Relevant bibliographies by topics / VCLT

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'VCLT'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "VCLT"

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Hildenbrand, D. L., K. H. Lau, J. Perez-Mariano, and A. Sanjurjo. "Thermochemistry of the Gaseous Vanadium Chlorides VCl, VCl2, VCl3, and VCl4." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 112, no. 40 (October 9, 2008): 9978–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp803711w.

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Fitzmaurice, Malgosia. "Concept of a Treaty in Decisions of International Courts and Tribunals." International Community Law Review 20, no. 2 (April 17, 2018): 137–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18719732-12341371.

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Abstract This article investigates and analyses the work of the International Law Commission concerning what constitutes a treaty in international law, and the role of international courts and tribunals in developing the definition of treaty as enshrined in the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (‘the VCLT’). The definition of the treaty in the VCLT is the starting point of the discussion. The article argues that there is a whole host of new elements which appear in the practice of international courts and tribunals (including the International Court of Justice) that supplement the classical definition in the VCLT. However, judicial practice in international courts and tribunals is rather diverse which inhibits the formulation of a uniform and consistent general rule in respect of the definition of the treaty outside that of the VCLT.
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Panjwani, Pratyush. "The Role of Travaux in Interpreting BIT Provisions: Are Tribunals Over-Prepared to Resort to Preparatory Works?" Journal of World Investment & Trade 20, no. 4 (August 27, 2019): 473–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22119000-12340140.

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Abstract While multilateral investment treaties have formed the centrepiece of much academic discourse, an uncharacteristic literary silence has eclipsed the issue of interpretation of bilateral investment treaties under the scheme of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT). This article travels this untraversed territory by revisiting the basics of the principles encapsulated in the hierarchical set-up of Articles 31 and 32 VCLT, and juxtaposing this foundational set-up against its frequent oversights by investment tribunals. These oversights are exemplified by the divergent interpretative analyses afforded to umbrella and most-favoured-nation clauses, and emanate from a premature resort to the travaux préparatoires of investment treaties under Article 32 VCLT. Ultimately, the article argues that a proper application of the VCLT would go a long way in eliminating the contradictions tainting the understanding of the aforesaid clauses.
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Simonsick, William Joseph. "Is Provisional Application on the Rise in International Investment Agreements? The European Union’s Recent Treaty Practice and the Curious Case of Von Pezold." Nordic Journal of International Law 88, no. 2 (April 24, 2019): 180–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718107-08802002.

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As the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (vclt) approaches its 50th birthday, the peculiar phenomenon of provisional application appears to be on the rise. Although previously confined, in the sphere of international investment agreements (iias), to the context of the Energy Charter Treaty, provisional application is increasingly seen in European Union multilateral investment treaties. Furthermore, the recent decision of Von Pezold has explored the open-ended nature of Article 25(1)(b) vclt, and the potential range of iias to which provisional application is possible. Subject to textual interpretation authorized by Articles 31 and 32 vclt, found in Kardassopoulos, Petrobart and the Yukos Oil tribunals, provisional application is a legal regime that can very easily lead towards unintended results. This article suggests the solutions of more careful syntax and grammar, and limiting clauses and changes in legal processes, to further mature provisional application jurisprudence.
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van Aaken, Anne. "The Cognitive Psychology of Rules of Interpretation in International Law." AJIL Unbound 115 (2021): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2021.34.

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While Articles 31 and 32 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) prescribe the rules of interpretation for international treaty law as “disciplining rules,” the rules of interpretation themselves are understudied from a cognitive psychology perspective. This is problematic because, as Jerome Frank observed, “judges are incurably human,” like everybody else. I submit that behavioral approaches could provide insights into how biases and heuristics affect the way judges and other interpreters use the VCLT rules.
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Rietiker, Daniel. "The Principle of "Effectiveness" in the Recent Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights: Its Different Dimensions and Its Consistency with Public International Law – No Need for the Concept of Treaty Sui Generis." Nordic Journal of International Law 79, no. 2 (2010): 245–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181010x12668401899039.

