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Kumar, Shaji, Ian Flinn, Paul G. Richardson, Parameswaran Hari, Natalie Callander, Stephen J. Noga, A. Keith Stewart, et al. "Randomized, multicenter, phase 2 study (EVOLUTION) of combinations of bortezomib, dexamethasone, cyclophosphamide, and lenalidomide in previously untreated multiple myeloma." Blood 119, no. 19 (May 10, 2012): 4375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-11-395749.
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Abstract Combinations of bortezomib (V) and dexamethasone (D) with either lenalidomide (R) or cyclophosphamide (C) have shown significant efficacy. This randomized phase 2 trial evaluated VDC, VDR, and VDCR in previously untreated multiple myeloma (MM). Patients received V 1.3 mg/m2 (days 1, 4, 8, 11) and D 40 mg (days 1, 8, 15), with either C 500 mg/m2 (days 1, 8) and R 15 mg (days 1-14; VDCR), R 25 mg (days 1-14; VDR), C 500 mg/m2 (days 1, 8; VDC) or C 500 mg/m2 (days 1, 8, 15; VDC-mod) in 3-week cycles (maximum 8 cycles), followed by maintenance with V 1.3 mg/m2 (days 1, 8, 15, 22) for four 6-week cycles (all arms) ≥ very good partial response was seen in 58%, 51%, 41%, and 53% (complete response rate of 25%, 24%, 22%, and 47%) of patients (VDCR, VDR, VCD, and VCD-mod, respectively); the corresponding 1-year progression-free survival was 86%, 83%, 93%, and 100%, respectively. Common adverse events included hematologic toxicities, peripheral neuropathy, fatigue, and gastrointestinal disturbances. All regimens were highly active and well tolerated in previously untreated MM, and, based on this trial, VDR and VCD-mod are preferred for clinical practice and further comparative testing. No substantial advantage was noted with VDCR over the 3-drug combinations. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00507442).
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Thompson, J. C., and D. B. Durocher. "Vdc takes on vac." IEEE Industry Applications Magazine 9, no. 3 (May 2003): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mia.2003.1195684.
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Kumar, Shaji, Ian W. Flinn, Paul G. Richardson, Parameswaran Hari, Natalie Scott Callander, Stephen J. Noga, A. Keith Stewart, et al. "Novel Three- and Four-Drug Combination Regimens of Bortezomib, Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide, and Lenalidomide, for Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma: Results From the Multi-Center, Randomized, Phase 2 EVOLUTION Study." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.621.621.
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Abstract Abstract 621 Background: Two- and three-drug regimens incorporating bortezomib (Velcade®, V), lenalidomide (Revlimid®, R), dexamethasone (D), or cyclophosphamide (C) have been shown to be effective and well tolerated in previously untreated multiple myeloma (MM). Combining all four drugs in a single regimen (VDCR) may further enhance efficacy. Published results from the phase 1 dose-escalation portion of the non-comparative, multi-center EVOLUTION study showed that the VDCR regimen was highly active and generally well tolerated (Kumar et al Leukemia 2010). Here we present updated results from the phase 2 portion of the trial, focusing on efficacy and safety of the VDCR, VDR, and VDC regimens. Methods: Previously untreated patients with measurable disease were randomized to one of four treatment groups receiving up to eight 21-d cycles of VDCR (V 1.3 mg/m2 d 1, 4, 8, 11; D 40 mg d 1, 8, 15; R 15 mg d 1–14; C 500 mg/m2 d 1, 8), VDR (VD as in VDCR but with R 25 mg d 1–14), VDC (VDC as in VDCR), or VDC-mod (as for VDC but with an additional dose of C on d 15) as induction therapy, followed by four 42-d maintenance cycles of V 1.3 mg/m2 (d 1, 8, 15, 22) (all treatment arms). Patients eligible for autologous stem cell transplant (SCT) could undergo stem cell mobilization any time after cycle 2 and SCT any time after cycle 4. The primary endpoint was the combined complete response (CR) + very good partial response (VGPR) rate; secondary endpoints included safety/tolerability, time to response, duration of response, progression-free survival, and rate of minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity. Responses were assessed according to International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) uniform criteria using an automated computer algorithm. Adverse events (AEs) were graded using the CTCAE v3.0. Results: Patient characteristics were similar among the groups with respect to age, performance status, ISS stage, and proportion of patients with high-risk cytogenetic features. Patients received a median of 5, 6, 6, and 6 treatment cycles in the VDCR, VDR, VDC, and VDC-mod arms, respectively; 65%, 60%, 52%, and 47% of patients had dose reductions of any drug. In the VDCR, VDR, VDC, and VDC-mod arms, respectively, 52%, 62%, 58%, and 65% of patients completed treatment; 31%, 43%, 24%, and 41%, respectively, underwent SCT. In the phase 2 response-evaluable patients (n=132), all treatment regimens showed substantial efficacy, with CR+VGPR rates of 59% (VDCR), 50% (VDR), 41% (VDC), and 59% (VDC-mod) (Table) (includes pre-transplant responses only in SCT patients). Of MRD-assessed patients, 46% (21/46) of those who achieved CR (including sCR) or nCR were MRD-negative; 48% (10/21), 75% (9/12), 0% (0/7) and 33% (2/6) in the VDCR, VDR, VDC and VDC-mod arms, respectively. Median time to first response was similar across arms (range 1.6–1.8 months); median time to best response of CR+VGPR was 4.0 months (VDCR), 3.4 months (VDR), 5.1 months (VDC), and 3.1 months (VDC-mod). Median duration of response has not been reached in any arm to date. All treatment regimens were generally well tolerated. In the VDCR, VDR, VDC, and VDC-mod arms, at least one grade ≥3 AE was observed in 81%, 76%, 79%, and 88% of enrolled patients, respectively; serious AEs were experienced by 42%, 40%, 21%, and 41% of patients, and AEs resulting in study discontinuation were reported for 19%, 17%, 12%, and 6% of patients. The five most common all-grade AEs across all treatment groups were fatigue (range 47–67%), nausea (36–67%), constipation (40–62%), diarrhea NOS (42–65%), and neutropenia (19–52%). The incidence of grade ≥3 (grade ≥2) peripheral neuropathy (PN) was 13% (40%) in the VDCR arm, 14% (45%) VDR, 9% (48%) VDC, and 18% (41%) VDC-mod; there was no grade 4 PN. Rates of grade ≥3 neutropenia/thrombocytopenia were 42%/10% for VDCR, 7%/7% VDR, 36%/12% VDC, and 65%/18% VDC-mod. Conclusions: All regimens appear highly active and generally well tolerated in previously untreated MM patients. The four-drug combination did not result in a substantial increase in response rate and was associated with a modest increase in the incidence of hematologic toxicities. Continuous weekly C in the VDC regimen was associated with high response rates and rapid responses, comparable to the VDR and VDCR arms. Outcome data will be presented following longer follow-up. Disclosures: Kumar: Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Millennium: Consultancy, Research Funding; Merck: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Genzyme: Consultancy, Research Funding; Cephalon: Research Funding; Bayer: Research Funding. Off Label Use: Lenalidomide for treatment of newly diagnosed myeloma. Flinn:Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Research Funding. Richardson:Celgene, Millennium, Novartis, Johnson & Johnson: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Hari:Celgene: Research Funding. Callander:Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Research Funding. Noga:Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Millennium: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Ortho-Centicor: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Cephalon: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Stewart:Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene: Honoraria. Rifkin:Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Speakers Bureau; Cephalon: Speakers Bureau; Dendreon: Speakers Bureau. Wolf:Millennium Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Genentech and Multiple Myeloma Research: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; OrthoBiotech: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Estevam:Millennium Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Mulligan:Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. Shi:Millennium Pharmaceuticals: Employment. Webb:Millennium Pharmaceuticals: Employment.
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De Bernardis, Flavia, Roberta Lucciarini, Maria Boccanera, Consuelo Amantini, Silvia Arancia, Stefania Morrone, Michela Mosca, Antonio Cassone, and Giorgio Santoni. "Phenotypic and Functional Characterization of Vaginal Dendritic Cells in a Rat Model of Candida albicans Vaginitis." Infection and Immunity 74, no. 7 (July 2006): 4282–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01714-05.
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ABSTRACT This study analyzes the phenotype of vaginal dendritic cells (VDCs), their antigenic presentation and activation of T-cell cytokine secretion, and their protective role in a rat model of Candida vaginitis. Histological observation demonstrated a significant accumulation of OX62+ VDCs in the mucosal epithelium of Candida albicans-infected rats at the third round of infection. We identified two subsets of OX62+ VDCs differing in the expression of CD4 molecule in both noninfected and Candida-infected rats. The OX62+ CD4+ subset of VDCs displayed a lymphoid cell-like morphology and expressed the T-cell antigen CD5, whereas the OX62+ CD4− VDC subset exhibited a myeloid morphology and was CD5 negative. Candida infection resulted in VDC maturation with enhanced expression of CD80 and CD134L on both CD4+ and CD4− VDC subsets at 2 and 6 weeks after Candida infection. CD5− CD4− CD86− CD80− CD134L+ VDCs from infected, but not noninfected, rats spontaneously released large amounts of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and tumor necrosis factor alpha, whereas all VDC subsets released comparable levels of IL-10 and IL-2 cytokines. Furthermore, OX62+ VDCs from infected rats primed naïve CD4+ T-cell proliferation and release of cytokines, including gamma interferon, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10, in response to staphylococcal enterotoxin B stimulation in vitro. Adoptive transfer of highly purified OX62+ VDCs from infected rats induced a significant acceleration of fungal clearance compared with that in rats receiving naive VDCs, suggesting a protective role of VDCs in the anti-Candida mucosal immunity. Finally, VDC-mediated protection was associated with their ability to rapidly migrate to the vaginal mucosa and lymph nodes, as assessed by adoptive transfer of OX62+ VDCs labeled with 5 (and 6-)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester.
