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Journal articles on the topic 'Vedic literature'
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Gnyawali, Bishal. "Review of vedic Literature from the Perspective of Physical and Human Geography." Geographic Base 6 (October 27, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/tgb.v6i0.26162.
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Vedas are earliest collection of Hindu scripture. The word Veda was originated from Sanskrit verb ‘Vida’ inane meaning to “to know”. Vedas are collection of knowledge. Literatures, written on the basis of Vedas are called Vedic literature. Itihansas and puranas are also known as Vedic literature. Each and every dimension of geography is expressed in Vedic Literature very strongly. This paper simply tries to present the geographical issue expressed in different Vedic literature. Different research papers written about Vedic geography, books of Vedas and puranas are used as materials for the formation of this paper. Topographic explanation and their classification for regionalization is carefully presented in vedic literature such as Dwipas, Khandas and Barshas. River is praised as mother in Vedas and nature and behavior of river was known by Vedic people. Ricveda is full of praising river. Seasonality month and different weather is explained in different Vedas and vedic literatures. Six seasons and twelve months are explained in vedic literature. Fire, wind, water, earth are taken as different forms of god and praised as human environment interaction. People are discouraged for deforestation means not to destroy home of god. Quantitative and mathematical geography is another great feature of vedic literature. Measurement unit techniques of time and distance are very strong geographical representation of vedic literature. The measurement of time starts from ‘pramanu’ to ‘mahayuga’ and distance starts from ‘pramanu’ to ‘krosha’.
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YAMADA, Tomoki. "Metals in Vedic Literature." Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies (Indogaku Bukkyogaku Kenkyu) 65, no. 2 (2017): 762–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.65.2_762.
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A, Roobadevi. "Vedic principles in Sangam literature." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, S-2 (April 30, 2021): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21s235.
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Sangam literary texts have praised many Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharvana Vedas. The four Vedas speak of the praise of God, the sacrificial rites, the mantras of veneration, witchcraft, and mantras for controlling all that man fears in practical life. Aiṅkuṟunūṟu, kuṟuntokai, patiṟṟuppattu, paripāṭal, kalittokai, akanāṉūṟu are explored. Ancient Tamil Nadu accepted the Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharvana Vedas with great respect. This article examines the Sangam literature as a definitive proof of the greatness of following the divine morality.
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Salomon, Richard, and Sukumari Bhattacharji. "Literature in the Vedic Age." Journal of the American Oriental Society 110, no. 1 (January 1990): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/603991.
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Barot, Gayatriben C. "Funeral Rituals in Vedic Literature." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 8, no. 3 (March 14, 2023): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2023.v08.n03.029.
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In Hinduism, funeral is called last rites. Similar to the marriage rituals, the rituals related to the funeral are also mentioned in the Vedic literature. Antyeshti means the last sacrifice. This Yajna is performed for the dead body of a person who has died. Religious scriptures believe that the insatiable desires of the living being are pacified by performing the rituals performed in the funeral rites of the dead body. Leaving all the illusions and bonds, he moves from the earth to the other world. For this reason, the dead body is duly cremated.
Abstract in Hindi Language:
हिन्दू धर्म में अन्त्येष्टि को अंतिम संस्कार कहा जाता है। वैवाहिक विधि- विधानों के समान, अन्त्येष्टि से संबन्धित प्रथाओ का भी वैदिक साहित्य में निर्देश है। अंत्येष्टि का अर्थ होता है अंतिम यज्ञ। यह यज्ञ मरने वाले व्यक्ति के शव के लिए किया जाता है।धर्म शास्त्रों की मान्यता है कि मृत शरीर की विधिवत अंतिम संस्कार में होने वाले कर्मकांड को करने से जीव की अतृप्त वासनायें शान्त हो जाती हैं। वह सभी मोह माया और बंधनों को त्यागकर पृथ्वी लोक से परलोक की ओर गमन करता है। इसी निमित्त मृत देह का विधिवत संस्कार किया जाता है।
Keywords: नरयाग, अन्त्येष्टि क्रिया, प्राग्-दाह, दाहयज्ञ, प्रत्यावर्तन, उदककर्म
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Parpola, Asko. "The Mirror in Vedic India: Its Ancient Use and Its Present Relevance in Dating Texts." Studia Orientalia Electronica 7 (March 1, 2019): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.23993/store.76275.
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The major first part of the paper collects as exhaustively as possible all references to 'mirror' occurring in Vedic literature (c. 1200-300 BCE), and presents them with sufficient context in Sanskrit and English in order to show how and why the mirror was used in Vedic rituals and Vedic culture in general, and what meaning was ascribed to it. The second part of the paper discusses a fact of major significance that emerges from this recording: in the extensive older Vedic literature of the Saṃhitās, Brāhmaṇas and Śrautasūtras (excepting the late Kātyāyana-Śrautasūtra) there is no reference to the mirror at all. Therefore it seems likely that the mirror was not known in Vedic India until it was introduced to South Asia from the Persian Empire at the end of the sixth century BCE. The later Vedic literature, starting possibly with the Āraṇyakas, but definitely with the early Upaniṣads, postdates 500 BCE. So far we have lacked a similar firm date for Vedic literature.
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Manuaba, I. B. Arya Lawa, and I. Nyoman Sudirman. "Descriptions Of Aliens (Extraterrestrial Beings) In Vedic Scriptures." Vidyottama Sanatana: International Journal of Hindu Science and Religious Studies 2, no. 2 (November 2, 2018): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.25078/ijhsrs.v2i2.619.
