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Journal articles on the topic 'Vegetable tanned leather'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

Udkhiyati, Mustafidah, and Fitrilia Silvianti. "The Utilization of Chitosan as Natural Antibacterial for Vegetable Tanned Leather." Materials Science Forum 948 (March 2019): 212–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.948.212.

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Leathers, which are made from natural fibers, can serve as media for microorganisms to grow. The currently used antimicrobial agents or biocides in the leather industry are harmful to human health and the environment. Therefore, the use of antimicrobial agents should be restricted. This study aims at developing eco-friendly biocides that could substitute for toxic chemicals as it will be tested on vegetable-tanned leather. Due to their large surface area and ability to retain moisture, the vegetable tanned leather has a higher possibility of biodeterioration than other types of leathers tanned by mineral tanning agents. In this work, the natural biopolymer of chitosan was chosen for its ability to inhibit the bacterial growth. The results showed that chitosan coating by impregnation method in drum using chitosan/leather ratio of 1% in formic acid for 2 hours is successfully achieved the bacterial growth inhibition.

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UDKHIYATI, Mustafidah, Nur Mutia ROSIATI, and Fitrilia SILVIANTI. "The Influence of Chitosan towards Antibacterial Properties in Natural Leather." Leather and Footwear Journal 20, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/lfj.20.4.8.

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The abundant hydroxyl groups (-OH) of vegetable tanned leather enhances the bacterial growth possibility. In this work, antibacterial vegetable tanned leather was developed taking advantage of chitosan antibacterial activity. Different chitosan utilization method was conducted, namely drum impregnation and spraying. Antibacterial testing was carried out using agar diffusion method to identify the effect of chitosan against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). The results showed that the use of 1% (w/v) chitosan by spraying method tends to be more effective in improving the antibacterial properties of vegetable tanned leather. While, the leather sample of drum impregnation at initial pH 4 has the lowest antibacterial activity among others. The results of FTIR analysis showed that there was no significant difference between control and chitosan modified tanned leather, confirming the similar functional groups between it.

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3

Sendrea, Claudiu, Cristina Carsote, Mihai Radu, Elena Badea, and Lucretia Miu. "The Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Shrinkage Activity of Collagen in Vegetable Tanned Leather." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 7 (August 15, 2017): 1535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.7.5711.

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The dose dependent effect of gamma irradiation on collagen in vegetable tanned leather was studied by the MHT method. Examination of the irradiated samples at 3 months after the irradiation treatment revealed variations of the main shrinkage temperatures and intervals. Up to 25 kGy, the shrinkage temperature does not vary while the total shrinkage interval decreases suggesting cross-linking as the main process. At higher doses, the decrease of shrinkage temperature is accompanied by the increase of the total shrinkage interval indicating that peptide chain scission becomes predominat. Quebracho-tanned sheep leather shows to be the less resistant to the deterioration effect of gamma radiations, while both mimosa-tanned goat leather and quebracho-tanned calf leather better withstand the destabilization effects.

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4

Conde, Mireia, Felip Combalia, Lluis Ollé, and Anna Bacardit. "Pine Tannin Extraction from Residues of Pine Forest Exploitation." Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association 115, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v115i6.3821.

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The main aim of this study is to use the vegetable extract obtained from the residues of pine forest exploitation as a source of tannins that, acting both as a tanning and retanning agent, can replace other vegetable extracts and chrome in leather tanning. The study thus proposes a bio resource more sustainable to use in tanning process that avoids the use of chemical products that are detrimental to our health and can have an impact on the biodegradable nature of the final tanned leather. Furthermore, in addition to the benefits of using a new, fully biodegradable tanning material (Biodegradability of vegetable tanned leather is poor than chrome tanned leather), this is a locally sourced product, which allows the carbon footprint to be notably reduced (Vegetable tanning contributes more carbon foot print than chrome tanning). Additionally, it should be possible to add value to forestry residues over a short period of time, which would undoubtedly contribute to improving forest management in Spain and would also be beneficial in many ways.

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Gao, Yanping, Shuang Yang, Xiaoyun Jian, Lucretia Miu, Carmen Gaidau, and Wuyong Chen. "Effect of UV Irradiation on Vegetable Tanned Leather." Leather and Footwear Journal 15, no. 4 (December 15, 2015): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/lfj.15.4.1.

