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Journal articles on the topic 'Vector Modulator'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 July 2024

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1

Yang, Zhixian, Kun Qu, and Xiang Liu. "Frequency-Octupling Millimeter-Wave Optical Vector Signal Generation via an I/Q Modulator-Based Sagnac Loop." Symmetry 11, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11010084.

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A new method for generating frequency-octupling millimeter-wave (mm-wave) vector signals in optical fields via a Sagnac loop is proposed. In this scheme, two orthogonally polarized fourth order sidebands can be obtained through an integrated dual-polarization quadrature phase shift keying (DP-QPSK) modulator. The two optical sidebands are sent into an I/Q modulator-based Sagnac loop. The I/Q modulator is modulated by a 16QAM baseband signal. In the Sagnac loop, one of the sidebands is modulated by the baseband vector signal along one direction, and the other sideband is unmodulated along the opposite direction because the I/Q modulator has the traveling-wave nature. Thanks to this modulation property and the symmetrical structure of the Sagnac loop, a frequency-octupling mm-wave vector signal that is free from interband beating and fiber chromatic dispersion interference can be generated by the photodetector (PD). After simulating a 20 km single-mode fiber (SMF) transmission, the generated frequency-octupling vector signal was good in function.

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2

Cabrera-Hernández, Edith Annette, Josep Parron, and Alan Tennant. "On the Implementation of a Dynamic Direction Modulation System with Vector Modulators." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9784252.

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Dynamic directional modulation (DDM) has already proven to be an efficient technique to achieve physical layer security in wireless communications. System architectures based on vector modulators provide a flexible framework to implement synthesis methods that allow us to obtain increased security and/or independent multichannel transmissions. However, the implementation of DDM with vector modulators requires an accurate calibration (amplitude and phase) of every component in the RF path. In this contribution, we study the sensitivity of the response of a DDM system based on commercial vector modulators showing how to correct the nonideal behavior of all the components thanks to the flexibility provided by the vector modulator.

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3

Liu, Baoju, Shao Qi, Haifeng Hu, Zejun Sun, Shiming Qin, Peng Yu, and Dongfei Wang. "A Novel Frequency Double Vector Millimeter Wave Signal Generation Scheme Based on a Single Polarization Modulator With Precoding." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 17, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 1256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2022.3307.

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In the work, we employed a single polarization modulator to achieve double frequency vector millimeter wave (mm-wave) signal generation scheme with optical carrier suppression (OCS), which just depend on a polarization modulator and two linear polarizers, and electronic circuits is needless to control the drift of modulator bias points and no optical filters is needed to filter out undesirable harmonics. In this scheme, we set up a simulation platform to generate 40 GHz QPSK modulated vector millimeter-wave signals and analyzed the performance. The results showed when the input power for the generated 10-Gbit/s vector millimeter-wave into PD is not less than −23 dBm, the bit-error ratio could be below 3.8×10−3, which demonstrated that the generated vector millimeter-wave signal enabled by our proposed scheme could work well.

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4

Di Alessio, F. L., and A. D'Orazio. "Subharmonically pumped direct vector modulator." Electronics Letters 39, no. 1 (2003): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20030051.

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5

Kpogla, D. K. A., C. Y. Ng, and I. D. Robertson. "Shifted-quadrant microwave vector modulator." Electronics Letters 39, no. 14 (2003): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20030696.

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6

Zhang, Min, Jun Xu, and Xin Kai Cheng. "A 34 to 36 GHz Vector Modulator for Reflected Power Canceller Techniques in LFMCW Radar." Applied Mechanics and Materials 40-41 (November 2010): 283–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.40-41.283.

