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1
Lee, Cheuk-hung. "The growth and mineral contents of vegetables treated with composed livestock waste /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20667395.
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McGrath, Colleen Johanna Kemble Joseph. "Evaluation of optimal substrates and fertilizers for organic vegetable transplant production in Alabama." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Horticulture/Thesis/Mcgrath_Colleen_51.pdf.
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Rethwisch, Michael D., Rogellio Perez, Steven Morrison, Larry Parker, and Julio Juan. "Effects of Foliar Applied Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Late Spring Cantaloupes and Honeydews." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215012.
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A number of foliar fertilizers were evaluated for their effects on yield and quality of both cantaloupes and honeydews. None of the treatments or treatment combinations resulted in statistical increases or decreases for numbers of cantaloupes or honeydews when compared with the untreated check. A highly significant increase of one treatment regimen (which contained calcium) was noted for cantaloupe weights when compared with the untreated check. Statistical differences were not noted for honeydew weights for this treatment although it also resulted in highest calculated weights of honeydew/area of treatments evaluated. All treatments resulted in numerically higher brix for cantaloupes than the untreated check, thought to be a response to pounds of melons/unit area as the untreated check had the least cantaloupe weight. No differences were noted for cantaloupe seed cavity diameters.
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Doerge, Thomas A., Jerome Pier, and Ted McCreary. "Watermelon Response to Soluable and Slow Release Nitrogen Fertilizers." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214499.
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A field experiment with subsurface drip irrigated watermelon was conducted on a Casa Grande s.l. soil at the Maricopa Agricultural Center in 1992 to evaluate the field performance of two slow release nitrogen (SRN) fertilizers in comparison to a conventional soluble N source, urea, ammonium- nitrate (UAN-32). Single, preplant applications of 0, 100 and 200 lbs N/acre supplied from methylene urea (Nutralenes) or 100, 150 and 3(X) lbs N/acre from a methylene urea-ammonium sulfate mixture (MUAS) were evaluated in comparison to treatments of UAN-32 containing from 52 to 445 lbs N/acre made in five split applications. Yield response to N rates above 100 lbs/acre were similar for all three N sources, indicating that a single, preplant application of a suitable SRN material at an adequate rate could provide N efficiently over the entire growing season. The highest numerical yield (49.3 tons/acre) was obtained with a N rate of 150 lbs N/acre from the MUAS material. Monitoring of petiole nitrate levels throughout the season indicated that N release from the MUAS was more rapid and more complete than from the methylene-urea product. At suboptimal N rates, i.e. < 150 lbs N/acre, split applications of UAN-32 appeared to be somewhat more efficient than the slow-release products.
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Doerge, Thomas A., Kevin H. Pritchard, Jerome W. Pier, Pedro Fernandez, and Ted W. McCreary. "Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency in Melons Using Soluble and Slow Release Fertilizers." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221437.
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A field experiment was conducted at the Maricopa Agricultural Center on a Casa Grande sandy loam soil to compare the nitrogen (N) utilization efficiency achieved using slowrelease and conventional nitrogen fertilizers under subsurface drip irrigated melon production conditions. 'Mirage' watermelon, 'Laguna' cantaloupe and 'Gallicum' honeyloupe were used as the test crops. Single, preplant applications of three slow - release products (methylene urea, coated ammonium sulfate and coated urea) were compared with the use of urea -ammonium nitrate added in either one or three split applications. The total amount of N applied to all treated plots was 100 lbs. per acre. Whole plant samples were taken four times during the season to determine N uptake patterns. Petioles from the youngest fully expanded leaves were sampled on four dates throughout the season to monitor the N status of all plots. At harvest, total and marketable melon yields were determined. In general, the methylene urea treatment was superior to the use of coated (NH₄)₂SO₄ which in turn was far superior to the coated urea product. The split UAN and preplant UAN treatments had the highest numerical values for total N uptake for all three melon types. However, these values were usually not statistically different from the N uptake in response to the three slow- release N treatments. The type of water delivery system may have reduced the potential advantages of using slow-versus fast-release N fertilizers.
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Lee, Cheuk-hung, and 李焯雄. "The growth and mineral contents of vegetables treated with composed livestock waste." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31212487.
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Umisedo, Nancy Kuniko. "Dose de radiação ionizante decorrente do uso de fertilizantes agrícolas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-21082007-173505/.
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Dentre os diversos agentes existentes no meio ambiente que podem nos expor a diferentes riscos e efeitos, há a radiação ionizante cujo conhecimento da dose é de importância para o efetivo controle e prevenção dos seus possíveis danos aos seres humanos e ao ambiente. A transferência de radionuclídeos dos adubos para/e dos solos para os alimentos podem resultar em incremento na dose interna ao serem consumidos pelo ser humano. Este trabalho avalia a contribuição dos fertilizantes para o aumento da dose de radiação ionizante no meio ambiente e no ser humano. Amostras de fertilizantes, de solos e de hortaliças produzidas em solos adubados foram analisadas através da espectrometria gama com o uso de um detector semicondutor de germânio hiperpuro. Medidas de dose ambiente também foram realizadas com dosímetros termoluminescentes. Nas amostras de solos adubados foram obtidos valores de atividades específicas de 36 a 342 Bq/kg para K-40, de 42 a 142 Bq/kg para U-238 e de 36 a 107 Bq/kg para Th-232. Nas hortaliças os valores variaram de 21 a 118 Bq/kg para K-40 e para os elementos da série do urânio e tório os valores foram menores que 2 Bq/kg. Para fertilizantes o valor máximo obtido foi de 5800 Bq/kg para K-40, 430 Bq/kg para U-238 e 230 Bq/kg para Th-232. As médias dos valores de fator de transferência solo-planta não foram significativamente diferentes entre os tipos de hortaliças analisados. A dose efetiva comprometida anual de 0,882 µSv devido à ingestão de K-40 das espécies estudadas é bem pequena em relação ao valor de referência de 170 µSv dada pela United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR, 2000). A