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Journal articles on the topic "Vegetable oil - physico-chemical properties"
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Ahmad, Anees, Bazlul Mobin Siddique, Mohamad Hakimi Ibrahim, Sufia Hena, Mohd Rafatullah, and Mohd Omar A. K. "Physico-chemical properties of blends of palm olein with other vegetable oils." Grasas y Aceites 61, no. 4 (June 25, 2010): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.010710.
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Prathibha, S., V. Anusha Reddy, W. Jessie Suneetha, B. Anila Kumari, V. Vijaya Lakshmi, and K. Uma Maheswari. "Physico-chemical, Functional and Sensory Properties of Vegetable Oil Blends." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology 29, no. 4 (October 15, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2018/40193.
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Neagu, Anişoara-Arleziana, Irina Niţă, and Elisabeta Botez. "Correlations between some physico-chemical properties of sunflower oil." Analele Universitatii "Ovidius" Constanta - Seria Chimie 25, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2014-0013.
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Abstract The major objective of this study is to report physico-chemical properties of sunflower oil samples collected from different stages of the technological process for sunflower oil refining for food industry. The samples of oil were crude oil, washed oil, bleached oil and deodorized oil. The physico-chemical properties of sunflower oil experimentally determined were density, saponification value (SV), iodine value (IV), and acid value (AV). It was found that the density of sunflower oil remains approximately constant over the different stages of the manufacturing flow of cooking oil, except the crude oil. The acid value significantly decreases from crude oil (2.588) to deodorized oil (0.366). The iodine value and saponification value of the different samples of the sunflower oil corresponding to different stages of oil processing varies slightly. The capacity of different models to accurately correlate and/or predict the density of vegetable oil was tested. The density of sunflower oil can be accurately estimated from its SV and IV or with an empirical equation, when density data are available.
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Neagu, Anişoara-Arleziana, Irina Niţa, Elisabeta Botez, and Sibel Geaca. "A physico-chemical study for some edible oils properties." Analele Universitatii "Ovidius" Constanta - Seria Chimie 24, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/auoc-2013-0020.
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AbstractIn the present paper we have experimentally determined the density, saponification value, iodine value, acid value, peroxide value for four different edible oils: sunflower oil, corn oil, rapeseed oil and peanut oil. Density was determined in the temperature range of 20 °C - 50 °C, with a 10 degree step increase. The physicochemical properties of the investigated oils were within the requirements of food domain: saponification value varied from 164.84 to 206.45 mg KOH/g, peroxide value varied from 9.99 to 24.49 mEg O2/kg of sample, acid value varied from 0.22 to 3.97 mg KOH/g, iodine value varied from 94.35 to 102.02 g I2/100 g sample, and density varied from 0.9031 to 0.9208 g/cm3. Based on experimental data, density were correlated with others properties of edible oils. An empirical model was proposed to correlate oil density with iodine value and temperature. The results of the proposed model were compared with a model from literature. The accuracy of the proposed model was very good, the AAD varying in the range of 0.078 % to 0.092 %. The proposed model can be recommended for density of vegetable oils evaluation based on their IV, at different temperatures in the range of 20 °C to 50°C.
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Sbihi, Hassen Mohamed, Sadok Mokbli, Imededdine Arbi Nehdi, and Saud Ibrahim Al-Resayes. "Physico-chemical properties of Tecoma stans Linn. seed oil: a new crop for vegetable oil." Natural Product Research 29, no. 13 (March 27, 2015): 1249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2015.1024118.
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Lal, Arvind, A. K. Gupta, A. Kumar, and N. K. Yadav Indu. "Manufacture and study of physico-chemical properties of Karanja bio-diesel." Material Science Research India 7, no. 1 (June 25, 2010): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/070118.
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Bio-diesel is one of the pollution free, renewable sources of energy, providing an opportunity of employment to a large number of farmers and laboures through plantation of Bio-diesel plants like Jatropha, Karanja, Mahua, Neem, Polong etc. on a bigger scale in vast vacant land including the rail track and roadsides. The manufacturing of bio-diesel through transesterification of non-edible vegetable oils like Karanja (Pongamia Pinnata) proved to be compatible with HSD oil. The properties of Bio-diesel were found to be comparable to HSD oil by the investigation of certain physic chemical properties as per IS:1460/2000 and conforming the Bio-diesel standard as per ASTM D - 6751.
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Rajwani, S., and P. K. S. Yadav. "Synthesis of Biolubricant via Chemical Modification from Vegetable Oil Blend using Heterogeneous Catalyst." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 9 (2021): 2021–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23263.
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Present study reports the synthesis of biolubricant synthesis from the vegetable oil blend [dehydrated castor oil (DCO) and waste ricebran oil (WRBO)] using heterogeneous catalyst and its physico-chemical properties. The biolubricant was synthesized from blend of vegetable oils using two chemical modification processes i.e. synthesizing methyl esters of blend oil using sodium methoxide as catalyst and then epoxidation of synthesized methyl esters using Amberlite IR-120 strongly acidic ion-exchange resin. The biolubricant sample was examined by 1H & 13C NMR and FT-IR analysis. Viscosity index, rheological properties, thermal stability and pour point values of chemical and structurally modified blend oil (i.e. biolubricant) (Tonset = 215 ºC, iodine value (IV) = 197.5, pour point (PP) = -4.5 ºC) showed notable improvement than that from blend oil methyl esters (Tonset = 181 ºC, iodine value (IV) = 167.65, pour point (PP) = -9.5 ºC). Thus, a blend of non-edible oil (dehydrated castor oil) and waste cooking oil (WRBO) is likely to be used potentially as biolubricant basestock for hydraulic applications.
