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Journal articles on the topic 'Vedic language'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Bhandari, Sabindra Raj. "The Dimensions of Language and Thought in the Vedic Literature." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 11, no. 2 (2021): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1102.04.

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The present article explores the interrelationships between language and thought in the literature of the Vedic Canon. Whether language shapes thoughts or vice versa has remained a topic pregnant with perpetual discussions, interpretations, and explanations since the beginning of human civilization. Throughout the multiple crossroads of the development in the intellectual tradition, the dimensions of language and thought attracted many scholars and linguists. However, linguists like Edward Sapir and Benjamin L. Whorf in the twentieth century have systematically interpreted and analyzed the lan

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2

(Ghosh), Sumana Mallick. "Early Indian Languages: An Evolution Perspective." Asian Review of Social Sciences 7, no. 2 (2018): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2018.7.2.1432.

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Sound, signs or signals, gestures, urge of transferring higher levels of thinking and feelings and also exchange of ideas were the beginning of the formulation of languages despite the controversies in the origin of languages through the Speculative Theory, Signaling Theory, Mother tongue Hypothesis and so on. Civilization and progress have paved the origin of languages for communication and vice versa. Whatever been the reason and whenever been the time of development of language in this subcontinent or in the Earth, India always possesses a rich linguistic heritage. The Proto-Indo-Aryan lang

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3

Staal, Frits. "Simultaneities in Vedic ritual." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 4, no. 2 (2003): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.4.2.04sta.

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The use of language primarily displays succession, not simultaneity. It is common for people to talk at the same time or interrupt each other, but this is reduced to cases of succession. Vedic ritual involves not only succession but also simultaneities that are structural.1 In the “Soma swelling” rite, many priests recite two groups of mantras, A and B. First, one priest recites A while touching the bundle of Soma stalks. He then steps aside and recites B without touching Soma. At the same time, the next priest recites A and touches Soma. The result is that A and B are recited simultaneously b

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4

Dahl, Eystein. "Toward a formal model of semantic change: A neo-Reichenbachian approach to the development of the Vedic past tense system." Lingua Posnaniensis 57, no. 1 (2015): 41–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/linpo-2015-0003.

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Abstract This paper explores some ways in which a neo-Reichenbachian time-relational framework can be applied to diachronic data. The target language of this study is Vedic Sanskrit, the language of the sacred texts of Hinduism. The main focus of the paper concerns the evolution of the Vedic past tense system, which at the beginning of the Vedic tradition is aspect-based and later develops into a system where temporal remoteness and evidentiality distinctions determine the distribution of the past tense categories. This language therefore offers a particularly intriguing data set for exploring

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5

Lubotsky, Alexander. "Vedic Pṛdākusānu". Indo-Iranian Journal 47, № 1 (2004): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15728536-04701002.

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6

Lubotsky, Alexander. "Vedic prdākusānu-." Indo-Iranian Journal 47, no. 1 (2004): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:indo.0000024435.84858.16.

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7

Biagetti, Erica, Oliver Hellwig, Salvatore Scarlata, Elia Ackermann, and Paul Widmer. "Evaluating Syntactic Annotation of Ancient Languages." Old World: Journal of Ancient Africa and Eurasia 1, no. 1 (2021): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26670755-01010003.

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Abstract In this paper we introduce an extended version of the Vedic Treebank (vtb, Hellwig et al. 2020) which comes along with revisited and extended annotation guidelines. In order to assess the quality of our annotations as well as the usability and limits of the guidelines we performed an inter-annotator agreement test. The results show that agreement between annotators is hampered by various factors, most prominently by insufficient understanding of the content because of the cultural and temporal gap and incomplete knowledge of Vedic grammar. An in-depth discussion of disagreeing annotat

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8

Kölligan, Daniel. "A note on Vedic cīti-." Indogermanische Forschungen 126, no. 1 (2021): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2021-007.