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In this paper, a 34 to 36 GHz vector modulator for using in low cost and high performance RPC (Reflected Power Canceller) is presented. The key circuit consists of two push-pull (bi-phase) attenuators arranged in phase quadrature and a 3dB quadrature coupler (branch line couplers but not Lange couplers which is different from traditional circuits in Ka band) and a Wilkinson combiner, and then transition from micro-strip to waveguide using antipodal finline. To fully exploit this circuit’s capacity to generate accurate constellations at millimeter-wave frequencies, a generalized theoretical analysis of the (push-pull) vector modulator is presented. Based on the theoretical model and the measured results, the I-Q (push-pull) vector modulator promises to be a vital component for the realization of reflected power canceller in LFMCW (Linear Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave) radar.

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7

Gulko, V. L., and A. A. Mescheryakov. "Using a rotating quarter-wave phase plate in polarization-modulation methods for determining the roll and bearing angles of an aircraft." Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Fizika, no. 3 (2021): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/00213411/64/3/92.

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A polarization-modulation method for simultaneous determination of the navigation parameters of the bearing and roll of an aircraft from orthogonally linearly polarized beacon signals is studied. Signals are emitted simultaneously from two spatially separated points in the horizontal plane with known coordinates. On Board the aircraft, the resulting vector signals are received by the onboard receiving antenna, in the path of which a polarizing modulator is installed. A rotating section of a circular waveguide with a quarter-wave phase plate embedded inside is used as a polarizing modulator. The bearing and roll of the aircraft are estimated at the output of a single-channel receiver, respectively, by the amplitudes and phases of the second and fourth harmonics of the polarization modulation frequency contained in the envelope spectrum of the received resulting vector signals.

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8

Zhu, Wenxu, Feilong Gao, Qianqian Fu, Xinlong Zhou, Yiyan Xie, Bingyuan Zhang, and Santosh Kumar. "Multi-Mode Vector Light Field Generation Using Modified Off-Axis Interferometric Holography and Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulators." Photonics 11, no. 1 (December 29, 2023): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics11010033.

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The increasing enhancement in the modulation accuracy of spatial light modulators has garnered significant attention towards real-time control technology for light fields based on these modulators. It has been demonstrated that this technology possesses a remarkable capability to generate vector beams with arbitrary complex amplitude distributions. Nevertheless, past studies indicate that the generation of only one vector beam at a time has been observed. The simultaneous generation of numerous vector light fields can give rise to several challenges, including compromised picture quality, limited single-mode operation, and intricate optical path configurations. In pursuit of this objective, we present a novel methodology that integrates the coding methodology of modified off-axis interferometric holography with the idea of optical superposition. This technique facilitates the concurrent generation of several vector beams. In this study, we present a demonstration of the simultaneous creation of twelve vector beams using a single spatial light modulator (SLM) as a proof of concept. Significantly, this technology has the ability to generate an unlimited quantity of vector light fields concurrently under the assumption that the resolution of the SLM does not impose any limitations. The findings indicate that the imaging quality achieved by this technology is of a high standard. Furthermore, it is possible to separately control the beam waist radius, topological charge, polarization order, and extra phase of each beam.

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9

Chen, Long, Qian Yu, and Jiajun Liu. "Multifrequency Vector Mm-Wave Signal Generation with No Optical Filtering Based on One Dual-Arm MZM with Phase Factor Optimization." Photonics 10, no. 7 (June 28, 2023): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10070747.

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In order to reduce the number of devices in and cost of a multifrequency vector millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signal generation system, we propose a novel scheme for multifrequency vector mm-wave signal generation based on one dual-arm Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) without optical filtering. This scheme utilizes the carrier suppression modulation of a single modulator, without the need for optical filtering and combines precoding technology to generate high-frequency QPSK and 16 QAM mm-wave signals. The transmitter is applied with precoding technology to make the frequency multiplying vector mm-wave signal display regular vector modulation at the receiver, and the system is optimized with a phase factor to ensure that the phase distribution of QPSK signal at the receiver is symmetrical. We demonstrated the generation of 4-Gbaud 76 GHz QPSK and 16 QAM vector mm-wave signals through simulation. The simulation results show that, at a fiber transmission distance of 12 km, when the launched optical power of the PD is greater than −20.535 dBm, the bit error ratio (BER) of the QPSK signal is lower than the hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) threshold of 3.8 × 10−3. At a fiber transmission distance of 10 km, when the launched optical power of the PD is greater than −18.637 dBm, the BER of 16 QAM signal is also lower than 3.8 × 10−3.

