To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: VAT in Nepal.
Journal articles on the topic 'VAT in Nepal'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'VAT in Nepal.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Dahal, Ananta Raj. "Role of Value Added Tax in Total Tax Revenue: An Empirical Study of Nepal." Journal of Population and Development 1, no. 1 (November 27, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpd.v1i1.33099.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the role of Value Added Tax (VAT) in total tax of Nepal. Tax is the main sources of government revenue. There are different kinds of tax systems used in the world. The concept of VAT had been introduced in 1919 A D from Germany as a new concept of indirect tax system of the world. VAT system have introduced from 1995 A D in Nepal. The specific objectives are to analyse the trend of VAT and to examine the correlation between VAT with total revenue and total tax revenue in Nepal. This study is based on secondary data, which are incorporated from the Ministry of Finance and other related government as well as non-government organizations. Both analytical and descriptive statistics are applied as methods in this study. At the process of data analysis some statistical tools like regression, correlation, etc. are used. The study shows that VAT has significant percentage in total revenue and total tax revenue in Nepal. There are more than 99 present variations due to VAT in total revenue, total tax revenue and indirect tax revenue. All these relationship are significant as r >6 PEr everywhere. Thus, VAT has significant contribution in government revenue of Nepal. But the system of VAT must be improved to increase its effectiveness through the government policy level and increase awareness tax payers about baling system of VAT.
2
Adhikari, Krishna Gopal. "A Share of VAT on GDP in Nepal After 2010 A.D." Dristikon: A Multidisciplinary Journal 9, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/dristikon.v9i1.31156.
Full textAbstract:
This research paper examines the share of VAT on GDP in Nepal After 2010 A.D. Value Added Tax (VAT) is the most recent innovation in the field of taxation. Actually, VAT is considered one of the most important tax revenue of the second half of the twentieth century. It is a scientific tax system, which was first introduced in 1954 in France. VAT is a family member of indirect tax. Economic development has been one of the most popular slogans in almost all the developing countries all over the world. The main concern of study is to analyze the share of VAT on the gross domestic product in Nepal. This article based up secondary source of information collects from economic survey, books, article, journals and research paper. This paper employs descriptive research design. This study shows that the share of VAT is increasing every year since 2010 A.D. It plays the important role for economic development in Nepal. This article is very useful to the researchers, government and policy makers who want to know the contribution of VAT on GDP in Nepal. VAT is a broad based tax as it also covers the value added to each commodity by a firm during all stages of production and distribution.
3
Gnawali, Achyut. "Tax Payers’ Knowledge Towards Value Added Tax in Nepal." Journal of Nepalese Business Studies 11, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnbs.v11i1.24205.
Full textAbstract:
Value added tax (VAT) has been the most essential choice as an ingredient of tax reforms of developing countries like Nepal, which leads to revenue enhancement and sustainable economic development. As VAT was a new concept in Nepal, a comprehensive taxpayer education program was launched to impart knowledge regarding the various aspects of VAT to parliamentarians, industrialists, businesspersons, consumers as well as various sections of the society. The study used descriptive and survey research design. Data were collected through questionnaires. Statistical tools were used to make a proper analysis. It is found that more than 88 percent of respondents are aware enough to ask tax invoice after purchasing goods or services. Most of them ask for tax invoice to get the authenticity of sellers. VAT must be successful and this largely depends upon the public awareness, honesty, faith and morality of tax officials and the business community. There is a need for willpower and action. It is also found that taxpayers’ awareness programme and tax education play prime role to increase the VAT revenue in Nepal.
4
Sutihar, Deo Narayan. "Trend Analysis of the Value Added Tax in Nepal." Economic Literature 13 (February 8, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/el.v13i0.19145.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Value added tax (VAT) is the recent one of the sales tax family. This article tries to estimate the share of VAT in Gross Domestic Product (GDP), total tax revenue and indirect tax revenue. Besides, it also estimates the growth rate of VAT. This comprises 2.80 percent and 16.01 percent share of GDP in fiscal year 2000/01 and 2014/15 respectively. It also ranges from 30.69 percent to 37.63 percent share of tax revenue. Likewise, its share ranges from39.94 percent to 50.05 percent. The regression equation has been used to estimate annual growth rate of VAT. The estimate of the annual growth rate of VAT is found to be Rs.6.63billion. From this result, it is obvious that VAT has been increased by Rs. 6.63 billion annually during study period of the fifteen years. The coefficient of determination (R2) shows 87.76% of the total variation in VAT is explained by the variation in time variable. Similarly, the adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) exhibits that 86.82% of the total variance in VAT is explained by the variance in time variable. The calculated value of F-distribution is found to be 93.204, which is greater than critical value of F i.e. F0.05 (1,13)=4.67. It is significant at 5% level, which exhibits the best fitted regression line. From the statistical analysis, the value of autocorrelation is found to be 0.54 and its d-statistic is also found, which is significant at 5 percent level. Thus, the analysis justifies that there is a positive autocorrelation among error terms. To remove the autocorrelation, the transformation data have been used. But, the value of autocorrelation is not found corrected which needs by incorporating other important explanatory variables to further research.</p><p> <strong><em>Economic Literature</em></strong><em>, </em>Vol. XIII August 2016, page 1-8</p><p> </p>
5
Koirala, Kamal. "Value Added Tax (VAT) in Nepal: A Critical Assessment of Its Performance." Journal of Nepalese Business Studies 7, no. 1 (July 9, 2012): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnbs.v7i1.6408.
Full textAbstract:
Value Added Tax (VAT) is a recent phenomenon in the arena of tax administration in Nepal. This paper aims to assess critically the performance of VAT in Nepal since its inception to date, focusing basically on three aspects of it, viz, (i) Current scenario of VAT administration (ii) Major issues, and (iii) Urgent corrective actions required. Most of the qualitative and quantitative relevant data have been collected from Economic Survey and office of Inland Revenue Department (IRD). The data comprises of both primary and secondary data.The Journal of Nepalese Business StudiesVol. Vii, No. 1, 2010-2011Page : 63-69Uploaded date: July 8, 2012
6
Shah, R. K. "Value Added Tax in Nepal: An Empirical Assessment." Tribhuvan University Journal 27, no. 1-2 (December 30, 2010): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v27i1-2.26396.
Full textAbstract:
In developing economies, resource gap is critical and widening resulting tohuge fiscal and budgetary deficits. Therefore, revenue mobilization is challenging proposition in an economy like Nepal where majority of the people live in abject poverty. Tax administration lacks innovative mechanism to identify new tax payers and bring them into tax-net. Tax reform agenda was the reform package and program of the government after the restoration of multiparty democracy system. In Nepal, VAT was introduced in 1997 to improve revenue mobilization through broadening the tax base and modernizing the tax system. In this process, the government had to face new problems that came along with the adoption of VAT. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze the structure and responsiveness of VAT in Nepal empirically and compare it with that of old system of sales taxes. The old system of sales taxes refers to the combined sales, entertainment, contracts, hotels, and air flight taxes received by the government before 1997/98.