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<p>Polemics emerge when religion is faced to the fact that there are supposedly visitation of intelligent beings from other planets in many cases from ancient times up to now. Vedic literature as basis of Hindu religious teachings is one of many religious resources which can be used as reference to this inquiry. This descriptive-qualitative study aims to (1) clarify whether Vedic Scriptures mention about extraterrestrial life, or intelligent life outside Planet Earth, and (2) enlist categories of extraterrestrial life as mentioned in the Vedic Scriptures. The methods used are literature study and documentary. Result of the study reveals that Vedic Scriptures, especially the four Vedas, Puranas and Itihasas clearly mention about existence of extraterrestrial species (alien beings) and their interactions with humans since the Vedic era. These extraterrestrial beings are of different categories which are more elaborately enlisted in some major Puranic literatures.</p>
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Bhandari, Sabindra Raj. "The Dimensions of Language and Thought in the Vedic Literature." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 11, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1102.04.
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The present article explores the interrelationships between language and thought in the literature of the Vedic Canon. Whether language shapes thoughts or vice versa has remained a topic pregnant with perpetual discussions, interpretations, and explanations since the beginning of human civilization. Throughout the multiple crossroads of the development in the intellectual tradition, the dimensions of language and thought attracted many scholars and linguists. However, linguists like Edward Sapir and Benjamin L. Whorf in the twentieth century have systematically interpreted and analyzed the language-thought dimensions. Whorf postulated that language shapes thoughts while Sapir projected that language is in the grip of thought. The literature of the Vedic Canon has also logically and systematically projected the multiple dimensional, but agglutinative relationships between language and thought. The hymns of the Rig Veda, myths from Brahmanas, and the lore from Upanishads unravel, interpret, and enrich the language-thought interconnection in such a way that the Vedic literature remains as the classical version of Sapir-Whorf hypothesis written in Sanskrit. In this regard, the Vedic literature and Sapir-Whorf hypothesis play the same tune of music in different lyres. The present paper attempts to reveal this point of unity in diversity between the two seemingly diverse schools of thoughts—classical Vedic literature and modern linguistic theory of Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. Being the qualitative research, this paper explores, interprets, and correlates the theoretical concepts, ideas, and phenomena from the Vedic literature and Sapir-Whorf hypothesis.
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SINHA, ASOK KUMAR. "SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN VEDIC LITERATURE." Science and Culture 86, no. 3-4 (May 31, 2020): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.36094/sc.v86.2020.st_vedic_literature.sinha.102.
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Jakhmola, RK. "Medicinal - Agricultural science in Vedic literature." AYU (An International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda) 33, no. 1 (2012): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0974-8520.100335.
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Sharma, Krishna Chandra. "Vedic Literature and Its Universal Concepts: Rishi, Devata and Chanda." Harvest 3, no. 1 (March 28, 2024): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/harvest.v3i1.64181.
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Rishi, Devata, Chanda, are the three foundational pillars of the four Vedas: Rik,Yaju, Sama and Atharva. Each of these four is collection of mantra and mantra collection is called Samhita. Each Samhita consists of Brahmana, Aranyaka and Upanisad texts and these are interpretive texts of Samhita. Both Samhita and interpretive texts form the vast body of Vedic literature. Samhitas are original texts whereas Brahmana and Aranyaka are their interpretations, and the Upanisads are philosophic texts of the Vedas. Rishi, Devata and Chanda are formative elements of the Vedas. Rishis are the wise scholars who have realized Vedic mantras and handed the same to their disciples which in the long run develop different Sakha or branches of each Veda and such sakha altogether were 1131 and now only 26 sakha with their texts are available. Concept of Devata is suggestive of the theme and the subject matter of Vedic literature. In the Vedas Devatas are representatives of divine entity having certain physical form. The sun, the wind/ Indra and Agni (fire) are three Devata of the space, interspace and the earth. Vedas discusses One Almighty Brahma/ Purusha taking different forms as Devata based on various performances. Each Vedic Samhita and all interpretive literature follow structural pattern and especially Rigveda follows rigid metrical pattern. Each mantra of Vedic literature demands proper understanding of its Rishi, Devata and Chanda in order to capture its true spirit.
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Verma, Shilpi, Alka Mishra, and Vandana Shrivastava. "Yagya Therapy in Vedic and Ayurvedic Literature: A Preliminary exploration." Interdisciplinary Journal of Yagya Research 1, no. 1 (April 18, 2018): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36018/ijyr.v1i1.7.
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There is ample description of Yagya in Vedic literature that refers to its multiple applications such as social development, spiritual development, ecological balance, and preventing and curing diseases. Among them, one important aspect is health. Therapeutic application of Yagya is known as Yagya Therapy or Yagyopathy. In India, people perform Yagya for various reasons and knowingly and unknowingly utilize Yagya as therapy. However, its root-knowledge is not known to them. Hence, it is necessary to find the original references of Yagya Therapy from Vedic and Ayurvedic texts, which will not only strengthen its conceptual understanding, but will also make the basis for public benefit, as well as for further research. Here, the presented study took narrative literature survey approach. The study attempted to shed light on Yagya Therapy using the descriptions from Vedic and Ayurvedic literature. It has been observed that Vedic literature describes treatment of wide range of diseases (both infectious and non-infectious) and ailments through Yagya, along with the precautions, detailed procedures, causes of diseases, therapeutic supplements, etc. Thus, this study will help in the establishment of Yagya Therapy as an important therapeutic approach, and will pave the way for further investigations in this field.
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Kumari, Reenu. "An Overview of the Ancient Indian Vedic Mathematics Techniques." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 1914–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48332.
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Abstract: This study examined at how Vedic Mathematics solves basic math problems using Vedic Mathematics. The ancient approach of Indian mathematics is known as Vedic mathematics. It employs a one-of-a-kind computation method based on the 16 sutras and 13 sub-sutras including a variety of modern mathematical problems such as trigonometry, arithmetic, geometry, factorization, quadratic equations, and calculus. This study summarizes some important sutras from Vedic mathematics with examples. Additionally, we highlight some recent applications of Vedic mathematics from existing literature.
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Ivanković, Milorad. "The Innermost Enigmas of the Vedic Literature." American Research Journal of English and Literature 6, no. 1 (July 28, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21694/2378-9026.20009.