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AbstractThe recent past has shown an ever-growing fragmentation of the international legal system where lawyers and judges are facing more and more the phenomenon of the same legal question being discussed in different fora. This is particularly the case in the field of human rights that entails the dispersal of responsibilities for interpretation of numerous instruments among various different judicial and quasi-judicial bodies, of both universal and regional nature. In order to secure coherence and legal certainty in the system, it is important to respect a set of principles and rules of general international law, in particular Articles 31–33 of the 1969 Vienna Convention of the Law of Treaties (VCLT). The first goal of this article is to analyse whether the Court applies the rules of the VCLT to the interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Secondly, assuming that the VCLT fully applies, it will be analysed whether Article 31(1) VCLT is flexible enough to allow nevertheless some leeway for the development of specificities, especially as a result of the particular nature of the ECHR. Thirdly, it will be shown that the Court has indeed developed a set of specific methods of interpretation, aiming to render the rights enshrined in the ECHR effective. From the author's point of view, they can all be regarded as sub-forms (or partial aspects) of the teleological interpretation. He distinguishes between four dimensions of the principle of "effectiveness".
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김, 부찬. "조약의 역사와 비엔나 조약법협약(VCLT)의 의의." Korea International Law Review 53 (June 30, 2019): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.25197/kilr.2019.53.1.

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Bjorklund, Andrea K. "The Enduring but Unwelcome Role of Party Intent in Treaty Interpretation." AJIL Unbound 112 (2018): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2018.27.

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Party “intent” is not one of the tools that the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) gives to treaty interpreters. To be sure, party intent is presumably reflected in the “object and purpose” of the treaty, but it is not a separate criterion; in fact, the VCLT implicitly excludes party intent from playing an interpretive role. Yet many decision-makers, counsel, and academics persistently look to party intent for guidance when interpreting treaties. The most favored nation (MFN) debate illustrates why party intent endures as an interpretive touchstone: treaty language, even when analyzed in context and in light of the convention's object and purpose, does not always lead to clear answers. Both Simon Batifort and J. Benton Heath and Stephan Schill, in their different ways, depart from traditional VCLT analysis and hark to party intent as a reason to endorse a modified approach to treaty interpretation. Yet they also illustrate why party intent is an imperfect tool: party intent is too malleable to be a conclusive guide to treaty meaning.
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Mortenson, Julian Davis. "The Travaux of Travaux: Is the Vienna Convention Hostile to Drafting History?" American Journal of International Law 107, no. 4 (October 2013): 780–822. http://dx.doi.org/10.5305/amerjintelaw.107.4.0780.

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It is often asserted that the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) relegates drafting history to a rigidly subsidiary role in treaty interpretation. Many commentators go so far as to suggest that the VCLT entrenches a categorical prejudice against travaux préparatoires (travaux)—the preparatory work of negotiation, discussions, and drafting that produces a final treaty text. Because of this alleged hostility to history as a source of meaning, the conventional wisdom is that when an interpreter thinks a text is fairly clear and produces results that are not manifestly unreasonable or absurd, she ought to give that prima facie reading preclusive effect over anything the travaux might suggest to the contrary.
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Kakushima, Naomi, Masao Yoshida, Tomohiro Iwai, Noboru Kawata, Masaki Tanaka, Kohei Takizawa, Sayo Ito, et al. "A simple endoscopic scoring system to differentiate between duodenal adenoma and carcinoma." Endoscopy International Open 05, no. 08 (August 2017): E763—E768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-113567.

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Abstract Background and study aims Diagnosis of nonampullary duodenal low grade adenoma (Vienna classification category 3, VCL 3) and high grade adenoma/carcinoma (VCL 4 or higher) is important for clinical management decisions. However, there are no criteria based on which endoscopic diagnosis can differentiate between VCL3 and VCL4 or higher. This study aimed to establish simple diagnostic criteria to differentiate between VCL3 and VCL4 or higher. Patients and methods This retrospective study included patients with superficial nonampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (NADETs) who underwent tumor resection between June 2004 and November 2016 at a single cancer center hospital. Using patient demographics and endoscopic findings from 2004 to 2013, variables related to the final histology of VCL4 or higher were analyzed, and a predictive model was developed. Validation analysis was performed on patients treated between 2014 and 2016. Results A total of 150 lesions in 134 patients were included. Lesion diameter, reddish color, depression, heterogeneous or no nodularity, and mixed or depressed macroscopic types were significantly predictive of VCL4 or higher. A predictive score model was developed and a score of 3 points was defined as an appropriate cutoff for predicting VCL4 or higher. In the validation analysis, the accuracy rate of VCL4 or higher diagnosis was 86 % when the score was ≥ 3 points. Scores between patients with VCL3 and VCL4 or higher were significantly different (P = 0.0004). Conclusions A simple and useful endoscopic scoring system was developed to preoperatively differentiate between VCL3 and VCL4 or higher among superficial NADETs.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "VCLT"

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Merkouris, Panagiotis. "Article 31(3)(c) of the VCLT and the principle of systemic integration." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2010. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/477.

