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1
Dennehy, Timothy J., Benjamin A. DeGain, Virginia S. Harpold, and Robert J. Nichols. "Biotype Designations and Insecticide Susceptibility of Southwestern Bemisia tabaci." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215035.
Full textAbstract:
We report biotype identifications and susceptibility to insecticides of whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) collected from cotton, vegetables, melons and ornamental plans during the 2005 season. No major problems with field performance of insecticides against whiteflies were confirmed in 2005 in Arizona. Whitefly resistance to pyriproxyfen did not increase, relative to levels recorded in 2004. However, we detected pyriproxyfen resistance in all Arizona whitefly samples tested. A single sample collected from cotton in Holtville, CA, had no detectable resistance to pyriproxyfen. Samples from cotton in Buckeye, Coolidge, Scottsdale, and Stanfield, Arizona had the highest levels of resistance, with > 31-45% of eggs surviving diagnostic concentration bioassays of 0.1 ug/ml pyriproxyfen. Whitefly susceptibility to buprofezin (Applaud®/Courier®) has not changed significantly since 1997. Resistance to synergized pyrethroids (e.g., Danitol® + Orthene®) has decreased strikingly on a statewide basis since 1995, though unacceptably high frequencies of resistant whiteflies were detected in some 2005 collections from all commodities sampled. Whiteflies collected from Arizona cotton, melons, and vegetables continued to be highly susceptible to imidacloprid (Admire®/Provado®). One whitefly collection from poinsettias in Phoenix (05-39) was substantially less susceptibile to imidacloprid, and the related neonicotinoid insecticides, acetamiprid, and thiamethoxam. Regression analysis yielded a significant correlation for whitefly susceptibility to acetamiprid and thiamethoxam. Whiteflies from cotton that were least susceptibile to acetamiprid were also significantly less susceptible to thiamethoxam (Actara®/Centric®/Platinum®). The most worrisome of our 2005 findings was that 6 out of 13 samples of whitefly-infested poinsettias collected from retail stores in metropolitan Tucson and Phoenix consisted of only the Q biotype of Bemisia tabaci. The plants were infested with very low whitefly numbers and thus we were unable to establish them in laboratory cultures to evaluate their resistance status. The Q biotype is native to Spain and was first detected in the US by our group in 2004 on a sample taken from poinsettias. The Q biotype strain we detected in 2004 was highly resistant to a broad range of insecticides used to manage whiteflies in Arizona. None of the 26 field collections evaluated in 2005 was the Q biotype.
2
Palumbo, John. "Comparative Efficacy of Insecticide Combinations Against Whitefly Adults in Melons." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215008.
Full textAbstract:
Several large plot field studies were conducted in the spring of 2006 and 2007 to evaluate and compare the efficacy of several insecticides (used alone and in combinations) for knockdown and residual control of adult whiteflies in cantaloupes. Treatments were initiated when adult whitefly populations exceeded action threshold of 2 adults/ leaf. Evaluations of adult and immature control were made a various intervals following each application. The results of this study demonstrate that the synergized pyrethroid still provides the most significant knockdown activity on whitefly adults among registered alternatives in melons. In most cases, the addition of endosulfan (Thionex) with bifenthrinin provided 7-14 days of adult suppression below the action threshold. Residual control of adults was less effective following a second sequential application. Other alternative tank-mix partners with Capture were less effective, but might be useful to use in rotation with the Capture+Thionex treatments to provide adult knockdown. As we anticipated, adult and immature whitefly control did not differ among the bifenthrin formulations (Capture vs. generics). Finally, because of the risk of whitefly resistance and the heavy reliance on pyrethoids in all vegetable crops grown in the desert, new alternatives for adult whitefly control are needed.
3
Palumbo, John C. "Residual Efficacy of New Insecticide Chemistries Against Cabbage Looper in Head Lettuce." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219966.
Full textAbstract:
Several new insecticide chemistries were evaluated and compared with standard chemistries for residual efficacy against cabbage looper in lettuce. Four field trials were conducted at thinning, and heading stages of lettuce. These replicated trials clearly demonstrate that the new insecticides provide a solid 7 day residual efficacy (>90% control) following spray applications. Overall, Success at rates ranging from 4.5-6.0 oz/acre appeared to provide the most consistent residual activity on larvae present on plants at time of application. Confirm, appeared to have less consistent residual, but control was generally similar to Success. The newer compounds Proclaim and Avaunt, showed good residual efficacy for up to 7 days, and will be a welcome additions to the growers insecticide arsenal. Finally, the fact that all of these compounds are effective against large larvae, in part explains their consistent residual activity on lettuce.
4
Umeda, K., J. Murrieta, and D. Stewart. "Pyrethroid Insecticide Comparison in Broccoli." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221602.