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Kumar, Shaji, Ian W. Flinn, Parameswaran N. Hari, Natalie Callander, Stephen J. Noga, A. Keith Stewart, Jonathan Glass, et al. "Novel Three– and Four–Drug Combinations of Bortezomib, Dexamethasone, Cyclophosphamide, and Lenalidomide, for Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: Encouraging Results From the Multi-Center, Randomized, Phase 2 EVOLUTION Study." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.127.127.
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Abstract Abstract 127 Two- and three-drug regimens incorporating bortezomib (Velcade®, Vc), lenalidomide (Revlimid®, Rev), dexamethasone (Dex), and cyclophosphamide (Cy) (Vc–Dex, Rev–Dex, Vc–Dex–Rev [VDR], and Vc–Dex–Cy [VDC]), have been shown to be effective and well tolerated in previously untreated multiple myeloma (MM). Combining Vc and Dex with Rev and Cy in a novel four-drug regimen (VDCR) may result in even greater activity with improved quality and duration of response. Results from the phase 1 dose-escalation portion of the multi-center EVOLUTION study showed that the VDCR regimen is a highly active and generally well-tolerated induction therapy in previously untreated MM patients (pts). Here we report the efficacy and safety of VDR, VDC, and VDCR from the non-comparative phase 2 portion of the study. Methods: Pts were randomized to receive up to eight 21-d cycles of VDR (Vc 1.3 mg/m2 d 1, 4, 8, 11; Dex 40 mg d 1, 8, 15; Rev 25 mg d 1–14) or VDC (VD as in VDR, plus Cy 500 mg/m2 d 1, 8) or VDCR (VDC plus Rev 15 mg d 1–14) as induction therapy, followed by Vc 1.3 mg/m2 (d 1, 8, 15, 22) for four 42-d maintenance cycles in all treatment arms. Pts received prophylactic antibiotics, acyclovir, transfusion support, and anticoagulants as required. Eligible pts wishing to undergo autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) could undergo stem cell mobilization any time after cycle 2, and undergo ASCT any time after cycle 4. Response categories were based on the IMWG Criteria with the addition of near complete response (nCR). Adverse events (AEs) were graded using the CTCAE v3.0. Results: In the VDR, VDC, and VDCR arms 42, 32, and 43 pts (including 6 pts treated at the maximum planned dose of Cy (500 mg/m2) from phase 1) have been treated, and 42, 31, and 33 are evaluable for response, respectively, as of data cut-off (31 July 2009). Median ages in the VDR, VDC, and VDCR arms were 60, 62, and 62 years, respectively; 62%, 63%, and 66% had International Staging System stage lI/III disease, and 38%, 25%, and 33% had Karnofsky Performance Status ≤80%, respectively. The median number of VDR, VDC, and VDCR cycles received is 4.5, 6, and 4, respectively (range 1–12). Best unconfirmed response rates are shown in the Table; patients categorized as very good partial response (VGPR) include those who have no measurable M-protein but have not yet had bone marrow assessments to confirm CR/nCR status. The overall rates of treatment-emergent AEs were 95%, 97%, and 88% for the VDR, VDC, and VDCR arms, respectively, with ≥grade 3 reported in 67%, 59%, and 65%. Peripheral neuropathy (PN) was reported as grade 2/3 in 12%/12% in the VDR, 31%/3% in the VDC, and 12%/9% in the VDCR arms; there was no grade 4 PN reported. Grade 3/4 neutropenia was reported in 5%/5%, 28%/13%, and 23%/9% of pts in the VDR, VDC, and VDCR arms, and grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia in 5%/2%, 9%/0%, and 5%/0% of pts, respectively. One case of grade 3 deep-vein thrombosis was reported in the VDCR arm. Overall rates of serious AEs were 24%, 13%, and 37% in the VDR, VDC, and VDCR arms, respectively. Two pts have died in the VDCR arm, both due to renal failure, considered possibly treatment-related. To date, 6 pts have undergone ASCT in the VDR arm, 5 in the VDC arm, and 3 in the VDCR arm. Median CD34+ yield was 4.7, 6.3, and 6.8 × 106/kg in the VDR, VDC, and VDCR arms, respectively. Conclusions: VDR, VDC, and VDCR are highly active and generally well-tolerated regimens in previously untreated MM. Response rates in the VDCR arm appeared somewhat higher than in the VDR and VDC arms at this early time point, although there also appeared to be higher rates of serious AEs, including possible treatment-related mortality in the VDCR arm. Following an interim analysis, dosing in the VDC arm was modified to include Cy on day 15 to examine if this will improve CR rates. Ten pts have been enrolled to date. Disclosures: Kumar: CELGENE: Research Funding; MILLENNIUM: Research Funding; BAYER: Research Funding; GENZYME: Research Funding; NOVARTIS: Research Funding. Flinn:Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Hari:Milennium Pharmaceuticals Inc.: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Callander:Millenium: Research Funding. Noga:Millennium Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Stewart:Takeda-Millenium, Celgene, Novartis, Amgen: Consultancy; Takeda, Millenium: Research Funding; Genzyme, Celgene, Millenium, Proteolix: Honoraria. Raje:Celgene: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Research Funding. Rifkin:Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Speakers Bureau; Cephalon: Speakers Bureau. Shi:Millennium Pharmaceutical Inc.: Employment. Webb:Millennium: Employment, Equity Ownership. Richardson:Keryx: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Johnson and Johnson: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau.
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Bhusal, SJ, and RB Thapa. "Comparative Study on the Adoption of Improved Beekeeping Technology for Poverty Alleviation." Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science 26 (April 1, 2005): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jiaas.v26i0.664.
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Adoption of improved beekeeping practices was compared between the mobilized (Pragatinagar VDC) and non-mobilized (Makar VDC) farmers’ groups (n = 14 in each VDC) of Nawalparasi district using semistructured questionnaire survey after introducing improved beekeeping practices during 2002/2003. Majority of the households (82.4%) from mobilized group practiced beekeeping enterprise of which 80.6% followed improved practices with adoption index of 77.44% while from non-mobilized group only 56.0% adopted beekeeping enterprise and 68.4% followed improved beekeeping practices only with the adoption index of 58.73%. Annual honey yield per colony was significantly higher among mobilized farmers’ group (25.6 kg earning NRs 25,657.14) than that of non-mobilized farmers’ group (15.6 kg earning NRs 10,364.29). Women involvement was low in enterprise development and adoption in both VDCs (31.8% and 50.0% in mobilized VDC; and 35.7% and 48.2% in non-mobilized VDC). Therefore, transfer of improved technology to subsistence farmers emphasizing women through social mobilization could help generate income and alleviate poverty.
Key words: Beekeeping, social mobilization, adoption index, gender, income
J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 26:117-125 (2005)
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Albar, Albar, Ifni Joi, and Rozi Helmudyra. "Prototype Pendeteksi Kebocoran Gas LPG Pada Gudang Penyimpanan Gas LPG Berbasis Mikrokontroler." Elektron : Jurnal Ilmiah 9, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/eji.9.2.88.
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Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah membuat sebuah alat yang dapat mendeteksi kebocoran gas LPG pada gudang penyimpanan gas LPG. Alat yang dibuat menggunakan arduino sebagai kontroller dan sensor MQ-2 untuk mendeteksi kebocoran gas LPG. Modul GSM sim800L berfungsi mengirimkan sms kepada operator jika mendeteksi gas LPG di udara. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan sensor mendeteksi adanya gas LPG, tegangan output sensor sebesar 0.95 Vdc.Saat sensor tidak mendeteksi gas LPG tengan output sensor sebesar 0,35 Vdc. Sim800L membutuhkan tegangan Vcc sebesar 5 Vdc untuk dapat berfungsi. Pin TX memiliki tegangan 4,2Vdc untuk mengirimkan SMS dengan kondisi ada bahaya gas dan 4,4 Vdc saat SMS tidak terkirim.
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Wang, Shuo, Zhiqiang Zhou, Hongjie Zhang, and Jing Li. "Nxt-Freedom: Considering VDC-Based Fairness in Enforcing Bandwidth Guarantees in Cloud Datacenter." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (November 6, 2020): 7874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217874.
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In the cloud datacenter, for the multi-tenant model, network resources should be fairly allocated among VDCs (virtual datacenters). Conventionally, the allocation of cloud network resources is on a best-effort basis, so the specific information of network resource allocation is unclear. Previous research has either aimed to provide minimum bandwidth guarantee, or focused on realizing work conservation according to the VM-to-VM (virtual machine to virtual machine) flow policy or per-source policy, or both policies. However, they failed to consider allocating redundant bandwidth among VDCs in a fair way. This paper presents a bandwidth that guarantees enforcement framework NXT-Freedom, and this framework allocates the network resources on the basis of per-VDC fairness, which can achieve work conservation. In order to guarantee per-VDC fair allocation, a hierarchical max–min fairness algorithm is put forward in this paper. In order to ensure that the framework can be applied to non-congestion-free network core and achieve scalability, NXT-Freedom decouples the computation of per-VDC allocation from the execution of allocation, but it brings some CPU overheads resulting from bandwidth enforcement. We observe that there is no need to enforce the non-blocking virtual network. Leveraging this observation, we distinguish the virtual network type of VDC to eliminate part of the CPU overheads. The evaluation results of a prototype prove that NXT-Freedom can achieve the isolation of per-VDC performance, which also shows fast adaption to flow variation in cloud datacenter.