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The proliferation of international courts and tribunals combined with the expansion of the areas and density of regulation of international law has given rise to a debate on the issue of fragmentation of international law. Within this context and as a possible response to this fear of fragmentation, the issue of interpretation with specific reference to Article 31(3)(c) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties has come to the forefront. The overarching aim of the present thesis entitled ‘Article 31(3)(c) of the VCLT and the Principle of Systemic Integration’ is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the content and the function of Article 31(3)(c) both as a conventional and as a customary rule (i.e. as principle of systemic integration). To this end, the thesis adopts a two-pronged approach. In the first Part of this thesis the analysis is based on the text of the provision itself, both on its written and unwritten elements (intertemporal law considerations). This analysis demonstrates that a proper understanding of Article 31(3)(c) leads us to the adoption of the proximity criterion as the only appropriate in the application of Article 31(3)(c). Having concluded the textual analysis, the thesis then, in the second Part, considers Article 31(3)(c) from a different vantage point. It examines Article 31(3)(c) from the more general perspective of the system as a whole and analyses what the effects of more systemic considerations to the content of Article 31(3)(c) are. Within these parameters two issues arise: i) The principles of conflict resolution, which the thesis proves can be applied, in certain scenarios, in the interpretative process of Article 31(3)(c) and ii) more importantly the notion of interpretation of customary law. The relevant Chapter establishes that customary international law can be the object of interpretation and in such an interpretation Article 31(3)(c), as custom, plays a pivotal role. Through this approach, both from a textual and a systemic perspective, the thesis offers a new and complete understanding of Article 31(3)(c) in all its manifestations and spheres of application.
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Onyeani, Onyema Awa. "The obligation of host states to accord the standard of 'full protection and security' to foreign investments under international investment law." Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16087.

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The analysis of this thesis is to examine whether foreign investors can fully rely on the standard of FPS in BITs for the protection of their investments in the territories of host States which has been mandated to States by international law. This question cannot be answered without giving insights into the content and structure of the origin of FPS standard and adopts a dynamic based-perspective of the interpretation of FPS under VCLT 1969, encompassing the relationship between FPS and CIL. It investigates the tribunals' interpretation of the clause using case laws and literatures to identify and explore the underlying explanatory process behind tribunals' case findings and outcomes. The study examines the critical realism that the obligation of FPS standard does not place absolute liability to a host State, rather the exercise of a reasonable degree of vigilance. It evaluates the controversy surrounding the relationships between FPS and FET, and illuminates on how the two standards may co-evolve which has led to various arbitral tribunals' divergence opinions interpretation of the two principles. The evaluation of the application of FPS to digital assets is dynamic in this research as it addresses the nature of threats investors face globally today over cyber attacks of digital investments. The thesis also emphasis on balancing up investors' rights and obligation, which explains the measures that States can apply to prevent foreign investors from engaging in illegitimate activities. Having look at all these issues, circumstances, and the controversies surrounding FPS standard, the result found is that there is a existence of a gap in this area of the law, that would mean that foreign investors cannot completely rely on the principle of FPS for the protection of their investments in the territories of the host unless this lacunae is properly filled by both the States and arbitral tribunals, especially the tribunals' interpretative meaning of the standard of FPS.
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Fiala, Václav. "Klasifikace typu vozidel (VCL)." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-240922.

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This thesis deals with recognition of vehicles with image captured by one camera. The image is always taken as a front view of a vehicle passing one specific place in case of various lighting conditions. The aim is to implement classification method with regard to robustness, reliability and computional complexity. The method is implemented in Mircosoft Visual Studio 2013 using the OpenCV library.
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Banfield, Stephen Banking &amp Finance Australian School of Business UNSW. "The VCLP concessions as a tool of capital market design." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Banking and Finance, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/32236.