7
Acharya, Sanjaya. "Reforming Value Added Tax System in Developing World: the Case of Nepal." Business and Management Studies 2, no. 2 (May 18, 2016): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v2i2.1616.
Full textAbstract:
Value Added Tax (VAT) has become an integral part of domestic tax reforms in many developing countries. Taking the case of Nepal, VAT associates a number of refunds to different private sector activities for promoting investment in higher growth and export potential sectors. Total refund, more specifically, export refund has a significant positive impact on the level of GDP. Furthermore, non-agricultural GDP has strong positive influence to VAT C-efficiency ratio. Likewise, higher the VAT gap, lower is the C-efficiency ratio. If C-efficiency is improved coupled with higher compliance, the capability of the government is strengthened in domestic revenue generation.
8
Sharma, Devilal. "An Experience Of Executing Value Added Tax (Vat) In Pokhara." Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 3 (July 31, 2017): 34–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jjis.v3i0.17895.
Full textAbstract:
Indirect taxes have a dominant role in the whole tax structure of developing countries like Nepal. VAT has been in operation for the last Eighteen years; still it is facing a number of challenges owing to poor administration, lack of good faith and honesty, rampant corruption, political instability, the problems of non-issuance of bill, narrow coverage, etc. For the improvement in effective VAT implementation, various areas including proper billing system, efficient tax administration, intensive billing enforcement, wide coverage, computerization, etc. VAT registrants are involving in VAT fraud. In this situation IRD has the various challenges to control the VAT evasion and implement the policy in effective and efficient way. The study is focused on the effectiveness of the VAT implementation of VAT collection policy in real field. Hence, its main objective is to analyze the effectiveness of the VAT implementation. For efficient implementation VAT officials have to perform effectively. The IRO Pokhara is working hard to collect more and more VAT so far as possible from its working area. Many taxpayer educations program in different places and compulsorily registration campaign to VAT program have been organized by IRO, Pokhara. The effectiveness of IRO, Pokhara and its officials seemed as satisfactory. With regard to fairness, friendliness with VAT registrants and overall effectiveness is at satisfactory level. Most of registrants are satisfied with the administrative mechanism of VAT in Nepal as well as with the availability of VAT document and information and its clarity. But in case of getting VAT refund in cash VAT registrant are not satisfied. Except in case of VAT refund in cash most satisfaction level of VAT registrants toward present VAT collection policy and practice seems to be at a satisfactory level. The market monitoring and investigation is the main tool that IRO, Pokhara is applying to control the VAT evasion. Similarly taxpayer education, current year audit and tax audit, billing enforcement, and e-base tax system are the other the major tools and techniques obtained by IRD to control the VAT evasion. Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vol. III (December 2014), page: 34-46
9
Dangal, Dilnath. "Value Added Tax in Nepalese Context." NUTA Journal 5, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2018): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nutaj.v5i1-2.23462.
Full textAbstract:
A value added tax (VAT) is a tax not on the total value of the commodity being sold, but on the value added by the last trader. Developing countries are engaging in the study of VAT more seriously as it is the source of tax revenue which has high tax potential yield among the existing tax systems. In this situation, this paper intended to assess practices of VAT and VAT administration as well as its contribution on GDP in Nepalese context. More so, the study collected secondary data which are analyzed based on descriptive/comparative methods. The study found that, sales tax has been replaced by VAT since 1997 in Nepal. Before that sales tax played a vital role to collect revenue and resources mobilization. Department of VAT and its field offices were/are responsible for administering VAT functions that was/is not yet attractive and efficient. However, data shows that collecting VAT is in increasing order. In Fiscal Year 2014/15 it came to NRs. 11516 crore which was 5.42 percent of GDP, 29.60 percent of total revenue and 48.14 percent of indirect tax revenue. And the contribution of VAT as percent of GDP remained at average of 4.04 percent during the study period (2002/2003 to 2014/2015).
10
Gautam, Biranji, and Devi Lal Sharma. "Contribution of Nepal Telecom to Nepalese Revenue." Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 9, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jjis.v9i1.35238.
Full textAbstract:
Public enterprise in Nepal plays vital role in generating revenue in Nepal. Nepal Telecom (NT) is the leading and high revenue contributing public enterprise in Nepal. The main aim of this study is to examine the contribution of different tax from NT to Nepalese revenue. Hence, descriptive research design was applied to complete this study. Under the descriptive research design case study of NT has carried out to attain the desired objective of this study. At present there are major five licensed mobile telecom are into operation in Nepal which was considered as population. Out of these, NT has coverage nationwide as well highest revenue generating company. So, NT is taken as sample by following the convenience sampling method. The study has based on secondary data. Revenue from NT includes income tax, and VAT, custom, service fees, local development fees, dividend tax, and share of profit etc. The income tax from NT to total revenue is the highest 1.66 percent and the least 1.19 percent and average 1.43 percent during the study period
11
Shah, R. K. "Corruption in Nepal: An Analytical Study." Tribhuvan University Journal 32, no. 1 (July 11, 2019): 273–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v32i1.24793.
Full textAbstract:
Nepal is the 122 least corrupt nations out of 175 countries throughout the world according to the 2017 ‘Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI)’ reported by Transparency International. Corruption Rank in Nepal averaged 127.64 from 2004 until 2017 A.D., reaching an all time high of 154 in 2011 and a record low of 90 in 2004. Various cases of VAT fraud, massive irregularities in the distribution of relief materials of earthquake victims and the government’s failure to control the artificial increase of fuel and basic goods, prices after Madhesh agitation and crisis in Nepal-India trade relation has evidenced that corruption in Nepal has becoming systemic. However, no study is undertaken to estimate the magnitude of corruption. Therefore, along with the promulgation of the Federal Democratic Republic Constitution of Nepal 2015 AD, time has come to conduct a nationwide survey to estimate the magnitude of corruption in Nepalese economy and identify the measures to control it. This study has analyzed the historical trends of corruption and economic growth as well as conceptual and theoretical issues of corruption. Moreover this study tries to analyze the trend, extend and explore the determinants of corruption in Nepal. The causes of corruption are bad system of governance, bad incentives and weak civil society. The major determinants of corruption are economic growth, trade liberalization, inflation and Human Development index.
12
Shah, R. K. "Corruption in Nepal: An analytical Study." Economic Journal of Nepal 40, no. 1-4 (December 31, 2017): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ejon.v40i1-4.35945.