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Aminu, Ishaka, Aliyu Abubakar Gambo, and Muhammad Hassan Yankuzo. "Physico-chemical Characteristics of Sokoto Locally grown Cucumis melo L (Honeydew Melon) Seed Oil." Annals of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47838/acem.26011977.11162020.asmeda.9.0.
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Introduction: Owing to increase demand for safer and health promoting vegetable oils, a number of potential sources are being explored by researchers. Materials and Methods: In this study, oil was extracted using Soxhlet from Sokoto locally grown Cucumis melo L (honeydew melon). Physical and chemical properties (colour, moisture, pH, specific gravity, refractive index, acid value, iodine value, saponification value and peroxide value) of the oil were determined using standard analytical methods by Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Results: The results showed the percentage yield of the oil to be 27.46%. Physically, the oil was yellowish in colour, liquid at room temperature, with pH of 6.2 (0.01), specific gravity of 0.89 (0.32), and refractive index of 3.62 (1.0). The saponification, acid, iodine and peroxide values of the oil were 45.81 (5.19), 9.16 (0.21), 64.80 (4.31) and 10.50 (1.50) respectively. Conclusion: The results suggest that the oil has a potential for use as vegetable oil, in industries and, subject to further evaluation of the contents, health promoting purposes.
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A. Latif, Farah Ezzah, Zurina Zainal Abidin, Francisco Cardona, Dayang R. Awang Biak, Khalina Abdan, Paridah Mohd Tahir, and Liew Kan Ern. "Bio-Resin Production through Ethylene Unsaturated Carbon Using Vegetable Oils." Processes 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8010048.
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Bio-resins are bio-based materials derived from vegetable resources, especially from vegetable seed oils. It is widely known that bio-resources are renewable, highly available, and sustainable. Resins and most polymers are largely derived from petroleum-based sources that are known to pose chemical risks. Resins have practical applications in printing inks, plasticisers and diluents, as well as in coating materials. Vegetable oils possess a large number of oxirane groups, which are essential for epoxidation to occur, resulting in the production of bio-resins. This undeniably serves as a promising candidate for competing with fossil-fuel-derived petroleum-based products. Thus, the aim of this review paper is to highlight aspects related to the production of bio-resins, including the chemical route of vegetable oil epoxidation process and its influencing factors, the reaction kinetics, bio-resins and the physico-chemical and mechanical properties of bio-resins, along with their applications. The resins industry has seen some remarkable progress towards the commercialisation of several bio-resins originating from vegetable oils, such as soybean oil, castor oil, and linseed oil. This success has undoubtedly intensified further efforts in fields related to bio-resin applications. Research and development is ongoing with the aim of customising a feasible formulation for the synthesis of bio-resins with the desired properties for catering to various applications
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Alaa, M. A., Kamal Yusoh, and S. F. Hasany. "Comparative Study of Physico-Chemical Properties of Pure Polyurethane and Polyurethane Based on Castor Oil." Advanced Materials Research 983 (June 2014): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.983.39.
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Petroleum based polyurethanes are contributing major portions in the world requirement. To overcome the environmental issues and price adaptability, there is always a massive demand of utilization of renewable resources for polyurethane synthesis with comparable physico-chemical properties. Castor oil is the only major natural vegetable oil that contains a hydroxyl group (-OH) and unsaturated double bonds (C=C) in its organic chain and therefore can be employed with or without modification due to the excellent properties derived from the hydrophobic nature of triglycerides. In this study, physico-chemical properties of high performance polyurethane synthesized from Poly propylene glycol (PPG) in comparison with a combination of PPG and Castor oil (a renewable source), by in situ polymerization technique has been studied. The variations in properties of both types of polyurethanes are evaluated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Thermogravimetric analysis technique (TGA). Tensile strength properties were investigated by Film Tensile testing equipment. Results indicated the presence of large-CH stretching in castor oil mixed polyurethane with a larger oxidative thermal stability, over a pure PPG polyurethanes. Tensile properties were found almost comparable in pure and mixed polymers, which signify the usage of mixed polymer in coming future, to overcome the environmental and economical crisis in polyurethanes synthesis.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vegetable oil - physico-chemical properties"
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ALMEIDA, Katcilânya Menezes de. "Obtenção de mistura de óleos vegetais: otimização, caracterização e predição de propriedades físicas e químicas." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2012. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/773.
