Relevant bibliographies by topics / Vector network analyzer (VNA)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Vector network analyzer (VNA)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Vector network analyzer (VNA)"

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Anwar Zainuddin, Ahmad, Anis Nurashikin Nordin, Rosminazuin Ab. Rahim, Aliza Aini Md. Ralib, Sheroz Khan, Cyril Guines, Matthieu Chatras, and Arnaud Pothier. "Verification of Quartz Crystal Microbalance Array using Vector Network Analyzer and OpenQCM." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v10.i1.pp84-93.

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<p>Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) is a device that allows non-destructive measurements of r in situ reaction activities. In this article, an array comprising of six 3MHz QCM sensors in an array were characterized using a vector network analyzer and OpenQCM, a portable measuring instrument that measures change in resonance frequency. Measurements of S21 transmission characteristics using the vector network analyzer provides the resonance frequency and can also be used to derive the RLC equivalent electrical circuit values of a resonant two-port network based on the Butterworth-Van Dyke model. In this work, R<sub>m</sub>, L<sub>m</sub>, C<sub>m</sub> and C<sub>o </sub>were obtained via curve-fitting of the measurement results to the simulated results. Measurements were done in triplicates to verify reproducibility for all 6 sensors. For comparison, measurements were also done using a portable, open-source instrument, OpenQCM. The OpenQCM instrument directly measures changes in resonance frequencies, making it ideal for biosensing experiments, which correlate changes in mass with changes in resonance frequencies. Comparison between resonance frequency measurements using VNA and OpenQCM exhibit low percentage difference 0.2%. This QCM sensor array has the potential of conducting real-time, point-of-care analyses for detection of biological molecules. </p>
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Rolfes, I., B. Will, and B. Schiek. "Calibration-measurement unit for the automation of vector network analyzer measurements." Advances in Radio Science 6 (May 26, 2008): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-6-27-2008.

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Abstract. With the availability of multi-port vector network analyzers, the need for automated, calibrated measurement facilities increases. In this contribution, a calibration-measurement unit is presented which realizes a repeatable automated calibration of the measurement setup as well as a user-friendly measurement of the device under test (DUT). In difference to commercially available calibration units, which are connected to the ports of the vector network analyzer preceding a measurement and which are then removed so that the DUT can be connected, the presented calibration-measurement unit is permanently connected to the ports of the VNA for the calibration as well as for the measurement of the DUT. This helps to simplify the calibrated measurement of complex scattering parameters. Moreover, a full integration of the calibration unit into the analyzer setup becomes possible. The calibration-measurement unit is based on a multiport switch setup of e.g. electromechanical relays. Under the assumption of symmetry of a switch, on the one hand the unit realizes the connection of calibration standards like one-port reflection standards and two-port through connections between different ports and on the other hand it enables the connection of the DUT. The calibration-measurement unit is applicable for two-port VNAs as well as for multiport VNAs. For the calibration of the unit, methods with completely known calibration standards like SOLT (short, open, load, through) as well as self-calibration procedures like TMR or TLR can be applied.
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Anderson, Geoffrey. "Scanning Microwave Microscopy for Nanoscale Electrical Characterization." Microscopy Today 21, no. 6 (November 2013): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929513000965.

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Recently, a highly sensitive imaging mode for, complex, calibrated electrical and spatial measurements was made available to atomic force microscope (AFM) users. Scanning microwave microscopy (SMM), an award-winning AFM mode of operation developed by Agilent Technologies, combines the comprehensive electrical measurement capabilities of a microwave vector network analyzer (VNA) with the nanoscale spatial resolution of an AFM.
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Das, Hangsa Raj, Rajesh Dey, and Sumanta Bhattacharya. "ANALYSIS OF MICRO-STRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR WI-FI APPLICATIONS." Information Management and Computer Science 3, no. 2 (December 7, 2020): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/imcs.02.2020.25.26.

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For the purposes of Wi-Fi applications, the objective of this Rectangular Micro-Strip Patch antenna design. The aim of this research paper is to design, simulate, test and analyses a new form of rectangular micro-stip patch antenna with both RT Duroid and two-feed line substrates. The proposed model consists of the Linear Polarization Moment Process. The latest concept analytical analysis is simulation using the HFSS tool and the ZNB20 vector network analyzer (VNA) is used for experimental validation.
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Wang, Li, and Bo Geng. "Preparation and Electromagnetic Properties of Ferriferrous Oxide/Polyaniline Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 633-634 (September 2014): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.633-634.302.