Full textAbstract:
Nepal is the 122nd least corrupt nations out of 175 countries throughout the world according to the 2017 'Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI)' reported by Transparency International. Corruption Rank in Nepal averaged 127. 64 from 2004 until 2017 A.D., reaching an all time high of 154 in 2011 and a record low of 90 in 2004. Various cases of VAT fraud, massive irregularities in the distribution of relief materials of earthquake victims and the government's failure to control the artificial increase of fuel and basic goods, prices after Madhesh agitation and crisis in Nepal-India trade relation has evidenced that corruption in Nepal has becoming systemic. However, no study is undertaken to estimate the magnitude of corruption. Therefore, along with the promulgation of the Federal Democratic Republic Constitution of Nepal, 2015AD, time has come to conduct a nationwide survey to estimate the magnitude of corruption in Nepalese economy and identify the measures to control it. This study has analyzed the historical trends of corruption and economic growth as well as conceptual and theoretical issues of corruption. The main objective of the study is to analyze the determinants of corruption in Nepal. In order to obtain valid useful data about corruption, academic research has been the main sources of information in this study. The objective of the study has to analyze the trend, extend and explore the determinants of corruption in Nepal. Both inductive and descriptive approach has been adopted for methodology. The corruption data have been taken from Transparency International (TI). ADB and Economic Surveys of Nepal have been taken the data for other variables.
13
Shah, R. K. "Fiscal Federalism Model in Nepal: An Analytical Study." Tribhuvan University Journal 30, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tuj.v30i2.25559.
Full textAbstract:
The Constitution of Nepal as Federal Democratic Republic was promulgated on September 20, 2015 by the second CA. The primary objective of this study is to review the modality presented in the new constitution on the natural resources, economic rights and revenue allocation. The study finds that the fiscal decentralization initiatives have not been successful in minimizing the political, social, economic, regional and ethnic inequalities inherent for nearly 240 years of a unitary system of governance in Nepal. The study recommends that VAT and income taxes will have to be collected concurrently at both the central and sub-national levels. Other taxes including excise duties will have to be collected by the sub-national governments which will support the expenditure responsibilities of the sub national governments adequately in federal Nepal. Intergovernmental transfer modality has to be included in the constitution. National Natural Resources and Fiscal Commission (NNRFC) have been constituted at the central level to make national level development plans and to make recommendations for additional grants and loans. A State Planning Commission (SPC) and a State Fiscal Commission (SFC) can be established in each state to prepare state development plans and to deal with the transfers to be made to local bodies.
14
Shah, R. K. "Fiscal Federalism in Nepal: Challenges and Opportunities." Research Nepal Journal of Development Studies 2, no. 1 (August 18, 2019): 151–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/rnjds.v2i1.25279.
Full textAbstract:
The Constitution of Nepal was formally promulgated and it declared the country as a Federal Democratic Republic on September 20, 2015 by the Second CA. Fiscal powers were shared among the federal government, the state governments and the local governments. The Constitution further defined the framework of fiscal federalism within the pattern of income and resource distribution. The primary objectives of this study is to review the modality presented in the new Constitution on the natural resources, economic rights and revenue allocation. The study finds that the fiscal decentralization initiatives have not been successful in minimizing the political, social, economic, regional and ethnic inequalities inherent for nearly 240 years of a unitary system of governance in Nepal. The study recommends that VAT, excise duties and income taxes have to be allocated at the federal, states and local levels in the ratio of 70 percent, 15 percent and 15 percent respectively by the Constitution. Intergovernmental transfer modality has included in the Constitution. Revenue sharing from hydropower has been a controversial issue in Nepal. National Natural Resources and Fiscal Commission (NNRFC) has been constituted at the central level to make national level development plans and to make recommendations for additional grants and loans for the state and local governments. The Constitution has further defined the framework of fiscal federalism within the pattern of income and resource distribution. The theoretical study indicates that there is various controversial and overlapping issues required clarity in process of implementation in the years to come.
15
Neplenbroek, Tara. "Hardnekkig erfgoed : Een analyse van 30 mei 1969 als emerging memory in de Nederlandse postkoloniale literatuur." Internationale Neerlandistiek 58, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/in2020.2.002.nepl.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In the history of Curaçao, the 30th of May 1969 plays an important role. On this day, black workers of the Dutch company Shell decided to strike against unfair wages and racial inequalities that dominated the company. The day ended in a tragedy: two people got killed by police bullets, parts of the capital Willemstad burned down in flames and the Dutch military was called into action. Since then, this day has functioned as a starting point for political debates on Dutch colonialism and as a catalysator for movements of black awareness on Curaçao. This article shows that the Dutch cultural memory of the 30th of May 1969 has been ‘compartmentalized’ and is therefore an ‘emerging memory’. It argues that the date seems forgotten in Dutch cultural memory, but has in fact reappeared in fragmented form through literature. An analysis of Dutch literary remembrances of the 30th of May 1969 shows that the Dutch cultural memory of Curaçao conflicts with a national self-image. Therefore, the colonial past of Curaçao is still not considered as a part of national history.
16
Rai, Shiva Kumar. "Algal flora of Betana wetland, Morang, Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 1 (January 24, 2013): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v1i0.7477.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, a total 23 epiphytic as well as planktonic taxa belonging to the classes cyanophyceae (6), chlorophyceae (1) and bacillariophyceae (16) have been enumerated from Betana wetland. Out of these, six diatom taxa viz., Gomphonema constrictum Ehr. var. capitata, Gomphonema intricatum Kütz. var. vibrio, Gomphonema parvulum (Kütz.) var. lagenula Hust., Rhopalodia gibba (Ehr.) O. Müll. var. ventricosa, Nitzschia amphibia Grun. and Surirella tenera Greg. var. ambigua Gandhi were the new records for the country. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v1i0.7477 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 1: 104-113 (2011)
17
Aldora, Mega Mega, Endah Trihayuningtyas, Ikhsan Ardiansyah, Nisa Aulia Nur Setiawan, Agrestasha Nursavira Lim, Rifa Agustina Salsabila, and Muhammad Richard Oktaviano. "Rural Tourism Product Planning "Nepal Van Java", Dusun Butuh, Magelang Regency." Journal of Tourism Sustainability 1, no. 1 (July 23, 2021): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35313/jtos.v1i1.4.
Full textAbstract:
Nepal Van Java is a tourism attraction that offers the beauty of local residences in Mount Sumbing slope located in Dusun Butuh, Magelang. According to a simple calculation of average visits up to a thousand visitors in one day, Nepal Van Java has a high visitors number according to a simple estimate of average visits. However, at this time, there are not many rural tourism products offered by Nepal Van Java because this destination is still in the planning stage where there is no planning for rustic tourism products. The purpose of this paper is to describe the planning process related to the village tourism product. Qualitative research methods have applied to this research, resulting in an understanding of the actual condition of village tourism products. Detailed planning related to Nepal Van Java tourism products includes planning on facilities, transportation systems, and introduction of visitors, with the idea of focusing on optimizing agricultural resources as agrotourism, potential aids for farm stays, and culture.
18
Baral, J., and P. W. Bosland. "Genetic Diversity of a Capsicum Germplasm Collection from Nepal as Determined by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 127, no. 3 (May 2002): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.127.3.318.