Full textAbstract:
Several pyrethroid insecticides were evaluated and compared for efficacy against lepidopterous insect pests in broccoli. Zeta-cypermethrin (Mustang®) was compared at two rates, tralomethrin (Scout X-tra®) formulations were compared, lambda-cyhalothrin (Karate®), and esfenvalerate (Asana®) were evaluated for efficacy against cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni. CL). Following each of the applications, most of the treatments reduced the number of larger sized CL relative to the untreated check. The two rates of Mustang performed similarly as did the two formulations of Scout X-tra, emulsifiable concentrate versus gel.
5
Dennehy, Timothy J., Benjamin A. DeGain, Virginia S. Harpold, and Sarah A. Brink. "Whitefly Resistance to Insecticides in Arizona: 2002 and 2003 Results." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215233.
Full textAbstract:
"Whitefly resistance to insecticides is a constant threat to successful management of
sticky cotton resulting from inadequate control of Bemisia whiteflies. A three-stage
resistance management program was implemented in Arizona cotton following a
severe whitefly resistance crisis in 1995. This program has been highly successful
for eight years. Success has been fostered by intensive investments into improved
whitefly sampling and treatment decisions, coupled with conservation of natural
enemies. This latter component has hinged on limited, strategic use of two insect
growth regulators in cotton, use of the neonicotinoid insecticide, imidacloprid, in
vegetables and melons, and tactical deployment of non-pyrethroid and pyrethroid
chemicals. Statewide monitoring of whitefly resistance to insecticides in cotton,
melons and greenhouse crops has permitted annual assessments of the status of
whitefly resistance management in Arizona. In this paper we summarize
susceptibility of whitefly collecions made in cotton in the 2002 and 2003 seasons and
discuss longer term trends in resistance development. No major problems regarding
field performance of insecticides against whiteflies were observed or reported in
2002 or 2003. However, monitoring confirmed the early stages of evolution of
resistance to pyriproxyfen (Knack®) and showed that whiteflies possessing this
resistance could be detected in all cotton-producing areas of the state. Susceptibility
to buprofezin (Applaud®/Courier®) has not changed significantly since 1997. Mean
susceptibility to synergized pyrethroids (e.g., Danitol® + Orthene®) has increased
strikingly on a statewide basis since 1995. However, 50 and 25% of cotton fields
sampled in 2002 and 2003, respectively, had resistance levels expected to result in
inadequate performance of synergized pyrethroid treatments. Whiteflies from
throughout Arizona were highly susceptible to imidacloprid (Admire®/Provado®)
and two other neonicotinoid insecticides, acetamiprid (Intruder®) and thiamethoxam
(Actara®/Centric®/Platinum®)."
6
Palumbo, John, Al Fournier, Peter Ellsworth, Kurt Nolte, and Pat Clay. "Insect Crop Losses and Insecticide Usage for Head Lettuce in Arizona: 2004 – 2006." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215002.
Full textAbstract:
Impact assessment is central to the evolution and evaluation of our IPM programs. Quantifiable metrics on insecticide use patterns, costs, targets, and frequency, crop losses due to all stressors of yield and quality, and other real world economic data (e.g., crop value) are our most objective tools for assessing change in our systems. We recently initiated a project to measure the impact of insect losses and insecticide uses in head lettuce grown in Yuma, AZ and the Bard-Winterhaven area of Imperial County, CA. The data generated in this report is useful for responding to pesticide information requests generated by EPA, and can provide a basis for regulatory processes such as Section 18 or 24c requests, as well as for evaluating the impact of our extension programs on risk reduction to growers. This information also confirms the value of PCAs to the lettuce industry by showing the importance of cost-effective management of insect pests in desert lettuce production.
7
Palumbo, John, Kurt Nolte, Al Fournier, and Peter Ellsworth. "Insect Crop Losses and Insecticide Usage for Head Lettuce in Arizona: 2006/2007." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215049.
Full textAbstract:
Impact assessment is central to the evolution and evaluation of our local Insect Pest Management (IPM) programs. Quantifiable metrics on insecticide use patterns, costs, targets, and frequency, crop losses due to all stressors of yield and quality, and other real world economic data (e.g., crop value) are our most objective tools for assessing change in our systems. We recently initiated a project to measure the impact of insect losses and insecticide uses in head lettuce grown in Yuma, AZ and the Bard-Winterhaven area of Imperial County, CA. The data generated in this report is useful for responding to pesticide information requests generated by EPA, and can provide a basis for regulatory processes such as Section 18 requests, as well as for evaluating the impact of our extension programs on risk reduction to growers. This information also confirms the value of PCAs to the lettuce industry by showing the importance of cost-effective management of insect pests in desert lettuce production.
8
Palumbo, John C. "Is Aphid Management Sustainable in Desert Head Lettuce?" College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215250.
Full textAbstract:
New restrictions on insecticides for aphid control presents new challenges for lettuce growers. Dimethoate is soon to be unavailable and the future status of other conventional aphicides is uncertain. However, a number of new active ingredients will soon be available that offer lettuce growers valuable alternatives for aphid management in lettuce. The present dilemma and potential for implementing new chemistries into lettuce IPM programs is discussed in this report.