dosimetria termoluminescente forneceu valores de taxa de equivalente de dose ambiente anual entre 1,5 e 1,8 mSv, sem diferenças entre locais cultivados e não cultivados. Através dos resultados obtidos, não foi observada uma transferência significativa de radionuclídeos dos fertilizantes para os alimentos e para os solos nas condições adotadas neste trabalho e conseqüentemente não há incremento de dose de radiação devido à prática da adubação.Among several agents that exist in the environment which can expose us to different risks and effects, there is the ionizing radiation whose knowledge of dose is of importance to the effective control and prevention of possible damages to human beings and to the environment. The transfer of radionuclides from fertilizers to/and soils to the foodstuffs can result as an increment in the internal dose when they are consumed by the human beings. This work evaluates the contribution of fertilizers to the ionizing radiation dose in the environment and in the human being. Samples of fertilizers, soils and vegetables produced in fertilized soils were analised through gamma spectrometry with the use of a hyperpure germanium detector. Measurements of ambient dose with thermoluminescent dosimeters were also performed. In the fertilized soil samples values of specific activities from 36 to 342 Bq/kg for K-40, from 42 to 142 Bq/kg for U-238 and from 36 to 107 Bq/kg for Th-232 were obtained. In the vegetables the values varied from 21 to 118 Bq/kg for K-40 and for the elements of uranium and thorium series the values were less than 2 Bq/kg. In fertilizers the maximum value of 5800 Bq/kg was obtained for K-40, 430 Bq/kg for U-238 and 230 Bq/kg for Th-232. The average values of soil to plant transfer factor were not significantly different among the types of vegetables. The annual committed effective dose of 0.882 µSv due to the ingestion of K-40 from the analised vegetables is very small if compared to the reference value of 170 µSv given by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR, 2000). The thermoluminescent dosimetry provided the annual ambient dose equivalent from 1.5 to 1.8 mSv without differences between cultivated and non cultivated fields. Through the results obtained, it was not observed a significant transfer of radionuclides from fertilizers to soils and to foodstuffs in the conditions adopted in this work and consequentely there is no increment in the radiation dose due to the practice of fertilization
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Båth, Birgitta. "Matching the availability of N mineralised from green-manure crops with the N-demand of field vegetables /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5754-8.pdf.
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Soto-Ortiz, Roberto, Jeffrey C. Silvertooth, and Abraham Galadima. "Cantaloupe Response to CN9™ Fertilizer." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215021.
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Field experiments were conducted at four sites in 2005 in the Yuma Valley, AZ (approximately 150 ft. elevation) to evaluate the performance of CN9 fertilizer [a N-calcium (Ca) based fertilizer (9-0-0-11)] in comparison to a conventional N fertilizer source with irrigated melons/cantaloupes (Cucumis melo L.). Each field was divided into two equal (approximately 40 acres) sections. One section received the grower’s N fertilizer source (Conventional) while the other section received the CN9 fertilizer. Basic plant growth and development measurements, aboveground biomass, total and marketable yield, Sugar fruit content as well as total nutrient analysis were among the main variables analyzed. In general, all phenology variables responded similarly between conventional and CN9 treatments. Fresh weight yields ranging from 4,000 to 10,000 kg/ha were observed between conventional and CN9 treatments. Statistical analyses show that total yield between conventional and CN9 was statistically the same; with the exception of the Perriconi site. Similar results were observed for marketable yield. Brix values ranged from 10 to 14 percent, statistical differences for Brix values between the conventional and CN9 treatments were found on the Perriconi and Mason 80 sites where the conventional treatment had higher sugar content in the fruit. Overall, there were no differences in nutrient uptake and allocation patterns due to the addition of CN9 among experimental sites or sampling dates. Regarding the allocation of nutrients in the rind and flesh of melons, the same patterns between treatments at all sites were observed.
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Zucco, Marc A. "Composts as fertilizer for sustainable vegetable production /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1674100351&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2008."Department of Plant, Soil, and Agricultural Systems." Keywords: Compost, Lycopersicon, Sustainable, Tomato, Vermi, Zucco. Includes bibliographical references (p. 21-24). Also available online.
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Zucco, Marc Adrian. "Composts As Fertilizer For Sustainable Vegetable Production." OpenSIUC, 2008. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/503.
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AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Marc A. Zucco for the Master of Science degree in Plant Soil and Agricultural Systems, presented on March 25, 2008, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: COMPOSTS AS FERTILIZER FOR SUSTAINABLE VEGETABLE PRODUCTION MAJOR PROFESSORS: Dr. SHE-KONG CHONG and Dr. ALAN WALTERS Composted organic materials have long been used as soil amendments, since they improve soil structure as well as provide a source of plant nutrients. Much research has shown that different types of composts are beneficial to crop growth and productivity. However, the influence of compost to soil ratios on crop yield has rarely been addressed. A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the optimal vermicompost application rates on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) growth and productivity. The greenhouse experiments were conducted at the SIUC Horticulture Research Center (HRC). Three textural class soils (sandy, silt loam, and clayey) and seven compost treatments were evaluated that included soil mixed with (1) 0 g g-1 vermi-compost (VC) + no fertilizer (control); (2) 0 g g-1 VC with 35 kg ha-1 (2g per pot) of an inorganic 12-12-12 complete fertilizer (CF); (3) 0.05 g g-1 VC; (4) 0.10 g g-1 VC; (5) 0.20 g g-1 VC; (6) 0.40 g g-1 VC; and (7) 0.80 g g-1 VC. Results indicated that `Sunchief' tomato responded well in soils mixed with high rates of vermi-compost. Soils with higher rates of vermi-compost produced a taller plant with higher leaf number and chlorophyll content, and greater total dry plant mass compared to soils with lower rates of vermi-compost. Results also indicated that vermi-compost at a rate of 0.4 g g-1 to soil should be adequate to achieve optimal tomato plant growth and yields.
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Palumbo, John C. "Compatibility of Fertilizer and Neonicotinoid Soil Applications for Whitefly Control in Spring Cantaloupes." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214963.
