Journal articles on the topic 'Vector font'

This note is about the geometry of holomorphic foliations. Let X be a polynomial vector field with isolated singularities on C². We announce some results regarding two problems: 1. Given a finitely curved orbit L of X, under which conditions is L algebraic? 2. If X has some non-algebraic finitely curved orbit L what is the classification of X? Problem 1 is related to the following question: Let C <FONT FACE=Symbol>Ì</FONT> C² be a holomorphic curve which has finite total Gaussian curvature. IsC contained in an algebraic curve?

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">For exploring wireless sensor network - a self-organized network, a new node location algorithm based on statistical uncorrelated vector (SUV) model, namely SUV location algorithm, is proposed. The algorithm, by translating the node coordinate, simplifies the solution to double center coordinate matrix, and gets the coordinate inner product matrix; then it uses statistical uncorrelated vectors to reconstruct the coordinates of the inner product matrix and remove the correlation of inner matrix of coordinates caused by the ranging error, so as to reduce the impact of ranging error on subsequent positioning accuracy. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm does not consider the network traffic, bust still has good performance in localization. At last, it is concluded that reducing the amount of communication of sensor nodes is beneficial to prolong the service life of the sensor nodes, thus increasing the lifetime of the whole network.</span>

En muchas aplicaciones agrícolas o biológicas, se ajustan modelos basados en funciones de producción Yi = (Xi, <FONT FACE="Symbol">q</font>) + e para un conjunto de variables predictoras Xj j = 1,. . . , k y un vector parámetros <FONT FACE="Symbol">q</font>. En este trabajo se presenta una alternativa para detectar observaciones influyentes, cuando la función de producción es univariada y la estimación de los parámetros se realiza por el método de Gauss - Newton.

<p>This article discusses a study conducted in order to analyse selected Digital Terrain Model (DTM) derivates in diverse young post-glacial topographic profiles with the aim of identifying terrain features that could be related to the soils that formed there. The area under investigation is within the reach of the youngest Vistulian Glaciation, in the north-east of Poland. The main goal of the study was to reveal indirect relationships between a lithological soil type and terrain forms, which transpire from DTM derivatives. This can directly help to assign the type of soil in the area to one of the three soil types: a) made of sand, b) made of loam, c) wet-soils. <span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;">The starting point for<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> the research undertaken was the landscape approach to soil modelling and the article deals with<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"> medium scales. </span></span></span>Derivatives were analysed using vector data notation, focusing on selected derivative values and their spatial location in relation to one another. The results obtained indicate the possibility of using this approach as an auxiliary approach in soil mapping of areas for which the quality of source materials (such as precipitation geometry) is low. Thus, they can be of assistance in improving the existing soil maps of selected scales. The trend revealed in the obtained results of DTM analysis can be considered as a contribution to realisation of assumptions of a study in digital soil mapping with the use of selected methods of AI.</p>

<span style="color: #666666; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 11.2px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: #ffffff; display: inline !important; float: none;">Dialect is a difference of verbal communication spoken by people from a particular society or geographic area so the paper focuses on Amharic language dialect recognition. In this paper, the authors have used backpropagation artificial neural network, VQ(vector quantization), (Gaussian Mixture Models) and a combination of GMM and backpropagation artificial neural network for classifying dialects of Amharic language speakers. In this research, a total of 100 speakers for each group of dialects are considered each having about 10 seconds duration is collected. The feature vectors of Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) had been used to recognize the dialects of speakers. In this research paper the recognition model that uses a tanh activation function have a better result instead of using the Logistic Sigmoid activation function in backpropagation artificial neural network. After conducting the above experiments 95.7% accuracy achieved when GMM and backpropagation artificial neural network with tanh activation function are combined.</span>

<p class="Text"><strong><em><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 105%;">Abstract</span></em></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 105%;">—</span></strong> <strong><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 105%;">Blood is an important part of the body. Blood is divided into several groups A, B, O, and AB. Conventionally, detect blood group by dripping anti-A serum and anti-B serum into the blood to be recognized and direct measurement of the serum droplet reaction. This study will compare the processes that use segmentation and without using segmentation to know the various segmentation information in introduction of human blood type image. From the test results that segmentation increase accuracy of recognition between 10% -24% of each test. By using JST Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) as a classifier and Fuzzy C-Mean as segmentation, the optimal result on the system averages 92% to 98%..</span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="IndexTerms"><em>Index Terms</em>—Blood, Segmentation, Classification</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="Abstract"><em>Abstrak</em>–- Darah merupakan salah satu bagian penting dalam tubuh. Darah dibedakan menjadi beberapa golongan yaitu A, B, O, dan AB. Secara konvensional, mendeteksi golongan darah dengan cara meneteskan serum anti-A dan serum anti-B ke darah yang akan dikenali kemudian melakukan pengamatan langsung terhadap reaksi tetesan serum tersebut. Penelitian ini akan membandingkan antara proses pengenalan yang menggunakan segmentasi dengan proses pengenalan tanpa menggunakan segmentasi untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh metode segmentasi dalam pengenalan citra golongan darah manusia. Dari hasil pengujian didapatkan bahwa dengan adanya metode segmentasi akurasi system pengenalan bertambah antara 10%-24% setiap uji coba. Dengan menggunakan JST Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) sebagai pengklasifikasi dan Fuzzy C-Mean sebagai segmentasi citra darah dapat diperoleh hasil yang optimal pada sistem pengenala golongan darah manusia dengan prosentase keberhasilan rata rata 92% hingga 98%.</p><p class="MsoNormal"> </p><p class="IndexTerms"><a name="PointTmp"><em>Kata Kunci</em>—Darah, Segmentasi, Klasifikasi </a></p><div><table width="637" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: 9.35pt;" align="left" valign="top" height="181"><p class="Authors" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; mso-element: frame; mso-element-frame-width: 468.75pt; mso-element-frame-height: 117.05pt; mso-element-wrap: no-wrap-beside; mso-element-anchor-horizontal: page; mso-element-left: 85.2pt; mso-element-top: 43.85pt; mso-height-rule: exactly;"><strong><span style="font-size: 24.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt;">Klasifikasi</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 24.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN;" lang="IN"> Jenis Golongan Darah Menggunakan</span></strong><strong></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 24.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 14.0pt;">Fuzzy C-Means Clustering (FCM) dan Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ)</span></strong></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div><!--[if !supportTextWrap]--><br clear="ALL" /> <!--[endif]-->

Textual information embedded in multimedia can provide a vital tool for indexing and retrieval. Text extraction process has many inherent problems due to the variation in font sizes, color, backgrounds and resolution. Text detection and localization are the most challenging phases of text extraction process whereas text extraction results are highly dependent upon these phases. This paper focuses on the text localization because of its very fundamental importance. Two effective feature vectors are introduced for the classification of the text and nontext objects. First feature vector is represented by the Radon transform of text candidate objects. Second feature vector is derived from the detailed geometrical analysis of text contents. Union of two feature vectors is used for the classification of text and nontext objects using support vector machine (SVM). Text detection and localization results are evaluated on two publicly available datasets namely ICDAR 2013 and IPC-Artificial text. Moreover, results are compared with state-of-the-art techniques and the Comparison demonstrates the superiority of the presented research.

