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Journal articles on the topic 'Vector systems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 January 2023

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Boguslavsky, I. A. "A Bayes Estimator of Parameters of Nonlinear Dynamic Systems." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2009 (2009): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/801475.

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A new multipolynomial approximations algorithm (the MPA algorithm) is proposed for estimating the state vectorθof virtually any dynamical (evolutionary) system. The input of the algorithm consists of discrete-time observationsY. An adjustment of the algorithm is required to the generation of arrays of random sequences of state vectors and observations scalars corresponding to a given sequence of time instants. The distributions of the random factors (vectors of the initial states and random perturbations of the system, scalars of random observational errors) can be arbitrary but have to be prescribed beforehand. The output of the algorithm is a vector polynomial series with respect to products of nonnegative integer powers of the results of real observations or some functions of these results. The sum of the powers does not exceed some given integerd. The series is a vector polynomial approximation of the vectorE(θ∣Y), which is the conditional expectation of the vector under evaluation (or given functions of the components of that vector). The vector coefficients of the polynomial series are constructed in such a way that the approximation errors uniformly tend to zero as the integerdincreases. These coefficients are found by the Monte-Carlo method and a process of recurrent calculations that do not require matrix inversion.

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2

Jacobs, William R., Scott B. Snapper, Margareta Tuckman, and Barry R. Bloom. "Mycobacteriophage Vector Systems." Clinical Infectious Diseases 11, Supplement_2 (March 1, 1989): S404—S410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/11.supplement_2.s404.

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3

Rizkallah, Sandra, Amir F. Atiya, and Samir Shaheen. "New Vector-Space Embeddings for Recommender Systems." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 13, 2021): 6477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146477.

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In this work, we propose a novel recommender system model based on a technology commonly used in natural language processing called word vector embedding. In this technology, a word is represented by a vector that is embedded in an n-dimensional space. The distance between two vectors expresses the level of similarity/dissimilarity of their underlying words. Since item similarities and user similarities are the basis of designing a successful collaborative filtering, vector embedding seems to be a good candidate. As opposed to words, we propose a vector embedding approach for learning vectors for items and users. There have been very few recent applications of vector embeddings in recommender systems, but they have limitations in the type of formulations that are applicable. We propose a novel vector embedding that is versatile, in the sense that it is applicable for the prediction of ratings and for the recommendation of top items that are likely to appeal to users. It could also possibly take into account content-based features and demographic information. The approach is a simple relaxation algorithm that optimizes an objective function, defined based on target users’, items’ or joint user–item’s similarities in their respective vector spaces. The proposed approach is evaluated using real life datasets such as “MovieLens”, “ModCloth”, “Amazon: Magazine_Subscriptions” and “Online Retail”. The obtained results are compared with some of the leading benchmark methods, and they show a competitive performance.

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4

Sun, Mingbao Sun, and Xiaoping Yang Yang. "Inequalities for vector systems." Acta Mathematica Hungarica 111, no. 1-2 (April 2006): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10474-006-0031-y.

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5

Klíč, Alois, and Jan Řeháček. "On systems governed by two alternating vector fields." Applications of Mathematics 39, no. 1 (1994): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/am.1994.134243.

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6

Yew, Chee-Hong Takahiro, Narmatha Gurumoorthy, Fazlina Nordin, Gee Jun Tye, Wan Safwani Wan Kamarul Zaman, Jun Jie Tan, and Min Hwei Ng. "Integrase deficient lentiviral vector: prospects for safe clinical applications." PeerJ 10 (August 12, 2022): e13704. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13704.

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HIV-1 derived lentiviral vector is an efficient transporter for delivering desired genetic materials into the targeted cells among many viral vectors. Genetic material transduced by lentiviral vector is integrated into the cell genome to introduce new functions, repair defective cell metabolism, and stimulate certain cell functions. Various measures have been administered in different generations of lentiviral vector systems to reduce the vector’s replicating capabilities. Despite numerous demonstrations of an excellent safety profile of integrative lentiviral vectors, the precautionary approach has prompted the development of integrase-deficient versions of these vectors. The generation of integrase-deficient lentiviral vectors by abrogating integrase activity in lentiviral vector systems reduces the rate of transgenes integration into host genomes. With this feature, the integrase-deficient lentiviral vector is advantageous for therapeutic implementation and widens its clinical applications. This short review delineates the biology of HIV-1-erived lentiviral vector, generation of integrase-deficient lentiviral vector, recent studies involving integrase-deficient lentiviral vectors, limitations, and prospects for neoteric clinical use.