Full textAbstract:
Domesticated chile (Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum) is a widely cultivated spice and vegetable crop. It originated in the Western Hemisphere, but spread rapidly throughout the globe after the voyage of Columbus. However, very little is known about the genetic diversity of chile in Asia and especially in Nepal. Thus, research was conducted to document morphological as well as molecular characterization of C. annuum var. annuum landraces collected from Nepal. Genetic diversity in C. annuum var. annuum landraces from Nepal was investigated using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and compared with that of C. annuum var. annuum landraces from the center of diversity, Mexico. RAPD marker based cluster analysis of C. annuum var. annuum clearly separated each accession. All accessions of C. annuum var. annuum from Nepal grouped into a single cluster at a similarity index value of 0.80, whereas, accessions from Mexico grouped into eight different clusters at the same similarity level indicating greater genetic diversity in Mexican accessions. RAPD analysis indicated that the Nepalese chile population went through an additional evolutionary bottleneck or founder effect probably due to intercontinental migrations. Some Nepalese accessions had unique RAPD markers suggesting that additional sources of genetic variation are available in Nepalese germplasm.
19
SHAKYA, L. R., and M. R. SHRESTHA. "TWO NEW TAXA OF ORCHIDACEAE FROM CENTRAL NEPAL." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 64, no. 1 (March 2007): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428606000709.
Full textAbstract:
Eria annapurnensis L.R.Shakya & M.R.Shrestha, a new species, and Gastrochilus calceolaris var. biflora L.R.Shakya & M.R.Shrestha, a new variety (both Orchidaceae), are described and illustrated from Annapurna Conservation Area, Central Nepal.
20
Gauchan, Eva, and Prakash Sharma. "Ellis Van-Creveld Syndrome in an Ethnic Group in Nepal: Case Report with Review of Literature." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 36, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v36i2.15450.
Full textAbstract:
Ellis van-Creveld syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by acromesomelic dwarfism, postaxial polydactyly, oro-dental abnormalities and congenital heart disease. We are reporting three cases in two families of the same ethnic group from Western Nepal. Genetic testing should be done in this population in order to identify the mutation in the gene causing the syndrome.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016;36(2):188-192.
21
Stapleton, C. M. A. "The bamboos of Nepal and Bhutan. Part I: Bambusa, Dendrocalamus, Melocanna, Cephalostachyum, Teinostachyum, and Pseudostachyum (Gramineae: Poaceae, Bambusoideae)." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 51, no. 1 (March 1994): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428600001682.
Full textAbstract:
Bamboos encountered during extensive fieldwork in Nepal and Bhutan are enumerated in three papers. Fifteen genera are recognized, including several genera recently described in China and one new genus. In Part I delimitation of the Himalayan bamboo subtribes and genera is discussed, and a key to the genera is given. The systematic treatment begins with six tropical and subtropical genera which all have iterauctant inflorescences and 6 stamens. Bambusa and Dendrocalamus are in the subtribe Bambusinae Agardh, having solid styles. Melocanna, Cephalostachyum, Teinostachyum, and Pseudostachyum have elongated hollow styles and are in the subtribe Melocanninae Reichenbach. Five new taxa are described: Bambusa nepalensis from central and eastern Nepal; Bambusa clavata from Bhutan; Bambusa alamii from Nepal, Bhutan, and Bangladesh; Bambusa nutans Wall, ex Munro subsp. cupulata from Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and India; and Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Nees & Arn. ex Munro var. undulatus from Nepal.
22
Pendry, Colin A. "FLORA OF NEPAL NOTULAE III: ISODON LOPHANTHOIDES VAR. SESSILIS PENDRY (LAMIACEAE), A NEW VARIETY FROM NEPAL." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 78 (June 2, 2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.24823/ejb.2021.370.
Full text
23
Raj, Shiva Kumar, and Ram Kumar Rai. "Some interesting freshwater algae from Chimdi lake including a new record for Nepal." Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 (January 24, 2013): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7499.
Full textAbstract:
A preliminary study on algae of Chimdi lake was carried out. A total six freshwater algae viz., Oscillatoria splendida Grev. ex Gom., Cylindrospermum stagnale (Kuetz.) Born. et Flah. f. variabilis Prasad, Gloeotrichia raciborskii Woloszynska var. kashiense Rao, Melosira varians Ag., Crucigenia crucifera (Wolle) Collins and Euastrum spinulosum Delp. var. bellum Scott et Prescott were recorded from Chimdi lake. Euastrum spinulosum var. bellum was recorded for the first time from Nepal. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njbs.v2i0.7499 Nepalese Journal of Biosciences 2 : 118-125 (2012)
24
Ghimire, Sulochana, and Srijana Neupane. "KNOWLEDGE REGARDING PREVENTION OF VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA AMONG NURSES IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL, RUPANDEHI, NEPAL." Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences 6, no. 1 (November 20, 2018): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v6i1.21721.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most frequent and severe infection acquired in the intensive care unit, leading to prolonged mechanical ventilation and excess mortality. This study has been conducted to find out the knowledge regarding prevention of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) among nurses.Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to find out the knowledge regarding prevention of VAP among nurses. Fifty one respondents working in different intensive care areas (ICU, CCU, NICU and PICU) of Universal College of Medical Sciences - Teaching Hospital were selected as the study sample by using census method. Self-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect the data and collected data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS software version 16.Results: The findings of the study revealed that 41.2% and 86.2% of the respondents had knowledge regarding meaning and causative agent of VAP respectively. The mean percentage of risk factors of VAP and VAP bundle were 86.2 and 61.3 respectively. About 37% of the respondents had knowledge regarding oral care with chlorhexidine, 86.3% had knowledge that ventilator circuit should be changed for every new patient and 39.2% of the respondents had knowledge that closed suction system prevents VAP. The findings of the study revealed that 49.1% of the respondents had high knowledge and 7.8% had average knowledge. There was no statistically significant association between respondents' level of knowledge regarding prevention of VAP with respondents' working experience (p=O.493) and qualification (p=O.459).Conclusion: Based on the study findings, it is concluded that almost half of the respondents have high knowledge regarding prevention of VAP. Besides this, respondents have high knowledge regarding VAP (meaning, causative agent, risk factors, principles and complications) and VAP prevention by positioning, airway humidification and suctioning and low knowledge is found on component of VAP bundle, oral care to reduce VAP and ideal cuff pressure of endotracheal tube.Journal of Universal College of Medical SciencesVol. 6, No. 1, 2018, Page: 27-31
25
Raskoti, Bhakta B., Rita Ale, and Ganga D. Bhatt. "A new record of Nymphaea (Nymphaeaceae) for Flora of Nepal." Botanica Orientalis: Journal of Plant Science 8 (March 2, 2012): 105–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/botor.v8i0.5958.
Full textAbstract:
Occurrence of Nymphaea lotus var. pubescens Willd. (Nymphaeaceae) in Nepal is reported. Detailed description, illustration and relevant notes are provided.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/botor.v8i0.5958 Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2011) 8: 105-107
26
Timila, R. D., J. C. Correll, and V. R. Duwadi. "Severe and Widespread Clubroot Epidemics in Nepal." Plant Disease 92, no. 2 (February 2008): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-2-0317b.