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6

LAMB, M. C., and H. ANDERSON. "Penetration of Acid Dyes into Vegetable-tanned Leather." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 50, no. 7 (October 22, 2008): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1934.tb01834.x.

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7

Mondal, AK, and PK Chattopadhyay. "Influence of the micro-structural factors upon thermal and mechanical properties of various bag leathers." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 52, no. 3 (October 3, 2017): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v52i3.34147.

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Four different bag leathers, such as, Sheep Bag Leather (SBL), Buffalo Vegetable Tanned Leather (BVTL), Cow Drum Dyed Dry Milled Leather (CDDDML), and Cow Crocodile Print Leather (CCPL), were processed by different methods from respective wet-blues of Indian origin. Thermal degradation pro?le and mechanical properties of the samples were evaluated, and crosslink densities of each sample were measured by ?tment of Mooney-Rivlin equation on stress-strain plots. Morphological characteristics (e.g. ?bre structure, ?bre thickness, splitting etc.) of all the specimens were investigated by image analyses of SEM photomicrographs. The highest crosslinking density for BVTL was attributed to its higher ?bre and ?bril thicknesses coupled with rigorous retanning by vegetable tannins and syntans. Embossing at higher temperature and pressure reduced CCPLs elongation-at-break value and hence stretchiness possibly due to the development of set properties within the CCPL matrix. SBL was noted to contain huge void spaces that increased its stretchiness, and melamine formaldehyde syntans showed pronounced in?uence in increasing the thermal resistance of both CCPL and CDDDML.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 52(3), 167-176, 2017

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8

Jing, Li, Gong Taisheng, Xu Haiyan, Chen Yangyi, Huang Shaoqing, and Zhong Huafeng. "Study on dyeing of vegetable tanned leather with indigo." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1790, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1790/1/012003.

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9

Sefaah, Jennifer Tabi, Eric Apau Asante, and Kwadwo Fosu Duako. "Methods used to manage defects related to vegetable tanned leather." Leather and Footwear Journal 19, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/lfj.19.2.4.

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10

Romer, Frederik H., Andrew P. Underwood, Nadine D. Senekal, Susan L. Bonnet, Melinda Duer, David G. Reid, and Jan H. Van der Westhuizen. "Tannin Fingerprinting in Vegetable Tanned Leather by Solid State NMR Spectroscopy and Comparison with Leathers Tanned by Other Processes." Molecules 16, no. 2 (January 28, 2011): 1240–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules16021240.

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11

Costa, Vinícius, Ariane Neiva, and Edenir Pereira-Filho. "Chromium speciation in leather samples: an experiment using digital images, mobile phone and environmental concepts." Eclética Química Journal 44, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v44.1.2019.p62-74.

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This study proposes a new and simple method for Cr speciation and Cr(VI) determination in leather samples using digital images. The experiments were performed using a mobile phone and a free app called PhotoMetrix that was used to obtain and process data. The results obtained from PhotoMetrix were compared to reference methods using UV−Vis spectroscopy. A statistical evaluation between both proposed and the reference methods using two-sample t-test did not show a significant difference at a 95% confidence level. Bovine leather samples (4 samples) tanned with Cr salts and ovine leather samples (3 samples) tanned with vegetable tannin were analyzed. The proposed method presented limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 0.6 and 2 mg/kg, respectively. In addition, the proposed method using PhotoMetrix and digital images can provide undergraduate students an opportunity to learn topics such as quantitative analyses, environmental chemistry, speciation chemistry, image processing and treatment of statistical data. The results demonstrated that the proposed method can be applied to routine analyses and in experimental analytical chemistry courses.

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12

Wagner, Kerstin, Thomas Schnabel, Marius-Catalin Barbu, and Alexander Petutschnigg. "Analysis of Selected Properties of Fibreboard Panels Manufactured from Wood and Leather Using the Near Infrared Spectroscopy." International Journal of Spectroscopy 2015 (December 31, 2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/691796.

