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1
Andersson, Roland. "Evaluation of school closings: A case study from Västerås, Sweden." Journal of Urban Economics 23, no. 2 (March 1988): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0094-1190(88)90011-3.
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Cranmer, Frank. "The Church of Sweden and the Unravelling of Establishment." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 5, no. 27 (July 2000): 417–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00004014.
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The Church of England and the Church of Sweden have been in communion with one another since the early 1920s and have much in common. Both maintain the historic episcopate, both place great emphasis on liturgy, and since the Reformation both have long been ‘by law established’—a process which began in Sweden when Gustavus Vasa took the throne in 1523 after the successful war of liberation against Denmark, was confirmed by the Riksdag of Västerås in 1544 and, after some vicissitudes, was finally settled by the Pact of Succession of 1604.
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Sundman, Elin Ahlin, and Anna Kjellström. "Medieval Masculinities and Violence: Weapon-Related Trauma in Skeletal Assemblages from Two Religious Houses in Iceland and Sweden." European Journal of Archaeology 23, no. 4 (April 17, 2020): 567–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2020.20.
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Previous research has shown that physical violence had a normative presence in medieval Nordic societies. In this study, weapon-related trauma (WRT) was examined in human skeletal assemblages from two religious houses, Skriðuklaustur in Iceland, and Västerås in Sweden. The aims were to identify patterns of WRT and to relate these to the masculinities of different groups of men. Violence was a prominent component of identity among lay men, especially for men with warrior experience. The use of violence was more problematic among clerics. The hypothesis that these notions of ideal masculine behaviour would affect the ways in which masculinities were enacted and would be reflected in the patterns of WRT was borne out by the results of this study. No WRT was identified among the canons and lay brothers in Skriðuklaustur, but it was present in about thirty per cent of the males interpreted as belonging to the lay elite buried in the northern part of the church at Västerås.
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Liu, Tingting, Qian Zhang, Xiaowen Kang, Jiaqi Hou, Tao Luo, and Yi Zhang. "Household Food Waste to Biogas in Västerås, Sweden: A Comprehensive Case Study of Waste Valorization." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 21, 2022): 11925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141911925.
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Sustainable large-scale household food waste (HFW) reutilization is difficult worldwide. This study presents a systematic and in-depth analysis of the case of Västerås, Sweden, where biogas has been produced from HFW for years and utilized as renewable vehicle fuel. Various aspects are covered, including the logistic flow, energy recovery, environmental benefits, cost-benefit analysis, and social survey. In 2017, 8879 tons of food waste were collected from Västerås city, which could generate 590,000 Nm3 biomethane and support 21 biogas-powered buses. A reduction of 1052.9–1541.2 tons of CO2-eq was estimated by replacing fossil fuels in vehicles and centralized composting units for HFW. The actual operating profit of this process amounted to 6.604 million Swedish Krona (SEK), and the maximized environmental economic benefit was estimated to be 3.15–3.73 million SEK/year. The active participation of the residents to source-separate their HFW was crucial to the success of the project, and the driving factors were tentatively identified as value orientation and facility convenience. With information pooled from various sectors, this study constructs a comprehensive reference case for industrial, academic, and municipal entities that are interested in similar practices in the future.
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Vassileva, Iana, and Javier Campillo. "Consumers’ Perspective on Full-Scale Adoption of Smart Meters: A Case Study in Västerås, Sweden." Resources 5, no. 1 (January 6, 2016): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources5010003.
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Andersson, Roland. "On the lakefront? a cost-benefit analysis of alternative location of housing in Västerås, Sweden." Project Appraisal 3, no. 2 (June 1988): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02688867.1988.9726666.
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Berntson, Martin. "The Dissolution of the Monasteries in Sweden during the Reformation." Religions 15, no. 7 (June 26, 2024): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel15070775.