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10

Wang, Junjie, Mingbo Pu, Jinjin Jin, Fei Zhang, Ling Liu, Weijie Kong, Xiong Li, Yinghui Guo, and Xiangang Luo. "Generation of A Space-Variant Vector Beam with Catenary-Shaped Polarization States." Materials 15, no. 8 (April 18, 2022): 2940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15082940.

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We demonstrate the generation of a space-variant vector beam with catenary-shaped polarization states based on the polarization interferometry. With a spatial light modulator and a common path interferometric configuration, two orthogonally circularly polarized beams with different phase modulation overlap each other, yielding the vector beams. In addition, the polarization states of this vector beam are scalable to the arbitrary spatial distribution because of its great flexibility and universal applicability. It is expected that this vector beam may have many potential and intriguing applications in the micro/nano material processing, liquid crystal elements fabrication and optical micro-manipulation, and so on.

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11

Corral, Juan L., Rakesh Sambaraju, Miguel A. Piqueras, and Valentín Polo. "Generation of pure electrical quadrature amplitude modulation with photonic vector modulator." Optics Letters 33, no. 12 (June 5, 2008): 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.33.001294.

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12

Tsung-Po Chen. "Dual-Modulator Compensation Technique for Parallel Inverters Using Space-Vector Modulation." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 56, no. 8 (August 2009): 3004–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2009.2022515.

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13

Tsai, Li-Fan, Jau-Horng Chen, and Yi-Jan Emery Chen. "A CMOS Full-Cycle Mixing Vector Modulator." IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 26, no. 10 (October 2016): 825–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lmwc.2016.2605455.

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14

Grajal, J., J. Gismero, and M. Mahfoudi. "MMIC vector modulator for a crossbar BFN." Electronics Letters 32, no. 13 (1996): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19960797.

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15

Blas, J. M., and J. I. Alonso. "Low cost wideband I-Q vector modulator." Electronics Letters 33, no. 1 (1997): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19970031.

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16

Gonzalez-Prieto, Angel, Ignacio Gonzalez-Prieto, Mario J. Duran, Juan Carrillo-Rios, Juan J. Aciego, and Pedro Salas-Biedma. "Proportional Usage of Low-Level Actions in Model Predictive Control for Six-Phase Electric Drives." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 19, 2021): 4358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144358.

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Finite Control-Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) appears as an interesting alternative to regulate multiphase electric drives, thanks to inherent advantages such as its capability to include new restrictions and fast-transient response. Nevertheless, in industrial applications, FCS-MPC is typically discarded to control multiphase motors because the absence of a modulation stage produces a high harmonic content. In this regard, multi-vectorial approaches are an innovative solution to improve the electric drive performance taking advantage of the implicit modulator flexibility of Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategies. This work proposes the definition of a new multi-vectorial set of control actions formed by a couple of adjacent large voltage vectors and a null voltage vector with an adaptative application ratio. The combination of two large voltage vectors provides minimum x-y current injection whereas the application of a null voltage vector reduces the active voltage production. Moreover, the optimum selection of the null voltage vector for each couple of large voltage vectors permits reducing the switching frequency. On the other hand, the active application time for this couple is estimated through an analytic function based on the operating point. This procedure avoids the use of an iterative process to define the duty cycles, hence significatively decreasing the computational burden.

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17

Hu, Haifeng, Baoju Liu, and Dongfei Wang. "A New Photonic Scheme for Precoding-Free Vector Millimeter Wave Signal Generation Based on a Dual Parallel Phase Modulator." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 17, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 1564–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2022.3347.