<span style="font-family: &quot;TimesNewRoman,Bold&quot;,&quot;Arial&quot;; font-size: 9pt;">A novel space vector modulation (SVM) method for an indirect matrix converter (IMC) is used to reduce the common -mode voltage (CMV) in the output. The process of selecting required active vectors and to describe the switching sequence in the inverter stage of the IMC is explained in this paper. This novel SVM method used to decrease the peak -to-peak amplitude voltage of CMV without using any external hardware. The other advantage of this SVM method is to reduce the total harmonic distortion of line-to-line output voltage. This new modulation technique is easily implemented through simulation and its results are used to demonstrate the improved performance of the input/output waveforms.</span>

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; text-align: justify; mso-pagination: none; mso-layout-grid-align: none;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">A takeover success prediction model aims at predicting the probability that a takeover attempt will succeed by using publicly available information at the time of the announcement.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We perform a thorough study using machine learning techniques to predict takeover success.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Specifically, we model takeover success prediction as a binary classification problem, which has been widely studied in the machine learning community.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Motivated by the recent advance in machine learning, we empirically evaluate and analyze many state-of-the-art classifiers, including logistic regression, artificial neural network, support vector machines with different kernels, decision trees, random forest, and Adaboost.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The experiments validate the effectiveness of applying machine learning in takeover success prediction, and we found that the support vector machine with linear kernel and the Adaboost with stump weak classifiers perform the best for the task.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The result is consistent with the general observations of these two approaches.</span></span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span>

This paper presents a system for recognizing English fonts from character images. The distance profile is the feature of choice used in this paper. The system extracts a vector of 106 features and feeds it into a support vector machine (SVM) classifier with a radial basis function (RBF) kernel. The experiment is divided into three phases. In the first phase, the system trains the SVM with different Gamma and C parameters. In the second phase, the validation phase, we validate and select the pair of Gamma and C values that yield the best recognition rates. In the final phase, the testing phase, the images are tested and the recognition rate is reported. Experimental results based on 27,620 characters glyph images from three English fonts show a 94.82% overall recognition rate.

The entomopathogenic fungi Paecilomyces fumosoroseus and P. lilacinus have been transformed to resistance to the fungicide benomyl by a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated procedure using a mutant <FONT FACE="Symbol">b</font>-tubulin gene from Neurospora crassa carried on plasmid pBT6. Benomyl-resistant transformants of P. lilacinus were obtained that could tolerate greater than 30 µg/ml benomyl and P. fumosoroseus transformants were obtained that could tolerate 20 µg/ml benomyl. Following 5 serial passages of transformants on benomyl-containing media and 5 serial passages on non-selective media, 100% of P. lilacinus transformants were found to be mitotically stable by a conidial germination test. In contrast, only 4 out of 9 transformants of P. fumosoroseus were mitotically stable. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from both species suggested that the mechanism of transformation in all transformants was by gene replacement of the <FONT FACE="Symbol">b</font>-tubulin allele. Non-homologous vector sequences were not detectable in the genomes of transformants.

The present study provides a rickettsial serosurvey in 25 dogs and 35 humans in an endemic area for Brazilian spotted fever in the State of São Paulo, where the tick Amblyomma aureolatum is the main vector. Testing canine and human sera by indirect immunofluorescence against four Rickettsia antigens (R. rickettsii, R. parkeri, R. felis and R. bellii) showed that 16 (64%) of canine sera and 1 (2.8%) of human sera reacted to at least one of these rickettsial antigens with titers <FONT FACE=Symbol>³</FONT> 64. Seven canine sera and the single reactive human serum showed titers to R. rickettsii at least four times those of any of the other three antigens. The antibody titers in these 7 animals and 1 human were attributed to stimulation by R. rickettsii infection. No positive canine or human serum was attributed to stimulation by R. parkeri, R. felis, or R. bellii. Our serological results showed that dogs are important sentinels for the presence of R. rickettsii in areas where the tick A. aureolatum is the main vector of Brazilian spotted fever.

<p style="margin: 0in 0in 10pt;"><span style="-ms-layout-grid-mode: line;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">In the past several decades, much research has been carried out on the </span><a name="OLE_LINK9"></a><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;">wireless</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> sensor network which is widely used in the fields of national defense and national economy within China. The main function of the language sensor is to transfer the voice signal into an electrical signal so as to facilitate the subsequent analysis and processing. Combined with the wireless network signal, it is widely used in banks, shopping malls, examination rooms, prisons, important places of military affairs and other places. This paper makes a detailed introduction of some theoretical knowledge of language recognition and puts forward the recognition algorithm in which the language signal is abstracted by language features. Afterwards, Matlab is used to make simulation in-depth research and classification based on Support Vector Machine. Finally, a large number of samples are collected for the experiment so as to research the effect of weighted feature value and structure of classification on speech recognition rate. The conclusion of the paper provides a basis for further subsequent theoretical study.</span></span></p>

<span>This paper evaluates the recognition performance of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Bag of Features (BoF) for multiple font digit recognition. Font digit recognition is part of character recognition that is used to translate images from many document-input tasks such as handwritten, typewritten and printed text. BoF is a popular machine learning method while CNN is a popular deep learning method. Experiments were performed by applying BoF with Speeded-up Robust Feature (SURF) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier and compared with CNN on Chars74K dataset. The recognition accuracy produced by BoF is just slightly lower than CNN where the accuracy of CNN is 0.96 while the accuracy of BoF is 0.94.</span>

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt; text-align: justify; mso-pagination: none;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-themecolor: text1;">This paper investigates the possible influence equity price shocks have on economic activities and inflation in emerging market economies such as South Africa. Moreover, the paper discusses the role monetary policy action should play in preventing or reducing the disruptive effects of equity market volatility in emerging markets. It uses the structural vector error correction (SVEC) model to identify the different shocks and obtain the impulse response functions in a case study of South Africa. The paper finds that positive shocks to equity prices negatively affect expected inflation in the first two quarters before the effect becomes positive. This finding indicates that initially </span><span lang="EN-ZA" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-ZA;">high stock market valuations raise the expectation of high capital and labour productivity by investors. Later on, the possibility of high stock prices increasing economic activity creates an expectation of high inflation rates in the future. From this finding, the paper concludes that the monetary authority in emerging markets in general and South Africa in particular should include equity prices in its reaction function. </span></span></p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span>