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This article discusses the dissolution of the monasteries in 16th century Sweden. The approximately fifty monasteries and friar’s convents that existed in Sweden in the early 16th century were all dissolved over a period of about eighty years. Decisive for this development were decisions during the Diet in Västerås 1527, which decreed that monasteries that depended on tax from their estates should be subordinated under a nobleman, and that the mendicant friars should not be allowed to travel outside their convents more than ten weeks each year. Whilst most of the monasteries inhabited by monks or brothers had been dissolved before the 1560s, four female houses were still in existence at this time. These remaining nunneries were supported financially by the state, possibly to safeguard the nuns’ social welfare. However, the monastic institutions were to meet a short-lived revival through the reign of King Johan III (rule 1568–1592), who not only supported them economically but also renovated a few of them and allowed Catholic priests to encourage Catholicism in Vadstena Abbey. Through this process of re-catholicizing, any prospects of creating successful Evangelical communities in Sweden were lost. The last remaining nunnery, Vadstena Abbey, was a vibrant Catholic institution when it was forced to close in 1595.
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Ahlin Sundman, Elin. "Masculinities and diet: An analysis of skeletal material from the dominican priory in Medieval Västerås, Sweden." Norwegian Archaeological Review 51, no. 1-2 (June 18, 2018): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00293652.2018.1483965.
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Lilliedahl, Jonathan. "How School Finance Reforms Affect the Local Policy Landscape and Funding of Schools: A Case Study of the Transformation of the Swedish Model, 1989–1992." Nordic Journal of Educational History 9, no. 1 (June 17, 2022): 107–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36368/njedh.v9i1.303.
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This article examines a specific localisation issue concerning a municipal comprehensive school in the city of Västerås, Sweden, that was brought about by two state reforms between 1989 and 1992: a) the decentralisation of the education system, and b) the introduction of school vouchers. The municipal school in question closed for the academic year 1991/1992, then re-emerged as an independent school one year later. My case study illustrates how, in historical perspective, financial reforms can affect the provision and funding of local schools in the political landscape of public–private partnerships. Documents from city archives and local newspaper accounts of the extensive debate form the basis of the analysis. A multiple streams framework is used to conceptualise the relationship between problems, policies, and politics. Policy entrepreneurs and time-specific windows of opportunities are identified as crucial to the historical understanding of how the multiple streams were coupled in the local policy landscape for the funding of schools.
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Rosén, B., and C. Huijbregsen. "The ScanDeNi® process could turn an existing under-performing activated sludge plant into an asset." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 11 (June 1, 2003): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0583.
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With tightening up of effluent discharge standards from wastewater treatment facilities, many plants are facing costly augmentations and in many cases completely new plants will have to be constructed. The ScanDeNi® process was developed in Sweden for increased nitrogen removal at the Västerås Sewage Treatment Plant (STP), 125,000 p.e. near Stockholm, and can be described as a modified contact stabilisation process with pre-denitrification and a selector stage for nitrification. The STP was upgraded at a cost of some 25 Mill. SEK (2.5 Mill. USD). It has been successfully in operation since 1998, exceeding all expectations. The process is showing the following major advantages.•25-35% less volume for the same Sludge Retention Time (SRT) and secondary sedimentation sludge load, compared to conventional pre-denitrification; or a 25-35% higher load can be applied within the same volume with the same removal efficiencies. • The selector mechanism appears to be not limited to the nitrifying bacteria alone. Other microorganisms appear to be responsible for the reduction of surface active matter from the return activated sludge (RAS), as well as in the reject stream from sludge dewatering, resulting in an increase in a-values of approximately 50%.•Due to the high a-values less aeration is required, resulting in significant operating cost savings.•‘Automatic’ creation of anaerobic conditions, enabling biological phosphorus removal. Whilst rarely a concern in warmer climates, BNR plants in cold climates in winter often lose their capacity to nitrify. The Västerås STP has consistently maintained excellent effluent quality even with effluent temperatures as low as 7°C, and at an SRT of some 7-9 days, proving the effectiveness of the nitrifier selector. The ScanDeNi® process could offer excellent effluent discharge standards (T-N < 10 mg/L, T-P <0.5 mg/L) in smaller tank volumes and at a significantly lower operating cost, compared to conventional pre-denitrification systems.
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Шилов, Евгений. "Review of: The Reformation in Sweden: events, figures, documents. Moscow; St. Petersburg: Center for Humanitarian Initiatives, 2017. 384 p. (MEDIAEVALIA). ISBN 978-5-98712-770-4." Библия и христианская древность, no. 2(10) (July 10, 2021): 320–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/bca.2021.10.2.012.