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CNPq
O Brasil possui grande potencial agrícola para produzir óleo vegetal, tanto para fins alimentares como para suprir parte da demanda de energia renovável, porém nos últimos cinco anos tem sido o maior importador de azeite de oliva do mundo, devido aos seus benefícios para a saúde. Neste contexto objetivou-se, com este trabalho, a elaboração de misturas especiais de óleos vegetais para fins alimentícios, com base nos óleos de amendoim, gergelim, maracujá e soja. Os óleos de amendoim e gergelim como alternativa por serem culturas produzidas no Brasil, constituem uma fonte de ácidos graxos e antioxidantes tão pouco explorados na alimentação dos brasileiros, tal como o óleo de maracujá como co-produto, descartado pela indústria de suco e ainda o óleo de soja cuja matéria-prima abundante, tornam o produto acessível aos consumidores de todas as classes sociais. Os óleos de amendoim e gergelim foram extraídos de sementes das cultivares BRS-Havana e BRS-Seda, respectivamente, cedidas pela Embrapa Algodão enquanto o óleo de maracujá foi adquirido no comércio de São Paulo e o de soja no de Campina Grande. As misturas foram elaboradas com base em uma matriz de planejamento experimental e, em seguida, submetidas às análises de composição de ácidos graxos e ensaios físico-químicas (umidade, índice de acidez, índice de iodo, índice de refração, densidade e viscosidade) segundo a metodologia do IAL (2008). As medidas obtidas foram utilizadas para estudar e otimizar a elaboração das misturas de óleos vegetais e como variáveis para predição por espectrometria no infravermelho próximo (NIR) foram utilizados os mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS) como metodologia de calibração multivariada. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA), à análise de variância multivariada (MANOVA), à análise de correlação canónica e à análise de correlação de Pearson, pelo software SAS 9.1.3; na análise de componentes principais (PCA) e regressão por mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS) utilizou-se o software Uncrambler 9.8®. Concluiu-se que a mistura equivalente a 40% de óleo de amendoim, 20% de óleo de gergelim, 20% de óleo de maracujá e 20% de óleo de soja apresentou-se como a melhor mistura para fins alimentares, com base na composição de ácidos graxos. Os métodos de predição por NIR foram eficazes para a estimativa não destrutiva, rápida, de baixo custo e direta, dos ácidos graxos palmítico, esteárico, oleico, linoleico, araquídico e linolênico e para as medidas físico-químicas de densidade, índice de refração, viscosidade, índice de acidez e índice de iodo.
Brazil has great potential to produce vegetable oils as a source of raw materiais for food and energy. But in the last five years has been the largest importer of olive oil in the worid due to its health benefits and wide divulgation. In this context, the aim of this work was the development of special blends of vegetable oils as an alternative to olive oils based on peanut, sesame, soy and passion fruit. The peanut and sesame oils because they are a source of fatty acids and antioxidants in the diet of little explored in Brazil, passion fruit oil as co-product of the juice industry, and soybean oil abundant raw material which makes the product available to consumers of ali social classes. The peanut and sesame oils were extracted from seeds of BRS-Seda and BRS-Havana, while passion fruit oil was purchased commercially of city São Paulo-SP and trade soybean in the city of Campina Grande-PB. The mixtures were prepared based on an array of experimental design and then submitted to analysis of fatty acid composition and physico-chemical (moisture, acid value, iodine value, refractive index, density and viscosity). Moreover, were used as reference variables for prediction via infrared spectroscopy (NIR) using the partial least squares (PLS) and multivariate calibration methodology. The results were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), canonical correlation analysis and Pearson correlation analysis by SAS 9.1.3 software, the principal component analysis (PCA) and Partial least squares regression (PLS) was used Uncrambler 9.8 ® softwarlt was concluded that the mixture equivalent to 40% peanut oil, 20% sesame oil, 20% passion fruit oil, and 20% soybean oil was presented as the best mix for food composition based on fatty acids. The prediction by NIR methods were effective for estimating non-destructive, rapid, inexpensive and direct fatty acids palmitic, stearic, oleie, linoleic, linolenic and arachidic and physico-chemical measurements of density, refractive index, viscosity, acid value and iodine value.
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Rodrigues, Ângela. "Chemical modification of vegetable oils to improve oxidative resistance and physical properties." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501958.
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This thesis investigates the acetylation of the unsaturated groups present in the hydrocarbon chain of rapeseed oil and esterification of the hydroxyl groups present in hydrogenated castor oil. The reaction of carboxylic acids, acetic anhydride and acid chlorides with the hydroxyl group of solid hydrogenated castor oil is explored to instigate a change in the physical properties. Such modifications often change the solid, lard-like material, into a liquid with potential for use as a dielectric fluid. The reaction of hydrogenated castor oil with acetic acid and sulphuric acid or PTSA as catalysts, results in 98% yield for esterification of the hydroxyl group after only 2 hours reaction at 120 °C. At this point, there is evidence that unsaturation in the chains of the ricinoleic acid starts to appear.
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Kodavali, Swathi Sree. "Physico-chemical properties, and water and oil uptake characteristics of novel, soy-based snacks processed using extrusion." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15055.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Grain Science and Industry
Sajid Alavi
Extrusion processing and frying are the two most commonly used methods to produce savory snacks. These snacks are mostly starch based and also contain high amounts of fat. Snacking percentage has increased drastically over the past few decades causing many health problems like obesity, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The overall objective of this study was to develop novel soy based savory snack that are high in protein and has less fat using both extrusion processing and frying. In the first part of this study both defatted soy (25-75%), wheat flour, monoglycerides (0.375 & 0.75%) and sodium bicarbonate (0 and 0.5%) were used to produce dense extrudates, which mimic the shape of lentils using pilot scale twin screw extruder. The extrudates were soaked in water and fried in corn oil to produced savory snacks. Soy influenced the water absorption during soaking and oil uptake during frying. The water uptake and % fat decreased with increase in soy and the amount of water uptake influenced the % fat absorption in the product. No significant differences were observed in overall acceptability and to summarize the increased protein and dense structure of the products challenge the texture of the products. In the second part of this research, dynamics of water and oil uptake were studied to see the role of texture modifiers like soy protein isolate (4, 8, & 12%), calcium bicarbonate (0.2, 0.4 & 0.6%) and pregelatinized wheat starch (4, 8, & 12%) on texture, water and oil uptake. Descriptive sensory analysis was conducted to study the sensory attributes of the products. Water holding capacity is influenced by the level of % starch addition and the degree of starch degradation during processing. Oil uptakes correlates to that of WHC and is also affected by the degree of gelatinization and crust formation. Degree of starch gelatinization, oil uptake and oil and starch matrix interactions had an impact on hardness. Among SPI, CaCO3 and PGWS, PGWS lowered the product hardness followed by SPI and CaCO3. Descriptive sensory results are similar to experimental results with PGWS samples having lower initial or substantial hardness and more oxidized or heated oil aroma and flavor.