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We proposed and verified a simple precoding-less scheme to generate quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulated vector millimeter-wave signal based on a dual parallel phase modulators (PM). The electrical vector data was first up-converted to achieve a 12 GHz radio frequency (RF) vector signal, then the RF vector signal was added with the other unmodulated RF source at 18 GHz, of which the generations were enabled by a digital signal processing (DSP). Next, the coupled RF source drove a PM to generate multi-frequency optical sidebands. A wavelength selective switch was adopted to pick out two optical sidebands at different frequencies which would beat frequency in the photodetector (PD). In this scheme, we set up a simulation platform to generate 48 GHz QPSK modulated vector millimeter-wave signals and analyzed the performance. The results showed when the input power for the generated 1-Gbaud/s vector millimeter-wave into PD is not less than −18 dBm, the bit-error ratio could be below 3.8×10−3, which demonstrated that the generated vector millimeter-wave signal enabled by our proposed scheme could work well.

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18

McPherson, D. S., and S. Lucyszyn. "Vector modulator for W-band software radar techniques." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 49, no. 8 (2001): 1451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/22.939926.

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19

Sorace, R. "Digital-to-RF conversion for a vector modulator." IEEE Transactions on Communications 48, no. 4 (April 2000): 540–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.843119.

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20

Tseng, R., A. S. Y. Poon, and Yun Chiu. "A Mixed-Signal Vector Modulator for Eigenbeamforming Receivers." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 55, no. 5 (May 2008): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2007.912732.

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21

Cao, Yuxiong, Danyu Wu, Gaopeng Chen, Zhi Jin, and Xinyu Liu. "Ka-band IQ vector modulator employing GaAs HBTs." Journal of Semiconductors 32, no. 6 (June 2011): 065005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/32/6/065005.

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22

Jang, Dong-Hee, Kyung-Joon Cho, Sang-Hee Kim, Ji-Yeon Kim, Jong-Heon Kim, and Shawn P. Stapleton. "Analog predistorter using a Cartesian vector modulator structure." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 43, no. 4 (2004): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.20465.

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23

Listwan, Jacek, and Piotr Oleszczyszyn. "Analysis of the Drive of the Electric Vehicle with Six-Phase Induction Motor." Power Electronics and Drives 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 252–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pead-2023-0017.

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Abstract The article presents the analysis of the drive system of the electric vehicle with a six-phase induction motor. The mathematical models of the six-phase induction motor and model reference adaptive system (MRASF) estimator are presented, and the description of the voltage source inverter, space vector modulator and bidirectional buck–boost converter is shown. The direct field-oriented control (DFOC) system and the direct torque control with space vector modulation (DTC-SVM) system are analysed. Results of simulation studies of these control methods and comparative analysis are shown. The DTC-SVM method is selected as the method with the best properties, and a full model of the electric vehicle drive system is built using this method. The detailed description of the drive system of the electric vehicle with a six-phase induction motor and DTC-SVM control system and the results of simulation tests for this drive system are presented. The aim of the authors and an element of novelty is to develop and test a drive system for an electric vehicle with a six-phase induction motor, adaptive speed estimator and extensive space vector modulator.

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24

Sanusi, Syamim, Auzani Jidin, Tole Sutikno, Kasrul Abdul Karim, Mohd Luqman Jamil, and Siti Azura Ahmad Tarusan. "Implementation of Space Vector Modulator for Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverters." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 6, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v6.i4.pp906-918.