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Sarkar, Pamatosh. "Vedic Literature Vis-a-Vis Mathematical Astronomy." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 91 (1987): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100105822.
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The present paper restricts to the analysis of some passages from the Vedic literature, viz. Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa and Vedāṅga Jyautiṣa, from the view point of mathematical astronomy.The Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa in 2.1.2.1 to 2.1.2.5, refers to some ritual in which some fire has to be set up. It recommends Kṛttikā as the nakṣatra or the lunar asterism under which to set up the fire. For, there are some special features that Śatapatha-Brāhmana obviously considers as good points. According to the text, one good point about Kṛttikā is that it is ′the most numerous′; secondly, it rises ′in the east′.
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Shukla, Kripa Shankar. "Main Characteristics and Achievements of Ancient Indian Astronomy in Historical Perspective." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 91 (1987): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100105809.
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Ancient Indian astronomy may be classified into two main categories: (1) the vedic astronomy and (2) the post vedic astronomy. The vedic astronomy is the astronomy of the vedic period i.e. the astronomy found in the vedic saṃhitas and brāhmanas and allied literature. The principal avocation of the people in the vedic times being the performance of the vedic sacrifices at the times prescribed by the śastras, it was necessary to have accurate knowledge of the science of time so that the times prescribed for performing the various vedic sacrifices could be correctly predicted well in advance. Astronomy in those times, therefore, was essentially the science of time-determination. It centred round the Sun and Moon and its aim was to study the natural divisions of time caused by the motion of the Sun and Moon, such as days, months, seasons and years, special attention being paid to the study of the times of occurrence of new moons, full moons, equinoxes and solstices.
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Tripathi Sharma, Dr Shreeja. "Towards a ‘Vedic Feminine Renaissance’." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 8, no. 11 (November 28, 2020): 216–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v8i11.10872.
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The sense of justice and equity towards women is considered among the best indicators that reflect the socio-cultural development of a civilisation. The position and status of women, as reflected in literature naturally serves as a test to gauge the sensibilities and cultivation of each associated age. It is matter of general agreement that the feminine ideals of womanhood during the early Vedic age remain exalted and exemplary. The Vedic narratives elevate the ephemeral spirit of womanhood, which progressively lost its sheen in successive stages.
While the contemporary feminine polemics consistently unravel unhackneyed theories, generic in nature, we are lacking in such an orientation which targets specifics of local, regional and traditional culture. Feminists in India are no exception, and have largely adopted the theories of Feminism emanating from the discourse of the West. The Indian Vedic repository contains instances which testify the epitome of womanhood at its best. However, the Indian ethos of feminism imbedded firmly in the Vedic roots remain largely inaccessible in the contemporary feministic theory. The need for adapting ‘global feminism’ to the ‘classical Indian taste’ remains an unobserved concern.
This paper explores the possibilities inherent in the study of classical mythic literature and their potential for stimulating ‘local theories’ of feminism in India through a study of selected feminine ideals present in the early Vedic narratives. Can study of ancient Vedic literature inspire a reawakening in Indian feminism, just as the study of classical Greek literature did for the West during Renaissance in Europe - is a question, this paper seeks to address.
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Rani, Dr Suman. "Agricultural Science in Vedic and Secular Sanskrit Literature: Current Relevance." Yog-Garima 1, no. 2 (September 28, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52984/yogarima1201.
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Vedic literature is the root of all knowledge. It is impossible to do anything without knowledge. All types of knowledge and sciences like chemistry, biology, physics, geography, agriculture, medical science etc. are the contribution of Vedic literature. On the basis of all these sciences, a person is making double and quadruple progress day and night. But here in the research paper, an attempt has been made to provide some guidance about agricultural science because this topic is so vast that it cannot be covered completely in the research paper. Therefore, I will try to discuss some important points.
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Desai, Falguni Piyush, Piyush Sumantrai Desai, Nayna Kalpesh Desai, and Riaz Abbasali Tai. "Affirmations of Ecosystem: The Ecotopian Bio-Network in Vedic Eco-Narratives." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, no. 3 (March 7, 2024): e04825. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n3-094.
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Objective: The present study focuses on the interconnectivity of all life as reflected in Vedic literature. The affirmation of ecosystem, natural balance and bio-network transpires somewhat very naturally in ancient Indian Classical literature the Vedas. It chants the sacredness of the ecological designs and the natural coordination of human beings and the ecosystem. Method: Literature review and the analysis of the Vedic Mantras relating to the contemporary present-day contexts. Results and Discussion: The study discusses and reveals the pieces of evidence of ecological poetry of peace between human beings and their natural surroundings in Vedic literature. Human understanding of nature as sacred builds an individual’s attitude on how one perceives and preserves the nature around an ecosystem. Human bonding and decoding of the semiotics of nature need to be holistic and non-discriminatory. This is an attempt to rejuvenate the degree of blessedness which we attribute to ecology, devoted to our overall moral and ethical being. The paper inclines towards a study that endeavours vital enquiry into the possible borders of human inventiveness and receptiveness. This is an exploration of the use of poetic spontaneity by the human race to figure out human bonding to the ecology and the earth. It illustrates that Vedic eco-poetry marvellous sequencing that admires the search for esthetic exquisiteness, methodical pragmatism and connotation in human interactions with nature. Conclusion: The study presents connectivity in Vedic Eco poetry drawing it to contemporary concepts of Sustainability and concluding with education for sustainable development. Originality and Value: Vedic narratives are the ethno-eco-poetry of nature and human nature. It reflects this co-existence as a celebration of life. It reveals harmony and natural interconnectivity as well as the interdependence of all living entities and nature.
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Dr. Pooja Kumari. "Vedic Aged Women Empowerment." Creative Launcher 5, no. 3 (August 30, 2020): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2020.5.3.20.