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Pokhrel, Chandra P., Arbindra Timilsina, Rajib Khanal, Kazuo Ando, and Ram Kailash P. Yadav. "Biodiversity in Agroforestry Systems: A Case Study in Homegardens of Gulmi and Palpa Districts, Western Nepal." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 20, no. 1 (November 25, 2015): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v20i1.13915.
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Homegardens are important part of an agroecosystem, which has long been practiced in Nepalese farming systems but poorly studied. This study identified the diversity of plant species of 73 homegardens of Hastichaur Village Development Committee (VDC), Gulmi district and 43 homegardens of Siddheshwor VDC, Palpa district. A total of 110 different plant species were recorded within three layers i.e. top layer (3-15m), middle layer (1-3 m) and ground layer (up to 1m). Species richness in the Hastichaur was higher (90) than Siddheshwor (73) VDC; in contrast species evenness was higher in Siddheshwor than Hastichaur. The bigger sized homegardens (average size was 250 m²) belong to Brahmin and Chhetri and recorded the highest plant species diversity (1.791) and species richness (90). In contrast, smaller sized homegardens (average size was 80 m²) belong to Dalit community and recorded the lowest diversity (1.696) and species richness (60) of the plants. The presence of the vegetable species, Zingiber officinale and Capsicum annuum was highest (95%) in Siddheswor VDC and annuum (85%) was highest in Hastichaur VDC. The presence of medicinal plants was very low in both VDCs. The trend of plant species richness showed was as Brahmin/Chettri > Magar > Kumal > Dalit in Hastichaur and as Brahmin/Chettri > Kumal > Magar > Dalit in Siddheshwor VDCs.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(1): 87-96
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Ma, Xiao, Zhongbao Zhang, and Sen Su. "Energy-Aware Virtual Data Center Migration." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 23, no. 2 (March 20, 2019): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2019.p0209.
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Recently, the concept of virtual data center (VDC) has attracted significant attention from researchers. VDC is made up of virtual nodes and virtual links with guaranteed bandwidth. It offers elasticity and flexibility, which means VDC can adjust resources dynamically according to different requirements. Existing studies focus on how to design the optimal embedding algorithm to achieve high success rate for the virtual data center request. However, due to the resource of physical data center changes over time, the optimal solution may become sub-optimal. In this paper, we study the problem of virtual data center migration and propose an energy-aware virtual data center migration algorithm, called CA-VDCM-ACO. This novel algorithm leverages the migration technique to further reduce the energy consumption with the success rate for the physical data center guaranteed. The extensive experiments show that our algorithm is very effective to reduce the energy consumption.
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Akbar, Wildan Maulana, Era Purwanto, and Indra Ferdiansyah. "Rancang Bangun Ultra Step Up DC to DC Converter Pada Mobil Listrik." INOVTEK - Seri Elektro 2, no. 2 (August 25, 2020): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35314/ise.v2i2.1333.
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Dunia saat ini sedang mengalami kemajuan teknologi yang sangat pesat meliputi segala bidang yang menyangkut segala sisi kehidupan manusia. Salah satu bidang yang disoroti oleh para peneliti di dunia saat ini adalah pengembangan mobil listrik sebagai suatu upaya untuk meminimalisir penggunaan bahan bakar fosil yang semakin sedikit jumlahnya di alam. Mobil listrik digerakkan oleh motor listrik yang mendapatkan energi listrik dari baterai atau aki. Apabila dalam mobil listrik ini menggunakan penggerak berjenis motor induksi tiga fasa, maka baterai harus menyediakan tegangan sebesar 311 Vdc untuk disalurkan ke inverter tiga fasa menjadi 220 Vac yang nantinya digunakan untuk suplai dari motor induksi tiga fasa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk merancang sistem penaik tegangan menggunakan Ultra Step Up Dc to Dc Converter yang mampu menguatkan tegangan yang ada dalam baterai menjadi 311 Vdc yang mampu dibebani hingga 2kW sehingga dapat meminimalisir penambahan baterai untuk menambah tegangan. Konverter ini juga dilengkapi oleh kontrol logika fuzzy sebagai pengatur tegangan pada sisi keluaran agar berada pada kondisi konstan 311 Vdc.
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Vang, Alia, Steven Ian Robinson, and Scott H. Okuno. "Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) in adults: Histologic subtypes and overall survival with actinomycin-based chemotherapy vs doxorubicin-based chemotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): 11073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.11073.
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11073 Background: RMS typically occurs in children. Vincristine, Actinomycin and Cyclophosphamide (VAC) based chemotherapy is the current standard. Limited data exist on the frequency of the histologic subtypes and optimal chemotherapy regimen for the treatment of adult patients with RMS. Methods: We retrospectively identified patients ≥18 years with RMS seen at our institution from 2000-2015. The analysis was performed with JMP statistical software. Results: We identified 73 patients, with a median age of 51 (range 18-85 years). The majority of patients were male (40 of 73) and presented with localized disease (59 of 73). Histologic subtypes were as follows: 32% embryonal (E), 27% alveolar (A), 36% pleomorphic (P), and 6% variants (V) (botryoid and spindle cell/sclerosing). The median overall survival (OS) for patients with localized disease was 16.2 months and metastatic disease 9 months. The median OS for patients with localized disease treated with VAC was 20.3 months (4A, 7E, 3P) and VDC (vincristine doxorubicin cyclophosphamide) was 14.1 months (3A, 3E, 2P). For those with localized disease treated with a VAC/actinomycin-based chemotherapy had a median OS of 19.5 months (4A, 9E, 3P) and with a VDC/doxorubicin-based chemotherapy had a median OS of 15.9 months (8A, 5E, 13P, 2V). Conclusions: Adult patients with RMS have an even distribution among the histologic subtypes. Given the small, unbalanced number of patients in each histologic subtype treated with VAC/actinomycin-based or VDC/Doxorubicin-based regimens, the overall survival benefit favoring the use of VAC/actinomycin-based is hypothesis generating and confirmatory studies are needed to truly determine the optional regimen for adult patients with RMS.
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Srish, Okmaya, Chandra P. Pokhrel, and Ram Kailash P. Yadav. "PLANT DIVERSITY IN HOMEGARDENS AND THEIR USE VALUE IN TWO VILLAGES OF RUPANDEHI DISTRICT, WESTERN NEPAL." Ecoprint: An International Journal of Ecology 18 (December 21, 2013): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v18i0.9415.
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Homegardens play significant role in the livelihood of the rural people. The cultivation of different plants in homegardens for self-sufficiency has a long tradition worldwide, but knowledge about homegardens in Nepal is meager. To analyse this more deeply, cultivated plants of 15 homegardens were surveyed in two Village Development Committees (VDCs) in Tarai of Westren Nepal, viz. Anandavan and Karahiya VDCs. This study mainly focuses on the plant species diversity and their use values. Mostly perennial plants were included in the study. The plant studied in the homegardens included those which are used as fruits, fodder, medicine, nut and others. In Total, 31 plant species were found in the studied homegardens. Species diversity in the home gardens of Anandavan VDC was higher (H’=2.45) than that of Karhiya VDC (H’=2.19). The evenness of species, however, was not different in the homegardens of two VDCs. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v18i0.9415Ecoprint: An International Journal of EcologyVol. 18, 2011 Page: 85-90 Uploaded date: 12/22/2013
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Abdussamad, Syahrir. "Rancang Bangun Inverter Mini 1.5 Vdc to 220 Vac Untuk Lampu Darurat." Jurnal Teknik 18, no. 1 (June 5, 2020): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37031/jt.v18i1.65.
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Used cellphone charger components are used as an alternative to create emergency lights which can later be used by the community when the power source from the grid goes out. The purpose of this study is to utilize the components of a used cellphone charger which is the Joule Thief transformer to create 1.5 Vdc to 220V ac mini inverter. The method used in this study is the experimental method, which starts from the selection of tools and materials to measuring the outputs. The results showed that the design of a 1.5 Vdc to 220 Vac mini inverter with Joule Thief can turn on 220 Vac LED lights without drivers. Tests were carried out on 1 watt driverless 220 Vac LED lights. Experiments were carried out to test the dc source durability in the form of 1.5 Vac battery. From testing for LED lights 1, 2 and 3 it turns out that the current and voltage gradually decreased due to the use of LED lights. The resources quickly ran out when the inverter was used for 3 LED lights. The design of tools can be used as an emergency light when the source of electricity from the grid.
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Al-Rajabi, Maha Mohammad, and Teow Yeit Haan. "Influence of Vertical Diffusion Cell Set-Up on In Vitro Silver Sulfadiazine Drug Release from Thermo-Responsive Cellulose Hydrogel." Materials Science Forum 1030 (May 2021): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1030.19.
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In-vitro drug release is used to measure the release of the silver sulfadiazine (SSD) from thermo-responsive cellulose hydrogel using a vertical diffusion cell (VDC). However, selected VDC set-up used by researchers are random, and the studies are lacking in information on the challenging sink conditions during in-vitro drug release study. The objective of this study is to examine the influence of VDC set-up on the in-vitro SSD drug release from thermo-responsive cellulose hydrogel. VDC set-up including receptor medium composition, membrane type, and stirring speed were studied. The results depicted that SSD release rate increased with increasing ammonia percentage in phosphate buffer solution. On the other hand, membrane type do not influence SSD release rate. While, increasing stirring speed results in forming vortex or air bubble entrapment underneath the membrane. 0.25 v/v% ammonia receptor medium, cellulose membrane or polysulfone membrane, and 600 rpm stirring speed are the optimum VDC set-up, confirming sink condition and discriminating ability of this optimum VDC set-up. This work has successfully studied the influence of VDC set-up on in-vitro SSD drug release from thermo-responsive cellulose hydrogel, and the optimum VDC set-up was selected.