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Since the early stages of the Hawke government, Australia???s taxation system has been modified with a view to attracting additional capital into the domestic venture capital market. In December 2002, the Howard government enacted the Taxation Laws Amendment (Venture Capital) Act 2002 (Cth) and the Venture Capital Act 2002 (Cth). This legislative package created a prospective concession primarily aimed at qualifying limited partnerships who participate in the Australian venture capital market. Subject to a rather stringent qualification criteria, such partnerships are treated as fiscally transparent for the purposes of Australian taxation law. In addition, the gains made upon the disposal of portfolio investments by these partnerships may not be subject to Australian capital gains tax ("CGT") or otherwise assessable as ordinary income. The central concept of these measures is the venture capital limited partnership ("VCLP"), and other fund of fund organisational forms which are founded on the limited partnership. For this reason, the provisions of the Taxation Laws Amendment (Venture Capital) Act 2002 (Cth) and the Venture Capital Act 2002 (Cth) are collectively identified as the "VCLP Concessions". This thesis has been prepared as a rigorous assessment of the VCLP Concessions. It draws upon an analysis of the nature and structure of venture capital investing to determine whether the particular features of the VCLP Concessions appropriately cater for the needs of prospective foreign investors. The efficacy and appropriateness of the VCLP Concessions from a policy perspective is also examined. Recommendations are provided which, if enacted, would address regions of structural inconsistency and improve the functioning of this concessional regime.
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Larrinaga, Felix. "Efficient VCT-based strategies for mobile communication networks." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285984.

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Haufe, Kati, Sylvie Meyer, Corina Jödicke, Jana Riedel, Eric Schoop, Bärbel Fürstenau, and Ralph Sonntag. "VCL-Transfer – Ein Projekt zum Erfahrungstransfer von virtuellen Gruppenlernprojekten." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-143286.

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Haufe, Kati, Sylvie Meyer, Corina Jödicke, Jana Riedel, Eric Schoop, Bärbel Fürstenau, and Ralph Sonntag. "VCL-Transfer – Ein Projekt zum Erfahrungstransfer von virtuellen Gruppenlernprojekten." Technische Universität Dresden, 2010. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27005.

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Tsatsos, Aristidis. "Die Rechtsprechung der ICSID-Schiedsgerichte." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Juristische Fakultät, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15737.

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Die Beilegung von Investitionsstreitigkeit erfolgt innerhalb des ICSID-Systems durch die nicht ständigen und für jeden Fall neu gebildeten ICSID-Schiedsgerichte. Mit Institutionen zur Sicherung der homogenen Entwicklung der Rechtsprechung wie die EG-Generalanwälte, die EG-Vorabentscheidung, das WTO-„Appellate Body“ oder die einem Berufungsverfahren gleichstehende Verweisung an die Große Kammer des EMRGH ist allerdings das ICSID-System nicht ausgestattet. Vielmehr ist die Möglichkeit einer Berufung innerhalb des ICSID-Systems ausdrücklich ausgeschlossen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Homogenität der ICSID-Rechtsprechung geprüft, um festzustellen, ob die Rechtsprechung der für jeden Fall neu gebildeten ICSID-Schiedsgerichte derartige Dissonanzen aufweist, die das ICSID-System reformbedürftig machen. Die Prüfung der Homogenität der ICSID-Rechtsprechung bezieht sich auf die Auslegung von gleichen bzw. ähnlichen Bestimmungen völkerrechtlicher Investitionsschutzabkommen sowie des ICSID-Übereinkommens selbst durch die ICSID-Schiedsgerichte und betrifft im einzelnen die folgenden Themen: (a) Definition des Begriffs „Investition“ im Sinne des ICSID-Übereinkommens. (b) Ausdehnung der Reichweite der Meistbegünstigungsklausel auf Verfahrensvorschriften. (c) Zuständigkeit der ICSID-Schiedsgerichte für reine Verletzungen von Investitionsverträgen mittels weiter Streitbeilegungsvorschriften und Regenschirmklauseln. (d) Standard der Enteignungsentschädigung und Unterscheidung zwischen indirekter Enteignung und staatlicher Regulierung. (e) Völkervertraglicher und völkergewohnheitsrechtlicher Notstand. Die Untersuchung kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass die ICSID-Rechtsprechung an Heterogenität leidet. Dementsprechend bildet der Mangel an Mechanismen zur Sicherung der Homogenität der ICSID-Rechtsprechung ein schwerwiegendes institutionelles Defizit. Es ist daher dringend, dass das ICSID-System unmittelbar reformiert wird, vorzugsweise durch die Schaffung einer ICSID-Berufungsinstanz.
The settlement of investment disputes within the ICSID system is carried out by the ICSID arbitral tribunals which are non-permanent judicial bodies. Every separate case is adjudicated by a different tribunal. The ICSID system, however, does not provide for any institutions similar to the EC Advocate Generals, the EC preliminary rulings, the WTO Appellate Body or to the appeal-like process of the referral to the Grand Chamber of the ECHR capable of securing the homogenous development of the case-law. Moreover, the possibility of appeal of an arbitral award is explicitly excluded within the ICSID system. The present thesis examines the homogeneity of the ICSID jurisprudence in order to ascertain whether the case-law of the separate and not standing ICSID panels proves to be so inconsistent that the ICSID system is in need of reform. The study of the homogeneity of the ICSID jurisprudence concerns the interpretation of identical and similar provisions laid down in international investment treaties as well as of the ICSID Convention itself by the ICSID panels. In particular, it deals with the following topics: (a) Definition of the term “investment” pursuant to the ICSID Convention. (b) Extension of the scope of application of the most-favoured-nation clause to procedural provisions. (c) Jurisdiction of ICSID tribunals over mere violations of an investment contract through broad dispute settlement clauses and umbrella clauses. (d) Standard of compensation for expropriation and distinction between indirect expropriation and state regulation. (e) State of necessity under customary and investment treaty law. This study comes to the conclusion that the ICSID jurisprudence suffers from heterogeneity. Thus, the lack of mechanisms able to secure the consistency of the ICSID case-law constitutes a serious institutional deficit. It is, therefore, urgent to reform the ICSID system immediately, preferably by way of establishing an ICSID appellate authority.
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Eder, Franziska. "VCL enhanced: Die sozialwissenschaftliche Dimension des Gruppenlernens im Virtual Classroom." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-141305.