Full textAbstract:
Cultivation of brassica vegetables has the highest potential for generating income among more traditional rice and maize farmers in Nepal. Among brassica vegetables, the most important are cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.) and cabbage (B. oleracea var. capitata L.). Although clubroot disease, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin, has been observed in Nepal since 1993, severe and widespread epidemics have been observed since 2004 in the Bhaktapur, Kathmandu, Lalitpur, and Palung Valley production areas. Typical disease symptoms (1) are widespread, and disease severity has been particularly severe in the Kathmandu Valley and Palung/Daman area of the Makwanpur District. Many cauliflower fields in these areas have had as much as 100% yield loss between 2004 and 2006 with an estimated 40% overall loss from clubroot. Estimates from interviews with growers in the Palung production area during an intensive farmers' interaction program indicated that cauliflower production was reduced from 5 to 6 metric tons per household (1,500 m2) prior to 2004 to <300 kg per household in 2004 and beyond. The economic loss in this area alone was estimated at $1.4 million in 2004 and 2005. Examination of transplant nurseries indicated that frequently >80% of the seedlings have symptoms of clubroot at the time of transplanting. Soil samples from throughout the production areas indicated that the sandy loam soils were predominately acidic (pH range of 4.2 to 7.2 with >90% below 6.0). Several management practices are being employed to reduce disease severity, including the use of clubroot resistant cultivars, raising the soil pH to >7.0 by using dolomitic lime, testing of the fungicide flusulfamide (Nebijin) and biopesticide Sanjeevani (Trichoderma viride), and biofumigation and solarization of the nursery beds in an effort to reduce disease pressure on transplant material. References: (1) G. R. Dixon. Compendium of Brassica Diseases. S. R. Rimmer et al., eds. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, 2007.
27
Shrivastava, Umesh Prasad. "Molecular Diversity Assessment of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16s rRNA Gene." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 5, no. 1 (March 25, 2017): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v5i1.17029.
Full textAbstract:
The rhizobacteria were isolated from rhizosphere of rice plant of different fields of 4 districts of Nepal and 5 districts of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, adjoining states of India with Nepal. The DGGE analysis was performed for diversity analysis. For the construction of dendrogram, 16S rRNA gene was amplified by two different sets of primers. The DGGE ladder consisting of PCR amplified products of nine pure bacterial cultures were obtained. The first DGGE ladder was prepared by 400 bp fragment of 16S rDNA with GC clamp and the second DGGE ladder was prepared with 200 bp fragment of 16S rDNA with GC clamp. The perpendicular DGGE of these amplicons based on their melting behavior clearly demonstrated separation of different isolates. The 16S rDNA fragment amplified with primer set of V2-V3 regions with GC clamp showed separation between 40-60% of denaturant. The DGGE profile based on primer set F352T and 519r for various bacteria present in soil samples of 5 districts of India and 4 districts of Nepal revealed that the number of bands which might be specific for diazotrophic isolates varied from 2 to 11. The dendrogram constructed based on DGGE profile of various samples of 5 districts of India and 4 districts of Nepal showed that all the samples could be clustered in nine groups with 58-96% similarity to each other. Among all these 37 samples, only Var-4 and Var-5 showed 100% similarity, no other samples from any site showed 100% similarity. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(1): 72-80
28
Shalimov, Aleksandr Petrovich, Yu-Dong Wu, and Xian-Chun Zhang. "A taxonomic revision of the genus Selaginella (Selaginellaceae) from Nepal." PhytoKeys 133 (October 7, 2019): 1–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.133.37773.
Full textAbstract:
The present paper deals with the taxonomy of Selaginella from Nepal based on the examination of herbarium collections housed in major herbaria of Europe and Asia (with additional collections from virtual herbaria). A total of 25 species are recognised here, while Selaginella trichophylla and S. laxistrobila are two new records for the flora of Nepal, India (Sikkim) and Bhutan; Selaginella monospora var. ciliolata is synonymised to S. trichophylla; detailed descriptions, distribution and ecology and IUCN conservation status assessments (based on literature) are presented. For most of the species, illustrations of the leaves and strobili are provided for identification of the morphologically similar taxa.
29
Mill, R. R. "Notes relating to the Flora of Bhutan: XXXII. Boraginaceae, II. New taxa, combinations and lectotypifications in subfamily Boraginoideae." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 53, no. 1 (March 1996): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428600002754.
Full textAbstract:
One new genus (Setulocarya R.R. Mill & D.G. Long, belonging to tribe Eritrichieae and allied to Microcaryum I.M. Johnst.: Himachal Pradesh, Nepal, Sikkim) and four new species (Hackelia bhutanica R.R. Mill and H. obtusifolia R.R. Mill, both from Bhutan and Sikkim, Lasiocaryum ludiowii R.R. Mill from Bhutan, Nepal and Tibet, and Trigonotis clarkei R.R. Mill from Darjeeling) are described. The new combinations Setulocarya diffusa (Brand) R.R. Mill & D.G. Long and Onosma emodi Wall. var. stelligera (I.M. Johnst.) R.R. Mill are made. Tournefortia hookeri C.B. Clarke is lectotypified and the typification of Microula pustulosa (C.B. Clarke) Duthie is clarified.
30
Dhungel, Sarala, Giri Prasad Joshi, and Deepak Raj Pant. "Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of fruit extracts of Berberis species from Nepal." Botanica Orientalis: Journal of Plant Science 10 (November 1, 2016): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/botor.v10i0.21017.
Full textAbstract:
The Himalayan region is rich in flowering plants diversity, including medicinal and wild edible plants. These plants possess variety of therapeutically important compounds, like alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, steroids, tannins and terpenoids in different parts. Presence of significant amount of these compounds makes a species valuable to be used as super foods or medicines. Furthermore, plant extracts especially those of fruits are basically attributed with natural antioxidants, either in form of vitamins or color-inducing pigments, which have become the target to replace the synthetic antioxidants. In this regard, fruits of Berberis species, one of the popular wild edible fruits of Nepal, are noted for their antioxidant property since time immemorial. The present study was done with an attempt to quantify the antioxidant potential and antibacterial activities of the fruit extracts of four taxa of Berberis (B. angulosa var. angulosa, B. angulosa var. fasciculata, B. aristata and B. asiatica) from Nepal and to correlate the antioxidant potential with various phytochemicals present in the extracts. Methanolic fruit extracts were used to spectrophotometrically quantify total phenolic and flavonoid contents. DPPH free radical scavenging assay and antibacterial assay were carried out in in-vitro condition. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed high polyphenol content (52.60 ± 3.73 and 58.07 ± 1.44 mg GAE/g) and better antioxidant property (35.29 ± 3.01 and 29.15 ± 2.01 μg/ml) respectively in B. angulosa var. angulosa and B. angulosa var. fasciculata than in the fruit extracts of B. aristata and B. asiatica. In contrast, fruit extracts of B. asiatica showed the highest total flavonoid content (27.52 ± 0.56 mg QE/g) than did by the extracts of other taxa studied. The fruit extract of B. aristata and B. angulosa var. fasciculata at very high concentration (200 mg/ml) showed maximum zone of inhibition (ZOI) against tested bacterial strains, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In contrast, B. asiatica did not show any ZOI for both of the tested bacterial strains. As fruits are better sources of antioxidant with greater accumulation of flavonoids and phenolics, wild fruits should be equally spaced for their better efficiency as cultivated ones.Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2016) 10: 6–11
31
Hilliard, O. M., and B. L. Burtt. "Old World Gesneriaceae. IV. Notes on Didymocarpus and Lysionotus." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 52, no. 2 (July 1995): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428600000974.