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Yamakage, Michiaki, Xiangdong Chen, Naoki Tsujiguchi, Yasuhiro Kamada, and Akiyoshi Namiki. "Different Inhibitory Effects of Volatile Anesthetics on T- and L-type Voltage-dependent Ca2+Channels in Porcine Tracheal and Bronchial Smooth Muscles." Anesthesiology 94, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 683–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200104000-00024.
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Background The distal airway is more important in the regulation of airflow resistance than is the proximal airway, and volatile anesthetics have a greater inhibitory effect on distal airway muscle tone. The authors investigated the different reactivities of airway smooth muscles to volatile anesthetics by measuring porcine tracheal or bronchial (third to fifth generation) smooth muscle tension and intracellular concentration of free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and by measuring inward Ca2+ currents (ICa) through voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCs). Methods Intracellular concentration of free Ca2+ was monitored by the 500-nm light emission ratio of Ca2+ indicator fura-2. Isometric tension was measured simultaneously. Whole-cell patch clamp recording techniques were used to investigate the effects of volatile anesthetics on ICa in dispersed smooth muscle cells. Isoflurane (0-1.5 minimum alveolar concentration) or sevoflurane (0-1.5 minimum alveolar concentration) was introduced into a bath solution. Results The volatile anesthetics tested had greater inhibitory effects on carbachol-induced bronchial smooth muscle contraction than on tracheal smooth muscle contraction. These inhibitory effects by the anesthetics on muscle tension were parallel to the inhibitory effects on [Ca2+]i. Although tracheal smooth muscle cells had only L-type VDCs, some bronchial smooth muscle cells (approximately 30%) included T-type VDC. Each of the two anesthetics significantly inhibited the activities of both types of VDCs in a dose-dependent manner; however, the anesthetics had greater inhibitory effects on T-type VDC activity in bronchial smooth muscle. Conclusions The existence of the T-type VDC in bronchial smooth muscle and the high sensitivity of this channel to volatile anesthetics seem to be, at least in part, responsible for the different reactivities to the anesthetics in tracheal and bronchial smooth muscles.
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William Christopher, Immanuel, and R. Ramesh. "1-Phase Induction Motor Control Using Modified H-Bridge 11-Level Inverter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 622 (August 2014): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.622.211.
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This paper proposes to develop a model of 1-phase induction motor control using modified H-bridge 11-level inverter. This work notifies a multilevel inverter using a H-bridge output stage with four bidirectional auxiliary switches for an induction motor. The inverter is capable of producing eleven levels of output-voltage levels (+Vdc/5, +2Vdc/5, +3Vdc/5, +4Vdc/5, +Vdc, ‘0’ level, -Vdc/5, -2Vdc/5, -3Vdc/5, -4Vdc/5, -Vdc) from the DC supply. Theoretical predictions of the proposed system are validated using simulation in MATLAB simulink.
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Faqihi, Hachmia, Khalid Benjelloun, Maarouf Saad, Mohammed Benbrahim, and M. Nabil Kabbaj. "New time delay estimation-based virtual decomposition control for n-DoF robot manipulator." IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijra.v10i3.pp192-206.
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<p>One of the most efficient approaches to control a multiple degree-of-freedom robot manipulator is the virtual decomposition control (VDC). However, the use of the re- gressor technique in the conventionnal VDC to estimate the unknown and uncertaities parameters present some limitations. In this paper, a new control strategy of n-DoF robot manipulator, refering to reorganizing the equation of the VDC using the time delay estimation (TDE) have been investigated. In the proposed controller, the VDC equations are rearranged using the TDE for unknown dynamic estimations. Hence, the decoupling dynamic model for the manipulator is established. The stability of the overall system is proved based on Lyapunov theory. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is proved via case study performed on 7-DoF robot manipulator and com- pared to the conventionnal Regressor-based VDC according to some evalution criteria. The results carry out the validity and efficiency of the proposed time delay estimation- based virtual decomposition controller (TD-VDC) approach.</p>
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Fitri, Fitri, Herman Hariyadi, Leonardo Kamajaya, Muhammad Satria Madani, and Salsabila Ayu Amartya. "Rancang bangun modul ajar pembangkit listrik tenaga surya jenis monocrystalline dengan data logger." JURNAL ELTEK 18, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/eltek.v18i2.238.
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Pembuatan modul ajar solar panel dengan data logger grafik PIV kemudian data dapat disimpan pada micro SD. Bertujuan sebagai standart praktikum berkaitan dengan renewable energy di Politeknik Negeri Malang. Sistem kerja modul yaitu solar panel menerima cahaya lampu halogen kemudian akan diterima sebagai data input oleh solar charger controller untuk pengisian daya otomatis sesuai kebutuhan inverter, yaitu 12 VDC akan diubah menjadi 220 VAC. Data logger akan menyimpan data sensor PZEM-004T dan INA-219, kemudian output PIV di-plot sebagai grafik. Beban dapat langsung diamati pada keluaran DC/AC. Solarpanel-monocrystalline 10WP pada cahaya lampu halogen 150 watt didapatkan 2170 lux jarak 50cm. Pengecasan accu otomatis cutt-off pada tegangan >13.9 VDC menjadi input lampu DC/motor DC ataupun inverter tegangan AC menjadi input lampu AC/kipas AC dengan tegangan dropdown maksimal 20%. Plotter data ditampilkan dengan komunikasi serial data logger grafik PIV-IV-PV dan sinyal sinusoidal/square sebagai analisa.
Making solar panel teaching modules with PIV(power, current, and voltage) graphic data loggers, then data can be stored on micro SD. They were aiming as a practical standard related to renewable energy in Malang State Polytechnic. The module work system that is solar panel receives the halogen lamp light will then be received as input data by the solar charger controller for automatic charging according to the needs of the inverter, i.e., 12 VDC will change to 220 VAC. The data logger will store PZEM-004T and INA-219 sensor data, and then the PIV output is plotted as a graph. The load can direct observed at the DC / AC output. 10WP solar panel-monocrystalline in a 150-watt halogen lamp obtained 2170 lux at a distance of 50cm. Automatic charging cut-off at voltage> 13.9 VDC becomes an input for DC lamps / DC motors, or AC voltage inverters becomes an input for AC lamps / AC fans with a maximum dropdown voltage of 20%. Data plotter is displaying with serial communication data logger PIV (power, current, and voltage) –IV (current and voltage)-PV(power and voltage) and sinusoidal/square signals as analysis.
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Michalsky, Joseph J., Mark Kutchenreiter, and Charles N. Long. "Significant Improvements in Pyranometer Nighttime Offsets Using High-Flow DC Ventilation." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 34, no. 6 (June 2017): 1323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-16-0224.1.
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AbstractVentilators are used to keep the domes of pyranometers clean and dry, but they affect the nighttime offset as well. This paper examines different ventilation strategies. For the several commercial single-black-detector pyranometers with ventilators examined here, high-flow-rate [50 cubic feet per minute (CFM) and higher] 12-VDC (where VDC refers to voltage direct current) fans lower the offsets, lower the scatter, and improve the predictability of the offsets during the night compared with lower-flow-rate (35 CFM) 120-VAC (where VAC refers to voltage alternating current) fans operated in the same ventilator housings. Black-and-white pyranometers sometimes show improvement with DC ventilation, but in some cases DC ventilation makes the offsets slightly worse. Since the offsets for these black-and-white pyranometers are always small, usually no more than 1 W m−2, whether AC or DC ventilated, changing their ventilation to higher CFM DC ventilation is not imperative. Future work should include all major manufacturers of pyranometers and unventilated and ventilated pyranometers. An important outcome of future research will be to clarify under what circumstances nighttime data can be used to predict daytime offsets.
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Niggemann, R. E., S. Peecher, and G. Rozman. "270-VDC/hybrid 115-VAC electric power generating system technology demonstrator." IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 6, no. 8 (August 1991): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/62.90952.
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GOTO, Akira, Takeshi KUMAGAI, Chino KUMAGAI, Junko HIROSE, Hiroshi NARITA, Hitoshi MORI, Tatsuhiko KADOWAKI, Konrad BECK, and Yasuo KITAGAWA. "A Drosophila haemocyte-specific protein, hemolectin, similar to human von Willebrand factor." Biochemical Journal 359, no. 1 (September 24, 2001): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3590099.
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We identified a novel Drosophila protein of ≈ 400kDa, hemolectin (d-Hml), secreted from haemocyte-derived Kc167 cells. Its 11.7kbp cDNA contains an open reading frame of 3843 amino acid residues, with conserved domains in von Willebrand factor (VWF), coagulation factor V/VIII and complement factors. The d-hml gene is located on the third chromosome (position 70C1-5) and consists of 26 exons. The major part of d-Hml consists of well-known motifs with the organization: CP1-EG1-CP2-EG2-CP3-VD1-VD2-VD′-VD3-VC1-VD′′-VD′′′-FC1-FC2-VC2-LA1-VD4-VD5-VC3-VB1-VB2-VC4-VC5-CK1 (CP, complement-control protein domain; EG, epidermal-growth-factor-like domain; VB, VC, VD, VWF type B-, C- and D-like domains; VD′, VD′′, VD′′′, truncated C-terminal VDs; FC, coagulation factor V/VIII type C domain; LA, low-density-lipoprotein-receptor class A domain; CK, cysteine knot domain). The organization of VD1-VD2-VD′-VD3, essential for VWF to be processed by furin, to bind to coagulation factor VIII and to form interchain disulphide linkages, is conserved. The 400kDa form of d-Hml was sensitive to acidic cleavage near the boundary between VD2 and VD′, where the cleavage site of pro-VWF is located. Agarose-gel electrophoresis of metabolically radiolabelled d-Hml suggested that it is secreted from Kc167 cells mainly as dimers. Resembling VWF, 7.9% (305 residues) of cysteine residues on the d-Hml sequence had well-conserved positions in each motif. Coinciding with the development of phagocytic haemocytes, d-hml transcript was detected in late embryos and larvae. Its low-level expression in adult flies was induced by injury at any position on the body.