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The Space Vector Modulation (SVM) technique has gained wide acceptance for many AC drive applications, due to a higher DC bus voltage utilization (higher output voltage when compared with the SPWM), lower harmonic distortions and easy digital realization. In recent years, the SVM technique was extensively adopted in multilevel inverters since it offers greater numbers of switching vectors for obtaining further improvements of AC drive performances. However, the use of multilevel inverters associated with SVM increases the complexity of control algorithm (or computational burden), in obtaining proper switching sequences and vectors. The complexity of SVM computation causes a microcontroller or digital signal processor (DSP) to execute the computation at a larger sampling time. This consequently may produce errors in computation and hence degrades the control performances of AC motor drives. This paper presents a developement of SVM modulator for three-level Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CHMI) using a hybrid controller approach, i.e. with combination between the DS1104 Controller Board and FPGA. In such way, the computational burden can be minimized as the SVM tasks are distributed into two parts, in which every part is executed by a single controller. This allows the generation of switching gates performed by FPGA at the minimum sampling time 〖DT〗_2=540 ns to obtain precise desired output voltages, as can be verified via simulation and experimental results.

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Aisyah, Nabilah, Maaspaliza Azri, Auzani Jidin, M. Z. Aihsan, and MHN Talib. "A New Optimal DTC Switching Strategy for Open-End Windings Induction Machine using Dual Inverter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 1405. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v12.i3.pp1405-1412.

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<span>Since the early 1980s, fast torque dynamic control has been a subject of research in AC drives. To achieve superior torque dynamic control, two major techniques are used, namely Field Oriented Control (FOC) and Direct Torque Control (DTC), spurred on by rapid advances in embedded computing systems. Both approaches employ the space vector modulation (SVM) technique to perform the voltage source inverter into over modulation region for producing the fastest torque dynamic response. However, the motor current tends to increase beyond its limit (which can damage the power switches) during the torque dynamic condition, due to inappropriate flux level (i.e. at rated stator flux). Moreover, the torque dynamic response will be slower, particularly at high speed operations since the increase of stator flux will produce negative torque slopes more often. The proposed research aims to formulate an optimal switching modulator and produce the fastest torque dynamic response. In formulating the optimal switching modulator, the effects of selecting different voltage vectors on torque dynamic responses will be investigated. With greater number of voltage vectors offered in dual inverters, the identification of the most optimal voltage vectors for producing the fastest torque dynamic responses will be carried out based on the investigation. The main benefit of the proposed strategy is that it provides superior fast torque dynamic response which is the main requirements for many AC drive applications, e.g. traction drives, electric transportations and vehicles.</span>

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26

Guo, Cheng-Shan, Zhen-Yu Rong, and Shu-Zhen Wang. "Double-channel vector spatial light modulator for generation of arbitrary complex vector beams." Optics Letters 39, no. 2 (January 15, 2014): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.39.000386.

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27

Yuan, Zhi. "A Neural Network Based Space-Vector PWM Controller for Motor Drive." Advanced Materials Research 816-817 (September 2013): 1002–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.816-817.1002.

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This paper proposed an artificial neural network (ANN) based space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) for motor drive which fully covers the undermodulation and overmodulation regions. A neural network has the advantage of very fast implementation of an SVPWM algorithm that can increase the converter switching frequency, particularly when a dedicated application-specific integrated circuit chip is used in the modulator. Finally, in the environment of MATLAB/Simulink with the Neural Network Toolbox builds the simulation model of system with proposed ANN-SVPWM controller. The simulation results show that the performances of the motor drive with artificial-neural-network-based SVPWM are excellent.

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28

Moret, Boris, Nathalie Deltimple, Eric Kerhervé, Baudouin Martineau, and Didier Belot. "A 60 GHz reconfigurable active phase shifter based on a vector modulator in 65 nm CMOS technology." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 8, no. 3 (March 10, 2016): 399–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078716000167.

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This paper presents a 60 GHz reconfigurable active phase shifter based on a vector modulator implemented in 65 nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology. This circuit is based on the recombination of two differential paths in quadrature. The proposed vector modulator allows us to generate a phase shift between 0° and 360°. The voltage gain varies between −13 and −9 dB in function of the phase shift generated with a static consumption between 26 and 63 mW depending on its configuration.