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Studies were conducted in the spring of 2001 and 2002 to evaluate the interaction between starter and side dress fertilizer mixes with neonicotinoid insecticides and their performance against whiteflies in spring cantaloupes in Yuma, AZ. No incompatibility was observed between the fertilizers and the Admire and Platinum mixtures applied at planting and side dress, and both insecticides provided comparable control of whitefly populations regardless of fertilizer used. However, based on our experience in 2001, we suggest that growers use a dilute mixture with the final applied volume to avoid any potential "clumping" problems in the mix tank. In some cases the addition of the DuneUp® starter fertilizer appeared to improve plant growth, but was probably more due to the unique mixture of NPK rather than the combination with the insecticides. Based on the results of these studies growers should not hesitate to apply either Admire or Platinum with starter and side dress fertilizers in melon crops.
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Hui, Ming-leung. "Livestock waste and sewage sludge for growing local leafy vegetables /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19667395.
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Smith, S. R. "A study of the effects of protein-based fertilizers on the growth and development of vegetable crops." Thesis, University of Reading, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381919.
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Hui, Ming-leung, and 許明亮. "Livestock waste and sewage sludge for growing local leafy vegetables." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31214137.
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Pritchard, Kevin H., Thomas A. Doerge, and Ted W. McCreary. "The Response of Leaf Lettuce to Phosphorous Fertilizer Placement and Rate." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214729.
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A one-year field study was conducted at the Maricopa Agricultural Center in the winter and spring of 1991-92 with the purpose of comparing the response of leaf lettuce grown with subsurface drip irrigation to various broadcast and banded phosphorus (P) fertilizer applications and rates. Two rates of banded treble superphosphate, 250 lbs. (1X) and 125 lbs. (1/2X) of P2Osper acre, were applied immediately before planting in a concentrated strip 1 inch directly below the row to be seeded. One broadcast rate, 250 lbs. (1X) of P205 per acre of the same material, was applied and folded into the planting beds during listing. Control plots, in which zero P fertilizer was applied, were also maintained. Whole plant total P concentrations were higher in the first one-third of the growing season for the band treatments, though the differences in responses between band and broadcast applications were not statistically significant in the final third of the season. The 1X band treatment exhibited both greater plant heights and diameters than all other treatments during the first one-half of the growing season, and maintained greater height dimensions in the second half. The 1X broadcast and 1/2X band treatments exhibited similar growth throughout the season. By harvest there were not significant differences in head or plant size or in marketable yield among the three P treatments.
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Woldetsadik, Kebede. "Shallot (Allium cepa var. ascolonicum) responses to plant nutrients and soil moisture in a sub-humid tropical climate /." Alnarp : Dept. of Crop Science, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a367.pdf.
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Oebker, N. F., W. T. Molin, and R. Gibson. "Effect of Methanol Treatments on Chile Pepper and Seedless Watermelon Production in Central Arizona, 1993." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214716.
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Wilcox, M., and C. A. Sanchez. "Evaluation of Foliar Applied Nutritional Mixes on Crisphead Lettuce for Yield, Quality and Incidence of Tipburn." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214714.
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Oebker, N. F., and Mark Wilcox. "Effect of Agronomix on Crisphead Lettuce at Yuma - 1992." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214715.
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Meerkotter, Marÿke. "Sources of heavy metals in vegetables in Cape Town and possible methods of remediation." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/1721.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDCape Town includes two vegetable farming areas within the city limits, the Joostenbergvlakte/Kraaifontein area and the Philippi area. Both areas supply produce to local markets and further afield. Sporadically, high levels of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc have been found to occur in some of the soils, irrigation water resources and crops. To find the sources of specifically Cd, Pb and Zn to these agricultural systems, extensive analysis of several heavy metals in inputs such as fertilizers, agrochemicals and supplementary water resources to these farming areas was undertaken. Heavy metal concentrations in soils, irrigation water resources and crops were also determined. Two mitigation techniques that could be used to remediate Cd, Pb and Zn contamination were investigated. The first mitigation method included immobilization of heavy metals as phosphate complexes by using a triple super phosphate fertilizer, while the second method involved mobilisation and thus leaching of heavy metals away from plant roots using EDTA. These mitigation methods were tested in a pot experiment using cabbage as the experimental crop and soil from these areas as growth medium. A survey of common farming practices in these two areas and farmers willingness to use remediation methods was conducted.
South Africa
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Pfab, Helena [Verfasser], and Torsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Müller. "Nitrous oxide emissions and mitigation strategies : measurements on an intensively fertilized vegetable cropped loamy soil / Helena Pfab. Betreuer: Torsten Müller." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1027292062/34.
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Nett, Leif [Verfasser], Eckhard [Akademischer Betreuer] George, Christof [Akademischer Betreuer] Engels, and Walter [Akademischer Betreuer] Horst. "N use efficiency in field vegetable production systems : catch crop strategies and fertilization history effects on organic fertilizer turnover / Leif Nett. Gutachter: Eckhard George ; Christof Engels ; Walter Horst." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1020229918/34.
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Monte, Cíntya Rodrigues. "Efeito residual do lodo de esgoto na cultura de cenoura (Daucus carota L.) : aspectos socioeconômicos e de fertilidade." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2009. http://tede2.unicap.br:8080/handle/tede/901.
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The influence of sewage sludge in the attributes of fertility in soil grown in tropical regions, yet little is known. In order to collaborate with research in this área will be conducted a field experiment in the Community Families United, located in the municipality of Camaragibe, Pernambuco, to be evaluated the residual effect of sewage sludge in the cultures of carrot and pepper, after planting of radish. The purpose of the search is also check which socio-economic benefits may be offered by the experience of the use of sewage sludge on crops chosen. The experiment will continue with the design of blocks, with five treatments (zero, 25, 50 and 75 Mg ha1 of sewage sludge and 25 Mg ha"1 of sewage sludge with the Red vermicompostado of Califórnia. Wastes from ETE/TIP-Curado, Recife / PE) and three repetitions. The plots of masonry measuring 1 m wide and 6 m long and 0.20 m deep, with 21 rows spaced between rows of 0.35 m and 0.15 m between plants, being considered in the ratings central plants, with 2 m2 of floor área. The planting of carrot will be accomplished through direct seeding, and the pepper by transplanting. Will be made the cultural Standard treatment for the crops. Harvesting is carried out according to length of each culture, making useful sampling in the área required for the flowerbeds, on 10 points equidistant. At the end of the harvest you will be sampling the soil, collecting up sub-samples in a zigzag to create a composite sample garden, for chemical analysis. Through statistical analysis of the results só far, we find that the dose equal to 25 Mg ha"1 of sewage sludge is showing more promising results for agriculture.