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By using chemical oxidative polymerization method, ferriferrous oxide/polyaniline (Fe3O4/PANI) composites are successfully synthesized. The composites are characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and vector network analyzer (VNA). With the amount of Fe3O4 increase, the saturation magnetization and remnant magnetization of Fe3O4/PANI composites decrease, while the coercivity remains unchanged. The addition of Fe3O4 makes the reflection loss (RL) of Fe3O4/PANI composites decreases and the microwave absorption increases.
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Abdullah, Bualkar, Sultan Ilyas, and Dahlang Tahir. "Nanocomposites Fe/Activated Carbon/PVA for Microwave Absorber: Synthesis and Characterization." Journal of Nanomaterials 2018 (July 8, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9823263.

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Nanocomposites, activated carbon/polyvinyl alcohol (AC/PVA) filled with Fe to form Fe/AC/PVA, were characterized by using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and vector network analyzer (VNA). The crystal orientations from Fe are (104), (110), and (200) and the bonding formations of AC are O-H, C-H, and C=C show existence in nanocomposites, which may be due to the Fe that has been filled the pore of AC via a chemical bond. 20% AC (3 mm in thickness) in nanocomposites shows higher performance absorption for C-band (4.65 GHz) with maximum reflection loss of −32.5 dB.
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Bin Asrokin, Azhari, and Mohamad Kamal Bin A. Rahim. "Performance Evaluation of Two Port and Four Port Measurement for Twisted Pair Cable." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 2624. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i4.pp2624-2632.

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A balance-unbalance (balun) transformer is commonly used to connect the balance 100 Ohm twisted pair cable to the unbalance 50 Ohm network analyzer ports, but due to the limitations of the core (i.e. ferrite) inside the balun, the balun can only effectively operates at a certain band of frequencies. This limitation can be eliminated by using a 4-port vector network analyzer (VNA) which is done by connecting the VNA’s ports to each conductor end. The extracted S-parameters will then be transformed to a 2-port S-parameters in differential mode at both ports. To validate the measurement technique, S-parameter measurement by using the 4-Port Network Analyzer without any balun will be compared to the measurement which used the 2-Port Network Analyzer with the balun transformers. Two twisted pair cable distances are selected as reference which are 500, and 1000 meters with nominal copper diameter of 0.5mm. Based on the measurement results, the 4-ports measurement shows good correlation with the 2-ports measurement especially at 500m distance. This shows that the 4-ports measurement setup is suitable to be used to measure twisted pair copper cable and possible to measure at a higher frequency band such as up to 500 MHz but at a shorter twisted pair cable distance.
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Schmool, David S., Daniel Markó, Ko-Wei Lin, Aurelio Hierro-Rodríguez, Carlos Quirós, Javier Díaz, Luis Manuel Álvarez-Prado, and Jong-Ching Wu. "Ferromagnetic Resonance Studies in Magnetic Nanosystems." Magnetochemistry 7, no. 9 (September 12, 2021): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry7090126.

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Ferromagnetic resonance is a powerful method for the study of all classes of magnetic materials. The experimental technique has been used for many decades and is based on the excitation of a magnetic spin system via a microwave (or rf) field. While earlier methods were based on the use of a microwave spectrometer, more recent developments have seen the widespread use of the vector network analyzer (VNA), which provides a more versatile measurement system at almost comparable sensitivity. While the former is based on a fixed frequency of excitation, the VNA enables frequency-dependent measurements, allowing more in-depth analysis. We have applied this technique to the study of nanostructured thin films or nanodots and coupled magnetic layer systems comprised of exchange-coupled ferromagnetic layers with in-plane and perpendicular magnetic anisotropies. In the first system, we have investigated the magnetization dynamics in Co/Ag bilayers and nanodots. In the second system, we have studied Permalloy (Ni80Fe20, hereafter Py) thin films coupled via an intervening Al layer of varying thickness to a NdCo film which has perpendicular magnetic anisotropy.
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Adamo, Cristina B., Alexander Flacker, Hercílio M. Cavalcanti, Ricardo C. Teixeira, Antonio L. P. Rotondaro, and Leandro T. Manera. "Development of MCM-D Technology with Photosensitive Benzocyclobutene." Journal of Integrated Circuits and Systems 11, no. 1 (December 28, 2016): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29292/jics.v11i1.426.

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This paper evaluates and compares the development of Multi-Chip Module Deposited (MCM-D) technology using photosensitive benzocyclobutene (BCB) with the non-photosensitive BCB to fabricate passive devices. The polymer was used to isolate the metal/interconnection layers and also as the dielectric for the capacitors. Ni-P/Au was used as the conductor film and Ta2N as the resistor film. The resistors’ sheet resistance was measured with both transfer length method (TLM) and direct measurement while the measurements of the capacitors and inductors required the use of a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and some mathematical algorithms.
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Thaher, Raad H., and Noor Baqir Hassan. "Design of P-shaped microstrip patch antenna for wireless communication systems." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 15, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v15.i2.pp861-869.