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29

Leon, Jose I., Sergio Vazquez, Juan A. Sanchez, Ramon Portillo, Leopoldo G. Franquelo, Juan M. Carrasco, and Eugenio Dominguez. "Conventional Space-Vector Modulation Techniques Versus the Single-Phase Modulator for Multilevel Converters." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 57, no. 7 (July 2010): 2473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2009.2034674.

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30

Sarti, Samanta, Raffaella De Paolo, Chiara Ippolito, Angela Pucci, Letizia Pitto, and Laura Poliseno. "Inducible modulation of miR-204 levels in a zebrafish melanoma model." Biology Open 9, no. 11 (October 9, 2020): bio053785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/bio.053785.

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ABSTRACTHere, we present miniCoopR-I, an inducible upgrade of the constitutive miniCoopR vector. We developed miniCoopR-I-sponge-204 and miniCoopR-I-pre-miR-204 vectors and we successfully tested them for their ability to achieve time- (embryo/juvenile/adult) and space- (melanocytic lineage) restricted inhibition/overexpression of miR-204, a positive modulator of pigmentation previously discovered by us. Furthermore, melanoma-free survival curves performed on induced fish at the adult stage indicate that miR-204 overexpression accelerates the development of BRAFV600E-driven melanoma. miniCoopR-I allows study of the impact that coding and non-coding modulators of pigmentation exert on melanomagenesis in adult zebrafish, uncoupling it from the impact that they exert on melanogenesis during embryonic development.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.

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McPherson, D. S., Hwa-Chang Seo, Young-Lae Jing, and S. Lucyszyn. "110 GHz vector modulator for adaptive software-controlled transmitters." IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 11, no. 1 (January 2001): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/7260.905954.

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32

Ono, Motoharu, Kayo Yamada, Fabio Avolio, Michelle S. Scott, Silvana van Koningsbruggen, Geoffrey J. Barton, and Angus I. Lamond. "Analysis of Human Small Nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA) and the Development of snoRNA Modulator of Gene Expression Vectors." Molecular Biology of the Cell 21, no. 9 (May 2010): 1569–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e10-01-0078.

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Human small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) that copurify with nucleoli isolated from HeLa cells have been characterized. Novel fibrillarin-associated snoRNAs were detected that allowed the creation of a new vector system for the targeted knockdown of one or more genes in mammalian cells. The snoMEN (snoRNA modulator of gene expressioN) vector technology is based on snoRNA HBII-180C, which contains an internal sequence that can be manipulated to make it complementary to RNA targets. Gene-specific knockdowns are demonstrated for endogenous cellular proteins and for G/YFP-fusion proteins. Multiplex snoMEN vectors coexpress multiple snoRNAs in one transcript, targeted either to different genes or to different sites in the same gene. Protein replacement snoMEN vectors can express a single transcript combining cDNA for a tagged protein with introns containing cognate snoRNAs targeted to knockdown the endogenous cellular protein. We foresee applications for snoMEN vectors in basic gene expression research, target validation, and gene therapy.

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33

Priya, B., and J. Arputha Vijaya Selvi. "Harmonic Analysis of Multilevel Multiphase Space Vector Pulse Width Modulator for Over Modulation Region." Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities 6, no. 10 (2016): 1877. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7315.2016.01136.9.

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34

Mankong, Ukrit, Praimezt Mekbungwan, Keizo Inagaki, and Tetsuya Kawanishi. "Vector Modulation by Laser and Electroabsorption Modulator With Digital Pre-Coding and Pre-Compensation." Journal of Lightwave Technology 36, no. 19 (October 2018): 4633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2018.2846790.

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35

Middlebrooks, John C. "Cochlear-Implant High Pulse Rate and Narrow Electrode Configuration Impair Transmission of Temporal Information to the Auditory Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 100, no. 1 (July 2008): 92–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01114.2007.