A influência do lodo de esgoto nos atributos de fertilidade em solos cultivados em regiões tropicais, ainda é pouco conhecida. A fim de colaborar com as pesquisas nessa área, foi conduzido um experimento de campo na Comunidade Famílias Unidas, situada no município de Camaragibe, Pernambuco, para ser avaliado o efeito residual do lodo de esgoto na cultura da cenoura, após o plantio de rabanete. O intuito da pesquisa é também verificar quais benefícios socioeconômicos seriam proporcionados pela experiência do uso de lodo de esgoto na cultura escolhida. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos (zero, 25, 50 e 75 Mg ha"1 de lodo de esgoto mais 25 Mg ha"1 de lodo de esgoto vermicompostado com a minhoca Vermelha da Califórnia. Resíduos provenientes da ETE/TIP-Curado, Recife/PE) e três repetições. Os canteiros de alvenaria, de acordo com o espaço físico, medem 1 m de largura por 6 m de comprimento e 0,20 m de profundidade, com 21 fileiras espaçadas de 0,35 m entre fileiras e 0,15 m entre plantas, sendo consideradas nas avaliações as plantas centrais, com área útil de 2 m2. O plantio da cenoura foi realizado por meio de semeadura direta. Foram realizados os tratos culturais normais para a cultura. A colheita foi realizada fazendo - se amostragem na área útil estipulada para os canteiros, em 10 pontos equidistantes. Também foi realizada a amostragem do solo, coletando-se sub-amostras em ziguezague que originaram uma amostra composta por canteiro, para análise química. Através da análise estatística (PCA) dos resultados, percebe-se que a dose correspondente a 25 Mg ha"1 de lodo de esgoto e de lodo de esgoto vermicompostado está apresentando resultados promissores para a agricultura.
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Magnusson, Margareta. "Soil pH and nutrient uptake in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var botrytis) and Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) in northern Sweden : multielement studies by means of plant and soil analyses /." Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5750-5.pdf.
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Li, Jian-Han, and 李建漢. "Studies of the management practices of organic fertilizers on leafy vegetables." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36526353608602307895.
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碩士國立中興大學
土壤環境科學系所
96
The management of organic fertilizers deeply affect the success or failure of organic agriculture. Two organic fertilizers with different decomposition rates, soybean meal and composted animal manure, and different doses of urea and single superphosphate were used to obtain the nitrogen(N) and phosphate(P) replacement values of soybean meal and composted animal manure, based on their N and P released charactecistic with time. In addition, two pot experiment with different combinations (dosage and time) of the organic fertilizers were conducted to evaluate the effects on production and nutrient uptake of two vegetables (water spinach and Chinese cabbage) as well as on soil fertility. The experiment included 4 treatments of single fertilizer application, including the cheak(CK), chemical fertilizers(CF), composted animal manure(Cam) and soybean meal(Sm), and three combination of soybean meal and composted animal nanure, 〔1/2 composted animal manure and 1/2 Soybean meal as basal(CS1), 2/3 composted animal manure and 1/3 soybean meal as basal(CS2) and composted animal manure is as basal and soybean meal is as supplement application on day 12th and day 24th(CS3)〕. The incubation results showed that the N release rates of composted animal manure and soybean meal in Da-du shan soil were 41% and 56%, while P release rates were 30% and 14%, respectively the results of pot experments showed that the single and/or combination use of composted animal manure and soybean meal could improve crop yield and soil nutrient availability. However, the application of soybean meal easily forms mildew, thus there was a one-week-wait after they were plowed into the ground before the sowing or implanting of vegetable shoots. For the application of composted animal manure with soybean meal, the CS1 treatment for first crop water spinach and second crop chinese cabbage had better growth and soil nutrients availability. Resuets also showed that The composted animal manure with soybean meal was totally used as the base fertilizer was more effective for crop growth and soil nutrient availability, however, the application of soybean meal as supplement was less effective than that used as basal application .
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Davis, Teresa L. "Municipal sewage effluent as a source of water and nutrients for vegetable crops." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27474.
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Okorogbona, Alfred Oghode Misaiti. "Biomass response of selected African leafy vegetables in pots to rate of application of three types of animal manure." Thesis, 2011. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000481.
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Mabala, Mahlogonolo Hunadi Ramaesela. "Availability and utilization of indigenous leafy vegetables (ILVs) found in Limpopo Province and the response of a selected ILV to planting density and nitrogen fertilizer rate." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2212.