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A P-shaped microstrip patch antenna is proposed and studied to obtain operating bandwidth of (5.883-9.9) GHz. Then the antenna is extended by etching slots in the ground plane to be (5.73 – 10.234) GHz and gain varies from 2.809 dBi to 4.947 dBi. The antenna is installed on FR-4 substrate having relative dielectric constant of = 4.3 and loss tangent of 0.02. The antenna size is (30×30×1.6) simulation results were obtained using CST software 2016. The proposed was fabricated and tested by vector network analyzer VNA and noted reasonable agreement between simulated and measured result.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vector network analyzer (VNA)"

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YANG, LIUJING. "The measurement of antenna VSWR by means of a Vector Network Analyzer." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för fysik och elektroteknik (IFE), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-98287.

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The VSWR is an important entity when assessing the properties of an antenna. This report presents measurements of the VSWR, related to antennas, by means of a Vector Network Analyzer. The open/short/load calibration method is used as a preparation before the actual measurement in order to obtain accurate results. The way that the VSWR depends on frequency is illustrated by three measurment methods: direct measurement of the VSWR, by using 𝑆11, or by using the Smith chart. The results are compared and conclusions are drawn.
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Markó, Daniel. "Magnetostatics and Dynamics of Ion Irradiated NiFe/Ta Multilayer Films Studied by Vector Network Analyzer Ferromagnetic Resonance." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-64289.

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In the present work, the implications of ion irradiation on the magnetostatic and dynamic properties of soft magnetic Py/Ta (Py = Permalloy: Ni80Fe20) single and multilayer films have been investigated with the main objective of finding a way to determine their saturation magnetization. Both polar magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) and vector network analyzer ferromagnetic resonance (VNA-FMR) measurements have proven to be suitable methods to determine µ0MS, circumventing the problem of the unknown effective magnetic volume that causes conventional techniques such as SQUID or VSM to fail. Provided there is no perpendicular anisotropy contribution in the samples, the saturation magnetization can be determined even in the case of strong interfacial mixing due to an inherently high number of Py/Ta interfaces and/or ion irradiation with high fluences. Another integral part of this work has been to construct a VNA-FMR spectrometer capable of performing both azimuthal and polar angle-dependent measurements using a magnet strong enough to saturate samples containing iron. Starting from scratch, this comprised numerous steps such as developing a suitable coplanar waveguide design, and writing the control, evaluation, and fitting software. With both increasing ion fluence and number of Py/Ta interfaces, a decrease of saturation magnetization has been observed. In the case of the 10×Py samples, an immediate decrease of µ0MS already sets in at small ion fluences. However, for the 1×Py and 5×Py samples, the saturation magnetization remains constant up to a certain ion fluence, but then starts to rapidly decrease. Ne ion irradiation causes a mixing and broadening of the interfaces. Thus, the Py/Ta stacks undergo a transition from being polycrystalline to amorphous at a critical fluence depending on the number of interfaces. The saturation magnetization is found to vanish at a Ta concentration of about 10–15 at.% in the Py layers. The samples possess a small uniaxial anisotropy, which remains virtually unaffected by the ion fluence, but slightly reduces with an increasing number of Py/Ta interfaces. In addition to magnetostatics, the dynamic properties of the samples have been investigated as well. The Gilbert damping parameter α increases with both increasing number of Py/Ta interfaces and higher ion fluences, with the former having a stronger influence. The inhomogeneous linewidth broadening ΔB0 increases as well with increasing number of Py/Ta interfaces, but slightly decreases for higher ion fluences
In dieser Dissertation ist der Einfluss von Ionenbestrahlung auf die magnetostatischen und dynamischen Eigenschaften von weichmagnetischen Py/Ta-Einzel- und Multilagen (Py = Permalloy: Ni80Fe20) untersucht worden, wobei das Hauptziel gewesen ist, eine Methode zur Bestimmung der Sättigungsmagnetisierung zu finden. Sowohl polare magneto-optische Kerr-Effektmessungen (MOKE) als auch ferromagnetische Resonanzmessungen mittels eines Vektornetzwerkanalysators (VNA-FMR) haben sich als geeignet erwiesen, um µ0MS zu bestimmen, wobei das Problem des unbekannten effektiven magnetischen Volumens umgangen wird, welches bei der Verwendung von Techniken wie SQUID oder VSM auftreten würde. Unter der Voraussetzung, dass die Proben keinen senkrechten magnetischen Anisotropiebeitrag besitzen, kann die Sättigungsmagnetisierung selbst im Fall starker Grenzflächendurchmischung infolge einer großen Anzahl an Py/Ta-Grenzflächen und/oder Ionenbestrahlung mit hohen Fluenzen bestimmt werden. Ein weiterer wesentlicher Bestandteil dieser Arbeit ist die Konstruktion eines VNA-FMR-Spektrometers gewesen, welches vollautomatisiert ist, polare und azimutale Winkelabhängigkeiten messen kann und einen Magneten besitzt, der Proben, die Eisen beinhalten, sättigen kann. Von Grund auf beginnend umfasste dies zahlreiche Schritte wie z. B. die Entwicklung eines geeigneten koplanaren Wellenleiterdesigns sowie das Schreiben von Steuerungs-, Auswertungs- und Fitprogrammen. Mit steigender Fluenz und Zahl an Py/Ta-Grenzflächen ist eine Abnahme der Sättigungsmagnetisierung beobachtet worden. Im Fall der 10×Py-Proben findet diese bereits bei kleinen Fluenzen statt. Im Gegensatz dazu bleibt µ0MS der 1×Py- und 5×Py-Proben bis zu einer bestimmten Fluenz konstant, bevor sie sich dann umso schneller verringert. Die Bestrahlung mit Ne-Ionen verursacht eine Durchmischung und Verbreiterung der Grenzflächen. Infolgedessen erfahren die Py/Ta-Proben bei einer kritischen Fluenz, die von der Zahl der Grenzflächen abhängig ist, einen Phasenübergang von polykristallin zu amorph. Die Sättigungsmagnetisierung verschwindet ab einer Ta-Konzentration von etwa 10–15 Atom-% in den Py-Schichten. Die Proben besitzen eine kleine uniaxiale Anisotropie, die praktisch unbeeinflusst von der Fluenz ist, sich jedoch mit steigender Zahl an Py/Ta-Grenzflächen leicht verringert. Neben den statischen sind auch die dynamischen magnetischen Eigenschaften der Proben untersucht worden. Der Gilbert-Dämpfungsparameter α erhöht sich sowohl mit steigender Zahl an Py/Ta-Grenzflächen als auch mit höheren Fluenzen, wobei Erstere einen größeren Einfluss hat. Die inhomogene Linienverbreiterung ΔB0 nimmt ebenfalls mit steigender Zahl an Py/Ta-Grenzflächen zu, verringert sich jedoch bei größeren Fluenzen leicht
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Johansson, August. "Interlayer exchange coupling in Co/Pd-NiFe films studied by Vector Network Analyser Ferromagnetic Resonance." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/interlayer-exchange-coupling-in-copdnife-films-studied-by-vector-network-analyser-ferromagnetic-resonance(cdb5170e-aa10-43ef-86c7-f61cf8a187f9).html.