<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">In order to avoid the risk of fluctuations in prices, commodity production operators develop future hedge, in which the evaluation of optimal hedge ratios are the core question. On the other hand, since gold plays an increasingly important role in Chinese economic activities, gold hedge become a hot topic. We employ gold future prices and spot gold prices in China market and the time period covered was January, 2014 to June, 2015 and calculate the optimal hedge ratios using different static and dynamic models. The static hedge model mainly used Ordinary Least Squares Regression</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">（</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">OLS</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">）</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">, Error Correction Model</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">（</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">ECM</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">）</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">and Vector Error Correction Model</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">（</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">VECM</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">）</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"> model. In addition, the dynamic hedge model mainly use bivariate GARCH model (BGARCH model). The results show that the efficiency of hedge of ECM-GARCH model is the best over the sample period.</span>

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Aiming at the problem of node localization in wireless sensor networks, a location algorithm for optimizing distance vector hopping (DV-hop) by constructing a quantum neural network model based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed. According to the average distance obtained by the traditional DV-HOP and the distance from the measured nodes, the quantum neural network model is constructed, and the average distance is trained by the particle swarm optimization algorithm which would shorten the training time of the traditional artificial neural network and accelerate the convergence speed. By using the proposed model, the optimal mean value is obtained, and the optimization of the DV-HOP algorithm is realized. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional DV-HOP algorithm, the proposed algorithm can reduce the positioning error by about 20%, and the positioning accuracy is significantly improved.</span>

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">As the long term evolution (LTE) mobile users and transmission data increase, the load of the fronthaul network increases. In order to control the consumption of optical fiber resources, and prevent congestion under the premise of increasing data transmission, it is necessary to compress the data of the fronthaul network. In this paper, a data compression scheme of LTE-based fronthaul network is proposed. According to the characteristics of LTE baseband signals, discrete sine transform (DST) is applied to the time domain signals, and the transformed coefficients are partitioned according to the energy concentration characteristics. Bit allocation is performed in different blocks, and the coefficients of each block are quantized by Lloyd-Max quantizer. Finally, Huffman coding is carried out to improve the compression ratio under the condition that the error is allowed. The simulation results show that the proposed data compression scheme has good performance in both compression ratio (CR) and error vector magnitude (EVM).</span>

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">A research method of gait recognition based on feature combination</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"> is proposed, which includes the wavelet transform (WT), Fourier transform (FT) and the quartile difference,</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"> to explore the</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"> gait recognition system in Internet of things human body sensor based on </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">smart phone</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"> It can extract the low-dimensional gait parameters of the acceleration signal, and these gait parameters can reflect the movement characteristics. </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="ZH-TW">Then, they are combined into </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">f</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="ZH-TW">eature vector </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">to</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="ZH-TW"> identif</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">y</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="ZH-TW"> by a pattern recognition algorithm.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="ZH-TW">Finally, the experimental verification is carried out in the experimental system.</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"> The results show that</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">this </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="ZH-TW">gait recognition </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">method </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="ZH-TW">simplifies the processing flow to a certain extent, </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">and </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="ZH-TW">improves the recognition accuracy</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">. In conclusion, </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10.5pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">the algorithm has a good effect, and can identify the gait behavior with high precision.</span>

The aim of this paper was to research the molecular cloning of genes encoding the novel bacteriocin BacSJ from Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei BGSJ2-8 by using a newly constructed shuttle cloning vector pA13. A new shuttle-cloning vector, pA13, was constructed and successfully introduced into Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus and Lactococcus strains, showing a high segregational and structural stability in all three hosts. The natural plasmid pSJ2-8 from L. paracasei subsp. paracasei BGSJ2-8 was cloned in the pA13 using BamHI, obtaining the construct pB5. Sequencing and in silico analysis of the pB5 revealed 15 open reading frames (ORF). Plasmid pSJ2-8 harbors the genes encoding the production of two bacteriocins, BacSJ and acidocin 8912. The combined N-terminal amino acid sequencing of BacSJ in combination with DNA sequencing of the bacSJ2-8 gene enabled the determination of the primary structure of a bacteriocin BacSJ. The production and functional expression of BacSJ in homologous and heterologous hosts suggest that bacSJ2-8 and bacSJ2-8i together with the genes encoding the ABC transporter and accessory protein are the minimal requirement for the production of BacSJ. Biochemical and genetic analyses showed that BacSJ belongs to the class II bacteriocins. The shuttle cloning vector pA13 could be used as a tool for genetic manipulations in lactobacilli and lactococci. <br><br><b><font color="red">withdrawn; due to a printing error. Link to the Editorial Decision <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ABS1004251U">10.2298/ABS1004251U</a></u></font></b><br>

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">Machine fault diagnosis systems need to collect and transmit dynamic signals, like vibration and current, at high-speed. However, industrial wireless sensor networks (IWSNs) and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) are generally based on low-speed wireless protocols, such as ZigBee and IEEE802.15.4. Large amounts of transmission data will </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;" lang="EN-US">increase the energy consumption and </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">shorten the lifetime of energy-constrained IWSN node</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;" lang="EN-US">s as well</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">.</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">To address th</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;" lang="EN-US">e</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">s</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;" lang="EN-US">e</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"> tension</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;" lang="EN-US">s</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US"> when implementing machine fault diagnosis applications in </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;" lang="EN-US">IWSNs</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">, this paper proposes a</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;" lang="EN-US">n</span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;" lang="EN-US">energy efficient </span><span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">IWSN with on-sensor data processing. On-sensor wavelet transforms using four popular mother wavelets are explored for fault feature extraction, while an on-sensor support vector machine classifier is investigated for fault diagnosis. The effectiveness of the presented approach is evaluated by a set of experiments using motor bearing vibration data. The experimental results show that compared with raw data transmission, the proposed on-sensor fault diagnosis method can reduce the payload transmission data by 99.95%, and reduce the node energy consumption by about 10%, while the fault diagnosis accuracy of the proposed approach reaches 98%.</span>