Full textAbstract:
Didymocarpus rodgeri (incl. var. siamensis) is reduced to a synonym of D. aureoglandulosus (SE India, Burma and Thailand); D. subalternans var. curvicapsa (Nepal–Sikkim) is raised to specific rank, and a new species, D. triplotrichus (Darjeeling distr. and Sikkim), is described. Lysionotus himalayensis is redetermined and reduced to synonymy under L. serratus; as a result L. atropurpureus, which name it had recently superseded, is reinstated. Aeschynanthus kingii and A. levipes are both transferred to Lysionotus, while L. wardii and L. gracilipes are reduced to synonymy under L. pubescens. Notes and new records are provided for L. confertus and L. serratus var. pterocaulis.
32
Navaratnam, Ravinthirakumaran, and Kasavarajah Mayandy. "Causal nexus between fiscal deficit and economic growth." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 4, no. 8 (August 31, 2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol4.iss8.575.
Full textAbstract:
The impact of fiscal deficit on economic growth is one of the most widely debated issues among economists and policy makers in both developed and developing countries in the recent period. This paper seeks to examine the impact of fiscal deficit on economic growth in selected South Asian countries, namely, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka using time series annual data over the period 1980 to 2014. The paper uses cointegration analysis, error correction modelling and Granger causality test under a Vector Autoregression (VAR) framework. The results from this study confirmed that the fiscal deficit has a negative impact on economic growth in the South Asian countries considered in this study except Nepal, which confirmed the positive impact. The results also highlighted that the direction of causality for the SAARC countries is mixed where fiscal deficit causes economic growth for Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan, but the reverse is true for India and Sri Lanka.
33
Adhikari, M. K. "PSATHYRELLA CANDOLLEANA (FR.:FR.) MAIRE VAR. CANDOLLEANA (FR.) MAIRE: A NEW RECORD OF MUSHROOM FOR NEPAL." Scientific World 12, no. 12 (October 6, 2015): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v12i12.13602.
Full textAbstract:
Recently Psathyrella candolleana (Fr.:Fr.) Maire var. candolleana (Fr.) Maire (1913) was gathered from Lainchour, Kathmandu. It is considered as new record for Nepal. The brief description, distribution and the photograph of the species has been included in this paper.Scientific World, Vol. 12, No. 12, September 2014, page 77-78
34
Turner, I. M. "NOTES ON THE NAMES OF TWO SPECIES OF CAMPANULA (CAMPANULACEAE) VALIDATED BY R. H. BEDDOME." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 70, no. 1 (February 21, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428612000339.
Full textAbstract:
In 1907, R. H. Beddome published a list of the Campanula species found in cultivation. Until recently it has been overlooked that Beddome validated two species names in this publication. Campanula lacei Duthie ex Bedd. is a species from the Himalayas of North-West India. It is lectotypified here and shown to be a synonym of Adenophora himalayana Feer. One of the syntypes of this species was collected from the far west of Nepal, but Adenophora has been overlooked in recent enumerations of the flora of Nepal. Campanula pelia Haussk. ex Bedd. is a species from Thessaly, Greece, and is the correct name for the taxon variously referred to as Campanula andrewsii var. pelia Halácsy or Campanula thessala Maire.
35
Manandhar, Laxmi, and Shyam Ratna Shakya. "Cytotaxonomical Notes on Two Nepalese Varieties of Desmodium heterocarpon (L.) DC." Journal of Natural History Museum 24 (October 9, 2009): 130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v24i1.2289.
Full textAbstract:
The paper deals with cytotaxonomical accounts of the two varieties of Desmodium heterocarpon (L.) DC such as var. strigosum and var. heterocarpon collected from Nepal. Somatic chromosome number of both the varieties was found to be 2n=22. Smaller chromosomes with median constrictions predominated in both the cases. The slight differences in relative and absolute lengths between the karyotypes of the two varieties have been recorded.Key word: Varieties; Cytological analysis; Camera lucida; Abnormal stucture.Journal of Natural History Museum Vol. 24, 2009 Page: 130-136
36
LIU, XINGYUE, FUMIO HAYASHI, and DING YANG. "Revision of the fishfly genus Neochauliodes van der Weele (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) from India and adjacent regions of South Asia." Zootaxa 2692, no. 1 (November 30, 2010): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2692.1.2.
Full textAbstract:
A revision of the fishfly genus Neochauliodes van der Weele from India and its adjacent regions in South Asia is presented. Seven species are recorded and re-described from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal, with one species described as new to science. A key to the adults of the Neochauliodes from South Asia is also given.
37
Agnihotri, Priyanka, Danish Husain, and Tariq Husain. "Lectotypification of the name Aconitum naviculare (Ranunculaceae)." Phytotaxa 218, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.218.2.12.
Full textAbstract:
Aconitum naviculare was first described by Brühl in Brühl & King (1896) as a variety of Aconitum ferox Wall. ex Ser. i.e. Aconitum ferox var. navicularis. Later on, Stapf (1905) published the new combination, citing Brühl’s var. navicularis as the basionym. This taxon is distributed in the alpine zones of India, China, Nepal and Bhutan. During revisionary studies on the tribe Delphineae from India, it was found that no type has been designated for this taxon. Therefore, a lectotype for A. naviculare is selected here from amongst the original material.
38
Stapleton, C. M. A. "The bamboos of Nepal and Bhutan. Part II: Arundinaria, Thamnocalamus, Borinda, and Yushania (Gramineae: Poaceae, Bambusoideae)." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 51, no. 2 (July 1994): 275–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428600000883.
Full textAbstract:
This paper continues the systematic treatment of the bamboos of Nepal and Bhutan, covering four hardy temperate genera with semelauctant inflorescences and 3 stamens from the subtribe Arundinariinae Bentham. Arundinaria Michaux has leptomorph rhizomes, while Thamnocalamus Munro, Yushania Keng f., and the new genus Borinda have pachymorph rhizomes. The separation of these and related Sino-Himalayan genera is discussed. Sinarundinaria Nakai is treated as a synonym of Fargesia Franchet, a genus that is not known from the Himalayas. A new treatment of Himalayan Thamnocalamus species is given, including the description of two new subspecies of Thamnocalamus spathiflorus (Trin.) Munro, subsp. nepalensis and subsp. occidentalis, and one new variety, bhutanensis. T. aristalus is treated as a synonym of T. spathiflorus subsp. spathiflorus, and Fargesia crassinoda Yi is transferred and given new status as Thamnocalamus spathiflorus (Trin.) Munro var. crassinodus (Yi) Stapleton. Two new species of Borinda are described: B. chigar from West Nepal and B. emeryi from East Nepal. Six species of Fargesia from Tibet are transferred to Borinda, which thus comprises eight species.