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A greater understanding of precessional dynamics in magnetic systems is central to several emerging technologies. This thesis presents the design, construction and development of a Vector Network Analyser based Ferromagnetic Resonance measurement instrument (VNA-FMR), and its application in characterising dynamic material properties in hybrid anisotropy [CoPd]8-NiFe films, produced by remote plasma sputtering. Potential applications for hybrid films include Spin Torque Oscillators (STOs) or Vortex Oscillators (VO) for use as microwave emitters in, for example in Microwave Assisted Magnetic Recording (MAMR). The VNA-FMR system was first used to measure thin films of NiFe (permalloy) which allowed its capabilities to be quantified and compared to systems reported in the literature. The instrument demonstrated the capability of measuring permalloy films down to a thickness of 3 nm and was used to measure resonance and damping behaviour which agreed well with theory. The results obtained forMs were in agreement with measurement using Vibrating Sample Magnetometry. The effect of interlayer exchange on FMR was explored in hybrid films using a sample series with varying Pd spacer layer thickness, t, [Co/Pd]-Pd(t)-NiFe. As Pd spacer thickness increased, a transition was observed from near complete coupling with a single resonance mode to separate acoustic and optical branches of resonance. As spacing was further increased, the branches converged towards the resonances of the individual component layers of the hybrid films. The results suggest exchange coupling has a range of less than 2 nm, and is completely extinguished at 5 nm, in agreement with previous measurements. However, a change in damping behaviour was observed between 10 and 20 nm spacer thickness, independent of field orientation.
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Arafat, Ousman Bechir. "Conception et réalisation des standards de calibrage pour des dispositifs 3-ports à 120°." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSES039/document.