Over the past few years, multiple types of modifications have been proposed onto the Direct Torque Control (DTC) scheme. Among others is the implementation of Space Vector Modulation (SVM). In this paper, two new control strategies are proposed onto an SVM-DTC. Instead of using PI torque and flux controllers, a fuzzy logic control method is implemented in the proposed modification to achieve a more constant switching frequency while minimizing the torque error. The fuzzy logic controller controls the voltages in direct and quadratic reference frame (Vd, Vq). This approach fully utilizes the switching capability of the inverter and thus improving the overall system performance. To overcome issues in open loop stator flux such as DC drift and saturation, a closed loop estimation method of stator flux is also proposed based on voltage model and low pass filter. The performance of the proposed control strategy is benchmarked with that of a conventional DTC–SVM. Simulations and experiments were carried out and the results show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional DTC-SVM in terms of DC-offset elimination and overall system robustness. <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; color: black;" lang="EN-US">Over the past few years, multiple types of modifications have been proposed onto the Direct Torque Control (DTC) scheme. Among others is the implementation of Space Vector Modulation (SVM). In this paper, two new control strategies are proposed onto an SVM-DTC. Instead of using PI torque and flux controllers, a fuzzy logic control method is implemented in the proposed modification to achieve a more constant switching frequency while minimizing the torque error. The fuzzy logic controller controls the voltages in direct and quadratic reference frame (V_d, V_q). This approach fully utilizes the switching capability of the inverter and thus improving the overall system performance. To overcome issues in open loop stator flux such as DC drift and saturation, a closed loop estimation method of stator flux is also proposed based on voltage model and low pass filter. The performance of the proposed control strategy is benchmarked with that of a conventional DTC–SVM. Simulations and experiments were carried out and the results show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional DTC-SVM in terms of DC-offset elimination and overall system robustness. </span></p>

<p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">Aiming at the coverage problem of self-organizing wireless sensor networks, a target coverage method for wireless sensor networks based on Quantum Ant Colony Evolutionary Algorithm (QACEA) is put forward. This method introduces quantum state vector into the coding of ant colony algorithm, and realizes the dynamic adjustment of ant colony through quantum rotation port. The simulation results show that the quantum ant colony evolutionary algorithm proposed in this paper can effectively improve the target coverage of wireless sensor networks, and has obvious advantages compared with the other two methods in detecting the number of targets and the convergence speed. Based on the above findings, it is concluded that the algorithm proposed plays an essential role in the improvement of target coverage and it can be widely used in the similar fields, which has great and significant practical value.</span></span></p>

Complexity of Arabic writing language makes its handwritten recognition very complex in terms of computer algorithms. The Arabic handwritten recognition has high importance in modern applications. The contour analysis of word image can extract special contour features that discriminate one character from another by the mean of vector features. This paper implements a set of pre-processing functions over a handwritten Arabic characters, with contour analysis, to enter the contour vector to neural network to recognize it. The selection of this set of pre-processing algorithms was completed after hundreds of tests and validation. The feed forward neural network architecture was trained using many patterns regardless of the Arabic font style building a rigid recognition model. Because of the shortcomings in Arabic written databases or datasets, the testing was done by non-standard data set. The presented algorithm structure got recognition ratio about 97%.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: DE; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-GB">When a wireless sensor network is used to perform real-time security monitoring inside a building, there are drawbacks like multi-path signal fading and difficulty in spectrum sensing. In light of these problems, this paper proposes an improved signal spectrum sensing algorithm based on support vector machine (SVM), which inhibits the impacts brought by the low signal-noise-ratio (SNR) environment in the transmission process of wireless sensor signals through the embedded cyclostationary characteristic parameters. Based on this, considering the low efficiency and poor fault tolerance of multi-task monitoring and scheduling inside the building, this paper also proposes a multi-task coordination and scheduling algorithm based on physical information integration, which achieves multi-task scheduling and execution through intelligent breakdown and prioritization of general tasks. The simulation test shows that, compared with the artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm and the maximum-minimum eigenvalue (MME) algorithm, the proposed algorithm has much better spectrum sensing effect under low SNR, takes less computation time, and achieves higher accuracy in large-scale multi-task coordination and scheduling. The research conclusions can provide new ideas for the application of wireless sensor network in intelligent building security monitoring.</span>

The Ixodes ricinus tick is common in the central part of the Balkan Peninsula. It is a vector of pathogenic agents causing diseases in humans and animals. Little is known about the genetic structure of I. ricinus in this region. We have investigated intraspecific variability of the COI gene among I. ricinus ticks collected from different regions of Serbia, and the correlation between the various types of habitat and genetic variability of ticks. The obtained COI gene sequences are the first barcoding sequences of I. ricinus ticks collected at localities in Serbia. Intraspecific variability of these COI gene sequences was very low, and there was no correlation between the various types of habitat and genetic variability of ticks. Samples from isolated localities (canyon/gorge) showed no genetic differentiations from the majority of samples from open areas. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. ON 173006] <br><br><font color="red"><b> This article has been retracted. Link to the retraction <u><a href='http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ABS1404689U'>10.2298/ABS1404689U</a><u></b></font>

Abstract. The Geological Survey of Brazil has a library of palaeontology symbols to use in geological mapping works, currently in bitmap format and adapted for ESRI platform. This type of representation has presented anti-aliasing problems when reduced, in addition to not being suitable for map presentation on the web, according to OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) specifications. This work presents a reproducible method in any symbol library type. The method consists of converting the symbol library to open-source format, resulting an OpenType font file, which can be installed on any operating system and view each symbol font in any software that has this functionality, such as a GIS (Geographic Information Systems) software. The need to develop font construction technique is due to improving typographic quality of cartographic representations and making library compatible with main GIS softwares. Those 61 pictorial palaeontology symbols were converted, one by one, to SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) format. We imported each symbol as a glyph in FontForge font editor. Major computer platforms use OpenType format due to its wide availability and typographic flexibility, including provisions to deal with diverse characteristics of internationally symbolic alphabet systems. There is even the possibility of symbols standardizing in the UTF-8 alphabet system, an issue for the scientific community to study. The advantage of using the SVG format is its size, a compact text file, and has an excellent compression factor. In addition, version-control repositories, like GitHub, can store SVG files, which would facilitate content management. The adopted method proved to be applicable to any cartographic symbols library with good results. Rendering tests on different platforms (web or desktop) showed no noticeable differences. One of the most important aspects of the method presented in this work was to make cartographic symbols library public and open-source for use by the geoscientific community, regardless whether an open-source or proprietary platform is used, and so, the Geological Survey of Brazil will be able to distribute geological symbology patterns, according to Open Data definition.