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It is observed through Vedic literature that one time in India – in the ancient Vedic period women enjoyed equal rights. In fact, they were placed above men. Vedas have given evidences that Vedic women weren’t helpless, powerless, timid, weak or poor. It is said that when men became helpless (Vedic age) then women in the form of Durga, Chinnamastika, Bhavani, Dhrumawati, Kali, Jagdamba etc. gave a new rise to the world. Vedic Aged women were very capable and were given all due respects. From Adishakti to Sati Anusuiya, Savitri, Bihula, Gargi, Maitrayi etc. like many women powers blessed the human kind with all their ability, Capability, wisdom strength. Even in that time Gargi and Maitrayi contributed in creating social order for society. Sati Anusuiya created the unstoppable waves of Mandakini by her left feast attack on the earth. Because of their individual freedom Vedic Aged women had their social position as high as men, and this was all through equally at all levels.
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Veliath, Cyril, and K. Parameswara Aithal. "Veda-Lakṣaṇa Vedic Ancillary Literature: A Descriptive Bibliography." Asian Folklore Studies 53, no. 2 (1994): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1178667.
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Smith, Frederick M., and K. Parameswara Aithal. "Veda-Lakṣaṇa, Vedic Ancillary Literature: A Descriptive Bibliography." Journal of the American Oriental Society 113, no. 2 (April 1993): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/603061.
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Malik, Indu. "Multi-dimensional role of women in vedic literature." Asian Man (The) - An International Journal 14, no. 1 (2020): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-6884.2020.00022.5.
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Thakur, Rajesh Kumar. "Large Number System from Vedas and Vedic Literature." International Transactions in Mathematical Sciences and Computer 15, no. 01 (2022): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.58517/itmsc.2022.15104.
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Hinduism is undoubtedly the oldest religion of the world and though there are disagreement over the period amongst some historian but it was during 1900 to 1500 BC when Hindu religion came into existence. The foremost religious text of Hindu is Vedas and the origin of the Vedas can be traced back as far as 1500 BCE, when a large group of Aryans crossed the Hindu Kush Mountains and came to Indian subcontinent. The Vedas are full of knowledge.The Vedas have guided the Indian civilization for thousands of years and the Four Vedas are the pillar of Hinduism. The very word Veda has a derivational meaning – the fountainhead and illimitable storehouse of all knowledge. This article will only focus on the mathematical content available in Vedas, Puranas, Ramayana and Mahabharata. In Rig Veda and Atharva Veda, there are several instance where numbers in the power of tens, even numbers, odd numbers, multiples of four, value of pi, mathematical operation such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division have been discussed not in the way we use in our courses but the presence of larger number even up to 1060 is evident. The speed of light, about seven colourful rays of sunlight all these are enough to make a belief that Vedas have put a strong foundation of number system and decimal system. Not even that, even geometrical knowledge found in Sulbha sutra as par excellence and many of them have origin prior to Greek mathematician to whom we owe everything.
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K, Hemalatha. "Sangam literature showing about Veera Mangaiyar." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, no. 4 (October 30, 2021): 226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21427.
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Since ancient times, the Tamil community has given great value to women. It is said that in the Vedic period men had equal rights with women and husband and wife had equal rights in religious and social duties. The position of women during the Sangam period, similar to the Vedic period, was highly admirable. Women were considered to be of the highest character to household duties. Chastity is with loving virtues patience, morality, maintaining the heart, hospitality, circumference, etc., are the characteristics of the wife. The women of the sangam age considered Nanam better than the best life of all, that innocent chastity was better than that Nanam, and that their husband was life for wives. Women have maintained a good place of Nanam and chastity. She considered it is duty to give birth to the people and to be heroic. The purpose of this article is to express the heroic feelings of women in sangam literature.
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Sharma, Virat, and Manju K. Chattopadhyay. "Implementation of Novel 2x2 Vedic Multiplier using QCA Technology." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2603, no. 1 (October 1, 2023): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2603/1/012045.
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Abstract Advantages like working at high speed, scalability, and lower power consumption make QCA technology more feasible than modern CMOS technology. QCA Technology uses electrons’ Coulombic interaction and polarization to represent binary information 0 and 1. The present paper proposes a novel XOR Gate and a Half Adder design and uses them to implement a new 2x2 Vedic Multiplier on QCA technology. A 2x2 Vedic Multiplier multiplies two inputs, of two bits each, using Urdhva-Tiryakbhyam Vedic Sutra. The proposed circuit has a reduced cell count and Quantum cost compared Co-planar Vedic Multipliers to available in the literature. QCADesigner 2.0.3 is used for the simulation and verification of all three proposed circuits.
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Nandram, Sharda. "Vedic learning and management education." Journal of Management Development 33, no. 8/9 (September 2, 2014): 860–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmd-07-2013-0093.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss how management education in India can benefit from applying a Vedic Learning style. It argues that transformational learning, a key to transforming mindset, also increases the importance of ethical behavior in management education. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a literature review of Vedic education principles and transformational learning. It focusses on how to apply it in the management education. Findings – It presents an analysis of Vedic Learning, the Indian mindset and the role of transformational learning in Indian management education. While there is a decline in practicing Vedic Learning in India, in fact, it carries a huge potential for all-round development which would transform management education. The paper proposes ingredients for management education following Vedic Learning in terms of philosophy, designing programs, teacher's role, teaching environment and by integrating different types of skills for management. Practical implications – It implies that management education can be designed in a Vedic Learning style for revitalizing practical wisdom for facing the challenges of modern society, both in India and other parts of the world. Originality/value – It strengthens the relevance of the concept of Vedic Learning and shows its similarities with transformational learning.
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Mallik, Sangram Keshari, and Dr Braja Kishore Sahoo. "Vedic Philosophy and Swami Nigamananda." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 7, no. 12 (December 30, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v7i12.10214.