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La caractérisation des composants hyperfréquences après leur fabrication, est généralement réalisée par la mesure de paramètres S à l’aide d’un analyseur vectoriel de réseau (VNA). La précision de mesure dépend étroitement de la qualité du calibrage de l’analyseur vectoriel, qui permet de corriger les erreurs inhérentes au système de mesure. Des composants particuliers, dits étalons ou standards, dont les paramètres sont complètement ou partiellement connus, sont mesurés lors de la procédure de calibrage afin de déterminer les erreurs systématiques du système. La réalisation d’un circulateur coplanaire (les trois ports sont à 120 degrés les uns des autres) travaillant autour de 40 GHz est l’un des axes de recherche du laboratoire depuis plusieurs années et la caractérisation des prototypes a toujours été un souci important. Le calibrage est réalisé avec un kit commercial, avec les pointes positionnées en face à face. La mesure des dispositifs CPW à accès orthogonaux ou obliques après un calibrage avec un ensemble de standards conventionnels (droits) peut engendrer des erreurs supplémentaires. L’objectif de notre travail est donc de concevoir un ensemble de standards à accès inclinés à 120 degrés permettant de calibrer l’analyseur vectoriel « 2-ports » en positionnant directement les pointes à 120 degrés. La méthode de calibrage TRL (THRU – REFLECT - LINE) a été choisie. Le travail à accomplir se résume comme suit : - faire une étude de simulation du nouveau kit de calibrage à concevoir ; - mettre en évidence l’effet des accès coudés sur les lignes de transmission des standards ; - proposer une méthode de calcul qui tient compte de ces effets lors de la procédure de calibrage ; - mesurer quelques échantillons réalisés afin de vérifier la validité de la procédure de calibrage proposée. Les résultats obtenus au cours de ce travail ont pu être validés expérimentalement et offrent de nouvelles perspectives pour la mesure des composants planaires à accès non conventionnels
Microwave components characterization after the fabrication steps is usually performed by measuring S parameters using a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). The measurement accuracy is highly dependent on the quality of the VNA calibration, which corrects the inherent errors in the measurement system. Specific components, called standards and whose parameters are completely or partially known, are measured during the calibration procedure to determine systematic errors of the system. Fabricating a coplanar circulator (the three ports are at 120 degrees position) functioning around 40 GHz is one of the laboratory’s research areas for several years and characterization of prototypes has always been a major concern. Usually, the calibration is made with a commercial kit ; probes are in face-to-face position. Measurements of CPW devices with orthogonal or bended accesses (120 degrees in our case) after VNA calibration with conventional (straight) set of standards may generate additional errors. The aim of our work is to design a set of standards with 120_ bended accesses allowing the calibration of the “2-ports” network analyzer. Therefore, probes are directly set at 120_ position. TRL (THRU - REFLECT -LINE) calibration procedure is chosen for the standards design. The work to be done is as follows : - to make a simulation study of the new calibration kit to design ; - to determine the bended accesses effects on the standards transmission lines ; - to propose a calculation method that takes account of these effects during the calibration procedure ; - to measure some fabricated samples to verify the validity of the proposed calibration procedure. The results of this research work have been experimentally validated and offer new perspectives for measuring planar components with unconventional accesses
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Rodriguez, Ramón. "Network Analyzer Functionality Simulator." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-704.

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The objective of this thesis work was to implement all the hardware and software necessary to simulate the functionality of a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). With equipment that is already available, and is common in a measurement station, the most common functions of a VNA were implemented, using an Vector Signal Generator, that provide the signal for testing, and a Vector Signal Analyzer, to make all the amplitude and phase measurements. With these instruments and the appropriate software that control them, the basic functionality of a Vector Network Analyzer can be achieved with a reasonable accuracy. With this system, we can reduce costs, avoiding the need of a real VNA and take advantage off instruments that are already available in a laboratory. A Complete measurement system of all four scattering parameters is proposed at the end of the report for future implementation. With this implementation all the different S-parameter measurements were made with an acceptable accuracy that can be comparable to a commercial VNA.

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Daniel, John Edward. "Development of enhanced multiport network analyzer calibrations using non-ideal standards." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001392.

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Feng, Tianyang. "Studying Noise Contributions in Nonlinear Vector Network Analyzer (NVNA) Measurements." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-13119.