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Im Rahmen des Bologna-Prozesses wird verstärkt auf Gruppenlernen und Virtualisierung gesetzt. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist eine Aussage über die Effektivität von Gruppenlernen im Virtual Classroom (VC) aus sozialwissenschaftlich-theoretischer Perspektive zu treffen.
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Eder, Franziska. "VCL enhanced: Die sozialwissenschaftliche Dimension des Gruppenlernens im Virtual Classroom." Technische Universität Dresden, 2008. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27947.

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Im Rahmen des Bologna-Prozesses wird verstärkt auf Gruppenlernen und Virtualisierung gesetzt. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist eine Aussage über die Effektivität von Gruppenlernen im Virtual Classroom (VC) aus sozialwissenschaftlich-theoretischer Perspektive zu treffen.
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Books on the topic "VCLT"

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Merkouris, Panos. Article 31(3)(c) VCLT and the principle of systemic integration: Normative shadows in Plato's Cave. Leiden: Brill Nijhoff, 2015.

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Pizer, Jason. Pizer's annotated VCAT Act. Pyrmont, N.S.W: Lawbook Co., 2001.

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Tarlow, David M. VCAT: Veterinary college admission test. St. Louis, Mo: Educational Testing Consultants, 2002.

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Hansen, Dennis A. Solubility of anhydrous AlCl nd VCl. Pittsburgh, Pa: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1986.

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Yoder, P. Stanley. Voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for HIV in Malawi: Public perspectives and recent VCT experiences. Calverton, Md: ORC Macro, 2004.

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Hansen, Dennis A. Solubility of AlCl₃ in TiCl₄ and VCl₄. [Pittsburgh, Pa.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1986.

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Nsabagasani, Xavier. Social dynamics of VCT and disclosure in Uganda. Kampala, Uganda: UPHOLD Project, 2006.

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Nsabagasani, Xavier. Social dynamics of VCT and disclosure in Uganda. Kampala: USAID, 2006.

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Traut, D. E. Coreduction of TiCl₄, AlCl₃, and VCl₄ to produce titanium alloy sponge. Pittsburgh Pa: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1987.

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Venture capital tax reliefs: The VCT scheme, the EIS and the CVS. 2nd ed. Haywards Heath: Bloomsbury Professional, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "VCLT"

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Berner, Katharina. "Subsequent Agreements and Subsequent Practice in Context: The 1969 VCLT." In Subsequent Agreements and Subsequent Practice in Domestic Courts, 65–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54937-7_3.