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Wonder that is India. India is wonderful because of its abundant and affluent cultural heritage. The cultural heritage of India is prudential of its spiritual richness and classical creativity. Vedic literature is the most wonderful and unparallel literary creation of Ancient India. Vedic literature has made this country worthy of worship. Vedas are without beginning and without end. Veda is author-less. It is Apauruseya. They are considered to be the direct word of the Divine. Vedic knowledge appeared in the dawn of the cosmos within the heart of Brahma. Brahma imparted this knowledge in the form of sound (Sabda) to his sons who are great sages. They transmitted the Vedic sound heard from Brahma to their disciples all over universe. There are four Vedas. They are the Rig Veda, Yajur Veda, Sama Veda and Atharva Veda. Four Vedas contain four types of texts such as The Samhitas, The Arankayas, The Brahmanas and The Upanishads. Veda is accepted as a code of conduct to Sanatan Dharma. The teaching of Veda is the concept that the individual is not an independent entity, but, rather, a part of the Universal Consciousness. Upanishads is the manifestation of Vedantic thought. Sada Darshan (Six Systems of Vedanta) is a very important part of Vedic philosophy. Swami Nigamananda a great Master of Vedic Literature achieved Nirbikalpa Sidhi of Vedanta in the year 1904. The philosophy of Vedanta is reflected in the creation of Swami Nigamananda. In his writings (Yogi Guru, Jnani Guru, Tantrik Guru, Premik Guru, Brahmacharya Sadhana and Vedanta Viveka) he has explained the main scriptures of Vedas such as The Upanishads, The Bramha Sutras and The Bhagavad Gita. His philosophy teaches us to love and live in a state of eternal freedom. The Philosophy of Swami Nigamananda is a synthesis of Sankar and Gouranga i.e. knowledge and love. Knowledge envisages the path of analysis and Love, the path of synthesis. In this way Nigamananda convincingly reconciled the two apparently contradictory creeds of Adi Shankaracharya and Gauranga Mohapravu. “He advised his disciples to combine Shankara’s view and Gournaga’s way and walk on this path of synthesis. In fact attainment of Jnana through Bhakti is the nucleus of his philosophy. Through his teachings and works, he proclaimed to the world the fundamental harmony of all religions that there are many paths which lead to the same goal”.
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Keshari Mallik, Sangram, and Dr Braja Kishore Sahoo. "Vedic Philosophy and Swami Nigamananda." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 7, no. 12 (December 28, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v7i12.10232.
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Wonder that is India. India is wonderful because of its abundant and affluent cultural heritage. The cultural heritage of India is prudential of its spiritual richness and classical creativity. Vedic literature is the most wonderful and unparallel literary creation of Ancient India. Vedic literature has made this country worthy of worship. Vedas are without beginning and without end. Veda is author-less. It is Apauruseya. They are considered to be the direct word of the Divine. Vedic knowledge appeared in the dawn of the cosmos within the heart of Brahma. Brahma imparted this knowledge in the form of sound (Sabda) to his sons who are great sages. They transmitted the Vedic sound heard from Brahma to their disciples all over universe. There are four Vedas. They are the Rig Veda, Yajur Veda, Sama Veda and Atharva Veda. Four Vedas contain four types of texts such as The Samhitas, The Arankayas, The Brahmanas and The Upanishads. Veda is accepted as a code of conduct to Sanatan Dharma. The teaching of Veda is the concept that the individual is not an independent entity, but, rather, a part of the Universal Consciousness. Upanishads is the manifestation of Vedantic thought. Sada Darshan (Six Systems of Vedanta) is a very important part of Vedic philosophy. Swami Nigamananda a great Master of Vedic Literature achieved Nirbikalpa Sidhi of Vedanta in the year 1904. The philosophy of Vedanta is reflected in the creation of Swami Nigamananda. In his writings (Yogi Guru, Jnani Guru, Tantrik Guru, Premik Guru, Brahmacharya Sadhana and Vedanta Viveka) he has explained the main scriptures of Vedas such as The Upanishads, The Bramha Sutras and The Bhagavad Gita. His philosophy teaches us to love and live in a state of eternal freedom. The Philosophy of Swami Nigamananda is a synthesis of Sankar and Gouranga i.e. knowledge and love. Knowledge envisages the path of analysis and Love, the path of synthesis. In this way Nigamananda convincingly reconciled the two apparently contradictory creeds of Adi Shankaracharya and Gauranga Mohapravu. “He advised his disciples to combine Shankara’s view and Gournaga’s way and walk on this path of synthesis. In fact attainment of Jnana through Bhakti is the nucleus of his philosophy. Through his teachings and works, he proclaimed to the world the fundamental harmony of all religions that there are many paths which lead to the same goal”.
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Kumar, Shailendra, and Sanghamitra Choudhury. "Ancient Vedic Literature and Human Rights: Resonances and Dissonances." Cogent Social Sciences 7, no. 1 (December 27, 2020): 1858562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2020.1858562.
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Tripathi, Shivam, and Nehal Dave. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SELFLESSNESS IN VEDIC AND YOGIC LITERATURE." VIDYA - A JOURNAL OF GUJARAT UNIVERSITY 3, no. 1 (February 22, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.47413/vidya.v3i1.314.
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The statement "Vedas are apaurusheya" makes it clear that these scriptures are beyond any worldly creation. However, the reality is that these texts encompass all the knowledge needed to lead a life in the world. Simultaneously, these scriptures also elucidate the path to attain that ultimate state which liberates one from the worldly cycle. Nevertheless, Vedas have often been perceived as emphasizing predominantly ritualistic worship and prescribing actions with desires. Consequently, the real knowledge present in them has been consistently overlooked. In contrast, Yoga philosophy has been accepted by people as a path to liberation, even though it is commonly used by many in society for physical and mental well-being. Therefore, it becomes imperative to understand the facts by comparing the concept of selfless deeds (Nishkamta) in Yoga and Vedic literature, which talk about liberation. Hence, this article aims to present a comparative analysis of the notions of selfless deeds in Yoga and Vedic literature.
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Deogade, Meena Shamrao, and Shiva Rama Prasad Kethamakka. "Krumi (Microorganisms) in Ayurveda- A critical review." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 10, no. 4 (January 14, 2020): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v10i4.1326.