39
Shrestha, Ujjowala Devi. "Role of Paediatricians in Paediatric Ophthalmology." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 33, no. 1 (June 15, 2013): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i1.7605.
Full textAbstract:
Children are primarily examined by paediatricians. In Nepal, child health is in low priority due to illiteracy, there is total lack of awareness about children’s eye health. The common avoidable causes of childhood blindness are refractive errors, amblyopia, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), vitamin A deficiency (VAD), xerophthalmia, ophthalmia neonatorum (ON), congenital cataract, and retinoblastoma. Paediatricians could be the key persons for early referral of these children to a paediatric ophthalmologist. Paediatricians can send the patients for eye examination after birth within 6 weeks, at 6 months, at one year and before going to school. In conclusion, early screening and referral by the paediatricians to the paediatric ophthalmologist prevents children from being sightless. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i1.7605 J Nepal Paediatr Soc. 2013;33(1):80-82
40
Sharma, Ira, and Sangam Lama. "Assessing the Prevalence and Factors Affecting Sexual Harassment Among Female Staffs of a Supermarket in Kathmandu, Nepal." Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/jarss.v3i2.373.
Full textAbstract:
This cross sectional study was carried out to assess the prevalence and factors affecting sexual harassment (SH) among female staffs of a supermarket in Kathmandu, Nepal. The data were collected with self-administered questionnaire from 170 staffs. Uni-variate (descriptive detail) and bivariate (statistical detail) analyses were the methods applied. Among 24.1% of sexually harassed respondents, the most common was 15-30 years' age group. Moreover, 80.5% of the victims were harassed verbally, 39% non-verbally and 48.8% physically. The harassment occurred either when they were alone (non-verbal 56.5% and physical 78.3%) or when the shop was crowded (non-verbal 29.3% and physical 88.2%). Most of the victims accepted the problem (non-verbal 55.6% and physical 94.4%) due to fear of being fired and social stigma. Non-verbal (53.8%) and physical (100%) harassments mostly occurred during night shift whereas verbal harassment (63.4%) occurred during day shift. Out of 6 selected predictors: age, dress, place, shift, perpetrator and acceptance of the incident, the verbal harassment was statistically associated with shift (63.6% in day, p-val.= 0.007), non-verbal harassment was associated with age (25% of age 15-30 years, p-val.=0.002) and the physical harassment was statistically associated with age (35% of age 15-30 years, p-val.=0.000), shift (35.0% at night, p-val.=0.000), prepatrators (25% of age 15-30 years, p-val.=0.003), acceptance (40.0% due fear of being fired/ social stigma, p-val.=0.000). In order to reduce sexual harassment among female staffs of supermarkets, there must be awareness programs for all the staff, advocacy programs against SH for customers and staffs, punishment for the perpetrators must be legal.
41
Rajopadhyaya, Ritu, and Shiva Kumar Rai. "Some freshwater algae from Bagh-Jhoda wetland, Morang: new for Nepal." Journal of Natural History Museum 30 (December 1, 2018): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v30i0.27375.
Full textAbstract:
Present paper describes new and interesting algae reported during the exploration of algal flora of Bagh-Jhoda wetland, Morang. A total of 20 species of freshwater algae, excluding cyanobacteria, have been reported from this wetland as new for Nepal. They were Ankistrodesmus spiralis, Botryococcus braunii, B. protuberans, Glaucocystis duplex, Gonium sociale, Kirchneriella contorta, Nephrocytium hydrophilum, N.obesum, Oocystiseremosphaeria, Sorastrum americanum, Staurastrum pseudosebaldi, S. striolatum var. divergens, S. subpolymorphum, Glenodinium borgei, Peridinium gatunense, Gomphonema lacusrankaloides, G. pseudoaugur, Nitzschia cf. pumila, Pinnularia amabilis and Ulnaria capitata. This wetland area is rich in algal diversity including red algae and it needs further extensive exploration.
42
Mishra, Deebya Raj, Niharika Shah, and Dibya Singh Shah. "Incidence and Outcome of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia in ICU of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 56, no. 207 (September 30, 2017): 304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.3216.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Ventilator associated pneumonia is an important intensive care unit acquired infection in mechanically ventilated patients. Early and correct diagnosis of Ventilator associated pneumonia is difficult but is an urgent challenge for an optimal antibiotic treatment.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary care hospital in Nepal. Consecutive patients were considered during the study period, who met the criteria were included for the study. Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score was used to diagnose Ventilator associated pneumonia.
Results: Among 60 patients ventilated for more than 48 hours, 25 (41.6%) developed ventilator associated pneumonia. The incidence was 25 VAPs per 100 ventilated patients or 26 VAPs per 1000 ventilator days during the period of study. Days on ventilator and duration in ICU were higher in the VAP group. There was a trend towards increasing mortality in the VAP group (P value=0.06).
Conclusions: There exists a high rate of VAP in our Intensive Care Unit. Targeted strategies aimed at reducing Ventilator associated pneumonia should be implemented to improve patient outcome and reduce length of Intensive Care Unit stay and costs.
Keywords: clinical pulmonary infection score; incidence; ventilator associated pneumonia.
43
Shrestha, Sabitri, Shiva Kumar Rai, and Min Raj Dhakal. "Algae of Itahari Municipality and its adjoining area, Eastern Nepal." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 1, no. 1 (April 10, 2013): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v1i1.7920.
Full textAbstract:
A total fifty-two algal taxa belonging to 3 classes and 21 families were reported from Itahari and its adjoining areas. Among them, Chlorophycean taxa were rich with 36 taxa followed by 9 taxa of Cyanophyceae and 7 taxa of Bacillariophyceae. Sixteen taxa were identified up to generic level only and rest 36 up to species level. Most of the species were collected from aquatic habitat both lotic and lentic, some were from soil and few as epiphytic. Out of 36, ten algae viz., Oscillatoria tenuis, Lyngbya martensiana, Achnanthes brevips, Pithophora varia, Stigeoclonium fasciculare, Oedogonium gallicum, Spirogyra crassa, S. gracilis, Closterium acerosum var. tumidum and Cosmarium nitidulum were new to Nepal. Dominant genera were Spirogyra, Oscillatoria, Closterium, Cosmarium, Navicula and Hydrodictyon collected from ponds, moist soils, ditches, and canals. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v1i1.7920 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, 2013, Vol. 1(1): 5-10
44
Rai, Shiva Kumar, Pradeep Kumar Mishra, and Kamal Madan. "On some Diatoms from High Altitude Gokyo Lake-Iii, Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal." Journal of Natural History Museum 26 (December 17, 2015): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v26i0.14134.