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This paper deals with the characterization of the properties of wood fibres leather shavings composite board by using the near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and multivariate data analysis. In this study fibreboards were manufactured with different leather amounts by using spruce fibres, as well as vegetable and mineral tanned leather shavings (wet white and wet blue). The NIR spectroscopy was used to analyse the raw materials as well as the wood leather fibreboards. Moreover, the physical and mechanical features of the wood leather composite fibreboards were determined to characterize their properties for the further data analysis. The NIR spectra were analysed by univariate and multivariate methods using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) method. These results demonstrate the potential of FT-NIR spectroscopy to estimate the physical and mechanical properties (e.g., bending strength). This phenomenon provides a possibility for quality assurance systems by using the NIRS.

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13

Cucos, Andrei, Petru Budrugeac, and Lucreţia Miu. "DMA and DSC studies of accelerated aged parchment and vegetable-tanned leather samples." Thermochimica Acta 583 (May 2014): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2014.03.022.

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14

Şendrea, Claudiu, Lucreţia Miu, Marian Crudu, and Elena Badea. "The Influence of New Preservation Products on Vegetable Tanned Leather for Heritage Object Restoration." Leather and Footwear Journal 17, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/lfj.17.1.2.

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15

Ali Hassan, Rushdya Rabee. "Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to detect thermal degradation of vegetable and chrome-tanned leather." Spectroscopy Letters 52, no. 5 (May 28, 2019): 288–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00387010.2019.1623262.

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16

Wang, Ya Juan, Ya Li, Xin Zhang, Ning Kun Wu, and Shuang Xi Shao. "The Influence of Organosilane on Physicochemical Characterization of Waste Leather Powder with Different Size." Materials Science Forum 847 (March 2016): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.847.241.

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In order to reduce the pollution of the waste material, the waste leather powder tanned with vegetable tannin was used in this work, and vinyitrimethoxy silane was chosen as coupling agent. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to investigate the thermal properties of the powder sample. Both thermal decomposition temperature and denaturation temperature of the modified sample were higher than those of the raw samples due to the interaction between leather powder and silane, which can be demonstrated by Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM-EDS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Additionally, the flowing property, hydrophilicity and water absorption rate of the powder samples was also examined. The results showed that the hydrophilicity and moisture absorption of the leather powder sample modified with silane was lower than the raw materials. And the flowing properties of the modified samples also decreased because of the coupling reaction of the flexible vinyitrimethoxy silane.

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17

Brandt, Luise Ørsted, Jannie Amsgaard Ebsen, and Kirstine Haase. "Leather Shoes in Early Danish Cities: Choices of Animal Resources and Specialization of Crafts in Viking and Medieval Denmark." European Journal of Archaeology 23, no. 3 (March 3, 2020): 428–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eaa.2020.2.

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This article presents the findings of the minimally destructive biomolecular species identification method known as ZooMS (zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry) to identify the use and choices of resources for manufacturing leather shoes in urban contexts in Viking and medieval Denmark. Whereas parchment and historical skin samples have been previously analysed by ZooMS, the potential of the method is demonstrated here for archaeological, vegetable-tanned, and waterlogged leather from the eleventh to thirteenth-century Danish cities of Ribe, Odense, and Viborg. Sheep, goat, and cattle were used to produce shoes, with explicit choices of species for specific purposes. The selection seems to be largely based on the skins’ material properties, suggesting that functionality was more important than signalling. The urban environment is seen as promoting synergy among providers of resources, crafts, and customers.

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18

حسن عبد الکريم, محمد. "The Use Of Re-Tainning Materials For The Treatment Of Vegetable Tanned Leather: Article Review." مجلة کلية الآداب 53, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 61–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/bfa.2019.186737.

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19

Sendrea, Claudiu, Elena Badea, Ioana Stanculescu, Lucretia Miu, and Horia Iovu. "Dose-Dependent Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Collagen in Vegetable Tanned Leather by Mobile NMR Spectroscopy." Leather and Footwear Journal 15, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/lfj.15.3.1.

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20

Badea, Elena, Claudiu Şendrea, Cristina Carşote, Alina Adams, Bernhard Blümich, and Horia Iovu. "Unilateral NMR and thermal microscopy studies of vegetable tanned leather exposed to dehydrothermal treatment and light irradiation." Microchemical Journal 129 (November 2016): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2016.06.013.

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21

Kasmudjiastuti, E., B. Pidhatika, G. Griyanitasari, and I. F. Pahlawan. "The effect of alum addition on shrinkage temperature, chemical properties, and morphology in the manufacture of vegetable-tanned leather." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 602 (September 6, 2019): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/602/1/012044.