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Noise contribution in nonlinear systems is very different from that in linear systems. The noise effects in nonlinear systems can be complicated and not obvious to predict. In this thesis, the focus was on the noise contribution in nonlinear systems when measuring with the nonlinear vector network analyzer (NVNA). An additional noise source together with a single sinewave signal was fed into the input of the amplifier and the performance was studied. The input power of the amplifier is considered to be the sum of the noise power and the signal power. The variation of the 1 dB compression point and the third order interception point as functions of the added noise power were studied. From the measured results in this thesis, the 1 dB compression point referred to the output power will decrease when increasing the added noise power at the input of the amplifier. The contribution of the added noise to the 1 dB compression point of an amplifier is considered dual: with the added noise the linear regression lines of the AM/AM curves are changed, and due to hard clipping the useful output power is reduced. As a result of those two effects, the added noise made the compression start at a lower power level. When the added noise reaches a certain level, the 1 dB compression point is hard to measure. Thus when performing nonlinear measurements, the noise effects should be taken into considerations and further studies are required to get better understanding of the system’s behavior in noisy environment.
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Теребов, И. А., and I. A. Terebov. "Разработка программного обеспечения для DIY Vector Network Analyzer : магистерская диссертация." Master's thesis, б. и, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10995/100812.

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Объектом исследования является прибор DIY Vector Network Analyzer UVNA-63. Целью работы является разработка программного обеспечения для DIY Vector Network Analyzer UVNA-63. В данной работе описана разработка программного обеспечения в программе Matlab. Описана работа разработанных функций измерения. Описана работы разработанного графического интерфейса. Доработка методики лабораторных работ. Актуальность работы обоснована отсутствием программного обеспечения для проведения измерений на векторном анализаторе цепей, который имеется в распоряжении кафедры и может быть задействован в учебном процессе. Разработанное ПО позволит проводить измерения, производить калибровку аппарата, сохранять полученные данные в различных форматах, отображать полученные данные на графике и устанавливать маркеры на графике. Область применения является учебная сфера. С помощью разработанного программного обеспечение возможно выполнять лабораторные работы и измерять исследуемые устройства.
The object of research is the device DIY Vector Network Analyzer UVNA-63. The purpose of the work is to develop software for DIY Vector Network Analyzer UVNA-63. This paper describes software development in Matlab. The operation of the developed measurement functions is described. The work of the developed graphical interface is described. Refinement of the laboratory work methodology. The relevance of the work is justified by the lack of software for carrying out measurements on a vector network analyzer, which is at the disposal of the department and can be used in the educational process. The developed software will make it possible to carry out measurements, calibrate the apparatus, save the obtained data in various formats, display the obtained data on a graph and set markers on the graph. The scope is the educational area. With the help of the developed software, it is possible to carry out laboratory work and measure the investigated devices.
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Grootboom, Lanche Linden. "Using an Agilent E5071B Vector Network Analyzer and Rotating Platform." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5210.

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Includes abstract.
Includes bibliographical references.
Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology has become very famous amongst the radar imaging community. This system is well suited for tomographic imaging as it offers high special resolution and a low probability of detection. Some of the UWB applications include ground penetrating radar, medical imaging and some military applications. In this thesis an UWB radar imaging system has been designed and implemented using an Agilent E5071B Vector Network Analyzer and a rotating pedestal. The two ports of the device are used as a transmitter and receiver, measuring the frequency domain data of the scene in front of the antennas at each angular position as the rotating pedestal rotates in front of the antennas. This data is then put through a time domain back-projection algorithm which reconstructs an image of the scene. This is done in 2D space and then later extended to 3D space.
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Lai, Jingou, and Che Liu. "Use SNA instead of VNA to characterize indoor channel : implementing and rms theory." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-7780.

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In this report we focus on the use of an economical way on how Scalar Network Analyzer (SNA) works instead of Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) to estimate the phase angle of signals in indoor channel. This is detailed in RMS delay theory and simulation section, experimental is designed in the according Experiment Design section, where we also state the required measurements known from the math part. In our work, data are recorded both from two different channel characteristics. Method of achieving amplitude is by using deconvolution theory. The condition of applying Hilbert transform are highlighted as impulse response h(t) in time domain should be causal.  The recorded data amplitude is computed by Hilbert Transform, and therefore validate the condition using Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) back to time domain to achieve h(t). Power delay profile P(t) is therefore presented afterwards. In paper calculations of rms delay τrms  of the channel which is the most important variable are also performed, the results calculated from different windowing truncation and the LOS and NLOS characteristics are compared in discussion and conclusion section, it also includes Opinions of window functions chosen for the phase estimation.
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Books on the topic "Vector network analyzer (VNA)"

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Shoaib, Nosherwan. Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) Measurements and Uncertainty Assessment. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44772-8.

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Shoaib, Nosherwan. Vector Network Analyzer Measurements and Uncertainty Assessment. Springer, 2018.

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Book chapters on the topic "Vector network analyzer (VNA)"

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Shoaib, Nosherwan. "VNA Calibration Comparison." In Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) Measurements and Uncertainty Assessment, 37–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44772-8_3.