In the search for Leishmania recombinant antigens that can be used as a vaccine against American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, we identified a Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis recombinant protein of 33 kD (Larp33) which is recognized by antibodies and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from subjects vaccinated with Leishvacin ®, Larp33 was expressed in Escherichia coli after cloning of a 2,2 kb Sau3A digested genomic fragment of L. (L.) amazonensis into the pDS56-6 His vector. Immunoblotting analysis indicated that Larp33 corresponds to an approximately 40-kD native protein expressed in promastigotes of L.(L.) amazonensis and L. (Viannia) braziliensis. Northern blots of total RNA also demonstrated that the gene coding for this protein is expressed in promastigotes of the major lineages of Leishmania causing American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Larp33 induced partial protection in susceptible mouse strains (BALB/c and C57BL/10) against L. (L.) amazonensis after vaccination using Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) as adjuvant. In vitro stimulation of splenocytes from BALB/c protected mice with Larp33 elicited the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-<FONT FACE="Symbol">g</font>, suggesting that a Th1 cell-mediated protective response is associated with the resistance observed in these mice. As revealed by its immunogenic and antigenic properties, this novel recombinant antigen is a suitable candidate to compose a vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis

<p><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is an imaging system based on the processing of radar echoes. The produced images have a huge amount of data which will be stored onboard or transmitted as a digital signal to the ground station via downlink to be processed. Therefore, some methods of compression on the raw images provides an attractive option for SAR systems design. One of these techniques which used for image reconstruction is the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP). OMP is an iterative algorithm which need high computational operations. The computational complexity of the iterative algorithms is high due to updating operations of the measurement vector and large number of iterations that are used to reconstruct the images successfully. This paper presents a new adaptive OMP algorithm to overcome this issue by using certain threshold. The new adaptive OMP algorithm is compared with the classical OMP algorithm using the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. The MATLAB simulations show that the new adaptive OMP algorithm improves the probability of detection at lower SNRs, reduce the computational operations as well as the number of required iterations. FPGA implementation of both the classical OMP and the adaptive OMP algorithm are also presented in this paper.</span></p>

This paper presents a new technique for non-rigid body interpolation based on generalized morphologic morphing. Non-rigid body interpolation can be divided into non-rigid body metamorphosis and local rigid body rotation. By constructing mappings between the two convex subsets, this approach can solve the metamorphosis problem of two non-homotopic objects. Based on the model of the normal vector sphere for polyhedrons, a fast morphologic summation algorithm for two convex polyhedrons is also proposed; this method avoids much excrescent computation and is faster than most classical implementation. This paper provides the proof of the principle of metamorphosis and discusses the different results of the metamorphosis process for the different objects. It is shown through the experiments that this approach can be applied to automatic font composition and interpolation between two key-frames in 3D computer animation as well as in many other practical applications.

Text localisation determines the location of the text in an image. This process is performed prior to text recognition. Localising text on shop signage is a challenging task since the images of the shop signage consist of complex background, and the text occurs in various font types, sizes, and colours. Two popular texture features that have been applied to localise text in scene images are a histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) and speeded up robust features (SURF). A comparative study is conducted in this paper to determine which is better with support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The performance of SVM is influenced by its kernel function and another comparative study is conducted to identify the best kernel function. The experiments have been conducted using primary data collected by the authors. Results indicate that HOG with quadratic kernel function localises text for shop signage better than SURF.

Text localisation determines the location of the text in an image. This process is performed prior to text recognition. Localising text on shop signage is a challenging task since the images of the shop signage consist of complex background, and the text occurs in various font types, sizes, and colours. Two popular texture features that have been applied to localise text in scene images are a histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) and speeded up robust features (SURF). A comparative study is conducted in this paper to determine which is better with support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The performance of SVM is influenced by its kernel function and another comparative study is conducted to identify the best kernel function. The experiments have been conducted using primary data collected by the authors. Results indicate that HOG with quadratic kernel function localises text for shop signage better than SURF.

This study proposed the method to improve the result of Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) by optimizing the weight vectors using a genetic algorithm (GA) to detect the diabetics. Initial value of individuals for GA is taken from weight vectors which come from the last m iterations of LVQ training result. The result of experiment showed that there is a significant increase in sensitivity level, however there is a significant decrease in specificity level. 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mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-ansi-language:MS; mso-fareast-language:MS;} </style> <![endif]--><em><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="EN-US">This study proposed the method to improve the result of Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) by optimizing the weight vectors using a genetic algorithm (GA) to detect the diabetics. Initial value of individuals for GA is taken from weight vectors which come from the last m iterations of LVQ training result. The result of experiment showed that there is a significant increase in sensitivity level, however there is a significant decrease in specificity level. It means the proposed method success in improving the LVQ ability to recognized the diabetics, but it lowers the ability of LVQ to recognize the people unaffected by diabetes.</span></em>

<p><em>The purpose of this research is to acknowledge the income recognition and the cost of Wahidin Sudirohusodo Centre General Hospital, Makassar. This research applied qualitative data and comparative analysis methods by counting the data recorded in the financial statement and activity report. It is found that the recognition of income and costs has met the PSAK Number 23 where it means it also has satisfied the financial accounting standard’s guidance. 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Background.Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy is applied to measure changes in tissue composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate its feasibility in measuring the fluid shift after thoracentesis in patients with pleural effusion.Methods.45 participants (21 with pleural effusion and 24 healthy subjects) were included. Bioelectrical impedance was analyzed for “Transthoracic,” “Foot to Foot,” “Foot to Hand,” and “Hand to Hand” vectors in low and high frequency domain before and after thoracentesis. Healthy subjects were measured at a single time point.Results.The mean volume of removed pleural effusion was1169±513 mL. The “Foot to Foot,” “Hand to Hand,” and “Foot to Hand” vector indicated a trend for increased bioelectrical impedance after thoracentesis. Values for the low frequency domain in the “Transthoracic” vector increased significantly (P<0.001). A moderate correlation was observed between the amount of removed fluid and impedance change in the low frequency domain using the “Foot to Hand” vector (r=-0.7).Conclusion.Bioelectrical impedance changes in correlation with the thoracic fluid level. It was feasible to monitor significant fluid shifts and loss after thoracentesis in the “Transthoracic” vector by means of bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy. The trial is registered with Registration Numbers IRB EK206/11 andNCT01778270.

In this paper, we present a new approach to offline OCR (optical character recognition) for printed Persian subwords using wavelet packet transform. The proposed algorithm is used to extract font invariant and size invariant features from 87804 subwords of 4 fonts and 3 sizes. The feature vectors are compressed using PCA. The obtained feature vectors yield a pictorial dictionary for which an entry is the mean of each group that consists of the same subword with 4 fonts in 3 sizes. The sets of these features are congregated by combining them with the dot features for the recognition of printed Persian subwords. To evaluate the feature extraction results, this algorithm was tested on a set of 2000 subwords in printed Persian text documents. An encouraging recognition rate of 97.9% is got at subword level recognition.