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Vassiliou, P. C. G., A. C. Georgiou, and N. Tsantas. "Control of asymptotic variability in non-homogeneous Markov systems." Journal of Applied Probability 27, no. 4 (December 1990): 756–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3214820.

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In this paper we provide two basic results. First, we find the set of all the limiting vectors of expectations, variances and covariances in an NHMS which are possible provided that we control the limit vector of the sequence of vectors of input probabilities. Secondly, under certain conditions easily met in practice we find the distribution of the limiting vector of expectations, variances and covariances to be multinomial with probabilities the corresponding limiting expected populations in the various states of the NHMS.

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Vassiliou, P. C. G., A. C. Georgiou, and N. Tsantas. "Control of asymptotic variability in non-homogeneous Markov systems." Journal of Applied Probability 27, no. 04 (December 1990): 756–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200027947.

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In this paper we provide two basic results. First, we find the set of all the limiting vectors of expectations, variances and covariances in an NHMS which are possible provided that we control the limit vector of the sequence of vectors of input probabilities. Secondly, under certain conditions easily met in practice we find the distribution of the limiting vector of expectations, variances and covariances to be multinomial with probabilities the corresponding limiting expected populations in the various states of the NHMS.

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9

Heck, Michelle. "Insect Transmission of Plant Pathogens: a Systems Biology Perspective." mSystems 3, no. 2 (March 20, 2018): e00168-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00168-17.

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ABSTRACT Insect-vectored pathogens pose one of the greatest threats to plant and animal, including human, health on a global scale. Few effective control strategies have been developed to thwart the transmission of any insect-transmitted pathogen. Most have negative impacts on the environment and human health and are unsustainable. Plant pathogen transmission by insect vectors involves a combination of coevolving biological players: plant hosts, insect vectors, plant pathogens, and bacterial endosymbionts harbored by the insect. Our ability to help growers to control vector-borne disease depends on our ability to generate pathogen- and/or disease-resistant crops by traditional or synthetic approaches and to block pathogen transmission by the insect vector. Systems biology studies have led to the reexamination of existing paradigms on how pathogens interact with insect vectors, including the bacterial symbionts, and have identified vector-pathogen interactions at the molecular and cellular levels for the development of novel transmission interdiction strategies.

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10

Matusov, L. B. "VECTOR OPTIMIZATION OF A СОMPLICATED INTELLECTUAL AND MECHANICAL SYSTEMS." European Journal of Natural History, no. 5 2019 (2019): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/ejnh.34017.

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11

Funato, Tadao. "Vector systems for gene delivery." Drug Delivery System 10, no. 2 (1995): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2745/dds.10.91.

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12

Atamas’, E. I., A. V. Il’in, and V. V. Fomichev. "Inversion of vector delay systems." Differential Equations 49, no. 11 (November 2013): 1329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0012266113110013.

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13

Traquete, Rui, and Heather M. Wallace. "Targeting tumours: Developing vector systems." Biochemist 34, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio03401022.

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The vast majority of anticancer chemotherapeutic agents in clinical use have a high incidence of adverse side effects as a result of their lack of specificity towards malignant cells. The therapeutic use of these drugs is therefore limited, despite most of them having potent anti-tumour activity in vitro1. The non-specific actions can be overcome by targeting tumour cells more selectively than healthy cells and this is therefore a major challenge facing modern cancer therapy. Ideally, decreased uptake of these agents by healthy cells would not only decrease their associated toxicity, but also lower the dose required to kill the cancer cell. Current approaches to develop tumour-specific drugs are based on targeting a single deregulated pathway or an overexpressed receptor, and there are a number of molecules that successfully validate this strategy. These include monoclonal antibodies, peptides, folic acid, hormones and growth factors. Although demonstrating selective targeting is feasible, few of these agents are useful therapeutically, since most of the drugs have shown modest cell killing activity2. A valuable alternative to enhance drug specificity is to develop vector systems that have an enhanced affinity towards cancer cells. This would enable better use of already established chemotherapeutic agents as a result of preferential uptake and diminished secondary effects on healthy cells. Over the last few years, polyamine backbones have been studied as one such vector system, aiming to take advantage of the polyamine transport system (PTS) in cancer cells for selective delivery of known anticancer drugs. In this article, we describe the basic principles, as well as recent advances regarding this novel approach.