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9

Witzel, Michael. "Moving Targets? Texts, language, archaeology and history in the Late Vedic and early Buddhist periods." Indo-Iranian Journal 52, no. 2-3 (2009): 287–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/001972409x12562030836859.

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AbstractThe Late Vedic and earliest Buddhist texts are investigated to indicate their relative historical layering. Besides the texts themselves, their language, place names, archaeological and inherent historical background are brought to bear. These data and those on some historical contemporaries of the Buddha do not indicate a correlation with late Vedic personalities and texts. A certain period of time separates both corpora.

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10

Lubotsky, A. "Vedic samaha ?verily?" Indo-Iranian Journal 38, no. 3 (1995): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00890576.

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11

Dahl, Eystein. "Continuity and change in the aspect systems of Vedic and Latin." Journal of Historical Linguistics 10, no. 2 (2020): 325–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhl.18013.dah.

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Abstract This paper examines the development of the aspect systems in the Indo-European languages Vedic and Latin. Even though aspectual distinctions are central in the verbal systems of both of these languages at the beginning of their attested traditions, they undergo quite different developments in the course of their history. The Vedic verbal system instantiates a classic case of the development from aspect to tense, whereas Latin maintains an aspect-based verbal system, which survives in the Romance languages. The paper explores the semantic properties of the Vedic and Latin past tenses i

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12

Candotti, Maria Piera, and Tiziana Pontillo. "The lexicon of the “act of accepting (pratigraha)”: an approach to the multilayered Vedic culture." Lingua Posnaniensis 61, no. 2 (2019): 25–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/linpo-2019-0012.

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Abstract This joint work has its ground (and scope) in a variation-oriented reading of the Vedic sources, here applied to those which mention the act of the so-called “[gift-]acceptance” (pratigraha) within mechanisms for attaining and distributing the “goods of life” among all the members of a community. The most ancient occurrences are read and contrasted against the subsequent socio-ritual context where the well-known homonymous privilege and peculiar means of livelihood for Brahmans is depicted. The tentative interpretation of the relevant passages and the consequent reconstruction of the

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13

Sai, Thulasi Venkata, Sunku Vinay, Reddyvari Tharun, Vidyalavaru Subhash Reddy, Sadhu Vinay Kumar, and G. Padma Priya. "Implementation of 64-Bit RISC Processor Using Vedic Multiplier." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 2 (2024): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.58332.

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Abstract: In this project, 64 bit RISC processor designed with Vedic multiplier design. Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) is a design which presents better performances, higher speed of operation and favors the smaller and simpler set of instructions. In addition to multiplier which is implemented using vedic mathematics we are also proposing an adder which is mux- based full adders for building higher bit adders in an area and speed efficient which is implemented in addition as well as for compression in vedic mathematic to obtain the output. A 64 bit RISC processor designed in this pap

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14

Melfi, Anna. "The Root of Indian Communication Theory in the Ṛig Veda: Practical Vedānta". Bodhi: An Interdisciplinary Journal 7 (31 грудня 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bodhi.v7i0.27902.

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What is the source of the power of speech and eloquence and fulfillment in life? Though communication and rhetoric departments in most Indian universities have been focusing their teaching and research agendas on Western models, a growing body of scholarship is developing communication theory that approaches the big questions from an Indian perspective, drawing on traditional sources (Adhikary, 2014), which claim Veda as their ultimate source. This paper explores the Vedic worldview on speech and communication proclaimed in the Ṛicho Akśare verse of the Ṛig Veda, and others, drawing on sage Bh

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15

Zailac, Milenko. "VEDIC PHILOSOPHY AS PRESERVED IN ETRUSCAN CULTURE AND LANGUAGE." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN EDUCATION AND PSYCHOLOGY 07, no. 04 (2021): 01–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54513/ijrep.2021.7401.

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16

Bonta, Steven. "A semiotic grammar of Vedic Sanskrit." Chinese Semiotic Studies 20, no. 2 (2024): 379–423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/css-2024-2018.