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Андрей Джолинардович Щеглов - ведущий научный сотрудник Института всемирной истории РАН, историк-скандинавист, известный научными работами и переводами со шведского языка. Автор более сотни научных публикаций, иностранный член Шведского королевского общества по изданию рукописей, относящихся к скандинавской истории, переводчик классической шведской и финляндской поэзии (Карин Бойе, Гуннара Экелёфа, Юхана Людвига Рунберга). В 2002 г. им был опубликован в серии «Памятники исторической мысли» комментированный перевод рифмованной «Хроники Энгельбректа»1. В 2007 г. он явился одним из авторов коллективной монографии «Швеция и шведы в средневековых источниках»2, содержащей переводы и исследования памятников шведского средневековья и XVI в. В 2008 г. вышла в свет монография А. Д. Щеглова «Вестеросский риксдаг 1527 года и начало Реформации в Швеции»3. В 2012 г. был опубликован подготовленный А. Д. Щегловым комментированный перевод «Шведской хроники», написанной в XVI в. реформатором и историком Олаусом Петри4, а в 2016 г. вышли в свет переведённые и откомментированные «Шведские средневековые законы»5. В 2015 г. А. Д. Щеглов защитил докторскую диссертацию, на основе которой и была создана монография «Реформация в Швеции: события, деятели, документы». Andrey Jolinardovich Scheglov is a leading researcher at the Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a Scandinavian historian known for his scholarly work and translations from Swedish. He is the author of more than a hundred scientific publications, a foreign member of the Swedish Royal Society for the publication of manuscripts relating to Scandinavian history, translator of classical Swedish and Finnish poetry (Karin Boye, Gunnar Ekelöf, Johan Ludvig Runberg). In 2002 he published a commentary translation of Engelbreckt's 1 Rhyming Chronicle in the 'Monuments of Historical Thought' series. In 2007 he became one of the authors of the collective monograph "Sweden and the Swedes in medieval sources, "2 containing translations and research monuments of the Swedish Middle Ages and the XVI century. In 2008, he published a monograph by AD Scheglov "Riksdag of Västerås in 1527 and the beginning of the Reformation in Sweden "3 . In 2012 A. D. Shcheglov published a commentary translation of the Swedish Chronicle written in the 16th century by the reformer and historian Olaus Petri4, and in 2016 the translated and commented Swedish Medieval Laws5 was published. In 2015. The Reformation in Sweden: Events, Actors, Documents.
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Yan, Jinyue, and Erik Dahlquist. "Editorial for Special Issue of the Third International Green Energy Conference, Västerås, Sweden, June 18–20, 2007 at Applied Energy." Applied Energy 86, no. 2 (February 2009): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2008.05.002.
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Buli, Benti Geleta, Annika Tillander, Terence Fell, and Katarina Bälter. "Active Commuting and Healthy Behavior among Adolescents in Neighborhoods with Varying Socioeconomic Status: The NESLA Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7 (March 22, 2022): 3784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073784.
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(1) Background: The World Health Organization recommends active commuting as a source of physical activity. Active commuting is determined by various factors, including the socioeconomic status (SES) of families and neighborhoods, distance to schools, perceived neighborhood safety, lifestyles and availability of walkways and biking paths. This study aimed to assess factors associated with modes of transportation to and from school among adolescents aged 16–19 living in a middle-sized city in Sweden. (2) Method: Three hundred and fourteen students, of whom 55% were females, from schools in the city of Västerås participated in the study. Printed as well as web-based self-administered questionnaires were used to collect the data. (3) Results: Adolescents living in high SES neighborhoods were 80% more likely to bike or walk to school (OR = 1.80; CI: 1.01, 3.20) than adolescents living in low SES neighborhoods. Furthermore, active commuting was associated with higher consumption of fruits and vegetables (OR = 1.77; CI: 1.05, 2.97) and less consumption of junk foods (OR = 0.43; CI: 0.26, 0.71), as compared to passive commuting. (4) Conclusions: Active commuting is a cost-effective and sustainable source of regular physical activity and should be encouraged at a societal level.
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Isaksson, Karolina, and Sofie Storbjörk. "Strategy making and power in environmental assessments. Lessons from the establishment of an out-of-town shopping centre in Västerås, Sweden." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 34 (April 2012): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2012.01.001.
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Stendahl, K., C. Färm, I. Fritzdorf, and H. Ulmert. "The REAL process – a process for recycling sludge from water works." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 5 (September 1, 2006): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.567.