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Lin, Chi, Kun Liu, Bo Xu, Jing Deng, Chang Wu Yu, and Guowei Wu. "VCLT: An Accurate Trajectory Tracking Attack Based on Crowdsourcing in VANETs." In Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, 297–310. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27137-8_23.

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Berner, Katharina. "Subsequent Agreements and Subsequent Practice under Articles 31 and 32 VCLT." In Subsequent Agreements and Subsequent Practice in Domestic Courts, 99–138. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54937-7_4.

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Djeffal, Christian. "How Post-Positivism Sheds Light on Treaty Interpretation: Celebrating the VCLT Rule of Interpretation." In Legal Positivism in a Global and Transnational Age, 277–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24705-8_10.

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Merkouris, Panos. "(Inter)Temporal Considerations in the Interpretative Process of the VCLT: Do Treaties Endure, Perdure or Exdure?" In Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, 121–56. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-060-2_6.

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Lo, Chang-fa. "Meaning of Codification and VCLT as the First Round of Codification of Customary Rules of Treaty Interpretation." In Treaty Interpretation Under the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 31–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6866-9_3.

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Heidema, Christy, and Kris A. DeMali. "Vinculin (VCL)." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 5927–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67199-4_101953.

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Heidema, Christy, and Kris A. DeMali. "Vinculin (VCL)." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 1–4. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6438-9_101953-1.

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Kaiser, Richard. "Die Bibliothek der visuellen Komponenten (VCL)." In C++ mit dem Borland C++Builder, 879–933. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06194-7_9.

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Lee, Tzung-Je, and Wei-Ren Lin. "VCT Protection IC for Li-Ion Battery." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 649–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04573-3_81.

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Conference papers on the topic "VCLT"

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Dallazem, Dalton Luiz. "What Rules, if not Customary International Law – Articles 31-32 of the VCLT – Are the U.S. Courts Relying upon while Applying and Interpreting Tax Treaty Provisions?" In Proceedings of the 10th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (RAIS 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/rais-18.2018.20.

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Zhou, Qiao, Zhao Yin, Chun-qing Tan, Qing Gao, and Yong-sheng Tian. "Modeling and Performance Analysis of a Dual-Shaft Counter-Rotating Gas Turbine." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86146.

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This paper proposes a modeling method for the 1+1/2 vaneless counter rotating turbine (VCRT) and carries out performance analysis of a micro gas turbine (MGT) with VCRT at off design conditions. The first task of this paper is to obtain performance characteristics maps and develop a characteristics modeling method of VCRT. The VCRT characteristics maps are obtained through 3-D CFD calculation. High pressure turbine (HPT) corrected rotational speed, shaft rotating speed ratio defined as the high pressure (HP) shaft rotational speed divided by low pressure (LP) shaft rotational speed, and the VCRT total expansion pressure ratio are selected to model a 3-D low pressure turbine (LPT) characteristics maps. However, the HPT characteristics map modeling method remains the same as the conventional one. An overall performance simulation model is established in Matlab/Simulink and validated by software GasTurb. The VCRT engine consumes fuel at a higher rate when delivering same power compared with the conventional gas turbine due to LPT performance degradation. When the relative LP shaft speed ranges from 100% to 96%, the performance of the VCRT engine and conventional engine is almost equivalent. As the LP shaft speed continues to drop off, however, the VCRT engine performance degrades considerably. The results indicate that it is crucial to design VCRT with a wide range of efficiency, especially the LPT. The VCRT engine control law also must be effectively optimized to ensure the engine performs well at part load working conditions.
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Ji, L. C. "Numerical Investigations About the Vaneless Counter-Rotating Turbine for Cold-Air Test." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53333.

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Vaneless Counter-Rotating Turbine (VCRT) is taken as an important component technique to greatly improve the performance of aircraft engine. However design problems involved in a practicable VCRT is far from being resolved. Based on previous studies, the design process of a VCRT for cold-air test is presented. The design target is for practical use. The design is based on iterations between airfoil blading and numerical analysis of 3D steady viscous flow. Results indicate the performance of VCRT might be proper for practical use. To investigate the control problem in engines that use this type of VCRT, variable vane is tested numerically. Off-design operations are also simulated. The engine with the VCRT shows severe control problems. Variable vane and changing exhaust nozzle area may be two selectable ways.
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Ji, Lucheng. "Analysis of Technical Challenges in Vaneless Counter-Rotating Turbomachinery." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27617.