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Abstract In this study, we apply the methodology of semiotic or interpretive grammar, based on the Peircean ontological Categories and developed in previous work with respect to Mandarin Chinese, to Vedic Sanskrit, a language whose grammar we have previously shown to be constrained by Peircean Thirdness or [+3]. We show the Peircean Category of Thirdness, with all of the paradigmatic and syntagmatic configurations implied thereby, to be richly exemplified throughout Sanskrit grammar, at the morphosyntactic, lexical, and phonological levels. In particular, the Peircean Triad implied by [+3] is

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17

Klein, Jared S., and Boris Oguibenine. "Essays on Vedic and Indo-European Culture." Language 76, no. 2 (2000): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417723.

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18

Kulikov, Leonid. "An Atharvanic hymn to night: text-critical and linguistic remarks on the interpretation of Śaunakīya 19.50 = Paippalāda 14.9." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 76, no. 2 (2013): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x13000074.

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AbstractThis paper offers an analysis and a new translation of an Atharvanic hymn addressed to the goddess of Night, Rātrī, attested in both recensions of the Atharvaveda (AV), in the Śaunakīya, and in the Paippalāda. The translation is accompanied by a philological and text-critical commentary as well as an analysis of some linguistic features of the Vedic language of this period, such as the use of emphatic reflexive pronouns and the periphrastic progressive tense (usually disregarded in standard Vedic grammars).

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19

Viti, Carlotta. "The phylogenesis of hypotaxis in Vedic." Diachronica 25, no. 3 (2008): 386–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.25.3.04vit.

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Hypotaxis has been found since the earliest records of Vedic, especially for relative and adverbial functions. However, some adverbial relations more often resort to alternative structures such as clause juxtaposition, nominalization, or particles. The principles underlying the inconsistent representation of hypotaxis remain unclear. My analysis of clause linkage strategies in the Rig-Veda shows that non-hypotactic constructions are used preferentially for relations, such as purpose or concession, that are considered complex in studies of the ontogenesis of hypotaxis in first language acquisit

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20

Ashi Maheshwari, Et al. "Handwritten Vedic Sanskrit Text Recognition Using Deep Learning and Convolutional Neural Networks." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 11 (2023): 680–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i11.10071.

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Recognizing Vedic Sanskrit text is essential for accessing classical Indo-Aryan language, predominantly utilized in the Vedas. Currently, there is limited awareness about the Vedas, making this field a highly demanding and challenging area in pattern recognition. To accelerate progress in optical character recognition (OCR), deep learning methods are indispensable. This article presents a novel approach to Vedic Sanskrit text recognition, incorporating deep convolutional architectures with their respective interpretations. We introduce three modified 4-fold CNN architectures and the AlexNet mo

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21

Sharma, Manisha. "SANSKRIT LANGUAGE IS THE MEDIUM OF INNOVATION IN MUSIC." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 1SE (2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i1se.2015.3434.

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Along with human civilization, arts have developed. Until the last period of the Vedic era no independent texts related to music are available, however, references to music art are definitely found at the place. In the Rigveda, many references are found in connection with the three songs, instruments and dances. In the Rigveda, words like Geer, Gatu, Gatha, Gayatra and Geeti were used for the song. These were all contemporary song types and had the basis of verses and singing style. For the song and its tune, it was also the name 'Sama'. Sama has been a synonym for Dhun or Swaravali. These wer

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22

Pinault, Georges-Jean. "Exploring the language layer of the dānastuti genre." Lingua Posnaniensis 61, no. 2 (2019): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/linpo-2019-0016.

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Abstract The linguistic variedness of the ancient Vedic texts is a well-known fact. This can be observed within the Ṛgveda itself, the most ancient collection of hymns, and if one compares the language of the Ṛgveda with that of the Atharvaveda. Glimpses of Vedic dialects can be detected in several passages and words, although the poetic language displays a high degree of convention and normalisation. Among the hymns of the Rigveda few specific features can be attributed to the different families of bards, even though one can surmise that they belonged to different regions of the Vedic world.