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In order to produce drinking water, coagulants – such as aluminium salts – are widely used for precipitation and separation of impurities from raw water. The residual from the process is sludge, which presents a disposal problem. The REAL process is a method for recycling the aluminium from the sludge. In a first step, the aluminium hydroxide is dissolved in sulphuric acid. In a second step, an ultra filtration will separate all suspended matter and large molecules, leaving a concentrate of 15–20% dry solids. The permeate will contain the trivalent aluminium ions together with 30–50% of the organic contaminants. In a third step, by concentrating the permeate in a nano filter, the concentration of aluminium will be high enough to, in a fourth step, be precipitated with potassium sulphate to form a pure crystal: potassium aluminium sulphate. The potassium aluminium sulphate is comparable to standard aluminium sulphate. The process will give a residual in form of a concentrate from the ultra filtration, representing a few per cent of the incoming volume. This paper presents the results from a long time pilot-scale continuous test run at Västerås water works in Sweden, as well as calculations of costs for full-scale operations.
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Maier, Ingrid, Olena Jansson, and Oleg V. Rusakovskiy. "A Latin Poem Translated into Russian in 1670: A Panegyric in Praise of King Louis XIII from Antoine de Pluvinel’s Book “Maneige Royal”." Slovene 10, no. 1 (2021): 296–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2021.10.1.13.
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This paper offers an analysis of an early prose translation of a Latin panegyrical poem into Russian. The poem, “In lavdem Lvdovici XIII” was written by Peter / Petrus / Pierre Valens in 1623 or earlier. It was included in the book “Maneige Royal”, first published in 1623 under the name of A. de Pluvinel, who was the riding teacher of the young King Louis XIII. The book was translated into Russian in 1670, albeit not from the original French edition, but from the German version in the bilingual edition “Maneige Royal / Königliche Reitschul”, published in Braunschweig, 1626. The book's Russian title is a verbatim translation of the German one, “Korolevskaia ezdnaia shkola”. The translation is known from two copies: RNB, F.XI.1 (Saint Petersburg), and as one of the texts in the Codex AD 10 (Västerås, Sweden). Our analysis leads to the conclusion that both the translation itself and the two copies most probably were made at the Ambassadorial Chancery (Posol'skii prikaz). The translation of the Latin panegyrical poem shows that the translator understood the Latin text quite well, although it contains a few isolated errors. At the same time, some of these mistakes might have been the result of misprints in the German original, or they may have been caused by the copyist who produced the fair copy. It seems very likely that the translation of the Latin poem (as well as of the entire book) was made by the translator Ivan Tiazhkogorskii, who knew all three languages used in the book (German, Latin, and French). Although Tiazhkogorskii for the most part translated texts from his native language, German, he was able to make decent translations also from Latin and French; however, historical, political and above all mythological allusions caused a few difficulties.
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Zimmerman, Nathan, Konstantinos Kyprianidis, and Carl-Fredrik Lindberg. "Waste Fuel Combustion: Dynamic Modeling and Control." Processes 6, no. 11 (November 13, 2018): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr6110222.
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The focus of this study is to present the adherent transients that accompany the combustion of waste derived fuels. This is accomplished, in large, by developing a dynamic model of the process, which can then be used for control purposes. Traditional control measures typically applied in the heat and power industry, i.e., PI (proportional-integral) controllers, might not be robust enough to handle the the accompanied transients associated with new fuels. Therefore, model predictive control is introduced as a means to achieve better combustion stability under transient conditions. The transient behavior of refuse derived fuel is addressed by developing a dynamic modeling library. Within the library, there are two models. The first is for assessing the performance of the heat exchangers to provide operational assistance for maintenance scheduling. The second model is of a circulating fluidized bed block, which includes combustion and steam (thermal) networks. The library has been validated using data from a 160 MW industrial installation located in Västerås, Sweden. The model can predict, with satisfactory accuracy, the boiler bed and riser temperatures, live steam temperature, and boiler load. This has been achieved by using process sensors for the feed-in streams. Based on this model three different control schemes are presented: a PI control scheme, model predictive control with feedforward, and model predictive control without feedforward. The model predictive control with feedforward has proven to give the best performance as it can maintain stable temperature profiles throughout the process when a measured disturbance is initiated. Furthermore, the implemented control incorporates the introduction of a soft-sensor for measuring the minimum fluidization velocity to maintain a consistent level of fluidization in the boiler for deterring bed material agglomeration.