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Atauje S., José, Mercy Ramírez V., Alfonso Zúñiga H., Pedro Ospina S., Dennis Navarro M., and Hermelinda Rivera G. "Detección de anticuerpos contra el virus de distemper canino en jaguares (Panthera onca) y pumas (Puma concolor) en Madre de Dios, Perú." Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú 30, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rivep.v30i1.15693.
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El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la presencia de anticuerpos contra el virus de distemper canino (vDC) en jaguares (Panthera onca) y pumas (Puma concolor) de vida libre en Madre de Dios. Las 19 muestras (jaguares = 13, pumas= 6) fueron colectadas en la Concesión de Conservación Río Los Amigos (n=2) y la Reserva Nacional Tambopata/ Parque Nacional Bahuaja Sonene (n=17) durante los trabajos de la World Wildlife Fund (WWF) entre 2006 y 2008. La detección de anticuerpos contra el vDC se hizo mediante la prueba de inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI) en una dilución de 1:50. Todos los felinos silvestres de vida libre resultaron negativos a anticuerpos contra el vDC. Los resultados indican que estos felinos no estuvieron expuestos al vDC.
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Vinklárek, Jaromír, Jan Honzíček, and Jana Holubová. "Inclusion compounds of cystostatic active (C5H5)2VCl2 and (CH3C5H4)2VCl2 with α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrines: Synthesis, EPR study and microbiological behavior toward Escherichia coli." Open Chemistry 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bf02476239.
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AbstractThe inclusion of vanadocene dichloride (VDC) and 1,1′-dimethyl vanadocene dichloride (MeVDC) into cyclodextrines (α-CD, β-CD and γ-CD) was studied by EPR spectroscopy. It was found that VDC and MeVDC with β-CD and γ-CD form true inclusion compounds, but with α-CD, VDC and MeVDC gave only fine dispersion mixtures. The inclusion was validated by anisotropic EPR spectra of solid samples. In addition, the antimicrobial was validated by anisotropic EPR spectra of solid samples. In addition, the antimicrobial behavior (against E. coli) of each of the complexes was determined. It was established that not only did VDC and MeVDC cause elongation of E. coli, but also the new vanadocene inclusion complexes were effective in this regard.
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Harmini, Harmini, and Titik Nurhayati. "Desain Solar Power Inverter pada Sistem Photovoltaic." Elektrika 12, no. 1 (June 9, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/elektrika.v12i1.1863.
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<p><em>Solar power inverter is one of the main components in the PLTS system in order to produce the power or energy needed by the load. Solar power inverter is used to convert from DC energy (Direct Current) to AC (Alternating Current) to load. In this research a simulation of a solar power inverter system on a photovoltaic system will be designed. Simulation is done using SIMULINK-MATLAB software. Solar power inverter is designed using a boost converter as a controller and a Full-Bridge Inverter. Boost Converter is designed from 12VDC - 17 VDC to 300 VDC. Full Bridge Inverter produces AC voltage of 240 VAC with modulation index 0.8 and frequency 60 Hz. Total Harmonic Distortion is 46.07%. Power of Photovoltaic Solar panels generated at 3500 Watts at 1000 Watt / m2 irradiation conditions and temperature temperatures of 25 degrees Celsius.</em></p>
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Mills, Dominic C., Ozan Gundogdu, Abdi Elmi, Mona Bajaj-Elliott, Peter W. Taylor, Brendan W. Wren, and Nick Dorrell. "Increase in Campylobacter jejuni Invasion of Intestinal Epithelial Cells under Low-Oxygen Coculture Conditions That Reflect theIn VivoEnvironment." Infection and Immunity 80, no. 5 (February 21, 2012): 1690–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.06176-11.
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ABSTRACTCampylobacter jejuniinfection often results in bloody, inflammatory diarrhea, indicating bacterial disruption and invasion of the intestinal epithelium. WhileC. jejuniinfection can be reproducedin vitrousing intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) lines, low numbers of bacteria invading IECs do not reflect these clinical symptoms. Performingin vitroassays under atmospheric oxygen conditions neither is optimal for microaerophilicC. jejuninor reflects the low-oxygen environment of the intestinal lumen. A vertical diffusion chamber (VDC) model system creates microaerobic conditions at the apical surface and aerobic conditions at the basolateral surface of cultured IECs, producing anin vitrosystem that closely mimicsin vivoconditions in the human intestine. Ninefold increases in interacting and 80-fold increases in intracellularC. jejuni11168H wild-type strain bacteria were observed after 24-h coculture with Caco-2 IECs in VDCs under microaerobic conditions at the apical surface, compared to results under aerobic conditions. Increased bacterial interaction was matched by an enhanced and directional host innate immune response, particularly an increased basolateral secretion of the proinflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8). Analysis of the invasive ability of a nonmotileC. jejuni11168HrpoNmutant in the VDC model system indicates that motility is an important factor in the early stages of bacterial invasion. The first report of the use of a VDC model system for studying the interactions of an invasive bacterial pathogen with IECs demonstrates the importance of performing such experiments under conditions that represent thein vivosituation and will allow novel insights intoC. jejunipathogenic mechanisms.
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Kakani, Vijay, Hakil Kim, Praveen Kumar Basivi, and Visweswara Rao Pasupuleti. "Surface Thermo-Dynamic Characterization of Poly (Vinylidene Chloride-Co-Acrylonitrile) (P(VDC-co-AN)) Using Inverse-Gas Chromatography and Investigation of Visual Traits Using Computer Vision Image Processing Algorithms." Polymers 12, no. 8 (July 23, 2020): 1631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081631.
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The Inverse Gas Chromatography (IGC) technique has been employed for the surface thermo-dynamic characterization of the polymer Poly(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile) (P(VDC-co-AN)) in its pure form. IGC attributes, such as London dispersive surface energy, Gibbs free energy, and Guttman Lewis acid-base parameters were analyzed for the polymer (P(VDC-co-AN)). The London dispersive surface free energy ( γ S L ) was calculated using the Schultz and Dorris–Gray method. The maximum surface energy value of (P(VDC-co-AN )) is found to be 29.93 mJ·m − 2 and 24.15 mJ·m − 2 in both methods respectively. In our analysis, it is observed that the γ S L values decline linearly with an increase in temperature. The Guttman–Lewis acid-base parameter K a , K b values were estimated to be 0.13 and 0.49. Additionally, the surface character S value and the correlation coefficient were estimated to be 3.77 and 0.98 respectively. After the thermo-dynamic surface characterization, the (P(VDC-co-AN)) polymer overall surface character is found to be basic. The substantial results revealed that the (P(VDC-co-AN)) polymer surface contains more basic sites than acidic sites and, hence, can closely associate in acidic media. Additionally, visual traits of the polymer (P(VDC-co-AN)) were investigated by employing Computer Vision and Image Processing (CVIP) techniques on Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images captured at resolutions ×50, ×200 and ×500. Several visual traits, such as intricate patterns, surface morphology, texture/roughness, particle area distribution ( D A ), directionality ( D P ), mean average particle area ( μ a v g ) and mean average particle standard deviation ( σ a v g ), were investigated on the polymer’s purest form. This collective study facilitates the researches to explore the pure form of the polymer Poly(vinylidene chloride-co-acrylonitrile) (P(VDC-co-AN )) in both chemical and visual perspective.
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Karmoshi, Saleem, Shuo Wang, Naji Alhusaini, Jing Li, Ming Zhu, and Ammar Hawbani. "GANA-VDC: Application-Aware with Bandwidth Guarantee in Cloud Datacenters." Electronics 8, no. 3 (February 26, 2019): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8030258.
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Allocating bandwidth guarantees to applications in the cloud has become increasingly demanding and essential as applications compete to share cloud network resources. However, cloud-computing providers offer no network bandwidth guarantees in a cloud environment, predictably preventing tenants from running their applications. Existing schemes offer tenants practical cluster abstraction solutions emulating underlying physical network resources, proving impractical; however, providing virtual network abstractions has remained an essential step in the right direction. In this paper, we consider the requirements for enabling the application-aware network with bandwidth guarantees in a Virtual Data Center (VDC). We design GANA-VDC, a network virtualization framework supporting VDC application-aware networking with bandwidth guarantees in a cloud datacenter. GANA-VDC achieves scalability using an interceptor to translate OpenFlow features to prompt fine-grained Quality of Service (QoS). Facilitating the expression of diverse network resource demands, we also propose a new Virtual Network (VN) to Physical Network (PN) mapping approach, Graph Abstraction Network Architecture (GANA), which we innovatively introduce in this paper, allowing tenants to provide applications with cloud networking environment, thereby increasing the preservation performance. Our results show GANA-VDC can provide bandwidth guarantee and achieve low time complexity, yielding higher network utility.
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An, Jeong Hee, Da Hye Cho, Ga Young Lee, Min Su Kang, So Jeong Kim, and Sung Nim Han. "Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on CD4+ T Cell Subsets and mTOR Signaling Pathway in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice." Nutrients 13, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030796.
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Obesity is associated with an impaired balance of CD4+ T cell subsets. Both vitamin D and obesity have been reported to affect the mTOR pathway. In this study, we investigated the effects of vitamin D on CD4+ T cell subsets and the mTOR pathway. Ten-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups and fed diets with different fat (control or high-fat diets: CON or HFD) and vitamin D contents (vitamin D control or supplemented diets: vDC or vDS) for 12 weeks. T cells purified by negative selection were stimulated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 mAbs and cultured for 48 h. The percentage of CD4+IL-17+ T cells was higher in the vDS than vDC groups. The CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells percentage was higher in HFD than CON groups. The phospho-p70S6K/total-p70S6K ratio was lower in vDS than vDC, but the phospho-AKT/total-AKT ratio was higher in vDS than vDC groups. Hif1α mRNA levels were lower in vDS than vDC groups. These findings suggest HIF1α plays an important role in vitamin-D-mediated regulation of glucose metabolism in T cells, and dietary vitamin D supplementation may contribute to the maintenance of immune homeostasis by regulating the mTOR pathway in T cells.