<span lang="EN-US"><span>The present study aimed to investigate the metacognitive ability of students using e-portfolio assessment in project-based learning classes. The projects were a set out a critical analysis based on the selected references (project 1) and set out of field activities based on the selected theme content (project 2). Student metacognitive ability consists of three phases, planning, implementation, and evaluation abilities that were assessed through e-portfolio assignments. There were 87 participants who divided into groups consisted of four to five students, conducted the projects, and submitted the progress of their projects in every decided step into online report assignments. The rubric of metacognition was used to acquire the quantitative score of skill that was separated into six levels category: not yet, at risk, not-really, developing, OK, and super. The result revealed that 44.83% of the students belong to the last three of those levels and the rest are otherwise. The lowest and highest metacognitive ability of the student is “not really” and “developing” respectively. Student metacognitive ability through conducting the project 2 activities is higher than project 1. The findings showed that project-based learning (PBL) enables to foster the student metacognitive ability that developed through e-portfolio-based documents that student conducted during fulfilling all projects assignments.</span>The aim of present study was to investigate the metacognitive ability of student using e-portfolio assessment in the project-based learning classes. The projects were the set out a critical analysis based on the selected references (project 1) and the set out of field activities based on the selected theme content (project 2). Student metacognitive ability consists of three phases, planning, implementation and evaluation abilities that were assessed through e-portfolio assignments. Eighty-seven participants divided into groups consisted of four to five students, conducted the projects, and submitted the progress of their projects in every decided step into online report assignments. The rubric of metacognition was used to acquire the quantitative score of skill that was separated into six levels category; not yet, at risk, not really, developing, OK, and super. The result revealed that 44.83% of the students belong to the last three of those levels and the rest are otherwise. The lowest and highest metacognitive ability of student is "not really" and "developing” respectively. Student metacognitive ability through conducting the project 2 activities is higher than the project 1. The findings showed that PjBl enable to foster the student metacognitive ability that developed through e-portfolio-based documents that student conducted during fulfilling all projects assignments.</span><div class="ms-editor-squiggler" style="color: initial; font: initial; font-feature-settings: initial; font-kerning: initial; font-optical-sizing: initial; font-variation-settings: initial; forced-color-adjust: initial; text-orientation: initial; text-rendering: initial; -webkit-font-smoothing: initial; -webkit-locale: initial; -webkit-text-orientation: initial; -webkit-writing-mode: initial; writing-mode: initial; zoom: initial; place-content: initial; place-items: initial; place-self: initial; alignment-baseline: initial; animation: initial; appearance: initial; aspect-ratio: initial; backdrop-filter: initial; backface-visibility: initial; background: initial; background-blend-mode: initial; baseline-shift: initial; block-size: initial; border-block: initial; border: initial; border-radius: initial; 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<div class="abstract"><div class="abstract_item"><em>Modern techniques for the map analysis allow for the creation of full or partial geometric reconstruction of its content. The projection is described by the set of estimated constant values: transformed pole position, standard parallel latitude, longitude of the central meridian, and a constant parameter. Analogously the analyzed map is represented by its constant values: auxiliary sphere radius, origin shifts, and angle of rotation. Several new methods denoted as M6-M9 for the estimation of an unknown map projection and its parameters differing in the number of determined parameters, reliability, robustness, and convergence have been developed. However, their computational demands are similar. Instead of directly measuring the dissimilarity of two projections, the analyzed map in an unknown projection and the image of the sphere in the well-known (i.e., analyzed) projection are compared. Several distance functions for the similarity measurements based on the location as well as shape similarity approaches are proposed. An unconstrained global optimization problem poorly scaled, with large residuals, for the vector of unknown parameters is solved by the hybrid BFGS method. To avoid a slower convergence rate for small residual problems, it has the ability to switch between first- and second-order methods. Such an analysis is beneficial and interesting for historic, old, or current maps without information about the projection. Its importance is primarily referred to refinement of spatial georeference for the medium- and small-scale maps, analysis of the knowledge about the former world, analysis of the incorrectly/inaccurately drawn regions, and appropriate cataloging of maps. The proposed algorithms have been implemented in the new version of the <span style="font-family: monospace;">detectproj</span> software.</em></div></div>

The article attempts to lay a foundation for highlighting the problem of artistically determined functioning of foreignlanguage elements in the narrative-text space of Dostoevsky's works as a special aspect of studying the writer's literary system. The processes of integration and interaction of languages and literary-artistic discourses are highly conditioned by the spatial-cultural interplay of countries and the dominant vector of their development, so the presence of a significant amount of material borrowed from French and German languages in the texts of Dostoevsky is quite expected to correlate with the idea of national-ideological and cultural priorities of Russian society of that time. The intensity of the creative reception of the material of other languages as one of the moments determining the individual originality of the artistic-speech semiosis, is also explained by the autobiographical factor – long stay of the writer in a foreignspeaking cultural environment and saturation of emotional-intellectual experience in the process of intercultural communication. On the basis of the study of Dostoevsky's creative heritage from this angle, it is possible to draw a conclusion about the diverse range of his use of foreign-language elements in his texts to solve artistic and narrative problems. The article analyzes the most relevant aspects of the writer's artistic and linguistic element in the application of foreign-language inserts in interaction with the material and the traditional system of expressive means of native language: the role in the construction of narrative discourse, intertextuality, reverse interference, occasional word formation, font transposition iconism. In view of the scientific and empirical significance of the problem, it seems necessary to continue its research on a broader theoretical and methodological basis, in particular – through interdisciplinary integration of the potential of linguistics and poetics.

Phishing is a cybercrime technique in which the attacker creates a copy of genuine websites with the same color pattern, layout, font, and logo and with a domain name that matches with the real one. Then, broadcast this fake website through various online modes like emails and social media. The attacker creates lucrative offers or discounts to lure in people to click on the phishing link. Once the user clicks on this phishing link, they a re directed to the duplicate website that the attacker had created. The user believes that it is the real website and enters his/her login details and other confidential data. This data is stored on the attacker’s server thus giving him full access to the victim’s data. The phishing attack is mainly targeted to collect confidential data of the victim. This data includes Username, Passwords, Bank details, security Credit card numbers etc. Machine Learning algorithms are being used widely in detecting phishing websites. This paper shows performance analysis of three Machine learning algorithms used for URL phishing detection. These algorithms are Extreme Learning Machine, Support Vector Machine and Naïve Bayes algorithm. The paper analyses these algorithms on the parameters of Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1 score and Confusion matrix. The dataset includes 11,000 entries and 30 features from UC Irvine dataset repository. The literature survey shows how only importance is given to only one parameter i.e., Accuracy parameter when analyzing performance of the URL phishing detection algorithms. This paper concludes on how Accuracy parameter does not show full picture on the overall performance of the URL phishing detection algorithms and also how Precision and Recall parameters are very important in understanding the working of these algorithms.