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23

Ittzés, Máté. "Problems of the Augment in Vedic." Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 45, no. 2-3 (2005): 207–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aant.45.2005.2-3.9.

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24

Barot, Gayatriben C. "Funeral Rituals in Vedic Literature." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 8, no. 3 (2023): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2023.v08.n03.029.

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In Hinduism, funeral is called last rites. Similar to the marriage rituals, the rituals related to the funeral are also mentioned in the Vedic literature. Antyeshti means the last sacrifice. This Yajna is performed for the dead body of a person who has died. Religious scriptures believe that the insatiable desires of the living being are pacified by performing the rituals performed in the funeral rites of the dead body. Leaving all the illusions and bonds, he moves from the earth to the other world. For this reason, the dead body is duly cremated. Abstract in Hindi Language: हिन्दू

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25

Keydana, Götz. "In defense of Narten roots." Indogermanische Forschungen 121, no. 1 (2016): 271–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2016-0015.

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Abstract In this paper I argue that at least in Vedic, Narten roots existed. They were distinguished by lexically specified dominant accent, whereas non-Narten roots were underlyingly unaccented. Underlying lexical accent accounts for the static accent in the present tense as well as barytonesis in primary derivatives with recessively accented suffixes. The second characteristic feature of Narten roots, the lengthened grade in the strong stem of the present, is still best explained as an upgrading. This hypothesis is strengthened in a scenario where the analogy is fed by channel bias. In Vedic

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26

Repanšek, Luka. "The derivational history of Vedic sákthi- '(inner) thigh." Acta Linguistica Petropolitana XVIII, no. 1 (2022): 321–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.30842/alp23065737181321343.

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27

Rothstein-Dowden, Zachary. "On the inflection of palatal stems in Vedic." Indogermanische Forschungen 126, no. 1 (2021): 387–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/if-2021-015.

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Abstract This paper re-examines the historical phonology and morphology of the palatal-stem declension of Vedic and concludes that the phonologically regular outcome of the animate nominative singular was -ṭ, while the “bh-cases” should by regular sound change have contained a cluster *°dbh°, the former existence of which can be inferred but which was replaced by °ḍbh° (or °gbh°) under the influence of the nominative singular.

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28

Воронкина, М., and M. Voronkina. "Illocutionary Force of Questions in Hymn of “Rigveda” bravavrttam." Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 8, no. 4 (2019): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5d4d6de186f103.11990534.

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The topicality of the appeal to the language material of the “Rigveda” is conditioned by its significance for the study of the role of the archaic ritual in the formation of human communication. The point of issue of the paper is the questions contained in the cosmogonic hymn of the «Rigveda» bravavrttam where they are left unanswered. The work aims to throw light onto the illocutionary force of these questions against the background of a communicative in nature Vedic ritual practice. To achieve this aim the author deals not only with the meaning content of the hymn but also its pragmatics, th

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29

Kulikov, Leonid. "Vedic preverbs as markers of valency-changing derivations." Studies in Language 36, no. 4 (2012): 721–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.36.4.01kul.

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The present paper offers an analysis of the transitivizing and intransitivizing preverbs (semi-bound verbal prefixes) in Vedic Sanskrit. I will argue that the (in)transitivizing force of these morphemes is weak: the passivization test shows that transitivizing preverbs only exceptionally make fundamentally intransitive verbs true transitives, whilst the only intransitivizing preverb ví has but a rather limited valency-changing capacity.

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30

Lundquist, Jesse. "Does tvátpitāraḥ = εὐπάτωρ?" Indo-European Linguistics 9, № 1 (2021): 128–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22125892-bja10014.