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Luth, Gregory P. "VDC and the Engineering Continuum." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 137, no. 10 (October 2011): 906–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000359.
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Brissón, Cecilia María, Verónica Cuestas, Priscila Prono-Minella, Susana Denner, Verónica Fernández, Rosina Bonifacino-Belzarena, Silvia Marsili, and María Eugenia Brissón. "Valor de corte del cociente proteinuria/creatininuria predictor de proteinuria = 150 mg/24 h en una muestra de estudiantes argentinos. Utilidad de su aplicación para categorización de la proteinuria." Revista Colombiana de Nefrología 5, no. 2 (September 4, 2018): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.22265/acnef.0.0.309.
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Introducción: la proteinuria es marcador clásico de daño renal. La organización Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) categoriza en 2012 la proteinuria de 24 h (PER) como mg/24 h o la relación proteinuria/creatininuria en muestra aislada (PCR) como mg/g así: A1, normal-levemente aumentada (<150); A2, moderadamente aumentada (150-500), y A3, severamente aumentada (>500). La PER es el gold standard y la PCR fue incorporada para evitar recolección de 24 h, pero la equivalencia numérica entre ambas es controvertida. El valor 150 mg/24 h tiene relevancia diagnóstica/pronóstica en enfermedad renal crónica.Objetivos: determinar, en una muestra de estudiantes argentinos, la correlación de PCR en primera orina matutina con PER, el valor de corte (VdC) de PCR predictor de PER=150 mg/24 h y la concordancia entre ambas metodologías para la categorización A según valores de PCR de la clasificación KDIGO 2012 y del VdC hallado.Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo, analítico y transversal realizado en una muestra de 51 estudiantes. Determinaciones en orina de 24 h y en la primera matutina. Proteínas: método rojo de pirogalol molibdato; creatinina: Jaffé cinético. Correlación: coeficiente de Spearman; concordancia: Bland-Altman y kappa. VdC: análisis ROC (receiver operating curve). Programas: Excel yMedcalc. IC95 %, p<0,05.Resultados: proteinuria (mediana/rango intercuartil), PER (mg/24 h): 106,00/83,64-137,82; PCR (mg/g): 58,00/50,50-87,00; p=0,025; coeficiente Spearman: 0,5540; Bland-Altman media de las diferencias (PER-PCR): 31,4. ABC=0,883 (IC95%: 0,762-0,956); VdC=82 mg/g; S=90 %; E=82,9 %; RP+=5,27; RP-=0,12. Concordancia en categorización A: kappa empleando PCR 150 mg/g: 0,106 (IC95%: -0,134-0,347), pobre-leve; kappa empleando VdC hallado: 0,4568 (IC95%: 0,2063-0,6505), leve-considerable.Conclusiones: la concordancia en categorización A mejora al utilizar el VdC. Destaca la importancia de no usar como equivalentes PCR=150 mg/g y PER=150 mg/24 h para diferenciar proteinuria normal de aumentada, sino la necesidad de establecer en cada laboratorio los VdC correspondientes.
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Jiang, Haiyan, and Cheng Tao. "Contribution of Tropical Cyclones to Global Very Deep Convection." Journal of Climate 27, no. 11 (May 29, 2014): 4313–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00085.1.
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Abstract Based on the 12-yr (1998–2009) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation feature (PF) database, both radar and infrared (IR) observations from TRMM are used to quantify the contribution of tropical cyclones (TCs) to very deep convection (VDC) in the tropics and to compare TRMM-derived properties of VDC in TCs and non-TCs. Using a radar-based definition, it is found that the contribution of TCs to total VDC in the tropics is not much higher than the contribution of TCs to total PFs. However, the area-based contribution of TCs to overshooting convection defined by IR is 13.3%, which is much higher than the 3.2% contribution of TCs to total PFs. This helps explain the contradictory results between previous radar-based and IR-based studies and indicates that TCs only contribute disproportionately large amount of overshooting convection containing mainly small ice particles that are barely detected by the TRMM radar. VDC in non-TCs over land has the highest maximum 30- and 40-dBZ height and the strongest ice-scattering signature derived from microwave 85- and 37-GHz observations, while VDC in TCs has the coldest minimum IR brightness temperature and largest overshooting distance and area. This suggests that convection is much more intense in non-TCs over land but is much deeper or colder in TCs. It is found that VDC in TCs usually has smaller environmental shear but larger total precipitable water and convective available potential energy than those in non-TCs. These findings offer evidence that TCs may contribute disproportionately to troposphere-to-stratosphere heat and moisture exchange.
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Chaudhary, Ram Das, Bisheswar Prasad Yadav, Santosh Raj Tripathi, Padam Prasad Poudel, Govinda KC, Dinesh Kumar Yadav, and Indrapal Singh. "Adoption and Maintenance of Self Seed Sufficiency in Major Cereal Crops in Mid-Western Terai of Nepal." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 6, no. 1 (March 27, 2018): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v6i1.19467.
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Regional Agricultural Research Station Nepalgunj (RARS/N) has its four major outreach sites in Satbariya Village Development Committee (VDC) of Dang, Betahani VDC of Banke, Mahammadpur VDC of Bardiya, Patharaiya VDC of of Kailali and model village in Mainapokhar VDC of Bardiya district for test and verify the acceptance of new released varieties under farmers' field condition and provide an opportunity to the farmers to select most suitable variety on their own choice based on performance. Seed was distributed throughout the OR sites and model village for newly released varieties for self seed sufficiency. New most recent varieties of rice and wheat released in the previous year from concerned commodity research programme, National Rice Research Programme (NRRP), Hardinath and National Whear Research Programme (NWRP), Bhairawaha respectively, were selected. The yield attributing characters, total yield, percentage yield used as seed in the next fiscal year were recorded. Response of the participating farmers for various varieties with respect to various attributes of yield and other important criteria for sustainable cultivation were recorded in individual sheet. Agronomic management practices were done according to recommendation practices for particular crop. Rice varieties of Sukkha series adoption rate was increasing trend. Among them Sukkha Dhan 1, Sukkha Dhan 2 and Sukkha Dhan 3 adoption rate was higher. Wheat variety Gautam adoption rate was higher followed by NL 971.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(1): 38-44
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Afzal, Muneeb, Muhammad Tariq Shafiq, and Hammad Al Jassmi. "Improving construction safety with virtual-design construction technologies – a review." Journal of Information Technology in Construction 26 (July 20, 2021): 319–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36680/j.itcon.2021.018.
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The construction industry is prone to major safety hazards owing to the complex and onsite nature of construction projects. Hence, construction researchers have been pursuing concepts, methods, and tools using advancing technologies to improve construction safety management. Subsequently, the rapid digitization of construction work practices is providing opportunities to improve construction safety. Research has revealed that construction safety management practices can benefit from the applications of virtual design construction technologies (VDC), such as building information modeling (BIM), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), geographic information systems (GIS), and gaming technology. This study comprehensively reviews 191 research articles, published between 2010 and 2019, focusing on providing an overview of the implementation and application of VDC technologies for improving construction safety. The objective of this review is to critically collect and analyze applications of VDC technologies and present a holistic view of the features and functions of VDC technologies that can impact jobsite safety improvement in the construction industry. The review showed that VDC technologies can substantially improve construction safety. Emerging digital technologies, such as BIM, VR, AR, GIS, and gaming technologies can transform the traditional document-oriented safety procedures into digitalized safety practices allowing safety managers to visualize and analysis construction sites virtually to devise proactive safety measures and effective safety trainings. This study also highlights challenges such as research gaps regarding these digital tools that are currently impeding their widespread use in construction safety.
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Srinath, V., Man Mohan Agarwal, and D. K. Chaturvedi. "Analysis and simulation of a single-phase seven-level inverter controlled by modified sinusoidal PWM technique." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 12, no. 04 (March 9, 2021): 2150024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962321500240.
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In this paper, a modified sinusoidal pulse width modulation (MSPWM) technique and a modified single-phase H-bridge seven-level inverter is proposed. The switching pulses for the proposed seven-level inverter are generated using a single triangular carrier waveform, a fully rectified sinusoidal signal, and three stepped reference signals (Uref1, Uref2 and Uref3). Using optimization technique, the magnitude of the stepped reference signal is determined so that the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output voltage waveform is minimum and the fundamental component, RMS value of the voltage is improved for a given modulation index Ma as compared to the sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM). By the implementation of the new scheme, the seven-level of the inverter output voltage level (+Vdc, +2Vdc/3, +Vdc/3, 0, −Vdc, −2Vdc/3, −Vdc) is obtained for any given modulation index. Similarly, if only two stepped reference signals are used then the inverter will act as a five-level inverter for any modulating index Ma. The proposed MSPWM and seven-level inverter are simulated on MATLAB/SIMULINK for R, R-L load and on a single-phase capacitor-start and capacitor-start-run Induction Motor.
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Shafiq, Muhammad Tariq, and Muneeb Afzal. "Potential of Virtual Design Construction Technologies to Improve Job-Site Safety in Gulf Corporation Council." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (May 8, 2020): 3826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093826.