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The microorganism or bacteria and their role in the cause of several infectious diseases have been recognized and elaborated in Ayurveda since Vedic period. There are many references relating to bacteria in ancient literature such as Rigveda, Atharveda, Shatapatha Bramhana etc. Krimi, Rakshas, Pishacha, Apsara, etc. terms are used for microorganisms and several types of microorganism have been recognized and described in Vedic literature. Some organisms are visible and macroscopic (Drishya) and some are of microscopic (adrishya). They may originate either inside or outside of body. They have identified for primary seat of infection (vesa) and secondary seat of infection (parivesa) in the body. Ayurveda recommended four methods to destroy microorganisms; viz. refraining, disentangling, removing and fumigating. This paper attempts to review the Vedic and Ayurveda understanding of the microbes is essential here to follow the contemporary knowledge for recognition and development of microbiological science in Ayurveda.
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Kumari, Sangeeta. "Ashwamedh Yagya: In the Context of Laukik Sanskrit Literature." Interdisciplinary Journal of Yagya Research 7, no. 1 (May 21, 2024): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36018/ijyr.v7i1.122.
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Yagya is a recognized and ancient Vedic worship practice in India and is considered the father of Indian culture. Therefore, the concept of Yagya has been beautifully and sweetly expressed in both Vedic literature and Laukik Sanskrit literature. In ancient times, ordinary Yagyas played an important role in internal refinement and self-purification, while Mahayagyas were conducted to purify social life. However, when the need arose for the complete reconstruction of the nation and the environment, the tradition of Ashwamedh Yagya began on a global scale. Ashwamedh is a grand spiritual experiment that enhances the happiness, peace, and prosperity of the nation. According to Pt. Shriram Sharma Acharya, "'Ashwa' symbolizes the large-scale evils in society, and 'Medha' signifies the eradication of all evils and flaws from their roots. Ashwamedh Yagya is associated with the Gayatri mantra for ecological balance and the purification of the spiritual environment." According to the Taittiriya Brahmana, Ashwamedh Yagya also aids in nation-building.
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Pokharel, Ramesh. "Developing Trends of Music in the Vedic and Mythological Eras." SIRJANĀ – A Journal on Arts and Art Education 7, no. 1 (September 21, 2021): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sirjana.v7i1.39352.
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The Vedas are religious texts which inform the religion of Hinduism also known as Sanatan Dharma; meaning eternal order or eternal Path. The Vedic – mythological period is considered to be the golden era in the history of world literature. Not only did the philosophy of the age reach a new pinnacle; but even aspects of music, art, culture, literature, sculpture, religion, and spiritualism were extended to their highest point. Amongst these cultural instruments, Music represents vocal and instrumental sounds combined in such a way as to produce beauty of form, harmony and expression of emotions. During this era music – vocal and instrumental were held in high respect in society. Music had both ritual and secular aspects. Sāmaveda is considered as the root of Vedic music as well as the root of today's south Asian classical music. Sāmagāna was considered as the sound of inspiration for the people of that age. This paper attempts to discuss the musical situations in Vedic and Mythological periods regarding its origin, development, extension and practices in ancient south-eastern i.e. Hindu civilization. The paper also points out why the need and importance of Vedic music in present day society is much more; especially in regards to the adoption of lessons and ethics from Sanatan Hinduism.
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Srivastava, Abhishek, and Col Prof (Dr ). T. P. S. Kandra. "Maharishi ji’s Vedic Science and World Peace." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Configuration 2, no. 2 (April 29, 2022): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.52984/ijomrc2201.
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This article reviews central aspects of the theme of peace in Maharishi ji Vedic Science, with an emphasis on the individual level. The literature of Maharishi ji Vedic Science is vast, and the theme of peace runs consistently through it from its beginnings, as has been demonstrated elsewhere in this Issue. There is therefore no intention here of presenting all of its richness, variety, and depth. Fortunately, not only is the teaching of Maharishi ji Vedic Science perfectly consistent across five decades but it seems at every point to contain the main elements of the theme, albeit with different emphases and at different levels of detail. Key Words: consciousness, transcendental, meditation, holistic, Peace,
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Visigalli, Paolo. "The Vedic Background of Yāska’s Nirukta." Indo-Iranian Journal 60, no. 2 (2017): 101–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15728536-06002002.
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The relation between Yāska’s Nirukta and the Vedic literature has been discussed by several scholars, but other than focusing on etymologies, it has been insufficiently studied. This article casts further light on the Vedic background of the Nirukta by considering three kinds of evidence. First, it explores the occurrences of nir-√vac in the Atharvaveda and in the Brāhmaṇas. Next it studies a method for classifying mantras that is first advanced in the Brāhmaṇas and then elaborated in the Nirukta. Third, it argues that Yāska’s model of nirvacana analysis was informed by a particular kind of Vedic etymology involving the opposition between evident (pratyakṣa ‘present before the eyes’) and cryptic (parokṣa ‘out of sight’) names.
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Dahl, Eystein. "Toward a formal model of semantic change: A neo-Reichenbachian approach to the development of the Vedic past tense system." Lingua Posnaniensis 57, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 41–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/linpo-2015-0003.
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Abstract This paper explores some ways in which a neo-Reichenbachian time-relational framework can be applied to diachronic data. The target language of this study is Vedic Sanskrit, the language of the sacred texts of Hinduism. The main focus of the paper concerns the evolution of the Vedic past tense system, which at the beginning of the Vedic tradition is aspect-based and later develops into a system where temporal remoteness and evidentiality distinctions determine the distribution of the past tense categories. This language therefore offers a particularly intriguing data set for exploring the diachronic relationship between aspect, proximal tense and evidentiality, a field of diachronic semantics which has only received limited attention in the research literature.
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Bhandari, Krishna Prasad. "Eco-spirituality in BhūmiSūkta." JODEM: Journal of Language and Literature 12, no. 1 (August 7, 2021): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jodem.v12i1.38718.