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Kenworthy, Jeffrey R. "Passenger Transport Energy Use in Ten Swedish Cities: Understanding the Differences through a Comparative Review." Energies 13, no. 14 (July 20, 2020): 3719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143719.
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Energy conservation in the passenger transport sector of cities is an important policy matter. There is a long history of transport energy conservation, dating back to the first global oil crisis in 1973–1974, the importance and significance of which is explained briefly in this paper. Detailed empirical data on private and public passenger transport energy use are provided for Sweden’s ten largest cities in 2015 (Stockholm, Göteborg, Malmö, Linköping, Helsingborg, Uppsala, Jönköping, Örebro, Västerås and Umeå), as well as Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany, which is a benchmark small city, well-known globally for its sustainability credentials, including mobility. These data on per capita energy use in private and public transport, as well as consumption rates per vehicle kilometer and passenger kilometer for every mode in each Swedish city and Freiburg, are compared with each other and with comprehensive earlier data on a large sample of US, Australian, Canadian, European and Asian cities. Swedish cities are found to have similar levels of per capita car use and energy use in private transport as those found in other European cities, but in the context of significantly lower densities. Possible reasons for the observed Swedish patterns are explored through detailed data on their land use, public and private transport infrastructure, and service and mobility characteristics. Relative to their comparatively low densities, Swedish cities are found to have healthy levels of public transport provision, relatively good public transport usage and very healthy levels of walking and cycling, all of which help to contribute to their moderate car use and energy use.
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Gottesmann, Wolfram, and Bärbel Gottesmann. "Composition of minerals from the skarn deposits Väster Silvberg (Sweden) and Tumurtijn-ovoo (Mongolia): Indications of different element supply in submarine hydrothermal-sedimentary ore genesis." Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen Journal of Mineralogy and Geochemistry 196, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njma/2019/0123.
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We compare chemical compositions of the main minerals from two submarine exhalative sulfide-bearing manganiferous iron-ore deposits, i.e.Väster Silvberg in Sweden (VS) and Tumurtijn-ovoo in Mongolia (TO). At VS, much Al is present in garnet (Fe-spessartine) and biotite, whereas at TO the ore-associated garnets are Al-poor (andradite) and minerals not associated with ore minerals are Al-rich (grossular, vesuvianite). The low-Al of andradite at TO agrees with the low-Al of volcanic ore-forming solutions from the modern oceans. The Al-rich minerals at both TO and VS indicate the assimilation of Al-rich volcanic material in both deposits. The elements Ca and Mg show opposite distributions: at VS much Mg is incorporated in kutnahorite, knebelite, biotite, and Mn-actinolite, Mg-rich minerals are absent at TO; in contrast, the garnets at TO contain more Ca than the garnets at VS. We explain these differences by the different carbonate minerals constituting the accompanying carbonate rocks at the two deposits, namely calcite and dolomite at VS, and only calcite at TO. These minerals primarily resulted from evaporation of seawater. Also during times, when they did not form massive carbonate rocks, they settled to the seafloor in minor amounts. There, they were partially combined with volcaniclastic Al-rich input. When the ore solutions spread on the seafloor and percolated through the bottomset they mixed with the seafloor mud producing ore-bearing sediments as precursors of Al-rich, Mg-rich skarn ores at VS and Al-poor, Mg-poor, Ca-rich skarn ores at TO. As a result, three sources supplied elements for the skarn-ore formation at the investigated deposits: volcanic ore solutions, Al-rich volcanic material and evaporitic carbonates of different composition.
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Lindström, Jonas, and Maria Ågren. "Women's Work and the Occupational Structure in Late Nineteenth-Century Sweden." International Review of Social History, October 23, 2023, 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859023000421.
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Abstract It has long been recognized that, in order to understand economies in the past, we need better information about women's work and tertiary sector work. It is also well known that, while valuable in many ways, nineteenth-century censuses give incomplete information about women's contributions to the economy. Consequently, censuses are a poor basis for estimating the occupational structure. This article offers a solution to these problems by triangulating census data with qualitative information extracted from court records. The result is a more reasonable estimate of the first-level occupational structure in a Swedish local society (Västerås and its surroundings) around 1880. This estimate suggests that just before the onset of industrialization, around eighty per cent of the adult population, women and men, were active in primary and tertiary sector work. Compared to the census, the analysis sets women's share in the primary and the tertiary sectors at higher levels. The article has a strong methodological focus and describes in detail how the court records were analysed and adjusted to be comparable with the census.