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Research and development of vaneless counter-rotating turbomachinery (VCRT) is briefly reviewed. Then basic technical challenges on inflow angle and off-design operation are analyzed regardless of extrinsic differences among any kinds of VCRT (either compressor or turbine or lift fan, either highly or moderately loaded). A somewhat new approach based on velocity triangle analysis played the most important role in obtaining useful results. It is shown that the range of relative inflow angle of the second rotor is narrowed by counter-rotation. And as compared with conventional turbomachinery, varying back-pressure and varying rotation speed off-design operation of VCRT are more complicated. For some rotation speed ratios and flow coefficients, VCRT leads to better operation of varying back pressure type than conventional one, whereas some not. In varying rotation speed operation, VCRT needs variable rotor to get a comparable performance. Counter-measures to overcome these challenges are also given. These analyses will be directly used to judge the applicability of VCRT and determine basic rules and ranges in selecting design parameters of VCRT.
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Dorey, R. E., R. H. Thring, D. P. Clarke, P. J. Hopwood, A. J. Marshall, and J. D. Mclaggan. "Vehicle Calibration on the TestBed (VCOT)." In SAE 2000 World Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-1144.

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Mahmood, A., Z. A. Uzmi, and S. Khan. "Video Coding With Linear Compensation (VCLC)." In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Communications. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icc.2007.1030.

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Ekekon, Osman Kubilay, Samed Maltabas, Martin Margala, and Ugur Cilingiroglu. "Power minimization methodology for VCTL topologies." In 2010 IEEE International SOC Conference (SOCC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/socc.2010.5784688.

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Zhao, Zhikun, Fan Zhang, Quansheng Wu, and Yuan Zhang. "A VC'T Discovery Algorithm of Renju." In 2021 4th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Big Data (ICAIBD). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaibd51990.2021.9459002.

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Nathan, Arjun, Monty Fricker, Aqua Asif, Maria Georgi, Sonam Patel, Man Kien Hang, Amil Sinha, et al. "Virtual interactive surgical skills classroom (VIRTUAL): a parallel-designed, non-inferiority, adjudicator-blinded, randomised controlled trial." In VIRTUAL ACADEMIC SURGERY CONFERENCE 2021. Cambridge Medicine Journal, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7244/cmj.2021.04.001.8.

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Introduction Virtual classroom training (VCT) is a novel educational method that permits accessible, distanced interactive expert instruction. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of VCT in comparison to face-to-face training (FFT) and non-interactive computer-based learning (CBL) for basic surgical skills training. Methods 72 participants recruited from five London medical schools underwent stratified block randomisation into three equal intervention groups based on subjective and objective suturing experience. VCT was delivered via the BARCO weConnect platform and FFT was provided by expert instructors. Optimal student-to-teacher ratio was used, 12:1 for VCT and 4:1 for FFT. The assessed task was interrupted suturing with hand-tied knots. The primary outcome was post-intervention Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) score, adjudicated by two blinded experts and adjusted for baseline proficiency. Results VCT was non-inferior to FFT (adjusted difference 0.44, 95% CI: -0.54 to 1.75, delta 0.675), VCT was superior to CBL (adjusted difference 1.69, 95% CI 0.41 to 2.96) and FFT was superior to CBL (adjusted difference 1.25, 95% CI 0.20 to 2.29). FFT alone was associated with student travel expenses (mean £4.88, SD 3.70). Instructor hours used per student for VCT and FFT were 0.25 and 0.75, respectively. Conclusion VCT has a similar educational benefit to FFT and is a suitable modality of high-quality surgical skills education. VCT provides greater accessibility and resource efficiency compared to FFT. VCT satisfies the requirement for social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic and is better than non- interactive CBL. VCT has the potential to improve global availability and accessibility of surgical skills training.
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Wang, Huishe, Qingjun Zhao, Xiaolu Zhao, and Jianzhong Xu. "Unsteady Numerical Simulation of Shock Systems in Vaneless Counter-Rotating Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68212.