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Shoaib, Nosherwan. "VNA Verification Artefacts." In Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) Measurements and Uncertainty Assessment, 57–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44772-8_5.

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Shoaib, Nosherwan. "VNA Connection Repeatability Investigation." In Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) Measurements and Uncertainty Assessment, 47–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44772-8_4.

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Shoaib, Nosherwan. "General Introduction." In Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) Measurements and Uncertainty Assessment, 1–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44772-8_1.

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Shoaib, Nosherwan. "Waveguide Measurement Uncertainty." In Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) Measurements and Uncertainty Assessment, 23–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44772-8_2.

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Ishak, Nurfarahin, Chua King Lee, and Siti Zarina Mohd Muji. "Dielectric Properties Measurement of Agarwood Using Vector Network Analyzer for Frequency 200 MHz Until 1 GHz." In Advances in Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, 39–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6490-5_4.

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Xiao, Xiaoting, Guiyun Tian, Dong Liu, Mark Robinson, and Anthony Gallagher. "Developments in GPR Based NDT for Ballastless Track of High-Speed Railways." In Studies in Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/saem200045.

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For the past decades, ballastless track has been developed and used successfully throughout the world. Due to the multi-layer concrete structure of a ballastless track, timely detection of problems becomes a significant challenge. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), as an effective nondestructive method, has been applied to ballastless track in the last ten years. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of GPR for the ballastless track. The challenges and problems are highlighted and discussed. A Vector Network Analyser (VNA) based stepped-frequency GPR system is considered for the problems and detection requirements. The experimental results show that the proposed system can detect narrow cracks in the depth up to 50cm.
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"Vector Network Analyzer." In An Introduction to Microwave Measurements, 102–45. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17964-8.

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Micheli, Davide, Roberto Pastore, Antonio Vricella, Andrea Delfini, Mario Marchetti, and Fabio Santoni. "Electromagnetic Characterization of Materials by Vector Network Analyzer Experimental Setup." In Spectroscopic Methods for Nanomaterials Characterization, 195–236. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-46140-5.00009-1.

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Fernandez-Medina, Eduardo, Sabrina De Capitani di Vimercati, Ernesto Damiani, Mario Piattini, and Perangela Samarati. "Multimedia Security and Digital Rights Management Technology." In Information Security and Ethics, 1288–320. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-937-3.ch088.

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Multimedia content delivery applications are becoming widespread thanks to increasingly cheaper access to high bandwidth networks. Also, the pervasiveness of XML as a data interchange format has given origin to a number of standard formats for multimedia, such as SMIL for multimedia presentations, SVG for vector graphics, VoiceXML for dialog, and MPEG-21 and MPEG-7 for video. Innovative programming paradigms (such as the one of web services) rely on the availability of XML-based markup and metadata in the multimedia flow in order to customize and add value to multimedia content distributed via the Net. In such a context, a number of security issues around multimedia data management need to be addressed. First of all, it is important to identify the parties allowed to use the multimedia resources, the rights available to the parties, and the terms and conditions under which those rights may be executed: this is fulfilled by the Digital Rights Management (DRM) technology. Secondly, a new generation of security and privacy models and languages is needed, capable of expressing complex filtering conditions on a wide range of properties of multimedia data. In this chapter, we analyze the general problem of multimedia security. We summarize the most important XML-based formats for representing multimedia data, and we present languages for expressing access control policies. Finally, we introduce the most important concepts of the DRM technology.
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Conference papers on the topic "Vector network analyzer (VNA)"

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Adamian, Vahe. "Simplified Automatic Calibration of a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA)." In 44th ARFTG Conference Digest. IEEE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/arftg.1994.327075.

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Burki, Jehanzeb, Touseef Ali, and Shahzad Arshad. "Vector network analyzer (VNA) based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging." In 2013 16th International Multi Topic Conference (INMIC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/inmic.2013.6731351.

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Adamian, Vahe'. "Electronic Calibration of a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) for Non-Insertable Devices." In 43rd ARFTG Conference Digest. IEEE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/arftg.1994.327052.

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Fezai, Nadia, and Abdessattar Ben Amor. "Adverse Side Effects of Noise given rise to Vector Network Analyzer (VNA)." In 2019 International Conference on Advanced Systems and Emergent Technologies (IC_ASET). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aset.2019.8871026.

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Dietz, M., T. Girg, A. Bauch, K. Aufinger, A. Hagelauer, D. Kissinger, and R. Weigel. "Broadband multi-octave receiver from 1–32 GHz for monolithic integrated vector network analyzers (VNA) in SiGe-technology." In 2017 12th European Microwave Integrated Circuits Conference (EuMIC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eumic.2017.8230657.