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22

Carsote, Cristina, Claudiu Şendrea, Maria-Cristina Micu, Alina Adams, and Elena Badea. "Micro-DSC, FTIR-ATR and NMR MOUSE study of the dose-dependent effects of gamma irradiation on vegetable-tanned leather: The influence of leather thermal stability." Radiation Physics and Chemistry 189 (December 2021): 109712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109712.

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23

ANDREYEVA, OLGA, NATALIIA PERVAIA, INNA LOSHKAREVA, and NATALIA CHUMAKOVA. "RESEARCH OF PROPERTIES, STRUCTURAL FEATURES AND TECHNOLOGICAL POSSIBILITIES OF NEW POLYMERIC MATERIALS FOR FILLING-RETANNING OF LEATHER." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 297, no. 3 (July 2, 2021): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2021-297-3-162-167.

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The paper presents the results of research of two new industrial polymer materials in the form of the Syntan RS3L product and the Syntan F187 product. It has been experimentally established that these materials differ in appearance, structure, and physicochemical properties. So, the first product is a solution of polyacrylates and is well compatible with water, while the second product is a synthetic composition of melamine-formaldehyde resins and inorganic compounds based on aluminium, iron, potassium, sulfur, silicon in the form of a powder, which is partially soluble in water. Using the method of infrared spectroscopy, the features of the structure of polymeric materials are determined – the presence of various groups and bonds, which indicates the polyfunctional nature of both reagents. It was found that after treatment of a chrome tanned collagen preparation with Syntan LF187, the optical density in the IR spectrum of collagen changes to the greatest extent at a frequency of 876-873 cm-1, which corresponds to stretching vibrations of O-O groups of peroxides in the protein structure. When exposed to the Syntan RS3 product, significant changes are observed in the frequency range 1240-1235 cm-1, which corresponds to the stretching and deformation vibrations of the nitrogen-containing Amide II groups, amines and OH groups of alcohols. When studying the technological capabilities of polymeric materials as reagents for filling and retanning chrome tanned leather for shoe uppers from cattle raw materials, it was found that, according to the organoleptic assessment and the indicator of the generalized objective function, the best were leather samples processed with 2.0 % of the Syntan RS3 product. The results obtained can be explained by the peculiarities of the distribution and interaction of materials in the structure of the dermis, the essence of which is the formation of strong and at the same time flexible bonds, which has a positive effect on the formation of the structure and quality indicators of leather. To confirm the obtained data, it is planned to conduct semi-production tests. It is expected that the quality of the finished product will improve, and the existing vegetable and synthetic tanning agents will be replaced with a modern, more efficient and environmentally friendly polymer material.

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24

Radi Abdel Kader, Rabea. "Study of the Micro Biological Deterioration Effect on the Vegetable – Tanned Leather Shoes from Mamluk Era with an Application on the Agricultural Museum in Egypt." History Research 5, no. 3 (2017): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.history.20170503.12.

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25

AI, Nasr. "Evaluation Abu-Dleek Sheep Leathers Properties." International Journal of Zoology and Animal Biology 3, no. 1 (2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/izab-16000201.

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Abu-Dleek sheep are from animal hair producers and live under arid conditions and hot climate. This study aims to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of Abu-Dleek tanned leathers. Fifteen sheep skins were collected and divided into three tanning groups; chrome tanning, vegetable tanning with quebracho and vegetable tanning with mimosa. After tanning, all tanned leathers were tested physically and chemically. Data showed increments in tensile strengh, tearing strengh, bursing stretch, permeabiliy of water vapor, pH and ash values of chrome tanned leathers versus vegetable tanned leathers. The results declared the superurity of the chrome tanned leathers’ quality, while quebrcho tanned leathers’ quality was surpased mimosa tanned leathers. It could be concluded the convenient of Abu-Dleek tanned leathers to be used in a wide range of manufacuring purposes like garments, bags and lining.

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26

Sebestyén, Z., E. Jakab, E. Badea, E. Barta-Rajnai, C. Şendrea, and Zs Czégény. "Thermal degradation study of vegetable tannins and vegetable tanned leathers." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 138 (March 2019): 178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2018.12.022.

