materials would enhance the heat transfer that is needed for stripping CO2 from solvent. This is achieved by increasing the surface area of the flowing solvent by using the packing material. In this study, the created CFD (Computational Fluid dynamics) model in OpenFOAMTM was able to simulate the factors influencing TCM (Technology Centre Mongstad) desorption performance, including liquid distribution, wettability and film thickness within the packing material. Three scenarios were considered including a base case for a better understanding of the hydrodynamics in the desorption column. Two of these are to compare the influence of mass flow rates, while one is used to investigating potential improvement. Simulation revealed that introducing a deflector plate and CO2 bypass tube has a positive hydrodynamic effect in the desorption column.
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Komulainen, Tiina, Bilal Mukhtar, Truls Ødegaard, Hilde Johansen, Kristine Haualand, Kjell Rune Jonassen, and Simen Antonsen. "Modeling and control of WRRF biogas production." In 64th International Conference of Scandinavian Simulation Society, SIMS 2023 Västerås, Sweden, September 25-28, 2023. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp200027.

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Wastewater treatment sector uses about 1 percent of total energy consumption in European Union, hence development of energy-efficient digital technologies is an urgent challenge. The aim of this article is to develop energy-efficient control strategies for biogas production from sewage sludge at water resource recovery facilities (WRRF). The case study is developed in collaboration Veas WRRF, Norway. The Veas biogas plant is operated semi-continuously in mesophilic conditions. The process includes inlet sludge pumps, four anaerobic digesters, heat exchangers for sludge heating, pumps for sludge recirculation and a compressor for gas recirculation. The process has two controlled variables, biogas flowrate and digester temperature, the main disturbance is the inlet substrate composition. The manipulated variables are flowrates of the inlet sludge, heating medium, and sludge recirculation. The real semicontinuous operation approximated as continuous operation with two hour moving averaging. Transfer functions were identified from the pre-processed data. The accuracy of the models was sufficient 14−60%. The transfer functions were used to design control strategies with PID-controllers and model predictive controller (MPC). The results show that both control strategies can increase biogas production and decrease variability in controlled and manipulated variables compared to the plant operation. MPC gave the best results, increasing biogas production up to 10 % and decreasing variability in controlled variables by 50−80% and by 92−99% in manipulated variables. These results indicate that implementation of advanced control technologies can improve the energy efficiency of biogas production.
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Komulainen, Tiina, Abdul Malik Baqeri, Einar Nermo, Arvind Keprate, Torgeir Saltnes, Katrine Marsten Jansen, and Olga Korostynska. "Estimation of effluent nutrients in municipal MBBR process." In 64th International Conference of Scandinavian Simulation Society, SIMS 2023 Västerås, Sweden, September 25-28, 2023. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp200037.

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The recently updated European Union’s Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive proposal, European Green Deal, Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, and EU’s Energy System Integration highlight a pressing need for innovative biological nutrient removal processes and energy-efficient control methods to reduce pollution and minimize the carbon footprint at water resource recovery facilities. The aim of the PACBAL research project is to develop estimation methods for nutrient profile in a novel industrial Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) process. This study devises and assesses a range of data-driven methods to estimate effluent phosphorus concentration by utilizing a combination of real sensors with software models. The resulting virtual sensor could facilitate the design of energy-efficient control strategies. The case study data are collected from the MBBR process at Hias water resource recovery facility in Norway. Data sets from December 2022 to March 2023 include varying weather conditions, such as rain, dry, and snow. The Hias Process consists of three anaerobic and seven aerobic zones, where biomass carriers removes over 90 percent of the phosphorus from the wastewater in simultaneous biological processes. The industrial online measurements include wastewater flowrate, aeration rates, dissolved oxygen and nutrients COD and NO2/ NO3 at inlet and total suspended solids at outlet. Dynamic data-driven models indluding transfer functions, state-space models and ARX models, were developed and compared to estimate the outlet phosphorus concentration. Model fitness to validation data was around 7% with ARX models, and up to 18% with tranfer function models and state-space models. The first and second order models gave similar results. The state-space models will be developed further and implemented to into virtual sensors that will enable energy-efficient control strategy development.
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