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In the most commonly used cochlear prosthesis systems, temporal features of sound are signaled by amplitude modulation of constant-rate pulse trains. Several convincing arguments predict that speech reception should be optimized by use of pulse rates ≳2,000 pulses per second (pps) and by use of intracochlear electrode configurations that produce restricted current spread (e.g., bipolar rather than monopolar configurations). Neither of those predictions has been borne out in consistent improvements in speech reception. Neurons in the auditory cortex of anesthetized guinea pigs phase lock to the envelope of sine-modulated electric pulse trains presented through a cochlear implant. The present study used that animal model to quantify the effects of carrier pulse rate, electrode configuration, current level, and modulator wave shape on transmission of temporal information from a cochlear implant to the auditory cortex. Modulation sensitivity was computed using a signal-detection analysis of cortical phase-locking vector strengths. Increasing carrier pulse rate in 1-octave steps from 254 to 4,069 pps resulted in systematic decreases in sensitivity. Comparison of sine- versus square-wave modulator waveforms demonstrated that some, but not all, of the loss of modulation sensitivity at high pulse rates was a result of the decreasing size of pulse-to-pulse current steps at the higher rates. Use of a narrow bipolar electrode configuration, compared with the monopolar configuration, produced a marked decrease in modulation sensitivity. Results from this animal model suggest explanations for the failure of high pulse rates and/or bipolar electrode configurations to produce hoped-for improvements in speech reception.

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Halder, Amit, Md Riyad Tanshen, Khandakar Ahammad Ali, Fauzia Khan Juthy, Md Younus Ali, and Nusrat Jahan. "Performance Analysis of 16-FSK Modulator and Demodulator Over Rician Fading Channel by Varying Channel Parameters." Asian Journal of Basic Science & Research 05, no. 02 (2023): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.38177/ajbsr.2023.5209.

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This article presents a comprehensive analysis of a 16-FSK modulator and demodulator's performance over a Rician fading channel, which accurately models wireless communication channels with line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight components. The study investigates the impact of various parameters, including the Rician K-factor, Maximum Diffuse Doppler Shift, and Delay Vector, using the MATLAB Simulink communication blockset. The results indicate that increasing the K-factor and delay vector of the channel leads to an improvement in bit error rate. Additionally, it is observed that the maximum diffuse Doppler shift has minimal influence on the bit error rate. These findings provide valuable insights into optimizing the performance of 16-FSK modulation schemes in Rician fading channels, thereby enhancing the design and deployment of wireless communication systems.

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37

Janaszek, M. "Structures of vector control of n-phase motor drives based on generalized Clarke transformation." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 64, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 865–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2016-0094.

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Abstract The paper presents vector control structures for n-phase AC motors derived from generalized Clarke transformation. In contrast to known works, where authors operate on generalized formulas of the Clarke transformation, in this work, only a number of actually used phases, of mostly industrial purposes, are considered (n = 5, 6, 2×3). This allows to perform control calculations in stationary orthogonal coordinates aβ or rotating dq. There are implementations of different control strategies: ROC (rotor-oriented control) or FOC (field-oriented control). Next, the paper presents the novel concept of a voltage modulator designed for multi-phase drive systems. Operation of the modulator is based on the extended Clarke transformation for multiphase systems. A mathematical model of the multiphase voltage modulator, operating in open-loop and closed-loop current control has been presented. Some selected oscillograms of voltage and current waveform, which illustrate properties of proposed control structures have been presented.

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Kutinlahti, Veli-Pekka, Anu Lehtovuori, and Ville Viikari. "Optimizing RF Efficiency of a Vector-Modulator-Driven Antenna Array." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 19, no. 12 (December 2020): 2507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2020.3037755.

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Wagner, J., N. Joram, R. Wolf, and F. Ellinger. "Broadband inductorless vector modulator IC for localisation and communication systems." Electronics Letters 51, no. 10 (May 2015): 767–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2015.0343.