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Utkin, V. I., and Yu V. Orlov. "Control Systems with Vector Relays." Automation and Remote Control 80, no. 9 (September 2019): 1671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s000511791909008x.

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15

Kazachenko, K. Yu, and P. V. Avdonin. "Vector systems of RNA interference." Russian Journal of Developmental Biology 37, no. 3 (May 2006): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1062360406030015.

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16

Chung, S. U., and E. Klempt. "Vector mesons in qq̄qq̄ systems." Physics Letters B 563, no. 1-2 (June 2003): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(03)00605-1.

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17

Yong Li and W. M. Wonham. "Concurrent vector discrete-event systems." IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 40, no. 4 (April 1995): 628–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/9.376113.

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18

Liu, Tong, Ye Xu, Xiaoming Wang, Jinbao Gu, Guiyun Yan, and Xiao-Guang Chen. "Antiviral systems in vector mosquitoes." Developmental & Comparative Immunology 83 (June 2018): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2017.12.025.

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19

Chen, Huating, Hong Hao, Kaiming Bi, Ping Tan, Lingyun Peng, and Fulin Zhou. "Dynamic Analysis of Nonclassically Damped Systems with Linear Behavior Using Load-Dependent Ritz Vectors." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 19, no. 03 (March 2019): 1950022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455419500226.

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In the present paper, a practical superposition method is proposed for complex load-dependent Ritz (CLDR) vectors for use in the dynamic analysis of nonclassically damped systems. In particular, an algorithm for CLDR vector generation is developed and the CLDR vectors are calculated in the physical space, instead of the state space, to reduce the computational effort and storage space, while improving the stability of the algorithm. Moreover, single CLDR vector (i.e. using only one starting vector) and block CLDR vector (i.e. using multi-starting vectors) generation procedures are introduced for the uni and multidirectional loading patterns respectively, and the latter is applied to the system with repeated natural frequencies. In addition, a criterion, which is based on the spatial load distribution, is proposed to determine a proper number of the CLDR vectors prior to their use in the dynamic analysis. Two numerical examples are provided to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. Also, the performance of the cut-off criterion is presented and 10% error or less in the participation loading distribution is recommended for practical applications.

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Kreppel, Florian, and Claudia Hagedorn. "Episomes and Transposases—Utilities to Maintain Transgene Expression from Nonviral Vectors." Genes 13, no. 10 (October 16, 2022): 1872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes13101872.

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The efficient delivery and stable transgene expression are critical for applications in gene therapy. While carefully selected and engineered viral vectors allowed for remarkable clinical successes, they still bear significant safety risks. Thus, nonviral vectors are a sound alternative and avoid genotoxicity and adverse immunological reactions. Nonviral vector systems have been extensively studied and refined during the last decades. Emerging knowledge of the epigenetic regulation of replication and spatial chromatin organisation, as well as new technologies, such as Crispr/Cas, were employed to enhance the performance of different nonviral vector systems. Thus, nonviral vectors are in focus and hold some promising perspectives for future applications in gene therapy. This review addresses three prominent nonviral vector systems: the Sleeping Beauty transposase, S/MAR-based episomes, and viral plasmid replicon-based EBV vectors. Exemplarily, we review different utilities, modifications, and new concepts that were pursued to overcome limitations regarding stable transgene expression and mitotic stability. New insights into the nuclear localisation of nonviral vector molecules and the potential consequences thereof are highlighted. Finally, we discuss the remaining limitations and provide an outlook on possible future developments in nonviral vector technology

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21

Barlow, N. D. "Modelling immunocontraception in disseminating systems." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 9, no. 1 (1997): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/r96068.