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Karaj, Shkelqim [Verfasser]. "Characterization of physico-chemical properties of Jatropha curcas L. and optimization of mechanical oil extraction and sedimentation / Shkelqim Karaj." Aachen : Shaker, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1049380452/34.
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Silva, Marcus Vinícius Ivo da. "Efeitos do uso do biodiesel sobre propriedades do óleo lubrificante usado em um motor de ignição por compressão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18135/tde-02102006-153234/.
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Dentro da seqüência natural de testes para validar o uso do biodiesel (éster etílico) misturado ao óleo diesel em maiores proporções no Brasil, este trabalho teve o objetivo de estudar os efeitos do uso de uma mistura combustível B10 (com concentração de 10% em volume de biodiesel diluído em óleo diesel) na degradação do óleo lubrificante de um motor de ignição por compressão, aspirado, de 1,9 L e de injeção indireta. Acoplado a um dinamômetro, o motor foi submetido à condição de velocidade constante de 2.500 rpm, sob carga variável, e abastecido com três combustíveis diferentes: óleo diesel puro, B10 de biodiesel de soja e B10 de biodiesel de soja e nabo forrageiro. Cada combustível alimentou o motor durante 30 horas. Para determinar a degradação resultante, selecionaram-se as propriedades do óleo lubrificante usado em cada etapa para serem analisadas (viscosidade, contaminação por água e presença de elementos). Os resultados revelaram que o uso de 10% volume dos dois tipos de biodiesel na mistura combustível não causou variação significante na concentração de elementos e nas propriedades físico-químicas do óleo lubrificante.Adding to an ongoing sequence of tests aimed at validating the use of biodiesel (ethyl ester) mixed with diesel in higher proportions in Brazil, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of utilizing a B10 fuel mixture (10% volume biodiesel diluted in diesel) on the degradation of lubricating oil in an aspirated, indirect-injection, 1.9 L compression-ignition engine. Coupled to a dynamometer, the engine was operated at a constant speed of 2,500 rpm under variable load and run with three types of fuel: pure diesel, B10 soy biodiesel, and B10 soy and fodder turnip biodiesel. Each type of fuel fed the engine for 30 hours. To determine the resulting degradation, selected properties of the lubricating oil used in each run were analyzed (viscosity, contamination by water and presence of elements). The results revealed that the use of a 10% volume of either type of biodiesel in the fuel mixture did not lead to significant variation in the concentration of elements or in the physico-chemical properties of the lubricating oil.
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Barbosa, Fabio Rocha. "DiagnÃstico de Falhas Incipientes a Partir das Propriedades FÃsico-QuÃmicas do Ãleo Isolantes em Transformadores de PotÃncia Como MÃtodo Alternativo à AnÃlise de Gases Dissolvidos." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9189.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorO diagnÃstico de falhas incipientes em transformadores de potÃncia imersos em Ãleo està diretamente relacionado à avaliaÃÃo das condiÃÃes do sistema de isolamento. Este estudo aborda a relaÃÃo entre os gases dissolvidos no Ãleo e a qualidade do Ãleo mineral isolante utilizado em transformadores de potÃncia. As redes neurais artificiais sÃo utilizadas na abordagem da avaliaÃÃo das condiÃÃes operacionais do Ãleo isolante em transformadores de potÃncia, que à caracterizada por um comportamento dinÃmico nÃo-linear. As condiÃÃes de operaÃÃo e a integridade do sistema de isolamento de um transformador de potÃncia podem ser inferidas atravÃs das anÃlises fÃsico-quÃmicas e cromatogrÃficas (AnÃlise de GÃs Dissolvido). Estes ensaios permitem estabelecer procedimentos de operaÃÃo e manutenÃÃo do equipamento e normalmente sÃo realizados simultaneamente. Esta tese de doutorado propÃe um mÃtodo que pode ser usado para extrair informaÃÃes cromatogrÃficas usando as anÃlises fÃsico-quÃmicas atravÃs de redes neurais artificiais. As anÃlises atuais das propriedades fÃsico-quÃmicas fornecem apenas diagnÃstico do estado do Ãleo, o que nÃo permite o diagnÃstico de falhas incipientes. Acredita-se que, as concessionÃrias de energia podem melhorar a confiabilidade na previsÃo de falhas incipientes a um custo menor com este mÃtodo, uma vez que apenas um ensaio à necessÃrio. Os resultados mostraram que esta estratÃgia à promissora com mÃdia de acertos em diagnÃsticos de falhas maiores que 72%. O objetivo deste trabalho à a aplicaÃÃo direta do diagnÃstico de falhas incipientes atravÃs da utilizaÃÃo de propriedades fÃsico-quÃmicas, sem a necessidade de fazer uma cromatografia do Ãleo.