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The prime concern of this article is to unfold the eco-conscience of Vedic people through the Vedic text. It is to trace out their environmental and ecological awareness. The article aims at perceiving their eco-spiritual consciousness. This study becomes significant to analyze the Vedic literature through naturalistic perspective and it assists the contemporary eco-campaigners to address the eco-peril of this planet. In order to achieve this objective, this study uses the qualitative research paradigm mostly on the thematic interpretation. It has amalgamated the essence of some of the disciplines of naturalistic school of thought. The core conclusion of them is incorporated within the frame of eco-spirituality that becomes the eco-tool to analyze the text. The primary text is the Bhūmi Sūkta (the hymn to the Earth) from the Atharvaveda. After making the eco-reading upon the hymn, it is quite evident that the Vedic people were aware of the biophysical and temporal aspects of the Earth, and the earth ethics was their life principle for coexistence. The conclusion of this study is that the Vedic people had cherished spiritual ecology for due existence of living and non-living things on the earth.
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Mistry, Hiren, and Tukaram S. Dudhamal. "A Historical Review on Literature of Marma Science – An Ancient Healing Technique." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 9, no. 1 (January 15, 2022): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2022.9.4.67.
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Marma science is one of the hidden sciences of Ayurveda which was practiced in Vedic era. Marma science is an ancient art of healing based on re-energizing vital points in the body for revamping the Prana which is hidden status as Gupta Vidya (occult science). After stimulating the Marma points, many transformations in the body’s biochemistry might occur, resulting in a revolutionary chemical change in one’s make-up. Stimulation of these inner pharmacy pathways causes the body to produce therapeutic neurochemicals which allow the body and mind to heal. There are only a few scattered references in Vedic literature which indicate that this science has flourished since the beginning of humanity. In this review article, a modest attempt is made to gather historical details of Marma science, which might be used to re-explore Ayurveda’s new realms.
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Somawati, Ayu Veronika. "ITIHĀSA : SUSASTRA DAN SUMBER AJARAN ETIKA HINDU." Genta Hredaya: Media Informasi Ilmiah Jurusan Brahma Widya STAHN Mpu Kuturan Singaraja 7, no. 2 (October 31, 2023): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.55115/gentahredaya.v7i2.3254.
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The discussion about Vedic literature is never ending. One of the most popular parts of the Vedic literature is Itihāsa. This is because Itihāsa is often packaged in interesting forms such as comics and films so that it makes it easy for everyone to access and understand Itihāsa itself. Apart from its popularity because of its interesting story, as a part of the Vedic literature, of course Itihāsa has a lot of value in it. One of these values is the ethical value of Hinduism. This is interesting to study, so that Itihasa is not only understood as part of literature or just to entertain the public, but also as a means to know and understand Hindu ethical values and their forms of implementation in everyday life. Based on the research results, it can be understood that the first step in studying the Vedas is through the Itihāsa and Purāṇa. This is because both the Itihāsa and the Purāṇa contain the essence of the Vedic teachings themselves, including the teachings of Hindu morality. In the Rāmāyana as a part of Itihāsa, it is explained that Śrī Rāma is described as an ideal human being who must be emulated because of his character and behavior which always prioritizes obligations as a leader, son, husband, brother and friend. Like the Rāmāyana, the Mahābhārata also contains moral teachings that should be used as a guide by all mankind, even by modern humans like today. One of them is contained in the Bhagavadgītā as part of Bhīṣmaparva which shows how humans must be faithful to uphold the truth and not get stuck in arrogance, darkness of mind and other bad behavior and character.
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Levy, Ian. "Is the term ‘Sanatana Dharma’ more appropriate than the term ‘Hinduism’ to describe the Vedic tradition?" Transpersonal Psychology Review 18, no. 2 (2016): 58.1–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpstran.2016.18.2.58.
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The terms ‘Sanatana Dharma’ and ‘Hinduism’ are commonly regarded as synonymous to describe the Vedic tradition. This paper explores whether the term ‘Sanatana Dharma’ is more suitable than the term ‘Hinduism’ by examining the origins of both Hinduism and the principle of ‘Sanatana Dharma’. Based on the critical review of the evidence presented in the literature, this paper argues that ‘Sanatana Dharma’ is a more comprehensive term to describe the Vedic tradition than the term ‘Hinduism’.
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Rao, Y. V. Subba. "RICH HERITAGE OF ANCIENT HINDU WISDOM." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 5 (June 3, 2021): 240–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i5.2021.3946.
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Vedic Paradigm is a survey of Vedic literature of ‘Para Vidya’ of the unlimited realm of transcendental knowledge besides ‘Apara Vidya’ knowledge of material sciences has stupendous knowledge of science latent in them. Instead of exploring the science latent in the vedic literature by scientific management, Indian academics in support with some more from other countries together chose to nomenclature the rich heritage of ancient Hindu wisdom as “Nationalistic Pseudoscience”. The present study disproved this unwarranted criticism. ‘Jyotish’, one of the six Vedangas and ancillary of the four Vedas since antiquity, taken here in this paper as one example as an embodiment of all modern sciences latent.‘Jyotish’ is defined as the study of the effect of Astrophysics on the earth and all life living on it affording a clue to birth, death, rebirth and liberation of soul while affording proof that the entire subject together with the genesis of its principles is based on sunlight, the electromagnetic wave of light and radiation characterized by frequency or wavelength of oscillations.
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Karttunen, Klaus. "Orality vs. written text: mediaeval developments in Vedic ritual literature." Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore 08 (1998): 114–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/fejf1998.08.veda.
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Ferrara, Marianna. "One yajña, Many Rituals." Annali Sezione Orientale 76, no. 1-2 (November 28, 2016): 166–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24685631-12340008.