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Vectored immunocontraception is a novel technology and simple models are described to help predict whether, and how, it might work. That is, given that an effective immunocontraceptive agent can be produced, and given that it can be inserted into a microparasitic or macroparasitic infective vector, would the vector persist and reach a high prevalence in the host and, if so, would it sterilize a sufficient proportion of the host breeding population to significantly reduce its density? Both conditions are necessary for success. The first question is an epidemiological one, relating solely to disseminating systems and differing according to whether the vector itself is newly introduced or pre-existing. If it is newly introduced, the assumption is that it is present in some other geographical areas occupied by the same target species, or is found in closely-related species. If the vector already exists in the population, the issue is one of competition between the engineered and wild-type vectors. The second question is an ecological one, common to both non-disseminating and disseminating systems. Whatever level of sterilization the immunocontraception provides must translate into a significant reduction in population density, having regard to the nature and extent of compensatory, density-dependence mechanisms in the population. These two questions, together with other more minor issues, are addressed in turn with particular reference to models for immunocontraception of brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula)in New Zealand.

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22

Kościelny, Jan Maciej, and Zofia M. Łabęda-Grudziak. "Double fault distinguishability in linear systems." International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 23, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amcs-2013-0030.

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This paper develops a new approach to double fault isolation in linear systems with the aid of directional residuals. The method of residual generation for computational as well as internal forms is applied. Isolation of double faults is based on the investigation of the coplanarity of the residual vector with the planes defined by the individual pairs of directional fault vectors. Additionally, the method of designing secondary residuals, which are structured and directional, is proposed. These transformations allow achieving various isolation properties. It is shown that double fault distinguishability can be improved by decomposing the observed residual vector along the response directions. The described methods are illustrated with a simple computational example.

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23

Kiselev, Alexei D., Ali Ranim, and Andrei V. Rybin. "Speed of Evolution and Correlations in Multi-Mode Bosonic Systems." Entropy 24, no. 12 (December 5, 2022): 1774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24121774.

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We employ an exact solution of the thermal bath Lindblad master equation with the Liouvillian superoperator that takes into account both dynamic and environment-induced intermode couplings to study the speed of evolution and quantum speed limit (QSL) times of a open multi-mode bosonic system. The time-dependent QSL times are defined from quantum speed limits, giving upper bounds on the rate of change of two different measures of distinguishability: the fidelity of evolution and the Hilbert–Schmidt distance. For Gaussian states, we derive explicit expressions for the evolution speed and the QSL times. General analytical results are applied to the special case of a two-mode system where the intermode couplings can be characterized by two intermode coupling vectors: the frequency vector and the relaxation rate vector. For the system initially prepared in a two-mode squeezed state, dynamical regimes are generally determined by the intermode coupling vectors, the squeezing parameter and temperature. When the vectors are parallel, different regimes may be associated with the disentanglement time, which is found to be an increasing (a decreasing) function of the length of the relaxation vector when the squeezing parameter is below (above) its temperature-dependent critical value. Alternatively, we study dynamical regimes related to the long-time asymptotic behavior of the QSL times, which is characterized by linear time dependence with the proportionality coefficients defined as the long-time asymptotic ratios. These coefficients are evaluated as a function of the squeezing parameter at varying temperatures and relaxation vector lengths. We also discuss how the magnitude and orientation of the intermode coupling vectors influence the maximum speed of evolution and dynamics of the entropy and the mutual information.

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Buchschacher, Gary L., and Flossie Wong-Staal. "Development of lentiviral vectors for gene therapy for human diseases." Blood 95, no. 8 (April 15, 2000): 2499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v95.8.2499.

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Abstract Retroviral vectors derived from murine retroviruses are being used in several clinical gene therapy trials. Recently, progress has been made in the development of vectors based on the lentivirus genus of retroviruses, which ironically includes a major human pathogen, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). As these vector systems for clinical gene transfer are developed, it is important to understand the rationale behind their design and development. This article reviews the fundamental features of retrovirus replication and of the elements necessary for development of a retroviral vector system, and it discusses why vector systems based on HIV or other lentiviruses have the potential to become important tools in clinical gene therapy.