The diagnosis of incipient fault in power transformers immerses in oil are directly related to the assessment of the isolation system conditions. This search is about the relationship between dissolved gases and the quality of the insulating mineral oil used in power transformers. Artificial Neural Networks are used to approach operational conditions assessment issue of the insulating oil in power transformers, which is characterized by a nonlinear dynamic behavior. The operation conditions and integrity of a power transformer can be inferred by analysis of physicochemical and chromatographic (DGA â Dissolved Gas Analysis) profiles of the isolating oil. This tests allow establishing procedures for operating and maintaining the equipment and usually are performed simultaneously. This work proposes a method that can be used to extract chromatographic information using physicochemical analysis through Artificial Neural Networks. The present analysis of physicochemical properties only provide a diagnostic tool for the oil quality, which does not allow the diagnosis of incipient faults. ItÂs believed that, the power utilities could improve reliability in the prediction of incipient failures at a lower cost with this method, since only one test is required. The results show this strategy might be promising with an average accuracy for diagnosis of faults greater than 72%. The purpose of this work is the direct implementation of the diagnosis of incipient faults through the use of physicochemical properties without the need to make an oil chromatography.
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Valente, Joana Miguel Leite Duarte. "Subprodutos alimentares: novas alternativas e possíveis aplicações farmacêuticas." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5312.
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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências FarmacêuticasAs indústrias agroalimentares produzem anualmente grandes quantidades de resíduos cuja valorização é mínima ou nula. Atualmente sabe-se que apenas uma pequena parte é reaproveitada para a alimentação direta de animais ou para compostagem. Tendo em conta que esses resíduos contêm importantes teores de nutrientes e de compostos bioativos, são aqui referidas algumas vias alternativas de aproveitamento desses subprodutos, nomeadamente para a indústria farmacêutica. Esta estratégia de gestão de resíduos, para além de valorizar fortemente um subproduto, diminui consideravelmente a carga poluente resultante da atividade agroindustrial. A sustentabilidade é um conceito bastante complexo que se resume no desenvolvimento económico e social, sem provocar grandes danos ao ambiente e aos recursos naturais. Atualmente existem inúmeros casos de aproveitamento e consequente valorização de materiais que no passado eram rejeitados pelas indústrias agroalimentares e que devem servir de exemplo para todos os processos de produção alimentar, potenciando outras indústrias, como a farmacêutica. Assim, a utilização de recursos subaproveitados, com o objetivo de aumentar a produtividade e criar riqueza, terá de merecer, cada vez mais, maior atenção. A nível nacional, os setores mais importantes são os da vitivinícola, produção de azeite, setor cervejeiro, produção de frutas e hortaliças e de torrefação do café. Atendendo a este mercado emergente, neste trabalho tentou-se caracterizar os resíduos alimentares que apresentam maior impacto ambiental, social e económico, através de uma descrição detalhada da caracterização química e propriedades biológicas dos constituintes químicos presentes nestes resíduos e que podem beneficiar a indústria farmacêutica.
Each year, the agri-food industries produce large amounts of waste, which are often discarded. Only a minor percentage is usually used for animal feeding or for composting. As this waste contains important amounts of nutrients and bioactive compounds, routes for their recovery and valorization are here identified, in particular to pharmaceutical industry. The adoption of such strategy of waste management also results in a strong decrease of its pollution burden. Sustainability is a complex concept that can be explained as the economic and social development without causing significant damages to the environment and natural resources. Currently there are many cases reporting the use and valorization of materials that were rejected by the food industries and this should be an example for all food producing processes, enhancing other industries, as the pharmaceutical industry. Thus, the use of underutilized resources, in order to increase productivity and create wealth, must have to earn increasingly greater attention. At the national level the most important sectors are the wine, olive oil, beer industry, fruits and vegetables production and coffee roasting. In view of this emerging market, this study attempted to characterize the main food waste with the greatest environmental, social and economic impact, through a detailed description of the chemical and biological properties that many of the chemical constituents present in these residues may provide in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Chen, Yi-Te, and 陳怡德. "A study of different extrusion processes on the physico-chemical properties of the texturized vegetable protein." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80564620292491525950.
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碩士國立屏東科技大學
食品科學系
94
Texture vegetable protein, TVP, as called artificial meat, are rich in soybean protein and isoflavones. Nowadays, very fewer reaearch reported that effect of extrusion process on the isoflaovoen contents and antioxidant ability of TVP, so it is necessary to know that extrusion processes to the change of the isoflavone contents and antioxidant ability. In the study, a single-screw extruder was taken advantage of processing of defatted soybean flour and soybean protein isolate for the production of texturized vegetable protein. Extrusion process variables, such as barrel temperature (140, 150, 160˚C), feed moisture content (35, 40, 45%), full fat soybean flour content (0, 10, 20, 30%), and soybean protein isolate content (15, 25, 35%) had been investigated into their influences on the physicochemical properties of TVP (moisture content, color difference, cooking loss, density , shear force, water absorption index, isoflavone contents (including daidzin (Din), genistin (Gin), daidzein(Den), genistein (Gen)), DPPH scavenging, reducing power, and protein digestibility). The results showed that increasing FMC to 45% would increase the Den and Gen contents, DPPH scavenging ability, and protein digestibility of TVP, in general. Values of physico-chemical properties of the TVP were higher, when the BT and FMC are 150˚C and 45%, respectively. It will improved the density of TVP and △E by adding 10% of FFSF in an appropriate amount but the DPPH scavenging ability and reducing power were obvious decreased, and reducing power of TVP increased, when FFSF content was increased to 30%. Increasing SPI to 35% would increase the △E , shear force and cooking loss of TVP.