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27

Pathan, Shamina Imran, Silvia Scibetta, Chiara Grassi, Giacomo Pietramellara, Simone Orlandini, Maria Teresa Ceccherini, and Marco Napoli. "Response of Soil Bacterial Community to Application of Organic and Inorganic Phosphate Based Fertilizers under Vicia faba L. Cultivation at Two Different Phenological Stages." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 20, 2020): 9706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229706.

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It is essential to investigate to which extent and how specifically soil–plant–microbe interactions can be conditioned by different agricultural practices. Legumes such as Vicia faba is one of the essential functional group in intercropping and crop rotations due to its higher N fixing capacity. Hence, it is important to study the living microbial community of this legume. Further, it is also expected that fluctuations in soil microbial diversity and composition could be complemented by plant phenological stages and different fertilizer amendments. Thus, we investigated bacterial community composition in soil treated with phosphate-based inorganic and organic fertilizers, in the presence of Vicia faba plants at flowering and fruiting time using NGS 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Further, the evaluation of plant biomass parameters under different fertilizer treatments was also carried out. The presence of the Vicia faba plant increased the abundance of N fixing bacterial such as Bardyrhizobium, Microvirga (Rhizobiales), Arthrobacter, and Psuedoarthrobacter (Actinomycetales) in soil. Fluctuation in composition and diversity of bacterial community was further supplemented by plant phenological stages. These alterations could be due to changes that occurred in the plant nutrient requirement and varied root exudation patterns at a specific phenological stage. Further, fertilizer treatments also have a profound effect on the diversity and structure of the bacterial community. Organic fertilizers, especially vegetable tanned leather waste (VTLW), have a stronger effect on the composition and diversity of bacterial community compared to inorganic fertilizer (PT—triple superphosphate). Alpha-diversity was significantly decreased by both organic and inorganic amendments, especially a species evenness because each fertilizer tends to stimulate the growth of distinctive microbes that dominated the community of amended soil. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Cyanobacteria were the most abundant phyla, and Chelatococcus, Cyanobacteria, Sphingomonas, and Microvirga were a most abundant genus that contributed most in co-occurrence pattern, which suggests that these generalists are adapted to a variety of environments. These indicate that plant presence was a key, dominating factor, followed by fertilizers and time, in affecting soil bacterial diversity and composition. Plant recruits system (fertilization and time) -specific taxa due to differences in available nutrients and energy sources among different treatments during different growth stages. Further, fertilizer treatments did not have a stronger effect on plant production as compared to the effect on microbial community, which highlights that organic fertilizers did not tend to increase plant production. Thus, organic and inorganic amendments with matched macronutrients could have a similar impact on crop yields.

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Aslan, Ahmet. "Improving the Dyeing Properties of Vegetable Tanned Leathers Using Chitosan Formate." Ekoloji 22, no. 86 (March 31, 2013): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5053/ekoloji.2013.864.

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29

Falcão, Lina, and Maria Eduarda M. Araújo. "Tannins characterisation in new and historic vegetable tanned leathers fibres by spot tests." Journal of Cultural Heritage 12, no. 2 (April 2011): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2010.10.005.

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30

Larsen, René. "Experiments and observations in the study of environmental impact on historical vegetable tanned leathers." Thermochimica Acta 365, no. 1-2 (December 2000): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6031(00)00616-x.

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31

van Driel-Murray, C. "Practical Evaluation of a Field Test for the Identification of Ancient Vegetable Tanned Leathers." Journal of Archaeological Science 29, no. 1 (January 2002): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jasc.2000.0649.

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32

Hassan, Rushdya Rabee Ali. "In Vitro Study for Use of Cactus Gel in Enhancing the Mechanical Strengths of Vegetable Tanned Leathers Under Accelerated Aging." International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 21, no. 1 (October 29, 2019): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12541-019-00178-x.

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Sundar, V. John, and C. Muralidharan. "Metal-Free Combination Tanning with Replenishable Polyphenols and Marine Oil." Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association 116, no. 9 (September 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v116i9.4398.