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Buchschacher, Gary L., and Flossie Wong-Staal. "Development of lentiviral vectors for gene therapy for human diseases." Blood 95, no. 8 (April 15, 2000): 2499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v95.8.2499.008k35_2499_2504.

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Retroviral vectors derived from murine retroviruses are being used in several clinical gene therapy trials. Recently, progress has been made in the development of vectors based on the lentivirus genus of retroviruses, which ironically includes a major human pathogen, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). As these vector systems for clinical gene transfer are developed, it is important to understand the rationale behind their design and development. This article reviews the fundamental features of retrovirus replication and of the elements necessary for development of a retroviral vector system, and it discusses why vector systems based on HIV or other lentiviruses have the potential to become important tools in clinical gene therapy.

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26

Cui, Zeyu, Feng Yu, Shu Wu, Qiang Liu, and Liang Wang. "Disentangled Item Representation for Recommender Systems." ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology 12, no. 2 (March 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3445811.

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Item representations in recommendation systems are expected to reveal the properties of items. Collaborative recommender methods usually represent an item as one single latent vector. Nowadays the e-commercial platforms provide various kinds of attribute information for items (e.g., category, price, and style of clothing). Utilizing this attribute information for better item representations is popular in recent years. Some studies use the given attribute information as side information, which is concatenated with the item latent vector to augment representations. However, the mixed item representations fail to fully exploit the rich attribute information or provide explanation in recommender systems. To this end, we propose a fine-grained Disentangled Item Representation (DIR) for recommender systems in this article, where the items are represented as several separated attribute vectors instead of a single latent vector. In this way, the items are represented at the attribute level, which can provide fine-grained information of items in recommendation. We introduce a learning strategy, LearnDIR, which can allocate the corresponding attribute vectors to items. We show how DIR can be applied to two typical models, Matrix Factorization (MF) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). Experimental results on two real-world datasets show that the models developed under the framework of DIR are effective and efficient. Even using fewer parameters, the proposed model can outperform the state-of-the-art methods, especially in the cold-start situation. In addition, we make visualizations to show that our proposition can provide explanation for users in real-world applications.

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Shahar, Amit, Yuval Alfassi, and Daniel Keren. "Communication Efficient Algorithms for Bounding and Approximating the Empirical Entropy in Distributed Systems." Entropy 24, no. 11 (November 5, 2022): 1611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24111611.

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The empirical entropy is a key statistical measure of data frequency vectors, enabling one to estimate how diverse the data are. From the computational point of view, it is important to quickly compute, approximate, or bound the entropy. In a distributed system, the representative (“global”) frequency vector is the average of the “local” frequency vectors, each residing in a distinct node. Typically, the trivial solution of aggregating the local vectors and computing their average incurs a huge communication overhead. Hence, the challenge is to approximate, or bound, the entropy of the global vector, while reducing communication overhead. In this paper, we develop algorithms which achieve this goal.

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Wang, Na, Jian Jiao, Shancheng Zhang, and Junsong Fu. "Secure and Efficient Semantic Extension Search over Encrypted Documents by Integrating Cloud and Fog Systems." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (July 9, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9349651.

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With the explosive increase of document files, more and more data owners outsource their documents to the public cloud, which can decrease the costs of local data management systems. However, the problem of information privacy leakage in the cloud is a great challenge and it has been attracting more and more attention. In this article, we propose a secure and efficient document search scheme, named SES, based on both the cloud and fog systems. All the documents are symmetrically encrypted before being outsourced to the cloud, and an index vector is constructed based on the keywords for each document. Specifically, we integrate the position information of keywords into the TF-IDF model to generate document vectors, which are accurate and inherent summarizations about the documents. In query requests, a data user needs to provide a set of keywords, which are first extended by the Word2Vec tool and then mapped to a query vector. The extension process of keywords makes the provided keywords more comprehensive and accurate, and hence, it improves document search accuracy. To achieve the forward and backward security, both the document vectors and query vectors are appended with an ingenious vector. The relevance score between a document and a query is defined as the inner product of the document vector and the query vector. We return the most k relevant documents as the search results to the data users. To protect the contextual information stored in the document and query vectors, we encrypt the vectors by the secure kNN algorithm. To improve the search efficiency, a searchable index structure for the document set is constructed based on the Diffie–Hellman secret key negotiation algorithm. The analysis and simulation results illustrate that the proposed scheme performs well in terms of both security and search efficiency.