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Thesis (M. Agricultural Management (Agronomy)) -- University of Limpopo, 2018A survey study identified indigenous leafy vegetables (ILVs) utilized by rural communities in Limpopo Province in the three districts of Capricorn, Sekhukhune and Vhembe focusing on their availability, agronomic practices, marketing, medicinal and cultural roles, as well as their nutritional value. An ILV that was highly preferred and with good marketing potential was identified for further studies on its response to planting density and nitrogen fertilizer rate. A questionnaire survey was used to gather information about types of ILVs utilised, their production practices, marketing of ILVs and their importance in medicinal and cultural roles. Data collected were subjected to analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) using descriptive statistics. Results showed that there were 45 different types of ILVs identified from the three districts in Limpopo Province. Farmers indicated that cultivation of these vegetables was mostly done from October to January in Sekhukhune and Capricorn district while in Vhembe it was practiced all year round. Most of farmers in Vhembe district used inorganic fertilizer during planting while farmers in Sekhukhune and Capricorn districts used organic fertilizers such as cattle manure. Irrigation was commonly used in Vhembe district through furrow irrigation system whereas in Capricorn and Sekhukhune districts most farmers relied on rainfall. Farmers indicated that harvesting was done at an early growing stage of the crop. Indigenous leafy vegetables were mostly marketed in local communities. Several ILVs were identified as preferred and regularly consumed as vegetables. Spider plant (Cleome gynandra) and nightshade (Solanum retroflexum) were identified as the most consumed ILVs in the three districts. Comparing the market potential of the two vegetables, S. retroflexum was chosen for further studies on its response to plant density and nitrogen fertilizer rate. The first study investigated the effect of varying plant density (inter and intra-row spacing) and the second study evaluated the response of intra-row spacing and nitrogen fertilizer (LAN-28%N) rate on growth and yield of S. retroflexum during 2014 (April to May) and 2015 (March to May) growing seasons. The plant density experiment was laid out as a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement in a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatment factors were 3 inter-row spacings of 30, 45 and 60 cm and 4 intra-row spacings of vi 7.5, 15, 22.5 and 30 cm. The data collected included plant height, plant vigour, number of leaves and branches per plant as well as plant leaf yield. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using STATISTIX 10.0 package and mean treatments were separated using Turkey HSD at 5% probability level. The results revealed that growth parameters (plant height, plant vigour, number of branches and leaves) and plant leaf yield were significantly influenced by the combined inter and intra-row spacings. Closer inter-row spacings of 30 cm and 45 cm, and intra-row spacings of 7.5 and 15 cm produced the highest values of parameters and plant leaf yield. The combined spacings of 30 x 7.5 cm produced the highest plant leaf yield. The second study was also laid out as a randomised complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The treatments were 6 x 2 factorial arrangement: 6 levels of nitrogen (LAN-28%N) at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg N/ha and two intra-row spacings of 15 and 30cm. Inter-row spacing of 30 cm was used. The nitrogen fertilizer was applied a week after transplanting and repeated a week after first harvesting. Data was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using STATISTIX 10.0 package. Where significant differences were detected, means were separated using Turkey HSD at 5% propability level. The results suggested that both nitrogen fertilizer and spacing can be used to enhance growth and leaf yield of S. retroflexum vegetable. Nitrogen fertilizer rate and plant density significantly (P≤0.05) affected plant growth and plant leaf yields. Growth parameters and leaf yield were optimised using closer spacing of 15 cm and applying nitrogen at 60 kg N/ha. The application of 60 kg N/ha and 15 cm spacing was therefore recommended for the production of S. retroflexum as a vegetable, if planted at 30 cm inter-row spacing. Key words: Indigenous leafy vegetables, agronomic practices, Solanum retroflexum, planting density, nitrogen fertilizer, planting date
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Mahlangu, Rebecca Irene Sindisiwe. "Effect of nitrogen levels on yield and quality of leafy vegetables grown in a non-circulating hydroponic system." 2014. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001871.
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M. Tech. AgricultureLeafy vegetables, Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and mustard spinach (Brassica juncea), are widely grown in South Africa. These leafy vegetables are popular owing to their availability and nutritional properties. Optimisation of crop nutrition is essential to maximize yield and quality of vegetables. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of nitrogen application on growth and quality parameters of leafy vegetables when grown in a non-circulating hydroponic system. The objective of this study is two-fold: primarily, to determine the influence of nitrogen on growth, yield and overall quality of Swiss chard, lettuce and mustard spinach grown in a non-circulating hydroponic system, and secondly, to determine the effect of nitrogen applications on bioactive compounds and antioxidants, such as antioxidant scavenging activities, ascorbic acid, total phenolics and flavonoids.
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Hsiao, Yuchen, and 蕭鈺臻. "Effects of Microorganism Fertilizers on Vegetable Growth." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22563056375224140849.
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碩士大葉大學
生物產業科技學系
100
The purpose of this study is to investigate better fermentation conditions for different microorganism fertilizers. The influence of microorganism fertilizers to the utilization of total sugar, pH value of medium, free-NPK , total plate count by adjusting pH value, shaking flask in 120 rpm, air-pump ,different proportions of medium, feeding by once or by batches in the fixed temperature of 28 ± 2 ° C. The results showed that better fermentation conditions for microorganism fertilizers were as follows： air-pump, pH value 6.5 to 7.0 of medium, the proportions of medium in 10 times, and feeding by batches. After Comparing, the total plate count and plate count growth rate of microorganism fertilizers for feeding by batches is much higher than only feed once in the same condition of air-pump and pH value 6.5 to 7.0. Lastly, proceeding the pot culture experiment of chinese cabbage by applying with the microorganism fertilizers in different condition of fermentation, observing recording and everyday to compare the leaf area growth rate with the blank test, which was only used water. The results showed the fermented microorganism fertilizers were much better than the blank one.
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Jenkins, Wesley Keith. "Evaluation of four organic fertilizers for vegetable and herb transplant production." 2009. http://purl.galileo.usg.edu/uga%5Fetd/jenkins%5Fwesley%5Fk%5F200905%5Fms.
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Xu, Hao-Yun, and 許皓雲. "Study of Light Enviroment and Fertilizer on Leafy Vegetable Growth." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01787175474679817830.
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碩士亞洲大學
光電與通訊學系
104
ABSTRACT Light environment and fertilizer condition are two important conditions for plant growth, this study leaf cultivation, for example, to plant small plants cultivated environment, respectively to medium soil tillage and planting different hydroponic leafy vegetables, observe and analyze these two conditions on plant growth. First, investigate the effect of ambient light on the leafy plant growth scenario, in two different wavelength LED light board to provide a combination of light needed for photosynthesis of plants were planted way medium soil tillage, planting leafy plant varieties of greens and the mainland sister, the irradiation time is 10 hours; secondly influence research Feipei leafy plant growth conditions on the circumstances, different lighting with a constant number of hours and the nutrient solution pH and is not constant observation light environment combined with the nutrient solution pH change impacts on plant growth, plant hydroponic way, planted leafy plant varieties for the mainland sister and dill spread. Experimental results show that the portion of the light environment, in order to compare the weight of leaf parameters, leaf different light qualityon plant growth, and indeed have a significant impact, with bok choy, for example, the difference of the value of 42%; sister to the mainland cases, the difference was 27%. The results also showed that in some fertilizer conditions, the same weight as a comparison parameter leafy mainland sister 10 hours of light, "the nutrient solution pH constant" than "not constant" weight difference of 15%, 16 h light mainland sister, "nutrient solution pH constant" than 10 hours, "the nutrient solution pH constant" difference of 25%; another 10 hours of light dill spread, "the nutrient solution pH constant" pH than the "non-constant" difference of 8% 16 h light dill spread, "the nutrient solution pH constant" than 10 hours, "the nutrient solution pH constant" difference of 11%. This study also extends leaf cultivation experiences and explore the feasibility of an artificial environment by planting latitude, climate limits the high economic value of herbal plants.