Abstract Lentiviral vectors are efficient in transducing dividing and non-dividing cells. Many gene transfer applications require vectors that express more than one protein which include but not limited to therapeutic gene plus a selectable marker gene, multiple genes encoding different subunits of a complex protein or multiple independent genes that cooperate functionally. Previous strategies in constructing multigene lentiviral vectors by other groups included splicing, multiple internal promoters, internal ribosome entry site (IRES), and fusion proteins. In this study we explored the feasibility of expressing homeobox B4 (HOXB4), O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT), and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of a single promoter with the use of IRES sequence from encephalomyocarditis (EMCV) virus and/or foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) 2A cleavage factor in a HIV-1 based self-inactivating lentiviral vector. In bicistronic vectors the small FMDV 2A sequence can be used efficiently as an alternative to IRES. In case of tricistronic vectors the 2A sequence can be used in combination with IRES to obtain simultaneous expression of three cDNAs under the control of a single internal promoter. Monocistronic, bicistronic and tricistronic vectors were constructed and a three-plasmid expression system was used to generate vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein pseudotyped lentiviral vector particles. Viral titers were measured by quantification of HIV p24 gag by ELISA. The relative efficiency of transgene expression in transduced cells by various vectors was compared by appropriate methods including fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, biochemical assay, and western blotting. All the multigene vectors produced high titer viral particles and were able to simultaneously express two or three transgenes in transduced cells. However, the expression of EGFP from monocistronic vector as measured by mean fluorescence intensity was 3–8 times and 10–20 times higher than that of bicistronic and tricistronic vectors respectively. Notably expression of second gene encoded by the bicistronic vector containing FMDV 2A was 2–3 fold higher than that of IRES-based vector. Expression of MGMT in monocistronic and bicistronic constructs was also 4 to 20 times higher than tricistronic vectors. The FMDV 2A cleavage factor efficiently mediated the generation of the expected cleavage products from the artificial fusion protein. These vectors can be used in a wide range of applications including the expression of: multiple subunits of a functional protein, tumor antigen and co-stimulatory molecule(s), multiple tumor antigens for immunotherapy applications, and co-expression of selectable marker gene/s with therapeutic gene/s.

ABSTRACTNovel vaccination approaches against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) include the use of replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vectors that contain the capsid-encoding regions of FMD virus (FMDV). Ad5 containing serotype A24 capsid sequences (Ad5.A24) has proved to be effective as a vaccine against FMD in livestock species. However, Ad5-vectored FMDV serotype O1 Campos vaccine (Ad5.O1C.2B) provides only partial protection of cattle against homologous challenge. It has been reported that a fiber-modified Ad5 vector expressing Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) enhances transduction of antigen-presenting cells (APC) in mice. In the current study, we assessed the efficacy of a fiber-modified Ad5 (Adt.O1C.2B.RGD) in cattle. Expression of FMDV capsid proteins was superior in cultured cells infected with the RGD-modified vector. Furthermore, transgene expression of Adt.O1C.2B.RGD was enhanced in cell lines that constitutively express integrin αvβ6, a known receptor for FMDV. In contrast, capsid expression in cattle-derived enriched APC populations was not enhanced by infection with this vector. Our data showed that vaccination with the two vectors yielded similar levels of protection against FMD in cattle. Although none of the vaccinated animals had detectable viremia, FMDV RNA was detected in serum samples from animals with clinical signs. Interestingly, CD4+and CD8+gamma interferon (IFN-γ)+cell responses were detected at significantly higher levels in animals vaccinated with Adt.O1C.2B.RGD than in animals vaccinated with Ad5.O1C.2B. Our results suggest that inclusion of an RGD motif in the fiber of Ad5-vectored FMD vaccine improves transgene delivery and cell-mediated immunity but does not significantly enhance vaccine performance in cattle.

Broiler chicken farms could be a part of potential source infection Leucocytozoonosis and Plasmodiosis disease due to the death of livestock. Broiler farms in Tanjung Gunung, District Jombang near the fields, water, and trees. This could be increase the population of vectors infection Leucocytozoonosis and Plasmodiosis. The main purpose of this researchis to detect Leucocytozoonosis and Plasmodiosis infections on broiler farms in Tnjung Gunung Village, District Jombang using 50 broiler chickens by Purposive Sampling of 2 bredeers. The result show rhat there are 6 positive samples infected Leucocytozoonosis, while Plasmodiosis infection could not be fond. Need cage sanitation to break life cycles of vector Leucocytozoonosis and Plasmodiosis.

At the beginning of 1999, 30 melon (Cucumis melo L.) plots on several farms (1,500 ha) in the Zacapa Valley of Guatemala were visited, and melon plants with two different symptomologies were observed. One group of plants exhibited stem necrosis at the crown level, and less frequently, small necrotic spots on leaves. Some plants exhibited necrosis of veins and yellow areas that evolved into interveinal necrosis and often expanded into large necrotic interveinal lesions. Roots were poor and lacked secondary rootlets. In some cases, wilt and plant death were detected. Affected plants appeared as localized patches in various areas of the plots on farms that were visited. Double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) serological analyses were carried out with 34 symptomatic plants. In these plants, a mixture of the crown and root were analyzed with two repetitions and two lots of different Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) polyclonal antisera (Loewe No. 07097 and Sanofi No. 70217). All 34 plants were positive for this virus. These results were confirmed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with specific MNSV primers (1). Spores of Olpidium bornovanus, the vector of MNSV, were seen on all ELISA-positive plants after staining rootlets with potassium hydroxide and neutralization with hydrochloric acid. In the same fields, another group of melon plants showed yellowing, curling, and mottling of leaves. Leaves collected from five symptomatic plants gave positive results in triple-antibody sandwich-ELISA using a Tomato yellow leaf curl begomovirus antiserum (DSMZ AS-0421 and DSMZ AS-0546/2). In 2001, these results were confirmed using PCR with degenerate primers that amplify the core region of most begomovirus coat protein genes (P. Martínez-Culebras, M. I. Font, and C. Jordá, unpublished). A 560-bp DNA fragment was amplified in these symptomatic melon samples. Three of the PCR products were sequenced and each showed 99% identity with the Melon chlorotic leaf curl virus isolate from Guatemala (GenBank Accession No. AF325497). Only one mixed infection of MNSV and MCLCV was found. During the four years subsequent to 1999, the number of melon plants showing both types of symptoms has increased. This study provides information on the current status of virus diseases in melon crops in Guatemala, and to our knowledge, this is the first report of MNSV in Guatemala. Reference: (1) B. Gosalvez et al. J. Virol. Methods 113:87.