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In line with the resurgence of natural products in the global manufacturing industry, the leather industry is also relooking the increased use of organic materials. To exploit the benefits of the vegetable tanning materials and to couple with suitable organic material for overcoming the inherent shortcomings of vegetable tanning materials, studies were undertaken. Tanning materials like raw fish oil have advantageous properties to impart on leather such as softness, lightweight, and washability characteristics. Hence studies were undertaken on polyphenol-fish oil combination tannages. The quantities of wattle and fish oil and process conditions were standardized. The study indicated that the oxidation of fish oil could take place in the presence of vegetable tannins. The leathers tanned by this combination tanning system could be converted into garment leathers of rich shades and possessed good strength and physical properties. Propelled by encouraging results, investigations were also made on the nature of interaction between vegetable tannins and fish oil with collagen. It was also observed that the vegetable tannins probably do not hinder the oxidation of oil. To sum up, the study leads to the development of a viable, versatile organic tanning system to gain eco-acceptability for the leather manufacturing process.

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34

Blaschke, Kristina. "Lubricants on Vegetable Tanned Leather: Effects and Chemical Changes." Restaurator. International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material 33, no. 1 (January 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/res-2012-0004.

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35

Ibrahim, Bustami, Ella Salamah, Nurul Hak, and Ade Komalasari Suhendar. "Chrome Tanning Leather of Giant Sea Perch Combined with Seed Extract Areca Nut on the Physical Characteristics." Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia 17, no. 2 (November 25, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.17844/jphpi.v17i2.8697.

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Tanning is the process of converting raw hide protein to leather, which are stable, not easily decompose, and is suitable for a variety of uses. The use of vegetable based tanning materials in the leather tanning process has not been carried out. Vegetable based materials that were used are betel nuts. This plant contains tannin which is the main agent in the process of leather tanning. The aim of this study was to determine the physical characteristics of snapper leather treated with betel nut extract. Soxhlet extracting method with methanol as a solvent were used to obtain tannin from betel nuts. Tanned Snapper Leather were analyzed for physical quality, elongation strength, tensile strength, tear strength, and sewing strength. The result showed that methanol extracted betel nut with 10% concentration gives the optimum physical characteristics.<br />Keywords: areca nut, chrome, snapper, snapper

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36

John Unango, Franco, Ramesh Duraisamy, and Karthikeyan M Ramasamy. "A Review of Eco-Friendly Preservative and Bio-Tannin Materials Using Powdered Barks of Local Plants for the Processing of Goatskin." International Research Journal of Science and Technology, December 2019, 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.46378/irjst.2019.010103.

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Skin is a raw material which is considered as the heart of leather making process. Skin falls vulnerable upon the flayed of the animals and is seriously invaded by bacteria if it is not well protected. Curing and preservation of raw stock resist putrefaction and reserve leather quality. Worldwide, most commonly used skin preservation is by using table salt which is accused of polluting the environment by increasing soil salinity, affecting water body, releasing more than 40% dissolved solids and 55% chlorides etc. Further, on the side of leather tanning, 80-90% of all leathers is manufactured by tanning with basic chromium (III) salt, because of its excellent features and is also solemnly accused that; its safety record is cautionary, uncontrolled emission of chromium (VI) and it is a limited natural resources. Pollution control authorities of many countries are imposed severe restrictions on both salt preservation and chrome tanning forcing the tanners and researchers to look for possible alternative ways that are naturally abundant, easily obtainable, low priced, eco-friendly and offer competitive with existing tanned leather performances. The critical reviewed was targeting the recent alternatives trends to skin/hides salt preservation as well as vegetable tanning as a possible way to replace the use of basic chromium salt for the sustainability of leather industry and to further suggest another preservative and vegetable plant to be used in future studies.

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Zhang, Zetian, Yang Liu, Junchao Wang, Taoling Xie, Liying Sun, and Zhengjun Li. "A chrome-free combination tanning strategy: based on silicic acid and plant tannin." Journal of Leather Science and Engineering 3, no. 1 (July 15, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42825-021-00058-z.