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Tseng, Yueh-Mei, and 曾月美. "Effects of liquid organic fertilizer containing eggshell on the nitrate concentration of four leafy vegetables." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51364467237369919446.
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碩士國立嘉義大學
農學研究所
97
The objectives of this study were conducted to evaluate the effects of applying with different concentration of 0%, 10% and 25 % added eggshell organic liquid fertilizer on the growth and nitrate concentration of four leafy vegetables,‘Green giant’Edible rape,‘Xia-Wang’Green stem pai-tsai, ‘Hoye’Pai-tsai and‘Heiye’Pai-tsai, were used as experimental materials and planted both in pot and field conditions. Results indicated that applying 25% added eggshell organic liquid fertilizer had significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, shoot and root fresh weight as compared with control of both‘Xia-Wang’Green stem pai-tsai and‘Hoye’Pai-tsai. Shading before 24hrs harvest showed also affecting the of nitrate concentration. Treatment with 25% eggshell was found a high level of 306.7 mg L-1 nitrate concentration on ‘Green giant’ Edible rape and showed significant difference with no shading treatment. In the field, 0%, 10% and 25% of added organic eggshell liquid fertilizer showed significantly increased stem diameter, and shoot fresh weight of‘Green giant’Edible rape,‘Xia-Wang’Green stem pai-tsai,‘Hoye’Pai-tsai and‘Heiye’Pai-tsai. Application with 10% and 25% of added eggshell organic liquid fertilizer showed apparently decreased‘Xia-Wang’Green stem pai-tsai,‘Hoye’Pai-tsai and ‘Heiye’Pai-tsai leaf nitrate concentration and had significant difference with control plot. In conclusion, the application of 10% or 25% added eggshell organic liquid fertilizer showed not only dramatically decreased on of‘Xia-Wang’Green stem pai-tsai,‘Hoye’Pai-tsai and‘Heiye’Pai-tsai leaf nitrate concentrations but also increased it growth and yield in the field. It is worthy to make a further study for production high yield and high quality commercial organic vegetables.
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Chang, Yun-Cherng, and 張耘誠. "Response of Different Kinds of Vegetables on Different Application Rates of Organic Fertilizer in Greenhouse." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13039611254388940704.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
農業化學研究所
91
Recycling of agricultural wastes as a fertilizer is an important agronomic, economic, and environmental objective. It is important that applying organic fertilizer adequately for supplying sufficient amounts of nutrient for crop growth and minimizing environmental pollution. The purposes of this study were to study the effect of different kinds and amounts of organic fertilizers on the growth and nutrient uptake of different vegetables and to determine the adequate application rate of organic fertilizer for maximum growth of vegetables. The experiment was conducted in Chinan Banch Station, Kaohsiung District Agricultural Improvement Station, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. The experiments were conducted in greenhouse. There were six treatments including four different application rates of the organic fertilizer treated-plots (one-fold, two-fold, three-fold, and four-fold organic fertilizer), a chemical fertilizer-treated plot, and a no fertilizer treated control. The vegetables cultivated included three cultivars of pak-choi (Niling, Sangfong, and Fongjen), Italy lettuce, Lyushen spinach, and White-leaf amaranth. After harvesting of the vegetables, the samples were clean, over-dried at 65℃ to constant weight, and weighed. The concentrations of total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, soluble reduced nitrogen, insoluble nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, and zinc were analyzed. The soils were sampling to a depth of 15 cm on October 2, 2001, February 19, 2002, May 6, 2002, and August 8, 2002, respectively. The samples of May 6, 2002 were divided into three depth layers (0-5, 5-10, and 10-15, respectively). All soil samples were air-dried and ground to pass a 20-mesh sieve. The pH, electrical conductivity of saturation extract, organic matter, and the concentration of ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, Bray-1 extractable P, Mehlich Ⅲ exchangeable potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, and zinc of the soil were determined. The results showed that the yields and amounts of nutrient uptake of the unfertilized plot were significantly lower than those of the fertilized plots in most cases. The yields and nutrient uptake of organic fertilizer treated plots increased with the increasing of the application rates. The yield and amounts of nutrient uptake reached maximum at the three-fold application rate. However, there was no significant difference in growth and nutrient uptake between the two- and three-fold application rates. The concentrations of nitrate nitrogen in vegetables increased with the increasing application rates of the organic fertilizer and that of unfertilized plot was significantly lower. The concentrations of calcium and magnesium in the pak-choi increased with the increasing application rates of the organic fertilizer, however, those of Fongjen pak-choi, Italy lettuce, Lyushen spinach, and White-leaf amaranth decreased with the increasing application rates of the fertilizer. The concentrations of iron and manganese in vegetables decreased with the increasing application rates of the organic fertilizer. The electrical conductivity of saturation extract, organic matter content and the concentration of total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, Bray-1 P, Mehlich Ⅲ exchangeable potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese and zinc of soil increased with the increasing application rates of the organic fertilizer. However, there was no significant difference in Mehlich extractable copper and iron concentrations among organic fertilizer treated plots. The electrical conductivity of saturation extract, organic matter concentration, and available nutrient concentration of soil decreased with increasing in soil depth. On conclusion, with application of two-fold rate of organic fertilizer every two crops would reach the yield of recommended chemical fertilizer application rate. The adequate application of organic fertilizer would maintain the soil fertilizer.