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Abstract A standard comparison in Indo-European linguistics equates Vedic tvátpitāraḥ ‘having you as father’ and Ancient Greek compounds in -πατωρ, e.g., εὐπάτωρ ‘having a good father, lineage’. Many scholars describe this equation as resulting from “Internal Derivation”: the second-member of the compound would exhibit amphikinetic inflection, internally derived from a noun with hysterokinetic inflection. This paper reassesses the philological evidence for the long-vowel forms of Vedic -pitār-. Because the long-vowel forms are confined to one Vedic school (Taittirīyans), it is argued that the

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31

Nikolaev, Alexander. "Deep Waters: The Etymology of Vedic gabhīrá-." Historical Linguistics 132, no. 1 (2019): 191–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/hisp.2019.132.1.191.

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32

Ilieva, Gabriela Nik. "The Rg Vedic hymn as a ritual speech event." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 4, no. 2 (2003): 171–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.4.2.03ili.

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In the present work I try to show how certain distinctive grammatical-rhetorical features of the hymns, such as frequent use of elaborate epithets, a rich arsenal of noun and pronoun address forms as well as a large variety of finite verb forms, can be accounted for from a pragmatic perspective by discussing them at the three main linguistic levels — morphology, lexicon, syntax. 10.39 is a representative laudatory hymn performed in a ceremonial setting, whose topic is related to the desire of a female speaker to find a good husband. The analysis is based on a socially and psychologically orien

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33

Stoker, Valerie. "Vedic Language and Vaiṣṇava Theology:Madhva’s Use of Nirukta in his Ṛgbhāṣya". Journal of Indian Philosophy 35, № 2 (2007): 169–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10781-006-9003-3.

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34

Meena, Rishikesh. "Central administration in the Vedic administration system." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 7, no. 4 (2022): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2022.v07.i04.014.

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In the Vedic system of administration, like local administration and provincial administration, central administration is of special importance. In particular, the central administration felt the need to establish mutual unity between the local rulers and the provincial rulers. To properly resolve disputes between local and provincial rulers, a higher institution emerged, known as the central administration. The main objectives of this system were fixed as the preservation of religion and culture of the people, the formulation of policies for the benefit of all and the attempt to establish uni

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35

Kulikov, Leonid, and Nikolaos Lavidas. "Reconstructing passive and voice in Proto-Indo-European." Proto-Indo-European Syntax and its Development 3, no. 1 (2013): 98–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhl.3.1.06kul.

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This article examines various aspects of the reconstruction of the passive in Proto-Indo-European (PIE), foremost on the basis of evidence from the Indo-Aryan (Early Vedic) and Greek branches. In Proto-Indo-European the fundamental distinction within the verbal system is between the active and middle, while specialized markers of the passive are lacking and the passive syntactic pattern is encoded with middle inflection. Apart from the suffix *-i̯(e/o)- (for which we cannot reconstruct a passive function in the proto-language) and several nominal derivatives, we do not find sufficient evidence

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36

Bodewitz, H. W. "The Vedic concepts ā́gas and énas." Indo-Iranian Journal 49, no. 3-4 (2007): 225–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10783-007-9002-9.

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Scharf, Peter M. "Pāṇinian accounts of the Vedic subjunctive:". Indo-Iranian Journal 51, № 1 (2008): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10783-008-9087-9.

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38

Gupta, Deepa. "Concept of education and family life in Vedic society." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 9, no. 5 (2024): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2024.v09.n05.023.

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Education is of paramount importance in the progress of human society. Education brings about proper development of human beings in every field of life. The basic source of education is Vedas. Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati has said, “Vedeshu Sarva Vidyaah, that is, all the knowledge is present in Vedas only.” The main objective of education during Vedic period was to bring about all-round development of human life. In Vedic period, Upanayan ceremony was necessary for attaining education. In Vedic period, women had equal right to education as men. Under Vedic period education, exchange of knowle

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39

Kulikov, Leonid. "The reflexive pronouns in Vedic: A diachronic and typological perspective." Lingua 117, no. 8 (2007): 1412–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2006.05.009.

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40

Keydana, Götz, and Silvia Luraghi. "Definite referential null objects in Vedic Sanskrit and Ancient Greek." Acta Linguistica Hafniensia 44, no. 2 (2012): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03740463.2013.776245.