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Trefilov, P. M., M. V. Mamchenko, and A. V. Korol’kov. "Strapdown inertial navigation systems readings correction based on navigational data of other sensors and systems with intelligent selection of the priority adjuster." E3S Web of Conferences 224 (2020): 02024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022402024.

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Strapdown inertial navigation systems (SINS) are one of the main components of the navigation systems of the drones and aircraft (including autonomous ones), but their readings need to be instanly corrected due to the constant accumulation of errors. This paper comprises the review of existing approaches to using one or more sensors or systems to correct the navigation data of SINS algorithms (herein after – correctors) using integrated information processing. A common disadvantage of the analysed approaches is the lack of flexibility concerning the types and the number of SINS correctors used, as well as the growth of computational burden due to the use of the measurement vectors of all the correctors in the process of forming the state vector of the system. This article proposes the use of the original adaptive scheme based on the selection of the least noisy data, taking into account environmental conditions, for the integrated processing of the SINS and the correctos’ navigation parameters. The essence of the approach is that the state vector is estimated on the basis of the most reliable corrector. This allows reducing the correlation of errors in the correctors’ measurement of navigational parameters, since only the measurement vectors (or vector) with best navigational data signal/noise ratio (received from the corresponding correctors) are used in forming the state vector. Furthermore, the proposed navigational data fusion scheme has a modular structure and greater flexibility in comparison with the loosely coupled systems, and also implies the use of an arbitrary number of correction sensors and systems regardless of the physical nature of their measurements.

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Bouguenna, Ibrahim Farouk, Ahmed Tahour, Ralph Kennel, and Mohamed Abdelrahem. "Multiple-Vector Model Predictive Control with Fuzzy Logic for PMSM Electric Drive Systems." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 20, 2021): 1727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061727.

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This article presents a multiple-vector finite-control-set model predictive control (MV-FCS-MPC) scheme with fuzzy logic for permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) used in electric drive systems. The proposed technique is based on discrete space vector modulation (DSVM). The converter’s real voltage vectors are utilized along with new virtual voltage vectors to form switching sequences for each sampling period in order to improve the steady-state performance. Furthermore, to obtain the reference voltage vector (VV) directly from the reference current and to reduce the calculation load of the proposed MV-FCS-MPC technique, a deadbeat function (DB) is added. Subsequently, the best real or virtual voltage vector to be applied in the next sampling instant is selected based on a certain cost function. Moreover, a fuzzy logic controller is employed in the outer loop for controlling the speed of the rotor. Accordingly, the dynamic response of the speed is improved and the difficulty of the proportional-integral (PI) controller tuning is avoided. The response of the suggested technique is verified by simulation results and compared with that of the conventional FCS-MPC.

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Ibarra, Oscar H., Zhe Dang, and Omer Egecioglu. "Catalytic P systems, semilinear sets, and vector addition systems." Theoretical Computer Science 312, no. 2-3 (January 2004): 379–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tcs.2003.10.028.

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32

Dhamne, Hemant. "Adherent systems for viral vector production." Cell and Gene Therapy Insights 6, no. 10 (November 12, 2020): 1607–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18609/cgti.2020.176.

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33

Lee, Robert J., and Leaf Huang. "Lipidic Vector Systems for Gene Transfer." Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems 14, no. 2 (1997): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.v14.i2.30.

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34

Maire, H. "Hypoelliptic systems of complex vector fields." Banach Center Publications 27, no. 2 (1992): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/-27-2-323-326.

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Nehorai, A., and M. Hawkes. "Performance bounds for estimating vector systems." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 48, no. 6 (June 2000): 1737–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/78.845931.