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Brown, Melissa Ann. "The use of marine derived products and soybean meal as fertilizers in organic vegetable production." 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04022004-144049/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
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Hsu, Hui-Ming, and 徐卉明. "Effects of Different Application Rates of Organic Fertilizer on the Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Vegetables in Greenhouse." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29977931359776280291.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
農業化學研究所
90
Organic farming has received more and more attention from environmentalists, asriculturists, and consumers in recent years. However, just as chemical fertilizers, improperly use of organic fertilizers would cause a great impact on the environment. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of the different application rates of organic fertilizer on the vegetable growth and nutrient uptake. The experimental site was located in Chishan, Kaohsiung County, southern Taiwan. The experiments were conducted in greenhouse. There were six treatments including four different application rates of the organic fertilizer treated-plots (170, 340, 510, and 680 kg N ha-1 per three crops), a no fertilizer treated control, and a chemical fertilizer-treated plot. The application rates of the organic fertilizer were 70, 140, 210, and 280 kg N ha-1 per crop, respectively, after February 2001. The vegetables cultivated included five cultivars of Pak-choi (Fongshan, Sangfong No. 2, Niling, Chingfang, and Fongjen), two cultivars of leafy lettuce (colored-leaf and bright-leaf), two cultivars of amaranth (red-leaf and white-leaf), and two cultivars of water convolvulus (Toagai No. 1 and Juyeh), respectively. The vegetables were sampled when they reached marketable size. After being drying to constant weight at 65℃, the concentrations of total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, soluble reduced nitrogen, insoluble nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, and zinc were analyzed. The topsoil was also sampled on Sep. 27, 2000, Nov. 6, 2000, Jan. 30, 2001, and July 11, 2001 after the vegetable was harvested. The pH, electrical conductivity of saturation extract, organic matter, and the concentration of ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, Bray-1 extractable P, Mehlich Ⅲ exchangeable potassium, calcim, magnesium, iron, manganese, and zinc of the soil were all determined. The results indicated that the response of vegetables of different kinds and different cultivars to the same organic fertilizer was different. However, the dry matter yields of the low application rates of organic fertilizer (70 kg N ha-1 or 140 kg N ha-1) were similar to that of the chemical fertilizer-treated one. The concentration and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium of the vegetables increased with the increasing application rates of the organic fertilizer, but in different degree with different vegetables or different cultivars. The nitrate concentrations of the different rates of organic fertilizer-treated leafy lettuce and the amaranth were significantly lower than those of the chemical fertilizer-treated ones, however, the nitrate concentrations of the Pak-choi and the water convolvulus depended on the application rates of the organic fertilizer. The concentrations of manganese and zinc of all vegetables treated with organic fertilizer were significantly lower than those of the chemical fertilizer-treated ones. This meant that the uptake of heavy metal by crops reduced when the soil organic matter content increased. The electrical conductivity of saturation extract, organic matter content and the concentration of nitrate nitrogen, Bray-1 P, Mehlich Ⅲ exchangeable potassium, calcim, and magnesium of soil increased with the increasing application rates of the organic fertilizer. However, the concentrations of ammonium nitrogen, Mehlich Ⅲ exchangeable iron, manganese, and zinc in the soil were not affected by the organic matter content of the soil. Besides, the concentrations of exchangeable soil manganese and zinc of chemical fertilizer-treated plots were significantly higher than those of organic fertilizer-treated ones. This is possibly due to differing in soil pH. In summary, from the point of view of environmental ecology and economics, the application rate of the organic fertilizer should be appropriate.
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Liu, Chun-Yung, and 劉中庸. "The Benefit of using pHospHate solubilizing bacteria enriched compost instead of chemical pHospHate fertilizer—leaf vegetable." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24052694155920359496.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
農業經濟學研究所
103
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different types of soil, addition of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, and different types of organic fertilizers on the growth of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica), in order to evaluate the potential of substituting of chemical fertilizers with biological fertilizers, which are composts enhanced with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB). The results of this study can then be used for the promotion of organic fertilizers in Taiwan. This is a factorial experiment with five soils, five composts, inoculation with or without PSB, and with chemical fertilizer and no fertilizer treatments as controls, using short-term leafy water spinach as the experimental object. The effect of treatments on soil properties and plant nutrient uptakes were analyzed before and after the pot experiments with three replications. Further, the benefits of substituting chemical fertilizers with enhanced phosphate-solubilizing bacterial compost were also discussed based on the results of the experiments. With regards to the benefits obtained by farmers, the substitution of chemical fertilizers with phosphate-solubilizing bacterial compost is technically feasible, and it provides economic benefits to the farmers by increasing the farmer’s income by NT$ 190,000–290,000 per hectare per annum. From the perspective of the government or the domestic industry, substitution of chemical fertilizers with phosphate-solubilizing bacterial compost can decrease government expenditure on chemical fertilizer subsidy, and Taiwan can develop a biological fertilizer industry using phosphate-solubilizing bacteria to promote domestic economic development. In addition, substitution of chemical fertilizers with phosphate-solubilizing bacterial compost is beneficial to public health, and is safer and non-toxic to the environment. This is more conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture and environmental safety in Taiwan, and should therefore be promoted and implemented.
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Wang, Tzu-Cheng, and 王梓丞. "Characteristics verification of environmental friendly liquid fertilizer made from vegetable and fruit wastes fermenting with brown sugar." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x56trn.
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碩士嘉南藥理科技大學
環境工程與科學系
100
According to Annual Environment Statistics Report 2011 of Environment Protection Administration (EPA), the average amount of waste generated in Taiwan per day was 20,698 tons, among which the mean volume of leftover food (fruits and vegetables included) was 2,222 tons, taking 10.7%. Methods of food reclamation involves feeding pig、making feed、composting and anaerobic fermentation etc. Regarding all these solutions, composting benefits of lower requirements as well as easier operation and management; moreover, food waste richly organic, which are perfect for composting. Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation spread that using brown sugar mixed with fruits and vegetables which can be used as organic compost tea. However, its fermentation process and quality still lack of scientific analysis and verification. In this study, analysis by the kitchen waste fluid fertilizers forward material characteristics and the related changes in physical and chemical properties of the reaction process monitoring to explore the product of fertilizer efficiency with different feed ratio and temperature differences during the fermentation process. As the results showed, if fermentation temperature appeared to be too low, then multiple Product physical and chemical properties such as pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus anhydride, potassium hydroxide did not reach Agriculture and Food Agency miscellaneous liquid fertilizer standards. Other than that, the quality of products contained both fruits and vegetables is better than those with fruits or vegetables alone. Due to the fact that compost tea pH are between 2.82~3.13, which is far lower than the standard of Miscellaneous organic liquid fertilizer, it is suggested to either take control of temperature or raise the environmental temperature, so the condition of fermentation incomplete can be avoided.