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A detailed unsteady numerical simulation has been carried out to investigate the shock systems in the high pressure (HP) turbine rotor and unsteady shock-wake interaction between coupled blade rows in a 1+1/2 counter-rotating turbine (VCRT). For the VCRT HP rotor, due to the convergent-divergent nozzle design, along almost all the span, fishtail shock systems appear after the trailing edge, where the pitch averaged relative Mach number is exceeding the value of 1.4 and up to 1.5 approximately (except the both endwalls). A group of pressure waves create from the suction surface after about 60% axial chord in the VCRT HP rotor, and those waves interact with the inner-extending shock (IES). IES first impinges on the next HP rotor suction surface and its echo wave is strong enough and cannot be neglected, then the echo wave interacts with the HP rotor wake. Strongly influenced by the HP rotor wake and LP rotor, the HP rotor outer-extending shock (OES) varies periodically when moving from one LP rotor leading edge to the next. In VCRT, the relative Mach numbers in front of IES and OES are not equal, and in front of IES, the maximum relative Mach number is more than 2.0, but in front of OES, the maximum relative Mach number is less than 1.9. Moreover, behind IES and OES, the flow is supersonic. Though the shocks are intensified in VCRT, the loss resulted in by the shocks is acceptable, and the HP rotor using convergent-divergent nozzle design can obtain major benefits.
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Reports on the topic "VCLT"

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Cleland, Timothy J., David W. Forslund, and Catherine A. Cleland. VCAT: Visual Crosswalk Analysis Tool. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1050471.

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Ogle, James P., Md Touhiduzzaman, Quan H. Nguyen, and Priya Thekkumparambath Mana. CReST-VCT System Integration Framework. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1601662.

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Ogle, James P., Md Touhiduzzaman, and Priya Thekkumparambath Mana. Assessment of CReST-VCT Deployment in Real-Time Environments : Communication System Examination. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1592714.

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Ochieng, Ben, and Annabel Erulkar. Highlighting marital HIV risk and promoting premarital VCT in Nyanza Province, Kenya. Population Council, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh4.1105.

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McCauley, Ann P. Equitable access to HIV counseling and testing for youth in developing countries: A review of current practice. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv15.1008.

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While many people get HIV-related counseling and testing, only those who receive pre- and post-test counseling, and test voluntarily, are participating in voluntary counseling and testing (VCT). The high rates of HIV infection among youth make it crucial to find programs to prevent infection. Because there is evidence that many adults benefit from VCT, there is increasing interest in extending these services to young people. VCT counseling helps adolescents evaluate their own behavior and its consequences. A negative test result offers the opportunity to recognize vulnerabilities and develop risk-reduction plans to adopt safe behaviors. Young people who test HIV-positive can receive referrals for care and have opportunities to discuss and understand what their HIV status means and what responsibilities they have to themselves and others as a result. Young women who are pregnant and test HIV-positive should be offered special care to safeguard their own health and minimize the risk of passing the virus to the baby. This report assesses the available evidence about the current status of VCT and youth in developing countries.
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Caviglia, D., R. Rabbat, and H. van. Operating Virtual Concatenation (VCAT) and the Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) with Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS). Edited by G. Bernstein. RFC Editor, August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc6344.

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Mackenzie, Caroline, Karusa Kiragu, George Odingo, Rukia Yassin, Peter Shikuku, Patrick Angala, Nduku Kilonzo, William Sinkele, and Melania Akinyi. Is it feasible to integrate alcohol-related risk reduction counseling into VCT services? Findings from Kenya. Population Council, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv2.1006.

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Attracting youth to voluntary counseling and testing services in Uganda. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv15.1009.

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Little is known about the use of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) by youth, a group that comprises more than half of those newly infected with HIV. An exploratory study conducted in Nairobi, Kenya, and Kampala and Masaka in Uganda revealed that young people want information, confidentiality, low-cost HIV testing, and friendly, professional counseling. Two facilities in Kampala, the AIDS Information Center (AIC) and Naguru Teenage Information and Health Center (NTIHC), implemented new youth-oriented strategies to increase VCT utilization and satisfaction with services among young people. In 2001, AIC established a youth corner behind the regular adult clinic with a separate gate so youth could enter in privacy. In 2002, NTIHC began offering VCT two days per week. This brief presents findings from exit interviews conducted with youth 14–21 years old leaving services at AIC and NTIHC. It also draws on in-depth interviews with exit interview participants and on focus groups conducted with tested and untested youth.
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