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Bernstein, R. W., and C. F. Heide. "Optimisation of signal phase split in vector modulator phase shifters." IEE Proceedings - Circuits, Devices and Systems 141, no. 3 (1994): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-cds:19949902.

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Jemison, W. D., A. J. Kreuzberger, and E. Funk. "Microwave photonic vector modulator for high-speed wireless digital communications." IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 12, no. 4 (April 2002): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/7260.993289.

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Wang, Chao, and Jungang Miao. "Implementation and broadband calibration of a multichannel vector modulator module." IET Science, Measurement & Technology 11, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-smt.2016.0072.

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Kazi, Mohiyuddin, Samir Ghosh, Masakazu Sugiyama, and Yoshiaki Nakano. "Offset-Quantum-Well-Based Integrated Stokes Vector Modulator on InP." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 31, no. 15 (August 1, 2019): 1233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2019.2923102.

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Ciccognani, Walter, Mauro Ferrari, Franco Giannini, and Ernesto Limiti. "A novel broadband MMIC vector modulator for V-band applications." International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 20, no. 1 (December 1, 2009): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmce.20405.

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Marquez Loza, Laura, Eric Yuen, and Paul McCray. "Lentiviral Vectors for the Treatment and Prevention of Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease." Genes 10, no. 3 (March 14, 2019): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10030218.

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Despite the continued development of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator drugs for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF), the need for mutation agnostic treatments remains. In a sub-group of CF individuals with mutations that may not respond to modulators, such as those with nonsense mutations, CFTR gene transfer to airway epithelia offers the potential for an effective treatment. Lentiviral vectors are well-suited for this purpose because they transduce nondividing cells, and provide long-term transgene expression. Studies in primary cultures of human CF airway epithelia and CF animal models demonstrate the long-term correction of CF phenotypes and low immunogenicity using lentiviral vectors. Further development of CF gene therapy requires the investigation of optimal CFTR expression in the airways. Lentiviral vectors with improved safety features have minimized insertional mutagenesis safety concerns raised in early clinical trials for severe combined immunodeficiency using γ-retroviral vectors. Recent clinical trials using improved lentiviral vectors support the feasibility and safety of lentiviral gene therapy for monogenetic diseases. While work remains to be done before CF gene therapy reaches the bedside, recent advances in lentiviral vector development reviewed here are encouraging and suggest it could be tested in clinical studies in the near future.

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Sung, Eun-Taek, Seunghun Wang, and Songcheol Hong. "A 60-GHz Polar Vector Modulator With Lookup Table-Based Calibration." IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 31, no. 6 (June 2021): 572–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lmwc.2021.3073178.

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Zheng, Qin, Yongheng Shang, Zhiyu Wang, Jiarui Liu, Min Zhou, Xiuqin Xu, Liping Wang, et al. "A Novel Automated Testing System for a Reflection-type Vector Modulator." Information Technology Journal 13, no. 15 (July 15, 2014): 2475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/itj.2014.2475.2481.

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Alaei, Masoud Abbasi, Andre B. J. Kokkeler, and Pieter-Tjerk De Boer. "Vector Modulator-Based Analog Beamforming Using the Least Euclidean Distance Criterion." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 65411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3074781.

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Guo, Lijiao, Zhiqing Feng, Yating Fu, and Changjun Min. "Generation of vector beams array with a single spatial light modulator." Optics Communications 490 (July 2021): 126915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2021.126915.

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Teotônio, Isabella Márcia Soares Nogueira, Nayra Dias, Luciana Hagström-Bex, Nadjar Nitz, Amanda Fortes Francisco, and Mariana Hecht. "Intestinal microbiota – A modulator of the Trypanosoma cruzi-vector-host triad." Microbial Pathogenesis 137 (December 2019): 103711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103711.

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