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With the advancement of digital design practices in the global construction industry, different aspects related to the project lifecycle are extracting their benefits, including making improvements in safety. The objective of this paper is to ascertain the awareness of these technologies, their potential, and any barriers related to the use of different virtual design construction (VDC) tools, such as building information modeling, virtual reality, augmented reality, and geographic information systems, to improve job-site safety in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. The paper presents an overview of the GCC construction industry and highlights current safety management practices and problems in the region. The potential of VDC tools for improving job-site safety is discussed and presented. The study has used a questionnaire survey to identify the drivers and barriers of using VDC tools in improving job-site safety management in the GCC region. The results indicated that “designing emergency and evacuation plans” and “fall-hazard prevention strategies” are the two best safety applications of these tools if used proactively. Similarly, “lack of knowledge about return on investment for VDC tools” was considered as the predominant barrier, preventing stakeholders from using these technologies to improve construction safety. These results will help the GCC construction industry to build a strategy for the digitalization of proactive constructability analysis techniques for improving job-site safety. Overall, due to the multilingual dynamics of this region, it is recommended that VDC tools should become more prevalent so that the transfer of safety information and hazard prevention becomes easier, mitigating safety risks.
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Sparr, Holger, Alexander Hausdorf, Peter Jeske, Nachiket Kale, Ralph Schacht, Matthias Ziegenhorn, and Oliver Zysk. "±270 VDC Aircraft Harness Structural Analysis." Procedia Engineering 114 (2015): 346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.078.
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Kam, Calvin, Min Ho Song, and Devini Senaratna. "VDC Scorecard : Formulation, Application, and Validation." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 143, no. 3 (March 2017): 04016100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0001233.
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Granowetter, Linda, Richard Womer, Meenakshi Devidas, Mark Krailo, Chenguang Wang, Mark Bernstein, Neyssa Marina, et al. "Dose-Intensified Compared With Standard Chemotherapy for Nonmetastatic Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumors: A Children's Oncology Group Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15 (May 20, 2009): 2536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2008.19.1478.
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Purpose The Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) is a group of malignant tumors of soft tissue and bone sharing a chromosomal translocation affecting the EWS locus. The Intergroup INT-0091 demonstrated the superiority of a regimen of vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (VDC), and dactinomycin alternating with ifosfamide and etoposide (IE) over VDC for patients with nonmetastatic ESFT of bone. The goal of this study was to determine whether a dose-intensified regimen of VDC alternating with IE would further improve the outcome for patients with nonmetastatic ESFT of bone or soft tissue. Methods Patients with previously untreated, nonmetastatic ESFT of bone or soft tissue were eligible. They were randomly assigned to receive standard doses of VDC/IE over 48 weeks or a dose-intensified regimen of VDC/IE over 30 weeks. Results Four hundred seventy-eight patients met eligibility requirements: 231 patients received the standard regimen; 247 patients received the intensified regimen. The 5-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival rates for all eligible patients were 71.1% (95% CI, 67.7% to 75.0%) and 78.6% (95% CI, 74.6% to 82.1%), respectively. There was no significant difference (P = .57) in EFS between patients treated with the standard (5-year EFS, 72.1%; 95% CI, 65.8% to 77.5%) or intensified regimen (5-year EFS, 70.1%; 63.9% to 75%). Patients with soft tissue tumors accounted for 20% of the study population; there was no difference in outcome between patients with soft tissue and bone primary sites. Conclusion Dose escalation of alkylating agents as tested in this trial did not improve the outcome for patients with nonmetastatic ESFT of bone or soft tissue.
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Anisiewicz, Artur, Agata Pawlik, Beata Filip-Psurska, and Joanna Wietrzyk. "Differential Impact of Calcitriol and Its Analogs on Tumor Stroma in Young and Aged Ovariectomized Mice Bearing 4T1 Mammary Gland Cancer." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 17 (September 2, 2020): 6359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176359.
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(1) Background: Vitamin D compounds (VDC) are extensively studied in the field of anticancer properties, including breast cancer. Previously, we showed that calcitriol and its analogs (PRI-2191 and PRI-2205) stimulate metastasis in 4T1 murine mammary gland cancer models in young mice, whereas the reverse effect was observed in aged ovariectomized (OVX) mice; (2) Methods: We determined the phenotype of monocytes/macrophages using FACS and examined the expression of selected genes and proteins by Real-Time PCR and ELISA; (3) Results: Activities of VDC are accompanied by an increase in the percentage of Ly6Clow anti-inflammatory monocytes in the spleen of young and a decrease in aged OVX mice. Treatment of young mice with VDC resulted in an increase of CCL2 plasma and tumor concentration and Arg1 in tumor. In later stage of tumor progression the expression of genes related to metastasis in lung tissue was decreased or increased, in old OVX or young mice, respectively; (4) Conclusions: Pro- or anti-metastatic effects of calcitriol and its analogs in young or aged OVX mice, respectively, can be attributed to the differences in the effects of VDC on the tumor microenvironment, as a consequence of differences in the immunity status of young and aged mice.
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Prasetya, Agysta Rama, Iwan Setiawan, and Mochammad Facta. "PERANCANGAN INVERTER BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER DSPIC30F4011 DENGAN FEEDBACK ARUS MENGGUNANKAN METODE KONTROL PROPORTIONAL RESONANT." TRANSIENT 7, no. 4 (May 25, 2019): 1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/transient.7.4.1055-1061.
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Inverter merupakan perangkat yang paling umum digunakan sebagai konverter untuk mengubah arus searah ke arus bolak-balik. Contoh aplikasi inverter yang sering dijumpai adalah pada sistem photovolaic yang tersambung dengan grid dimana kualitas arus keluaran inverter sangat berpengaruh terhadap kualitas daya. Dibandingkan dengan inverter dengan SPWM open loop, inverter dengan kontrol arus memiliki beberapa keunggulan diantaranya respon sistem yang lebih cepat dan memiliki akurasi yang tinggi dalam pengontrolan. Dalam Penelitian ini, dirancang inverter satu fasa tipe Full Bridge dengan metode kontrol proportional resonant menggunakan mikrokontroler 16-bit dsPIC30F4011. Arus keluaran inverter di feedback menggunakan sensor arus ACS712-05B. Pengujian dilakukan dengan arus referensi 1-1,25 A serta tegangan masukan 30 VDC dan 50 VDC. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa kontrol proportional resonant adalah kontroler yang cocok untuk digunakan sebagai pengendalian arus AC pada inverter satu fasa yang dirancang karena arus aktualya sudah mendekati arus referensinya hingga sekitar 3,5 A. Dari tegangan output yang kecil terjadi karena penyesuaian arus yang melewati beban resistif, drop tegangan, dan pembagi tegangan dari induktor. Pada pengujian nilai harmonisa tegangan maupun arus terendah terdapat pada variasi 30 VDC arus referensi 1 A yauitu sebesar 8%, sedangkan yang tertinggi yaitu 22,5 % pada variasi 50 VDC arus referensi 2,5 A.
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Sun, Changhe, Yufei Liu, Bolun Li, Wenqu Su, Mingzhang Luo, Guofeng Du, and Yaming Wu. "Modeling and Optimization of a Novel ScAlN-Based MEMS Scanning Mirror with Large Static and Dynamic Two-Axis Tilting Angles." Sensors 21, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 5513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165513.
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The piezoelectric MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical systems) scanning mirrors are in a great demand for numerous optoelectronic applications. However, the existing actuation strategies are severely limited for poor compatibility with CMOS process, non-linear control, insufficient mirror size and small angular travel. In this paper, a novel, particularly efficient ScAlN-based piezoelectric MEMS mirror with a pupil size of 10 mm is presented. The MEMS mirror consists of a reflection mirror plate, four meandering springs with mechanical rotation transformation, and eight right-angle trapezoidal actuators designed in Union Jack-shaped form. Theoretical modeling, simulations and comparative analysis have been investigated for optimizing two different device designs. For Device A with a 1 mm-length square mirror, the orthogonal and diagonal static tilting angles are ±36.2°@200 VDC and ±36.2°@180 VDC, respectively, and the dynamic tilting angles increases linearly with the driving voltage. Device B with a 10 mm-length square mirror provides the accessible tilting angles of ±36.0°@200 VDC and ±35.9°@180 VDC for horizontal and diagonal actuations, respectively. In the dynamic actuation regime, the orthogonal and diagonal tilting angles at 10 Hz are ±8.1°/Vpp and ±8.9°/Vpp, respectively. This work confirmed that the Union Jack-shaped arrangement of trapezoidal actuators is a promising option for designing powerful optical devices.
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Chuk, M. K., F. M. Balis, C. Mackall, D. Hawkins, N. Avila, B. C. Widemann, L. J. Helman, and E. Fox. "Radiographic tumor response in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed localized (LOC) or metastatic (MET) Ewing’s sarcoma (EWS) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 20008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.20008.
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20008 Background: Standard treatment for EWS includes vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide (VDC) alternating with ifosfamide and etoposide (IE). Using this therapy, overall survival is 70% in patients with LOC EWS and 30% in patients with MET EWS. We compared the radiographic response to VDC and IE in patients with LOC or MET EWS. Methods: We conducted a randomized trial comparing pegfilgrastim to filgrastim in patients treated with VDC (cycles 1, 2, 5, 9, 11, 13) and IE (cycles 3, 4, 6–8, 10, 12, 14). Local control with radiation or surgery was initiated after cycle 5. We assessed radiographic response after VDC (C1,2) and IE (C3,4) using 1-dimensional (RECIST) and 2-dimensional (WHO) criteria. Measurements were performed using MEDx. Results: Twenty-one patients with EWS, median age 20y (6–25y), were enrolled; 16 were evaluable for this analysis. Primary tumors were in extremity (n=5) or central axis (n=11). Eight patients had MET disease (pulmonary only, n=4). Median (range) decrease in tumor size by WHO after C4 was 61% (40–92%) for LOC and 83% (47–94%) for MET. Decrease by treatment is presented in the table . Overall responses after 4 cycles for LOC patients were 5 PR, 3 SD using RECIST, and 6 PR, 2 SD using WHO. For MET patients, overall responses were the same using RECIST and WHO, 7 PR, and 1SD. Conclusion: Patients with MET EWS responded as well as those with LOC EWS after 4 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Similar overall response was demonstrated using RECIST or WHO. Tumor response after VDC was greater than after IE, possibly due to sequence of administration, but patients had continued tumor response with IE. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Stepasiuk, B., T. Haievska, O. Spaska, Yu Bilokopytov, S. Boichenko, and A. Yakovlieva. "Catalytic processing of organochlorine wastes into valuable monomers." Catalysis and Petrochemistry, no. 31 (2021): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/kataliz2021.31.041.