Full textAbstract:
The present paper describes total 16 taxa of diatoms under 12 genera, belonging to 1 centric (Cyclotella antiqua W. Smith var. minor Suxena & Venkateswarlu) and 15 pennate species from Gokyo lake- III, Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal. Of these, 6 were the new records for the country. The morphological descriptions, taxonomic accounts and distribution are described systematically with photographs J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 26, 2012: 93-110
45
Karkee, Ajaya, Krishna Hari Ghimire, and Bal Krishna Joshi. "Evaluation of Naked Barley Landraces for Agro-morphological Traits." Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council 6 (March 17, 2020): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnarc.v6i0.28112.
Full textAbstract:
Naked barley (Hordeum vulgare var. nudum L.) is a traditional, culturally important, climate-resilient winter cereal crop of Nepal. Evaluation of the naked barely genotypes for yield and disease is fundamental for their efficient utilization in plant breeding schemes and effective conservation programs. Therefore, to identify high yielding and yellow rust resistant landraces of naked barley for hilly and mountainous agro-ecosystem, twenty naked barley landraces collected from different locations of Nepal, were evaluated in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications during winter season of 2016 and 2017 at Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal. Combined analysis of variances revealed that NGRC04902 (3.46 t/ha), NGRC00886 (3.28 t/ha), NGRC02309 (3.21 t/ha) and NGRC06026 (3.10 t/ha) were the high yielding landraces and statistically at par with the released variety 'Solu Uwa' (3.15 t/ha). The landraces namely NGRC00837 (ACI Value: 1.86) was found resistant to yellow rust diseases. Landraces NGRC06034 (131.7 days) and NGRC02363 (130.8 days) were found early maturing and NGRC02306 (94.36 cm) was found dwarf landraces among tested genotypes. These landraces having higher yield and better resistance to yellow rust need to be deployed to farmers' field to diversify the varietal options and used in resistant breeding program to improve the productivity of naked barley for Nepalese farmers.
46
Novais, Maria Helena, INGRID JÜTTNER, BART VAN DE VIJVER, MARIA MANUELA MORAIS, LUCIEN HOFFMANN, and LUC ECTOR. "Morphological variability within the Achnanthidium minutissimum species complex (Bacillariophyta): comparison between the type material of Achnanthes minutissima and related taxa, and new freshwater Achnanthidium species from Portugal." Phytotaxa 224, no. 2 (August 28, 2015): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.224.2.1.
Full textAbstract:
Two new taxa similar to Achnanthidium minutissimum were common and abundant in samples collected during a survey of benthic diatoms in watercourses from mainland Portugal. They are described here as A. duriense, sp. nov. and A. lusitanicum, sp. nov. In addition, the recently described A. pseudolineare is reported from various localities and its ecology is described in detail. The new Achnanthidium species from Portugal were compared with the type material of morphologically similar taxa: Achnanthidium microcephalum, Achnanthes minutissima, A. minutissima var. cryptocephala, A. minutissima var. inconspicua and A. nana. The analysis of this type material confirmed that Achnanthes minutissima var. cryptocephala should be regarded as a different taxon, and a new combination is proposed, Achnanthidium neocryptocephalum, stat., comb. et nom. nov. Achnanthes minutissima var. inconspicua is now considered as a younger synonym of Achnanthidium lineare. Based on a detailed morphological study of specimens of Achnanthes nana from Scotland, Nepal and Portugal, this taxon is transferred to the genus Achnanthidium as Achnanthidium nanum, comb. nov.
47
Rai, Amrit Kumar, and Megha Raj Dhakal. "Learning Stypes of Male and Female Students of Nepal." Journal of Advanced Academic Research 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 67–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v4i1.19520.
Full textAbstract:
Learning is natural phenomena starts with the birth; it is a gradual process of investigation of new knowledge. Every creature has their own learning styles as their biological and social nature. People have superior power to learn many things as they become interested. School is one platform to learn many things for the students. School creates the learning environment but learning style may be varied in student to student. The study aims to identify the learning styles of male and female students of public and private school of Nepal. Primary data were collected from Makwanpur, Chitwan, Gorkha and Dhading Districts among Chepang Community. The study is done among the 368 students of four districts. The three types of learning styles: Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic (VAK) model developed by Neil Fleming was used in field for data collection. The result shows that there is no significant different between male and female students regarding their learning styles. It indicates that achievement and performance of male and female is similar. In Nepalese society, there are some gender differences in social relationship. Still, in most of the society, daughters are given less priority for their growth and development because of the patriarchal concept of society but the study has given the different result than the general concept. It is shown that a daughter can give better result if she will get better learning environment. The result has challenged the discriminatory gender relation in society.
48
Soumya, Murugan, and Maya Chandrasekaran Nair. "The Nepal Pipewort Eriocaulon nepalense var. luzulifolium (Commelinids: Poales: Eriocaulaceae): a new distribution record for southern India." Journal of Threatened Taxa 11, no. 6 (April 26, 2019): 13811–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.4759.11.6.13811-13814.
Full textAbstract:
Eriocaulon nepalense var. luzulifolium (Mart.) Praj. & J. Parn is described as a new record for South India from Nelliyampathy hills of Kollengode range forests, Nemmara forest Division, Palakkad district, Kerala. A detailed taxonomic description, nomenclatural status and photographs of the plant parts have been provided.
49
Subedi, Rashmi, Amit khanal, Krishna Aryal,, Lal Bahadur Chhetri, and Bishnu Prasad kandel. "RESPONSE OF AZOTOBACTER IN CAULIFLOWER (BRASSICA OLERACEA L. VAR. BOTRYTIS) PRODUCTION AT LAMJUNG, NEPAL." Acta Scientifica Malaysia 3, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/asm.01.2019.17.20.
Full text
50
Pudasaini, R., and RB Thapa. "Effect of pollination on rapeseed (Brassica campestris L. var. Toria) production in Chitwan, Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 15 (June 1, 2014): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v15i0.19814.
Full textAbstract:
Rapeseed is an important cash crop of Nepal and an experiment was conducted to study the effect of pollination on its production in Chitwan during 2012-2013. The experiment was designed in Randomized Complete Block with four replications and five pollination treatments. The rapeseed plots were caged with mosquito nets at 10% flowering except natural pollination. Two-framed colonies of Apis mellifera L. and Apis cerana F. were introduced separately for pollination, and control plot caged without pollinators. Seed set increased by 48.72% with Apis cerana F. and 45.73% with Apis mellifera L. pollination as compared to the control. The highest seed yield was obtained from Apis cerana F. (1.11 mt/ha), followed by Apis mellifera L. (0.88 mt/ha), hand (0.75 mt/ha), natural pollination (0.66 mt/ha) and control (0.13 mt/ha), respectively. This study clearly indicated pollination deficit under natural condition, and therefore, management of honeybee is necessary for higher production and productivity of rapeseed under Chitwan condition.