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Sacrifice is a keyword in religious studies. Yajña is a governing concept of Vedic literature. On the basis of the major theories of rituals that flourished between the 18th and the 19th centuries, yajña has been referred to as a perfect example of sacrificial pattern in Vedic tradition. However, while ‘sacrifice’ as a category has been widely discussed among scholars from different fields, the equivalence between ‘sacrifice’ and yajña has been tacitly assumed in the notion of ‘Vedic sacrifice’. Focusing on the rise of Indology as a discipline, this article explores the success of ‘sacrifice’ as a category in the history of scholarship in 18th- and 19th-century Europe. The main argument is that the equivalence between ‘sacrifice’ and yajña has developed at the crossroads between Indology and the socio-anthropological studies, while the Vedic notion of yajña is, indeed, strictly related to the semantic field that has developed around the root yaj-, of which it is proposed to maintain the etymological meaning “to honour, offer, dedicate”. As a result, it is suggested that the translation of yajña as ‘sacrifice’ may be rejected by three types of arguments: linguistic, theoretical, and historical.
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Khatri, Tilak Bahadur. "Idealistic Modification of the Materialistic Veda." Cognition 6, no. 1 (April 8, 2024): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/cognition.v6i1.64455.
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This article explores the origin and the later developments of the Veda. The objective is to examine the materialist philosophical content of the early Vedas and contrast it with the idealistic readings of the text from later eras. This article discusses the research issues surrounding the historical roots of the Vedic literature and the idealistic changes made to it in later times. The study has used historical materialism as a methodological tool and examined several Vedic verses, relating them to the socioeconomic conditions of the period in which they were composed. The article has analyzed the roots of some terminologies frequently used in the text and their connections to the philosophy of the Veda. The terms bhagavan, rita, Dānam, Havana, Brahman, yajña and name of some gods are frequently used in the Veda and their meanings are analyzed in a particular historical contexts. The article reveals that the Vedic verses are the simple creations of Vedic Aryans and they are associated with the everyday desires of the Vedic people, such as those for food, cattle, rain, safety, prosperity, health, and progeny. The early creation of the Vedic verses are this-worldly and materialistic in content and they are in no way otherworldly and spiritualistic. The meaning of most of the terminologies found in the text has materialistic origin and in course of time, their meanings are converted into opposite. The philosophy of the Veda has its root in the collective mode of production and with the introduction of private property and classes, the text is made an ideological tool of the minority of governing classes. The Veda's original materialistic meaning is altered, and the book is transformed into a spiritual guidebook—an ideological weapon used by the ruling classes to deceive and repress the vast majority of laboring people.
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Habib Gohar. "Ancient Taxila University: Dispelling Myths and Misconceptions." MAIRAJ 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.58760/mairaj.v2i2.29.
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The bell of the world's first university in Taxila has been ringing incessantly. However, concrete evidence and historical impacts are yet to be found. Nevertheless, references to a prestigious educational institution in Taxila are frequently encountered in texts. The Buddhist storytellers of South India have selected distant Taxila as the "University Town" to fulfill the demands of the story. After the decline of Taxila and other Buddhist cities at the hands of Mehrkula in the sixth century A.D., the organization and structuring of Hindu literature began to be carried out with great zeal and enthusiasm. Taxila was presented as an ancient Vedic city through the mythical events of Ramayana, Mahabharata, and Vayu Purana. During the British era, archaeological excavations were carried out in Taxila, but no traces of a Buddhist university or Vedic era were found. When English historians expressed their reservations about Indian history, nationalist Hindu historians became active in glorifying the greatness of ancient India. The mythical Buddhist University was presented as an ancient Vedic university. Characters such as Panini and Chanakya were introduced as teachers. With the resurgence of Hindutva in India, Taxila's Vedic university has also been given a new life. Indian history is being rewritten once again to establish the historical reality of Deva Mala. This article will not only dispel misconceptions about Taxila University but also reveal the fact that the tradition of formulating Vedic doctrine, which began after Christ, continued until the 20th century, and the ancient Taxila University was an important part of this continuum.
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KASAMATSU, Sunao. "On the Meaning of sam-sarj/srj in the Vedic Literature." JOURNAL OF INDIAN AND BUDDHIST STUDIES (INDOGAKU BUKKYOGAKU KENKYU) 54, no. 2 (2006): 882–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.54.882.
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Rao, RameshN, Alex Hankey, HR Nagendra, and R. Nagarathna. "Kāla and Mahakāla: Time and the timeless in the Vedic literature." International Journal of Yoga - Philosophy, Psychology and Parapsychology 1, no. 1 (2013): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2347-5633.123291.
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Ashokkumar, Sukanya. "Thoughts on Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility from Vedic Literature." Procedia Economics and Finance 11 (2014): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(14)00171-3.
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Škof, Lenart. "The Food, Water, Air and Fire Doctrines in Ancient Indian and Greek Philosophies from a Comparative Perspective." Asian Studies 9, no. 3 (September 10, 2021): 303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2021.9.3.303-320.
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The main aim of this article lies in the comparison of ancient cosmico-natural elements from the Vedic period with their counterparts in the Presocratics, with a focus on food, air, water and fire. By way of an introduction to the ancient elemental world, we first present the concept of food (anna) as an idiosyncratic Vedic teaching of the ancient elements. This is followed by our first comparison—of Raikva’s natural philosophy of Vāyu/prāṇa with Anaximenes’s pneûma/aér teaching in the broader context of both the Vedic and Presocratic teachings on the role of air/breath. Secondly, water as brought to us in pañcāgnividyā teaching from Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad and Chāndogya Upaniṣad is compared to the teaching of the Greek natural philosopher Thales. Finally, the teaching on fire as heat being present in all beings (agni vaiśvānara) and in relation to cosmic teachings on fire in the ancient Vedic world are compared to Heraclitus’ philosophy of fire as an element. Additionally, this article also presents a survey and analysis of some of the key representatives of comparative and intercultural philosophy dealing with the elemental and natural philosophy of ancient India and Greece.