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Wu, Youhong, Shinobu Kato, DongDong Wang, Toshimasa Matsuoka, and Kenji Taniguchi. "In-Situ Evaluation of High Frequency and High Temperature Characteristics of Dielectric in High-Density Substrate." In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33148.

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To design a high-speed/frequency system, the dielectric material properties, i.e., dielectric constant and loss tangent are key inputs and their frequency and temperature dependency need to be “in situ” comprehended accurately, since important high-speed quantities, such as characteristic impedance, propagation constant and S-parameters, depend upon the physical dimensions and dielectric material properties of transmission line. This paper investigates frequency and temperature dependent properties of dielectric materials used for high performance microelectronic substrate up to 40 GHz under −40 to 200 deg C, with a general-purpose vector network analyzer (VNA) for obtaining S-parameter of “in situ” test coupons fabricated utilizing the actual process technology. Based on this “in situ” measurement, impact of the frequency and temperature dependent dielectric material properties on the high-speed quantities also have been discussed.
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Horn, Jason, Daniel Gunyan, Loren Betts, Chad Gillease, Jan Verspecht, and David E. Root. "Measurement-based large-signal simulation of active components from automated nonlinear vector network analyzer data via X-parameters." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas and Electronic Systems (COMCAS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/comcas.2008.4562819.

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Kotzev, Miroslav, Roland Frech, Hubert Harrer, Dierk Kaller, Andreas Huber, Thomas-Michael Winkel, Heinz-Dietrich Bruns, and Christian Schuster. "Crosstalk analysis in high density connector via pin fields for digital backplane applications using a 12-port vector network analyzer." In 2010 3rd Electronic System-Integration Technology Conference (ESTC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/estc.2010.5642944.

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Tummala, Vana Snigdha, Ahsan Mian, Nowrin H. Chamok, Mohammod Ali, Jallisa Clifford, and Prasun Majumdar. "3D Printed Porous Dielectric Substrates for RF Applications." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65880.

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In this study, dielectric properties of Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastic material with different fill-densities are investigated. Three separate sets of samples with dimensions of 25 mm × 25 mm × 5 mm were created at three different machine preset porosities using a LulzBot 3D printer. To understand the actual porosities of the samples, a 3D X-ray computed tomography microscope was used. The great advantage of this 3D microscopy is that it is fully non-destructive and requires no specimen preparation. Hence, the manufacturing defects and lattice variations can be quantified from image data. It is observed that the experimental pore densities are different from the factory preset values. This provides insight to further understand pore distribution-property relationships in these dielectric materials. Micro-strip patch antennas were then created on the 3D printed ABS substrates. The samples were then tested using a vector network analyzer (VNA) and resonant frequencies were measured. It is observed that the resonant frequency increases with an increase in porosity. These results clearly demonstrate the ability to control the dielectric constant of the 3D printed material based on prescribed fill density.
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Han, Dong-Ho, Bao-Shu Xu, Myoung J. Choi, Jiangqi He, Scott Gardiner, and Cliff Lee. "Realization of Ultra-Wideband, High-Resolution TDR for Chip-Carrier Packages." In ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems collocated with the ASME 2005 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2005-73291.

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In this paper, a state of the art TDR with a rise time of 9ps was employed in the characterization of multi-layer ball-grid array (BGA) or land-grid array (LGA) packages. The hardware used for 9ps rising time was the Picosecond Pulse Lab’s 4022 Source Enhancement Module that reduces a standard TDR rise time of 35–40ps to 9ps. The high-resolution TDR can clearly indicates a root cause of a multi-layer package signal integrity problem (impedance mismatching) in vertical transitions consisting of vias and planes which cannot be observed with a conventional TDR. In addition, due to its high-resolution, it was observed that the size of characteristic impedance testing transmission lines can be significantly scaled down. For example, a minimum length of 15–20 mm long transmission lines with a standard TDR can be reduced down to 3–4mm long for 9ps TDR. Using the TDR waveforms, reflection loss S11 (dB) was computed using direct convolution method and short-open-load (SOL) calibration method. The resulting (TDR generated) S11 agrees excellently with direct vector network analyzer (VNA) measurements up to 50 GHz which is the highest frequency available with Agilent 8364A.
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Reports on the topic "Vector network analyzer (VNA)"

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Singh, D., M. J. Salter, and N. M. Ridler. Comparison of Vector Network Analyser (VNA) calibration techniques at microwave frequencies. National Physical Laboratory, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47120/npl.tqe14.

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Smith, T. Vector network analyzer techniques to measure WR340 waveguide windows. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/819451.

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