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36

Chang-da Bei and R. Gray. "Simulation of Vector Trellis Encoding Systems." IEEE Transactions on Communications 34, no. 3 (March 1986): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcom.1986.1096525.

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Banks, H. T., and K. L. Rehm. "Experimental design for vector output systems." Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering 22, no. 4 (May 17, 2013): 557–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17415977.2013.797973.

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38

Hsu, Liu, José Paulo Vilela Soares da Cunha, Ramon R. Costa, and Fernando Lizarralde. "UNIT VECTOR CONTROL OF MULTIVARIABLE SYSTEMS." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 35, no. 1 (2002): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20020721-6-es-1901.01041.

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Aremua, Isiaka, and Mahouton Norbert Hounkonnou. "Vector coherent states for nanoparticle systems." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 44, no. 46 (October 26, 2011): 465208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/44/46/465208.

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Hegyi, G., Gy Vincze, and A. Szasz. "Axial-Vector Interaction with Bio-Systems." Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 26, no. 2 (January 2007): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15368370701380835.

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Kincaid, David R., Thomas C. Oppe, and David M. Young. "Vector Computations for Sparse Linear Systems." SIAM Journal on Algebraic Discrete Methods 7, no. 1 (January 1986): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/0607012.

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Kozyrakis, C. E., and D. A. Patterson. "Scalable vector processors for embedded systems." IEEE Micro 23, no. 6 (November 2003): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mm.2003.1261385.

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Verma, Dheeraj, and Henry Daniell. "Chloroplast Vector Systems for Biotechnology Applications." Plant Physiology 145, no. 4 (December 2007): 1129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.107.106690.

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Kimura, Gen. "The Bloch Vector forN-Level Systems." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 72, Suppl.C (January 2003): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsjs.72sc.185.

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Pucacco, Giuseppe, and Kjell Rosquist. "Integrable Hamiltonian systems with vector potentials." Journal of Mathematical Physics 46, no. 1 (January 2005): 012701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1818721.

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Forman, Robin. "Combinatorial vector fields and dynamical systems." Mathematische Zeitschrift 228, no. 4 (August 1998): 629–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00004638.

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Bergamasco, A. P., P. D. Cordaro, and P. A. Malagutti. "Globally Hypoelliptic Systems of Vector Fields." Journal of Functional Analysis 114, no. 2 (June 1993): 267–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jfan.1993.1068.

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Mészáros, Tamás, and Lajos Rónyai. "Standard Monomials and Extremal Vector Systems." Electronic Notes in Discrete Mathematics 61 (August 2017): 855–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.endm.2017.07.046.

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Yen, Li-Hsing, and Ting-Lu Huang. "Resetting Vector Clocks in Distributed Systems." Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing 43, no. 1 (May 1997): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jpdc.1997.1330.

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Yuan, Xinpan, Qunfeng Liu, Jun Long, Lei Hu, and Songlin Wang. "Multi-PQTable for Approximate Nearest-Neighbor Search." Information 10, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info10060190.

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Abstract:

Image retrieval or content-based image retrieval (CBIR) can be transformed into the calculation of the distance between image feature vectors. The closer the vectors are, the higher the image similarity will be. In the image retrieval system for large-scale dataset, the approximate nearest-neighbor (ANN) search can quickly obtain the top k images closest to the query image, which is the Top-k problem in the field of information retrieval. With the traditional ANN algorithms, such as KD-Tree, R-Tree, and M-Tree, when the dimension of the image feature vector increases, the computing time will increase exponentially due to the curse of dimensionality. In order to reduce the calculation time and improve the efficiency of image retrieval, we propose an ANN search algorithm based on the Product Quantization Table (PQTable). After quantizing and compressing the image feature vectors by the product quantization algorithm, we can construct the image index structure of the PQTable, which speeds up image retrieval. We also propose a multi-PQTable query strategy for ANN search. Besides, we generate several nearest-neighbor vectors for each sub-compressed vector of the query vector to reduce the failure rate and improve the recall in image retrieval. Through theoretical analysis and experimental verification, it is proved that the multi-PQTable query strategy and the generation of several nearest-neighbor vectors are greatly correct and efficient.

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