Book chapters on the topic "Vegetable oil - physico-chemical properties"
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"Comparative Study on Tribological Properties of Nanofluids in Friction-Wear Experiments and Grinding Processing." In Enhanced Heat Transfer Mechanism of Nanofluid MQL Cooling Grinding, 298–316. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1546-4.ch013.
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This chapter presents the lubricating properties of different vegetable-oil-based nanofluids through a comparative evaluation between frictional test and grinding experiment. The first experiment aimed to prejudge the lubricating properties of different nanofluids with a frictional test, which simulated the interface state of grinding between the abrasive grains and the workpiece. The second aimed to test and verify the lubricating properties of the same nanofluids through a grinding experiment. The mechanism of oil-film formation of nanofluids in the grinding zone was analyzed by morphology and element analysis of the worn surface. The experimental results show that Al2O3 nanofluids have the best tribological properties. Compared with pure base oil, the friction coefficient is reduced by 20%, and the optimal friction surface morphology is obtained. The good anti-friction and anti-wear properties of nanofluids are attributed to the formation of the protective oil film formed by chemical reaction on the surface.
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Tacke, Thomas, and Peter Panster. "Selective and Complete Hydrogenation of Vegetable Oils and Free Fatty Acids in Supercritical Fluids." In Green Chemistry Using Liquid and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195154832.003.0020.
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As described in other chapters of this book and elsewhere (Jessop, 1999), a wide range of catalytic reactions can be carried out in supercritical fluids, such as Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, isomerization, hydroformylation, CO2 hydrogenation, synthesis of fine chemicals, hydrogenation of fats and oils, biocatalysis, and polymerization. In this chapter, we describe experiments aimed at addressing the potential of using supercritical carbon dioxide (and carbon dioxide/propane mixtures) for applications in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils and free fatty acids. Supercritical fluids, particularly carbon dioxide, offer a number of potential advantages for chemical processing including (1) continuously tunable density, (2) high solubilities for many solids and liquids, (3) complete miscibility with gases (e.g., hydrogen, oxygen), (4) excellent heat and mass transfer, and (5) the ease of separation of product and solvent. The low viscosity and excellent thermal and mass transport properties of supercritical fluids are particularly attractive for continuous catalytic reactions (Harrod and Moller, 1996; Hutchenson and Foster, 1995; Kiran and Levelt Sengers, 1994; Perrut and Brunner, 1994; Tacke et al., 1998). There are a number of reports on hydrogenation reactions in supercritical fluids using homogenous and heterogeneous catalysts (Baiker, 1999; Harrod and Moller, 1996; Hitzler and Poliakoff, 1997; Hitzler et al., 1998; Jessop et al., 1999; Meehan et al., 2000; van den Hark et al., 1999). We have investigated the selective hydrogenation of vegetable oils and the complete hydrogenation of free fatty acids for oleochemical applications, since there are some disadvantages associated with the current industrial process and the currently used supported nickel catalyst. The hydrogenation of fats and oils is a very old technology (Veldsink et al., 1997). It was invented in 1901, by Normann, in order to increase the melting point and the oxidation stability of fats and oils through selective hydrogenation. Since the melting point increases during the hydrogenation, the reaction is also referred to as hardening. The melting behavior of the hydrogenated product is determined by the reaction conditions (temperature, hydrogen pressure, agitation, hydrogen uptake). Vegetable oils (edible oils) are hydrogenated selectively for application in the food industry; whereas free fatty acids are completely hydrogenated for oleochemical applications (e.g., detergents).
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Scherer Santos, Júlia, Guilherme Diniz Tavares, and Thaís Nogueira Barradas. "Vitamin E and Derivatives in Skin Health Promotion." In Vitamin E in Health and Disease - Interactions, Diseases and Health Aspects [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99466.
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Vitamin E is fundamental for a proper function of human cells. Mostly obtained from vegetable oils, it has antioxidant and non-antioxidant actions. At times, its oral intake or skin application are employed. Oral intake is recommended in some cases. Differently, the topical application is a part of daily skin routine. Both in oral or in topical formulations, it is employed in its isoforms or derivatives. Tocopherols and tocotrienols are isoforms while derivatives are synthetic forms. In pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations, vitamin E and its derivatives are widely used due to its antioxidant and photoprotective properties. However, the clinical success treatment is often impaired by its low skin penetration, high lipophilicity, and chemical instability. A rational formulation design in the development of novel vitamin E dosage forms is required. In this chapter, the most successful and innovative approaches towards Vitamin E and its derivatives loaded in formulations for skin health promotion are reviewed. Conventional and nanoparticle-based formulations enable vitamin E chemical stabilization, and they are suitable vehicles for its release on the skin. Further, nano-sized carriers can increase vitamin E content in formulations as well as favor its skin penetration.
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Kumar, Anil, and Monika Chandrabhan Dhote. "Microbe Associated Phytoremediation Technology for Management of Oil Sludge." In Handbook of Research on Uncovering New Methods for Ecosystem Management through Bioremediation, 1–28. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8682-3.ch001.