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"SRE—Symposium 1988: ‘Reliability in power, transport, and process control’, Västerås, Sweden, October 10–12, 1988." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 21, no. 4 (January 1988): 320–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0951-8320(88)90101-9.
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"Preface." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2180, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 011001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2180/1/011001.
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The Peruvian Solar Energy Workshop (JOPES by its Spanish acronym) has been held annually since 2018. In 2021, due to the restrictions caused by the Covid 19 pandemic, was the second time JOPES has been organized virtually, using the Zoom platform from the National University of Engineering, in Lima, Peru. The organizers of the event came from both national and international universities and research centers During the three days of the event, there were nine keynote speakers, six came from Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Peru) and two from European countries (Sweden and Czech Republic). They had 40 min (30 + 10 Q&A). In addition, there were 31 speakers presenting their research work, including 22 Peruvians, 6 Brazilians, a Mexican, a Spanish, and an Indian. They had 20 min (15 + 5 Q&A). During these years JOPES has been positioning itself as a national and Latin American platform where research works related to energy and environmental alternatives are presented and discussed. We consider that this activity represents a small but concrete contribution to achieving equitable and sustainable development for a modern society. Organizing Committee Gerardo Cruz Cerro Universidad Nacional de Tumbes Tumbes, Peru Erich Saettone Olschewski Universidad de Lima Lima, Peru Amaru Palomino Töfflinger Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú Lima, Peru José Solis Veliz Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería Lima, Peru Ener Salinas Hitachi Energy Research Västerås, Sweden Mónica Gómez León Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería Lima, Peru
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Sylwan, Ida, Davide Bergna, Hanna Runtti, Lena Johansson Westholm, and Eva Thorin. "Primary and digested sludge-derived char as a Cd sorbent: feasibility of local utilisation." Water Science & Technology, November 9, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2023.356.
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Abstract Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic metal, occurring in municipal wastewater and stormwater as well as in wastewater from various industries. Char derived from the pyrolysis of municipal sewage sludge has the potential to be a low-cost sorption media for the removal of Cd. However, the balance between possible local char production and demand has not been assessed previously. In this study, the Cd sorption capacities of chars derived from primary (PSC) and secondary sludge (DSC), as well as the feasibility of char production for Cd sorbent purposes, and the pyrolysis energy balance were evaluated. Results showed that the sorption capacity of PSC (9.1 mg/g; 800 °C, 70 min) was superior to that of DSC (6.0 mg/g; 800 °C, 70 min), and increased with a higher pyrolysis temperature. Pyrolysis of primary sludge had a more favourable energy balance compared with the pyrolysis of digested sludge, however, when accounting for loss of biogas production the energy balance of primary sludge pyrolysis was negative. Assessment of the regional demand (Västerås, Sweden) indicated that PSC or DSC may cover the local Cd sorbent demand. However, it was estimated that large char volumes would be required, thus making the use of DSC/PSC less feasible.
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Ma Lu, Silvia, Sebastian Zainali, Elin Sundström, Anton Nygren, Bengt Stridh, Anders Avelin, and Pietro Campana. "Validation of Vertical Bifacial Agrivoltaic and Other Systems Modelling." AgriVoltaics Conference Proceedings 2 (May 23, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.52825/agripv.v2i.1004.
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In agrivoltaic systems combining solar photovoltaic and agricultural activities, ground albedo is mainly characterized by the crop and its seasonal variations. This study examines the effects of using fixed, satellite-derived, and hourly measured albedo on the performance of a vertical bifacial system and a 1-axis tracking system using a bifacial photovoltaic model (AgriOptiCE). The model is developed with Matlab® and partially based on the open-source package pvlib. AgriOptiCE is firstly validated by comparing estimated front and rear irradiances with on-site measurements for specific periods from a 1-axis tracker site in Golden, USA and a vertical agrivoltaic system in Västerås, Sweden. Furthermore, photovoltaic system power output estimations using AgriOptiCE are also validated for the vertical agrivoltaic system and the conventional ground-mounted fixed-tilt system at the same location. The validations demonstrate the high accuracy of the proposed model in estimating front and rear irradiances and power output, obtaining R2 > 0.85 for all the studied cases. The study results indicate that measured albedo provides the highest accuracy, while satellite-derived albedo has poorer results due to the broader spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution. Fixed albedo is not recommended for yearly assessment of bifacial PV systems because it cannot account for snow events and daily variations, resulting in lower overall accuracy.