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The paper is devoted to experimental development of method for 1,1,2-trichlorethane (TCE) dehydrochlorination (DHC). The economic and environmental issues of organic chlorinated compounds processing are described. The basic principle and possible products of TCE processing are presented. The DHC of TCE, which is one of the chlorinated organic wastes produced in the ethylene dichloride process, to vinylidene chloride (VDC) was carried out over over CaO, MgO supported on SiO2 and modified with CsCl catalysts. This process was carried out in a continuous flow fixed-bed reactor. The prepared catalysts were characterized by surface area and base properties before/after reaction. The methodology for determining properties of catalyst is described. Laboratory activity test apparatus was developed, and the schematic diagram is presented in the paper. The method of determination of TCE concentration of was calculated from its partial saturation vapor pressure at a given temperature is presented. Encouraging results were obtained on the catalyst containing 10 % CsCl/CaO·SiO2. The direction of the DHC reaction changed radically under described conditions: VDC was not formed at all and the major products were cis- and trans-1,2-dichloroethene. Interesting results were obtained with the catalytic system comprising 10 % (MgO-CsCl) (1:1) supported on SiO2. DHC of 2 % TCE/Ar at 302 °C proceeds quantitatively over 20 h with selectivity for VDC of more than 80%. These systems are suitable to study the factors providing the binding and removal of HCl from the reaction zone. A possible way to increase the selectivity for VDC is the creation of the conditions favoring the DHC of TCE into VDC by the radical mechanism, which was observed in experiments with 10% CsCl/CaSiO3. The directions for future researches are formulated and described.
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Xie, Guiming, Zhiyang Wang, and Yongzhong Bao. "Expansion Properties and Diffusion of Blowing Agent for Vinylidene Chloride Copolymer Thermally Expandable Microspheres." Materials 13, no. 17 (August 20, 2020): 3673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13173673.
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Vinylidene chloride copolymer microspheres were synthesized by in situ suspension copolymerization of vinylidene chloride (VDC), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and/or acrylonitrile (AN) in the presence of a paraffin blowing agent. The effects of shell polymer properties including compositions, glass transition temperature (Tg), crosslinking degree, blowing agent type, and encapsulation ratio (Er) on the expansion properties of copolymer microspheres were investigated. Moreover, the diffusion properties of blowing agent in copolymer microspheres were studied. The results show that VDC-MMA-AN copolymer microspheres exhibited excellent expansion properties, and the volume expansion ratio (Ev) and the apparent density were decreased over 40 times, but it was difficult to expand for the VDC-MMA copolymer microspheres. In addition, the moderately crosslinked inside of the polymer shell enhanced the Ev more than 30 and the stable expansion temperature range (Tr) was about 30 °C by adding 0.2–0.4 wt% of divinyl benzene. The Tg of the shell polymer must be higher than the boiling point of the blowing agent as a prerequisite; the lower the boiling point of the blowing agent, the higher the internal gas pressure driven microsphere expansion, and the wider the Tr. By increasing the Er of blowing agent improved the Ev of the microspheres. The diffusion of pentane blowing agent in VDC-MMA-AN copolymer microspheres were divided into Fick diffusion and non-Fick diffusion.
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Al-Shuka, Hayder F. N., B. Corves, and Wen-Hong Zhu. "Function approximation technique-based adaptive virtual decomposition control for a serial-chain manipulator." Robotica 32, no. 3 (August 6, 2013): 375–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574713000775.
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SUMMARYThe virtual decomposition control (VDC) is an efficient tool suitable to deal with the full-dynamics-based control problem of complex robots. However, the regressor-based adaptive control used by VDC to control every subsystem and to estimate the unknown parameters demands specific knowledge about the system physics. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on reorganizing the equation of the VDC for a serial chain manipulator using the adaptive function approximation technique (FAT) without needing specific system physics. The dynamic matrices of the dynamic equation of every subsystem (e.g. link and joint) are approximated by orthogonal functions due to the minimum approximation errors produced. The control, the virtual stability of every subsystem and the stability of the entire robotic system are proved in this work. Then the computational complexity of the FAT is compared with the regressor-based approach. Despite the apparent advantage of the FAT in avoiding the regressor matrix, its computational complexity can result in difficulties in the implementation because of the representation of the dynamic matrices of the link subsystem by two large sparse matrices. In effect, the FAT-based adaptive VDC requires further work for improving the representation of the dynamic matrices of the target subsystem. Two case studies are simulated by Matlab/Simulink: a 2-R manipulator and a 6-DOF planar biped robot for verification purposes.
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Luqman, Mohammad, Herwandi Herwandi, and Donny Radianto. "Rancang bangun driver inverter 1000 Watt dengan kendali EGS - 002." JURNAL ELTEK 19, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/eltek.v19i1.290.
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Abstrak
Penelitian ini dimulai dengan penentuan spesifikasi sistem yang akan dibuat, yaitu sebuah inverter sinusoida pada tegangan output 220Vac pada frekuensi 50 Hz dengan daya sekitar 1000 Watt. Kontrol utama menggunakan EGS-002 sebagai pembangkit sinyal SPWM dan sekaligus driver transistor switching. Sebagai peranti switching adalah 8 buah transistor MOSFET IRF 3205 dengan konfigurasi full-bridge. Sebagai pengubah sinyal SPWM menjadi sinyal sinusoida sekaligus penaik tegangan output digunakan trafo step-up 24V/220V 10A. Hasilnya berupa inverter dengan luaran berupa gelombang sinusoida dengan spesifikasi sebagai berikut: Tegangan masukan 24 VDC. Tegangan luaran 221 VAC dengan bentuk gelombang sinusoida murni pada frekuensi 50 Hz. Daya luaran sampai dengan 905 Watt. Dimensi alat adalah: Panjang 30,5 cm x Lebar 18,5 cm x tinggi 12 cm, dengan berat kurang lebih 3 kg, yang dilengkapi dengan terminal masukan 24Vdc dan 2 buah terminal output 220 Vac (stop kontak).
Abstract
This research begins with determining the specifications of the system to be made, namely a sinusoidal inverter at an output voltage of 220Vac at a frequency of 50 Hz with a power of about 1000 Watts. The main control uses the EGS-002 as the SPWM signal generator as well as the switching transistor driver. As a switching device are 8 MOSFET transistors IRF 3205 with a full-bridge configuration. To convert the SPWM signal into a sinusoidal signal as well as to increase the output voltage, a 24V / 220V 10A step-up transformer is used. The result is an inverter with a sine wave output with the following specifications: 24 VDC input voltage. Output voltage 221 VAC with pure sinusoidal waveform at a frequency of 50 Hz. Output power up to 905 Watts. The dimensions of the tool are: Length 30.5 cm x Width 18.5 cm x height 12 cm, weighing approximately 3 kg, equipped with a 24Vdc input terminal and 2 220 Vac output terminals (electric socket).
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Liu, Ran, Lie Xu, Yuanli Kang, Yannian Hui, and Yongdong Li. "230 VAC/28 VDC high-power density power supply for more electric aircraft applications." Journal of Engineering 2018, no. 13 (January 1, 2018): 499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2018.0035.
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Neupane, B., C. P. Shriwastav, S. C. Shah, and K. Sah. "Land Suitability Evaluation for Cereal Crops: A Multicriteria Approach Using GIS at Parbatipur VDC, Chitwan, Nepal." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 2, no. 4 (December 25, 2014): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i4.11279.
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A research was conducted to evaluate the suitability of soils of different land unit for cereal crops productions at Parbatipur VDC, Chitwan, Nepal with the integrated use of Geographical Information system (GIS) and Multi-criteria evaluation (MCE).Existing geodatabase information from National Land Use Project (NLUP) was used as data for this research. The database was used to derive crop suitability using vector based index model in GIS along with multi-criteria analysis. The research revealed that for rice cultivation, 1.06 %( 10.70ha) was highly suitable, 51.54 %( 515.89ha) was moderately suitable, 3.39% (33.987 ha) was marginally suitable but 28.28 %( 283.11 ha) was not suitable whereas for wheat cultivation, 7.6 %( 76.73ha) was highly suitable, 44.91% (449.53 ha) was moderately suitable and 4.6% (46.26ha) was marginally suitable, but 27.15% (27.14ha) was not suitable. Similarly, for maize cultivation, 12.07% (120.83ha) was highly suitable, 40.19% (402.25ha) was moderately suitable and 0.53% (5.37ha) was marginally suitable, but 31.54% (315.72ha) was not suitable for maize production. Suitability data of this VDC shows that maize and wheat was highly suitable than rice cultivation. But, the area not suitable for rice, wheat and maize must be allocated for alternative uses to achieve optimum productions and further there must be new research for alternative crops in VDC. Hence, this research is useful to farmers and VDC level planners for optimum crops production. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i4.11279Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(4): 493-500
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Schoepf, T. J., and G. A. Drew. "Disengaging Connectors Under Automotive 42-VDC Loads." IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies 27, no. 1 (March 2004): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcapt.2004.825789.
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