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Environmental contamination due to petroleum compounds is a serious global issue. Oil /petroleum refineries produce huge amount of oil sludge during drilling, storage, transport, refining which spoil soil and ground water resources. Such activities release different compounds viz. alkane, mono- polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), asphaltene, resins and heavy metals. Due to physico-chemical properties, PAHs are one of most targeted compounds as they are highly persistent, carcinogenic, and have mutagenic effects on ecosystem. Such problems of PAHs drag researcher's attention to find some reliable and cost effective solution for oil sludge disposal management. Since last few decades, extensive research work has been carried out on various methods for treatment of oil sludge. In recent years, microbial assisted phytoremediation treatment technologies are being studied since these are reliable and cost effective for field applications. Here, we have discussed about combined eco-friendly technology of plant and microbe(s) to treat oil sludge for its better management.
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Singh, Sandip Kumar. "Utilization of Plant Biomass for the Production of Renewable and Sustainable Biofuels With Zero Carbon Emission." In Recent Technologies for Enhancing Performance and Reducing Emissions in Diesel Engines, 26–43. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2539-5.ch002.
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Biofuels for use of transport and industrial purposes have been synthesised on a substantial scale since 1970s, using a set of technologies. Today, biofuels are widely available using sugar, grains, starch-based bioethanol, and oil seeds-based biodiesel. For enhancing the anticipations of product portfolio of plant biomass-to-biofuels formation, it is vital to develop effective conversion technologies for upgradation of abundantly available lignocellulosic biomass resources into value-added co-products particularly biofuels and chemicals. In this chapter, brief synthesis processes and utilization of synthesised biofuels such as methanol, ethanol, butanol, gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel have been outlined for their use in transport sectors either as a neat or blended with gasoline. Biofuels' physico-chemical properties, performances, gas emissions, pros, and cons of various synthesised biofuels' neat and blend are compared with non-renewable fuels. Thenceforth, discussion gradually focuses towards the zero-carbon emission upon the utilization of biofuels derived from plant biomass.
Conference papers on the topic "Vegetable oil - physico-chemical properties"
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Erhan, S. Z., A. Adhvaryu, and Z. Liu. "Chemical Modification of Vegetable Oils for Lubricant Basestocks." In ASME 2003 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2003-0595.
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Use of vegetable oil based lubricants will reduce petroleum imports and have a favorable environmental impact. The vegetable oils are derived from a renewable sources, biodegradable, non-toxic, possess high flash points and have low volatility. Inadequate oxidative stability and poor low-temperature properties of vegetable oils limit their utilization as lubricants. In this study, we report the development of chemical modification methods to improve these functional properties. The resultant vegetable oil derivatives having diester substitution at the sites of unsaturation shows comparable properties to mineral base fluids.
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Mannekote, Jagadeesh K., and Satish V. Kailas. "Influence of Chemical Structure on the Boundary Lubrication Properties of Vegetable Oils." In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-25070.
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Vegetable oils are increasingly used as lubricant base oils, because of sustainability issues and regulations. In present study coconut, palm, sunflower and castor oils were used to represent different levels of unsaturation, where as castor oil was selected to represent influence of hydroxyl group. The effect of oxidation on the boundary lubrication properties was evaluated by subjecting the oils to accelerated ageing at 333,353 and 373 k according to AOCS method. The experiments were carried out by using of four ball tester increase in observed wear scar diameter with temperature was more with oil having higher percentage of unsaturated fatty acids. At the same time it was also observed that increase in wear scar diameter with temperature was more with castor oil compared to other oil samples. The poor boundary lubrication properties observed with aged oil samples was possibly due to the deterioration of the triglyceride structure.
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Badan, Aleksandra, and Tomasz Majka. "The influence of vegetable-oil based polyols on physico-mechanical and thermal properties of polyurethane foams." In The 21st International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-21-04763.
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Grushcow, J. "High Oleic Plant Oils With Hydroxy Fatty Acids for Emission Reduction." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63515.
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The lubricating properties of vegetable oil are well known. However, with the advent of petroleum oils, castor oil and other vegetable oils fell out of favor. The quality of petroleum oils has improved significantly in the last few years with the introduction of Group III base oils. However, even Group III oils fall short of the inherent lubricity of vegetable oils. Analogous to advances in petroleum oils, improvement of vegetable oils by genetic modification to obtain high oleic oils has led to better acceptance of these oils as lubricants. Studies have shown significant reduction in tail pipe emissions when using these types of oils in an engine crank case. We have successfully expressed a hydroxylase gene in a high oleic canola variety. The combination of a high oleic background and hydroxy fatty acids produced an oil with properties that improve further on high oleic oils. The presence of the hydroxy group provides improved lubricity. This technology will allow us to create oils with varying hydroxy fatty acid content depending on the application. These applications can range from use in lubricants, as chemical feedstocks, and reactive components in polymers.
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Danila, Elena, Madalina Georgiana Albu Kaya, Mihaela Violeta Ghica, Ana-Maria Bunea, Lacramioara Popa, Durmus Alpaslan Kaya, Sevket Ozturk, Maria-Minodora Marin, Cristina-Elena Dinu-Pirvu, and Valentina Anuta. "Formulation and characterization of anti‐aging cosmetic emulsions based on collagen hydrolysate and caffeine." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.ii.6.