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Ahlin Sundman, Elin. "Diverse Masculinities in Violence and Warfare: A Case Study of Individuals with Perimortem Weapon-related Trauma Buried at a Dominican Priory in Västerås, Sweden." Norwegian Archaeological Review, February 24, 2022, 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00293652.2021.2010798.
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Wu, Peng, and Ning Xiong. "Online Learning of Bayesian Classifiers with Nonstationary Data Streams." International Journal of Network Dynamics and Intelligence, September 26, 2023, 100009. http://dx.doi.org/10.53941/ijndi.2023.100009.
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Article Online Learning of Bayesian Classifiers with Nonstationary Data Streams Peng Wu 1,2,*, and Ning Xiong 1 1 School of Innovation, Design and Engineering Mälardalen University, Västerås 721 23, Sweden 2 Department of Computer Engineering, Taiyuan Institute of Technology, Taiyuan 030008, China * Correspondence: 14112078@bjtu.edu.cn Received: 31 March 2023 Accepted: 13 July 2023 Published: 26 September 2023 Abstract: The advancement in Internet of things and sensor technologies has enabled data to be continuously generated with a high rate, i.e., data streams. It is practically infeasible to store streaming data in a hard disk, and apply a traditional batch learning method to extract a relevant knowledge model from these data. This paper studies online incremental learning with data streams, in which one sample is processed at each time to update the existing model. For the learning target, the Bayesian classifier is adopted which is a computationally economical model of easy deployment for online processing in edges or devices. By using the individual new example, we first present an online learning algorithm to incrementally update classifier parameters in a way equivalent to the offline learning counterpart. In order to adapt to concept drifts in nonstationary environments, the proposed online learning algorithm is improved to enable recent examples to be more impactful during the sequential learning procedure. Preliminary simulation tests reveal that the improved online learning algorithm can lead to faster model adaption than the unimproved online algorithm when the data drift occurs. In case of presumed stationary data streams without drifts, the improved online algorithm is proved to be competent by performing at least as good as (sometimes, even better than) the unimproved algorithm.
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Larsson, Alexander, Erland Östberg, and Lennart Edmark. "Arterial partial pressure of oxygen as a marker of airway closure does not correlate with the efficacy of pre-oxygenation." European Journal of Anaesthesiology, July 3, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/eja.0000000000001869.
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BACKGROUND The prerequisites for the early formation of anaesthesia-related atelectasis are pre-oxygenation with its resulting high alveolar oxygen content, and airway closure. Airway closure increases with age, so it seems counterintuitive that atelectasis formation during anaesthesia does not. One proposed explanation is that pre-oxygenation is impaired in the elderly by airway closure present in the waking state. The extent of airway closure cannot be assessed at the bedside, but arterial partial pressure of oxygen (P aO2) as a surrogate variable of the resulting ventilation to perfusion mismatch can. OBJECTIVE The primary aim was to test the hypothesis that a decreased efficacy of pre-oxygenation, measured as the fraction of end-tidal oxygen (FE’O2) after 3 min of pre-oxygenation, correlates with decreased P aO2 on room air. We also re-investigated the influence on FE’O2 by age. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Two regional hospitals, Västerås and Köping County Hospitals, Västmanland, Sweden, between 30 October 2018 and 17 September 2021. PARTICIPANTS We included 120 adults aged 40 to 79 years presenting for elective noncardiac surgery. INTERVENTION An arterial blood gas was sampled before commencing pre-oxygenation. RESULTS No linear correlation was found between FE’O2 at 3 min and P aO2 or age (Pearson's r = −0.038, P = 0.684; and Pearson's r = −0.113, P = 0.223, respectively). The mean ± SD FE’O2 at 3 min for the population studied was 0.87 ± 0.05. CONCLUSION The lack of correlation between FE’O2 at 3 min and P aO2 or age during pre-oxygenation has implications for further studies concerning the interaction between airway closure and atelectasis. After 3 min of pre-oxygenation, FE’O2, even in the elderly, indicated a high enough alveolar oxygen concentration to promote atelectasis after induction, therefore, it is still unclear why atelectasis formation diminishes after middle age. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03395782
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Granstam, Elisabet, Sandra Aurell, Kersti Sjövall, and Anna Paul. "Switching anti-VEGF agent for wet AMD: evaluation of impact on visual acuity, treatment frequency and retinal morphology in a real-world clinical setting." Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, January 7, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00417-020-05059-y.