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Lu, Ju-ching, and 盧志清. "The change of pesticide residues during the fermentation of vegetable wastes and the feasibility of making liquid fertilizer." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96263946356069841566.
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碩士國立中興大學
土壤環境科學系
90
In Taiwan, the vegetable-fruit markets produce much waste, i.e., vegetable residue. For the time being, it has not completely reused. In fact, this waste contains amount of inorganic nutrients and organic materials and should be appropriately renewable and recycling. It’s a good method to reduce the amount of crop wastes or produce compost and organic fertilizer. In this research, we collected vegetable wastes from market, to carry out the pesticides selection and ferment digest test. We used multiresidue method to detect the amount of the pesticides residue. In the process of digestion, detect the amount of pesticides and recovery test, we also measured temperature, pH and EC. In order to understand the decay property of vegetable wastes residual pesticides in the storage process and the change of the property and nutrient, also detected organic C, total N and the amount of Ca, Mg, K, Na, and S after digestion. The result of the pesticides residue abundance in summer vegetable wastes from C-market show that the amount of Chlorpyrifos (O,O -diethyl -3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate）is 3.3 μg g-1, SD is about ±10%, IDL is 0.01 μg g-1.. The result of the pesticides residue abundance in winter vegetable wastes from C-market show that the amount of Chlorpyrifos is 0.18 μg g-1, Monocrotophos （dimethyl（E）-1-methyl -2-( methylcarbamoyl)vinyl phosphate）is 0.25 μg g-1, Methamidophos ( O,S - dimethyl phosphoramidothioate ) is 0.11 μg g-1, Acephate (O,S- dimethyl acetylphosphoramidothioate) is 0.07 μg g-1, Isoxathion (O,O- diethyl O-5-phenylisoxazol-3-yl phosphorothioate) is 0.41 μg g-1, SD is about ±5% to ±15%. The result of the pesticides residue abundance in winter vegetablwastes from K-market show that the amount of Chlorpyrifos is 0.3 μg g-1, Monocrotophos is 0.41 μg g-1, Methamidophos is 0.04 μg g-1, Profenofos is 0.17 μg g-1.. The amount of the pesticides residue in the process of leaf digest and recovery test, show that the recovery of select pesticides are between 80% to 120%, SD is ±1% to ±15% . The degradation of Chlorpyrifos in the process of digestion during summer is fast between 21 to 27 days. But the rate of degradation became slow after 27 days. The degradation of Chlorpyrifos, Methamidophos and Isoxathion in the process of digestion during winter is fast because hydrolysis result in digestion between 7 to 21 days. The degradation became slower after 21 days. The pesticides residue time become longer, maybe result from the temperature during winter is colder than summer. The degradation of Monocrotophos was fast, it couldn’t be detect after 21 days. The degradation of Chlorpyrifos is fast in the process of digestion during winter between 0 to 7 days, The degradation became slower after 7 days. The residual time of Methamidophos and Profenofos became more longer. The temperature in the process of fermention was no significant change, pH value after fermention was approach 7. From this research, there are no organochloride pesticides residue such as DDT in the vegetable wastes. Although the vegetable wastes residue organophosphate pesticides, such as Chlorpyrifos, Methamidophos and Profenofos. But they will degradation in the process of fermention. Therefore, after fermention, those vegetable wastes can produce liquid fertilizer or as the organic materials.
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Wen-Chin, Chiang, and 江汶錦. "Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer, Water Management, and Nitrification Inhibitor on Nitrous Oxide Emission from a Vegetable Field Soil." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07670162877194150799.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
農業化學研究所
89
A vegetable (Lactuca sativa and Brassica chinensis) field experiment with three treatments: 1) nitrogen fertilizer (0, 261, 522 kg urea ha-1, and 15 ton org. fertilizer ha-1), 2) water management (adequate water amount and amount two times which), and 3) nitrification inhibitor (with and without dicyandiamide) was conducted to examine the effects of nitrogen fertilizes, water management, and nitrification inhibitor on nitrous oxide emission from a vegetable field soil (acid sandly soil) during the period from the autumn of 1999 to the summer of 2000. Fluxes of N2O were measured by a closed chamber method. The results showed that nitrous oxide emission increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer rate ( for all four crops, p＜0.05 ) and decreased with using dicyandiamide ( for the fourth crop, p＜0.01 ) . The nitrous oxide emission were not affected by the vegetable species studied, and were not affected by the water management ( p > 0.05 ), but significantly correlated with soil moisture content by simple correlation analysis ( p＜0.001 ) and stepwise regression analysis ( p＜0.001 ) . Therefore, the suggested mitigation strategies of nitrous oxide emission from vegetable field soils were application of adequate amount of nitrogen fertilizer, irrigation of adequate amount of water (depending on soil texture, vegetable species, and precipitation), and application of adequate amount of nitrification inhibitor if necessary.
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Meerkotter, Maryke. "Sources of heavy metals in vegetables in Cape Town and possible methods of remediation." Thesis, 2012. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5235_1332924778.
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Cape Town includes two vegetable farming areas within the city limits, the Joostenbergvlakte/Kraaifontein area and the Philippi area. Both areas supply produce to local markets and further afield. Sporadically, high levels of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc have been found to occur in some of the soils, irrigation water resources and crops. To find the sources of specifically Cd, Pb and Zn to these agricultural systems, extensive analysis of several heavy metals in inputs such as fertilizers, agrochemicals and supplementary water resources to these farming areas was undertaken. Heavy metal concentrations in soils, irrigation water resources and crops were also determined. Two mitigation techniques that could be used to remediate Cd, Pb and Zn contamination were investigated. The first mitigation method included immobilization of heavy metals as phosphate complexes by using a triple super phosphate fertilizer, while the second method involved mobilisation and thus leaching of heavy metals away from plant roots using EDTA. These mitigation methods were tested in a pot experiment using cabbage as the experimental crop and soil from these areas as growth medium. A survey of common farming practices in these two areas and farmers willingness to use remediation methods was conducted.