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The goal of this work was to formulate and characterize some O/W emulsions, designed as skin anti-aging creams. The cosmetic formulations based on collagen hydrolysate, caffeine and natural ingredients (essential and vegetable oils) were evaluated organoleptically, in terms of pH, morphological, superficial and rheological properties. The rheological measurements were carried out at 23 and 32°C, and the shear stress versus shear rate ascending and descending rheograms were built, as well as the flow patterns viscosity versus shear rate. All emulsions obtained are stable at different temperatures and the pH values correspond to the skin physiological one, indicating that cosmeceuticals can be safely applied to the skin. Results from the optical microscopy analysis show that all emulsions presented a creamy and foamy appearance. The superficial profiles, quantified through contact angle at solid/liquid interface, indicated a high emulsions hydrophilicity degree. The emulsions showed a pseudoplastic and thixotropic behaviour, facilitating the flow formulations and the topical application. The flow properties were quantified according to the Power law model, and the thixotropic analysis was performed using specific descriptors as thixotropic area and thixotropic index. The designed emulsions presented physico-chemical properties adequate for cosmetic skin care product formulations.
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Sivapirakasam, S. P., R. Anand, G. R. Kannan, and K. R. Balasubramanian. "Optimization of Biodiesel Production Using RSM and Study of Combustion Characteristics on DI Diesel Engine." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86777.
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Biodiesel is a monoalkyl ester of fatty acid of long chain derived from vegetable oil or animal fats. In this present investigation deccan hemp oil, a non-edible vegetable oil is used as feed stock for the production of biodiesel. Response surface methodology based on Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD) is used to analyze the interaction effect and to optimize the transesterification reaction variables such as temperature, catalyst concentration and oil to methanol ratio on biodiesel yield. A quadratic model is developed based on the CCRD, correlating the yield of biodiesel with reaction variables. The predicted yield by optimization condition is found very close to the experimental values. The optimum condition for biodiesel production is found at the temperature of 55° C, oil to methanol ratio of 1:9, catalyst of 0.5%, stirring speed of 350 rpm and a reaction time of 3h gave the maximum yield of 95%. The physical and chemical properties of deccan hemp oil and its methyl ester is determined as per ASTM standards. The produced biodiesel showed shorter ignition delay of 10.5° CA and lower heat release rate when compared to diesel at full load condition.
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Nagaraj, A. M., and G. P. Prabhu Kumar. "Emission and Performance Characteristics of a Single Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine Operating on Esterified Rice Bran Vegetable Oil and Diesel Fuel." In ASME 2002 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2002-521.
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The alkyl monoesters of fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats, known as bio diesel, are attracting considerable interest as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. Biodiesel-fueled engines produce less carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbons, and particulate emissions than diesel-fueled engines. However, bio diesel has different chemical and physical properties than diesel fuel, including a larger bulk modulus and a higher cetane number. Some of these properties can be affected by oxidation of the fuel during storage. These changes can affect the timing of the combustion process and potentially increase the emissions of oxides of nitrogen. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of injection and combustion timing on bio diesel combustion and exhaust emissions. Bio diesel fuel is a clean burning fuel made from natural renewable sources such as rice bran vegetable oil. Bio diesel operates in compression ignition engines similar to diesel fuel. It can be burnt in any standard unmodified diesel engine blended with 20% to 30% bio diesel with diesel. Rice bran oil can be converted into bio diesel fuel as ethyl ester by transestirification. Experimental investigations have been carried out using bio diesel as an alternative fuel in single cylinder, compression ignition engine under varying operating conditions and by varying the injection timings with respect to TDC. In this work various parameters such as brake power, peak pressure rise, and emissions during combustion process under varying operating conditions with diesel, bio diesel, bio diesel blends were measured. The exhaust emissions from the engine were measured using exhaust gas analyzer.
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Luma, Kosovare, Arleta Rifati-Nixha, Fatjona Isufaj, and Miribane Dërmaku-Sopjani. "Physico - chemical properties of almond oil." In University for Business and Technology International Conference. Pristina, Kosovo: University for Business and Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.33107/ubt-ic.2018.185.
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Catalanotti, E., K. J. Hughes, M. Pourkashanian, I. Uryga-Bugajska, and A. Williams. "Development of a High Temperature Oxidation Mechanism for Bio-Aviation Fuels." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68667.
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Almost all current civil and military aviation around the world use a kerosene-type fuel. However one of the alternatives is to use a mixture of petrochemicals and biofuel, especially methyl esters derived from vegetable oil (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters, FAMEs) that given their properties appear to be one of the most suitable for Aviation fuels. Studies were conducted to develop a fundamental and detailed reaction mechanism for the combustion of bio-aviation fuel through a combination of the existing kerosene based reaction mechanism developed previously by the authors (Aviation Fuel Reaction Mechanism v1.1), along with published chemical kinetic mechanisms for methylbutanoate (MB). Methylbutanoate is the simplest FAME that exhibits similar patterns of reactivity to FAME’s of longer carbon chain length typical of those derived from vegetable oils, furthermore it has been the subject of several studies to provide chemical kinetic mechanisms to predict its oxidation behavior. Evaluations of the combined reaction mechanism have been performed using CHEMKIN™ and similar software simulating high temperature/pressure conditions. A comparison between the oxidation processes of the Kerosene and Bio-Aviation fuel was carried out, along with sensitivity analysis to provide insight into some of the differences observed. A similar behaviour was observed for blends of 20%MB/80%Kerosene in the combustion conditions studied, indicating that combustion in current aircraft engines would not be adversely affected by using such a blend.
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Moulai, H., I. Khelfane, A. Yahiat, T. Toudja, A. Nacer, M. M. Zemirli, and F. Doussas. "Physico-chemical properties of power transformer oil mixtures." In Melecon 2010 - 2010 15th IEEE Mediterranean Electrotechnical Conference. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/melcon.2010.5476358.
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