Lentiviral vectors have become an important and efficient molecular biology tool to integrate foreign DNA into target genomes. These vectors have been previously used in our laboratory to make cloned transgenic fetuses expressing short-hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting the caprine prion mRNA (Golding et al. 2006 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103, 5285-5290) and bovine myostatin mRNA. Specially designed shRNAs have a robust ability to decrease protein expression by initiating a mRNA destruction pathway or by translational inhibition. However, initial experiments targeting foot and mouth (FMDV) viral RNA have indicated that polymerase (Pol) II promoters may be unable to produce enough mature shRNA particles to significantly knock down viral replication in vitro. The goal of this research project was to identify and utilize bovine Pol III promoters to express shRNAs in lentiviral vectors and to express multiple unique shRNAs from a single lentiviral vector using different Pol III promoters. This goal is particularly important to the successful reduction of FMDV replication in a cell, as it limits random mutations from escaping the shRNA-mediated viral genome destruction. The 3 bovine Pol III promoters we selected were 7sk, U6-2, and H1. They were individually amplified from the same genomic DNA preparation. The promoters were inserted immediately upstream of our shRNA expression sequence, resulting in lentiviral vectors designated GT-b7sk, GT-bU6-2, and GT-bH1.To confirm that the promoters were functional, a luciferase reporter assay was performed in HEK 293T cells, where each vector expressed either a shRNA targeting luciferase (luc) or a non-specific shRNA.All promoters expressing luc shRNA resulted in significant reduction of luciferase activity between 68 and 80% compared with non-targeting controls. In addition, there was no significant difference between Pol III promoters when analyzing reduced luciferase activity. In the second phase of the study, we developed 7 unique combinations of 2 or 3 Pol III shRNA expression cassettes to test individual shRNA function with one shRNA designed to target luciferase and the others non-targeting. In multiple Pol III expression constructs, the U6-2 and 7sk promoters resulted in the greatest reduction of luciferase activity at 89 and 95%, respectively. In addition, luciferase activity was reduced to the greatest extent when the luc shRNA was expressed from the second (82%) or third (87%) Pol III cassette. Overall, bovine Pol III-based promoters are effective at expressing shRNAs from a lentiviral vector. In addition, multiple Pol III shRNA expression cassettes can be inserted into a single lentiviral vector and still achieve significant reduction of target protein. These vectors will be used to create transgenic cattle and pigs that express multiple shRNAs targeting the FMDV genome with hopes of creating animals that are resistant to FMDV.

ABSTRACTFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) remains one of the most devastating livestock diseases around the world. Several serotype-specific vaccine formulations exist, but they require about 5 to 7 days to induce protective immunity. Our previous studies have shown that a constitutively active fusion protein of porcine interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (IRF) 7 and 3 [IRF7/3(5D)] strongly induced type I IFN and antiviral genesin vitroand prevented mortality in an FMD mouse model when delivered with a replication-defective adenoviral vector [Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D)]. Here, we demonstrate that pigs treated with 108, 109, or 1010PFU of Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) 24 h before FMDV challenge were fully protected from FMD clinical signs and did not develop viremia, virus shedding or antibodies against FMDV nonstructural proteins. Pigs treated with Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) had higher levels of IFN and antiviral activity in serum, and upregulated expression of several IFN-stimulated genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, compared to pigs treated with Ad5-Blue vector control. Importantly, treatment of porcine cultured cells with Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) inhibited the replication of all 7 FMDV serotypes.In vitroexperiments using cultured embryonic fibroblasts derived from IFN receptor knockout mice suggested that the antiviral response induced by Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) was dependent on type I and III IFN pathways; however, experiments with mice demonstrated that a functional type I IFN pathway mediates Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) protection conferredin vivo. Our studies demonstrate that inoculation with Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) completely protects swine against FMD by inducing a strong type I IFN response and highlights its potential application to rapidly and effectively prevent FMDV replication and dissemination.IMPORTANCEFoot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a fast-spreading disease that affects farm animals, with economically and socially devastating consequences. Our study shows that inoculation with a constitutively active transcription factor, namely, a fusion protein of porcine interferon (IFN) regulatory factors (IRF) 7 and 3 delivered by an adenovirus vector [Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D)], is a new effective treatment to prevent FMD in swine. Animals pretreated with Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) 1 day before being exposed to FMDV were completely protected from viral replication and clinical disease. It is noteworthy that the doses of Ad5-poIRF7/3(5D) required for protection are lower than those previously reported for similar approaches using Ad5 vectors delivering type I, II, or III IFN, suggesting that this novel strategy would be economically appealing to counteract FMD. Our results also indicate that a dynamic interplay among different components of pigs' innate immune defenses allows potent antiviral effects after Ad5-poIF7/3(5D) administration.

Stroke represents a major health problem in our society. One of the effects of stroke is foot drop. Foot drop (FD) is a weakness that occurs in specific muscles in the ankle and foot such as the anterior tibialis, gastrocnemius, plantaris and soleus muscles. Foot flexion and extension are normally generated by lower motor neurons (LMN). The affected muscles impact the ankle and foot in both downward and upward motions. One possible solution for FD is to investigate the movement based on the bio signal (myoelectric signal) of the muscles. Bio signal control systems like electromyography (EMG) are used for rehabilitation devices that include foot drop. One of these systems is function electrical stimulation (FES). This paper proposes new methods and algorithms to develop the performance of myoelectric pattern recognition (M-PR), to improve automated rehabilitation devices, to test these methodologies in offline and real-time experimental datasets. Label classifying is a predictive data mining application with multiple applications in the world, including automatic labeling of resources such as videos, music, images and texts. We combine the label classification method with the self-advised support vector machine (SA-SVM) to create an adapted and altered label classification method, named the label self-advised support vector machine (LSA-SVM). For the experimental data, we collected data from foot drop patients using the sEMG device, in the Metro Rehabilitation Hospital in Sydney, Australia using Ethical Approval (UTS HREC NO. ETH15-0152). The experimental results for the EMG dataset and benchmark datasets exhibit its benefits. Furthermore, the experimental results on UCI datasets indicate that LSA-SVM achieves the best performance when working together with SA-SVM and SVM. This paper describes the state-of-the-art procedures for M-PR and studies all the conceivable structures.