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Abstract Purpose The aim of the present cross-sectional real-world study is to evaluate the impact of switch of anti-VEGF agent from ranibizumab to aflibercept on visual acuity, treatment frequency and retinal morphology after 12 months in eyes with ongoing chronic treatment for wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) compared to eyes not subjected to switch of anti-VEGF agent. Methods Data was obtained retrospectively from the Swedish Macular Register, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and electronic patient charts. All eyes included were treated in the same clinical setting at the Department of Ophthalmology at the county hospital of Västmanland in Västerås, Sweden. Results In total, 282 and 359 eyes were included in the non-switch and switch cohorts, respectively. The cohorts were well balanced. Visual acuity remained stable during the observation period in both cohorts of eyes. The number of anti-VEGF treatments slowly declined over time in both cohorts of eyes and, consequently, the treatment intervals increased during the observation period. In eyes subjected to switch of anti-VEGF agent, planned treatment interval at 12 months was 7.6 (mean; SD 2.9) weeks compared to 6.8 (mean; SD 2.7) in the non-switch cohort (P = 0.001). OCT images demonstrated lower prevalence of intraretinal and subretinal fluid as well as pigment epithelial detachment at 12 months in eyes subjected to switch of anti-VEGF agent compared to non-switch eyes. Conclusion Switch of anti-VEGF agent from ranibizumab to aflibercept did not affect visual function whereas improvement in retinal morphology was observed. These findings suggest a beneficial effect of switching from ranibizumab to aflibercept in eyes with ongoing chronic anti-VEGF treatment irrespective of previous response to ranibizumab. Longer follow-up is required to further evaluate the potential clinical significance of this finding.
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Tang, Hin Yan, Mats Rosén, and Elisabet Granstam. "Cataract surgery in neovascular AMD: impact on visual acuity and disease activity." BMC Ophthalmology 23, no. 1 (June 16, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12886-023-03028-7.
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Abstract Background Cataract and neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) often co-exist and both contribute to impaired vision. It has been debated whether cataract surgery can increase nAMD activity. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the impact of cataract surgery on visual acuity, treatment intensity for nAMD and macular morphology in patients with on-going treatment for nAMD. Methods Data was obtained from the Swedish Macular Register, the Swedish National Cataract Register, optical coherence tomography (OCT) images and patient charts. All eyes were treated at the Department of Ophthalmology at the County Hospital of Västmanland, Västerås, Sweden. Follow-up was 6 months after surgery. The study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority. Results In total, 156 patients (168 eyes) were included. The mean age at cataract surgery was 82 (standard deviation, SD 6) years. Both distance and near visual acuity improved after surgery. Distance visual acuity increased from 59 (SD 12) to 66 (SD 15) letters ETDRS (P < 0.001). Proportion of eyes with normal near visual acuity increased from 12 to 41%. The anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment intensity remained unchanged: mean of 3.4 (SD 1.9) and 3.3 (SD 1.7) treatments were given 6 months pre- and postoperatively, respectively. The prevalence of intraretinal fluid (IRF) in the macula increased from 22 to 31% postoperatively, while subretinal fluid, fluid under the pigment epithelium (sub-RPE fluid) and central retinal thickness were unaltered. In eyes with new IRF, improvement in visual acuity and number of anti-VEGF treatments were similar to eyes without new IRF. Conclusion Cataract surgery improved visual acuity in patients with on-going treatment for nAMD and did not affect anti-VEGF treatment intensity. Macular morphology remained unchanged. The slight increase in intraretinal fluid after surgery was not found to affect visual acuity or anti-VEGF treatment intensity. It is hypothesized that this might indicate that it represents degenerative intraretinal cystic fluid.