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41

Clayton, John. "Labiovelar loss and the rounding of syllabic liquids in Indo-Iranian." Indo-European Linguistics 10, no. 1 (2022): 33–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22125892-bja10021.

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Abstract This paper analyzes and supports the claim that Vedic Sanskrit preserves traces of the contrast between the Indo-European labiovelars and plain velars—a striking archaism in the Indo-Iranian family, which otherwise collapsed the two velar series. These labiovelar vestiges emerge because of the pervasive labialization of syllabic and consonantal rhotics at all attested stages of the Indo-Iranian family. Two rhotic labialization environments are examined in Indo-Aryan and Iranian: after labial(ized) consonants or before syllables containing u or w. Furthermore, this paper explains the u

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42

Siswadi, Gede Agus. "Studi Bahasa Sanskerta: Sebagai Metode Belajar Agama Hindu." JAPAM (Jurnal Pendidikan Agama) 1, no. 1 (2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/japam.v1i1.2172.

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<em><span lang="EN">Sanskrit is the language of Veda or the language used to describe the holy word of God, so it is very important for Hindus to know about the language of Sanskrit before studying Veda. In addition, all the concepts contained in Hinduism are derived from Sanskrit. Thus, Sanskrit is the earliest and basic language that Hindus must master in order to deepen Vedic teachings. The Sanskrit learning method really determines the success of learning, so the learning method needs to be adapted to the character and needs of learning.</span></em>

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Reddy, Bharathi, D. Leela Rani, and Prof S. Varadarajan. "HIGH SPEED CARRY SAVE MULTIPLIER BASED LINEAR CONVOLUTION USING VEDIC MATHAMATICS." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 4, no. 2 (2013): 284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v4i2a2.3173.

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VLSI applications include Digital Signal Processing, Digital control systems, Telecommunications, Speech and Audio processing for audiology and speech language pathology. The latest research in VLSI is the design and implementation of DSP systems which are essential for above applications. The fundamental computation in DSP Systems is convolution. Convolution and LTI systems are the heart and soul of DSP. The behavior of LTI systems in continuous time is described by Convolution integral whereas the behavior in discrete-time is described by Linear convolution. In this paper, Linear convolution

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44

Kortlandt, Frederik. "Accent and Ablaut in the Vedic Verb." Indo-Iranian Journal 47, no. 1 (2004): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15728536-04701003.

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Kortlandt, Frederik. "Accent and Ablaut in the Vedic Verb." Indo-Iranian Journal 47, no. 1 (2004): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:indo.0000024436.74075.53.

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46

Thompson, George. "The pursuit of hidden tracks in vedic." Indo-Iranian Journal 38, no. 1 (1995): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00890618.

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Jasanoff, Jay H. "Vedic dháya-, citáya- and an Indo-Iranian sound law." Historical Linguistics 134, no. 1 (2021): 166–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/hisp.2021.134.1.166.

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Suter, Ann. "Aphrodite/Paris/Helen: A Vedic Myth in the Iliad." Transactions of the American Philological Association (1974-) 117 (1987): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/283958.

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Patwardhan, Kishor. "The history of the discovery of blood circulation: unrecognized contributions of Ayurveda masters." Advances in Physiology Education 36, no. 2 (2012): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00123.2011.

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Abstract:

Ayurveda, the native healthcare system of India, is a rich resource of well-documented ancient medical knowledge. Although the roots of this knowledge date back to the Vedic and post-Vedic eras, it is generally believed that a dedicated branch for healthcare was gradually established approximately between 400 BCE and 200 CE. Probably because the language of documentation of these early textbooks is in Sanskrit, a language that is not in day-to-day use among the general population even in India, many significant contributions of Ayurveda have remained unrecognized in the literature related to t

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Krishan, Y. "The Vedic Origins of the Doctrine of Karma." South Asian Studies 4, no. 1 (1988): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02666030.1988.9628366.

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