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Abstract Silicic acid, commonly derived from cheap and easily available sodium silicate, has recently received great attention for application in leather industry to produce ecological leather with a cleaner approach. However, leather tanned with silicic acid alone is poor in storage stability, which limits its practical application in leather production. In this work, a new environment-friendly combination tannage based on silicic acid and plant tannin was developed to address this issue along with improving the comprehensive performances of leather. The obtained leather was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and so on. The results showed that compared with leather tanned with silicic acid alone, the leather tanned with this combination method possessed improved thermal stability, enhanced mechanical properties, acceptable softness, appropriate hydrophilicity, and especially enhanced storage stability. More importantly, the combination tanned leather with 1:1 of the mass ratio of silicic acid to vegetable tannin (composed of valonea extract and mimosa extract with the same weight) had more prominent comprehensive performances. In addition, the results demonstrated that hydrogen bonding played an important role in the combination tanning process. Furthermore, the hydrogen bonds generated between phenolic hydroxyl groups of polyphenols with silicon hydroxyl groups of silicic acid molecules inhibited the excessive condensation of Si-OH groups between themselves. Subsequently, the assessment of environmental impact revealed the value of BOD5/COD of the wastewater produced in this combination tanning process is more than 0.3, indicating the chrome-free combination tannage based on silicic acid and plant tannin was an environment-friendly tanning technology. These findings therefore indicated that a new chrome-free tanning method with silicon and biomass materials as main tanning agents has potential practical application prospect in leather production. Graphical abstract

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Liu, Jie, Lan Luo, Yadi Hu, Fang Wang, Xuejing Zheng, and Keyong Tang. "Kinetics and mechanism of thermal degradation of vegetable-tanned leather fiber." Journal of Leather Science and Engineering 1, no. 1 (September 2, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42825-019-0010-z.

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Baglioni, Michele, Angelica Bartoletti, Laurent Bozec, David Chelazzi, Rodorico Giorgi, Marianne Odlyha, Diletta Pianorsi, Giovanna Poggi, and Piero Baglioni. "Nanomaterials for the cleaning and pH adjustment of vegetable-tanned leather." Applied Physics A 122, no. 2 (February 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-015-9553-x.

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Boahin, JOB, R. Steiner, and JA Agyem. "Adapting vat dye as an alternate dyeing agent for vegetable tanned leather." Journal of Science and Technology (Ghana) 31, no. 2 (September 8, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/just.v31i2.69396.

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Badea, Elena, Cristina Carşote, Emanuel Hadîmbu, Claudiu Șendrea, and Maria-Cristina Lupaș. "The effect of halloysite nanotubes dispersions on vegetable-tanned leather thermal stability." Heritage Science 7, no. 1 (September 3, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40494-019-0310-x.

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Safaah, J. T., E. A. Asante, and N. A. Arthur. "Design and construction of a texturing device for locally produced vegetable tanned leather surface." British journal of innovation in science and technology, February 28, 2018, 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22406/bjist-18-3.1-5-16.

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Choudhury, Tasrina R., U. H. Bodrun Naher, Sarifa Akter, Bilkis A. Begum, and M. Safiur Rahman. "Chromium (III) Removal from Synthetic Wastewater Using Biochar Produced from Vegetable Tanned Leather Shaving Dust." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, May 27, 2020, 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2020/v26i430249.

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In recent years, the rapid industrialization leads to increase industrial discharges without any appropriate treatment. The present study deals with the removal of Cr (III) ions from aqueous solutions by ZnCl2 treated biochar produced from vegetable tanned leather shaving dust. Effect of various process parameters like solution pH, adsorbent dose, adsorbent type, initial Cr (III) concentration and temperature have been studied in batch system. The thermal resistivity and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were engaged to perceive the surface morphologies of chemically treated and untreated biochar adsorbent. The experimental data was fitted well to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and the adsorption efficiency of chromium (III) was found to be maximum (70%) at low values of pH (around 3) for 0.75 g/50 mL dose of ZnCl2 treated biochar adsorbent. The model matrix of 24 full factorial design approach has been applied at a 95% confidence level to find the impact of different variables on removal Cr(III) ions from waste water. This study revealed that three main factors: Adsorbent type (p < 0.0001; 66.39%), pH (p < 0.001; 16.01%) and adsorbent dose (p = 0.032; 12.15%) have significant impact on Cr (III) ions removal efficiency. For using ZnCl2 biochar, Cr(III) ions removal efficiency was increased 66.39% compared to using untreated biochar. Subsequently, two interaction factors: pH-time and adsorbent type-time (α = 0.05, p < 0.05) have shown statistically significant on Cr(III) ions removal efficiency. The ZnCl2 treated biochar adsorbent prepared from vegetable tanned leather shaving dust is efficient and it is proposed that it can be conveniently employed as a low cost alternative in the treatment of industrial waste water.

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