9
Palumbo, John C. "Comparative Efficacy of Oberon® (spiromesifen) Against Bemisia Whiteflies in Spring Cantaloupes." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215232.
Full textAbstract:
Several studies were conducted on spring cantaloupes from 2002-2004 to evaluate a new insecticide, Oberon (spiromesifen) for whitefly control in spring melons. These studies demonstrate that this IGR-like insecticide offers melon growers management alternatives for effectively controlling whiteflies. The results strongly suggest that Oberon has good potential for controlling whiteflies in spring melon crops similar to what can be expected from Courier. Oberon provided 21-28 days of residual control of whiteflies under spring growing conditions when applied early in whitefly population growth. Our studies also indicate that spray timing is important for cost-effective control with both Oberon and Courier. They also suggest that action thresholds based on adult abundance and nymph densities differ for these two compounds depending on whether Admire has been applied at planting.
10
Palumbo, John, Al Fournier, Peter Ellsworth, Kurt Nolte, and Pat Clay. "Insect Crop Losses and Insecticide Usage for Spring Melons in Southwestern Arizona: 2004 – 2006." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215023.
Full textAbstract:
Impact assessment is central to the evolution and evaluation of our IPM programs. Quantifiable metrics on insecticide use patterns, costs, targets, and frequency, crop losses due to all stressors of yield and quality, and other real world economic data (e.g., crop value) are our most objective tools for assessing change in our systems. We recently initiated a project to measure the impact of insect losses and insecticide uses in cantaloupes and watermelons grown in Yuma, AZ and the Bard–Winterhaven area of Imperial County, CA. The data generated in this report is useful for responding to pesticide information requests generated by EPA, and can provide a basis for regulatory processes such as Section 18 or 24c requests, as well as for evaluating the impact of our extension programs on risk reduction to growers. This information also confirms the value of PCAs to the melon industry by showing the importance of cost-effective management of insect pests in desert production.
11
Palumbo, John, Kurt Nolte, Al Fournier, and Peter Ellsworth. "Insect Crop Losses and Insecticide Usage for Spring Melons in Southwestern Arizona for 2007." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215007.
Full textAbstract:
Impact assessment is central to the evolution and evaluation of our IPM programs. Quantifiable metrics on insecticide use patterns, costs, targets, and frequency, crop losses due to all stressors of yield and quality, and other real world economic data (e.g., crop value) are our most objective tools for assessing change in our systems. We recently initiated a project to measure the impact of insect losses and insecticide uses in cantaloupes and watermelons grown in Yuma, AZ and the Bard-Winterhaven area of Imperial County, CA. The data generated in this report is useful for responding to pesticide information requests generated by EPA, and can provide a basis for regulatory processes such as Section 18 or 24c requests, as well as for evaluating the impact of our extension programs on risk reduction to growers. This information also confirms the value of PCAs to the melon industry by showing the importance of cost-effective management of insect pests in desert production.
12
Palumbo, John, Al Fournier, Peter Ellsworth, Erin Taylor, and Kevin Rice. "Insect Crop Losses and Insecticide Usage for Spring Melons in Central Arizona for 2007." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215037.
Full textAbstract:
Impact assessment is central to the evolution and evaluation of our IPM programs. Quantifiable metrics on insecticide use patterns, costs, targets, and frequency, crop losses due to all stressors of yield and quality, and other real world economic data (e.g., crop value) are our most objective tools for assessing change in our systems. We recently initiated a project to measure the impact of insect losses and insecticide uses in cantaloupes and watermelons grown in central Arizona (Maricopa, Pinal and La Paz counties). The data generated in this report is useful for responding to pesticide information requests generated by EPA, and can provide a basis for regulatory processes such as Section 18 or 24c requests, as well as for evaluating the impact of our extension programs on risk reduction to growers. This information also confirms the value of PCAs to the melon industry by showing the importance of cost-effective management of insect pests in desert production.
13
Kerns, David L., and Tony Tellez. "Tank Mixing New Insecticide Chemistries with a Pyrethroid Insecticide for Control of Lepidopterous Pests in Head Lettuce, 1997." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221679.
Full textAbstract:
Confirm, Success and Proclaim were evaluated for lepidopterous insect control in lettuce with and without the addition of Mustang 1.5EW. Success and Proclaim used alone were highly efficacious toward cabbage looper and Heliothinae and did not appear to benefit greatly from the addition of Mustang. However, Confirm's activity towards Heliothinae was significantly improved by the addition of Mustang. Additionally, on large framed plants where coverage is difficult, Confirm benefitted from the addition of a pyrethroid for control of loopers.
14
Palumbo, John, Al Fournier, Peter Ellsworth, Kurt Nolte, and Pat Clay. "Insect Crop Losses and Insecticide Usage for Cantaloupes and Watermelons in Central Arizona: 2004 – 2006." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215024.
Full textAbstract:
Impact assessment is central to the evolution and evaluation of our IPM programs. Quantifiable metrics on insecticide use patterns, costs, targets, and frequency, crop losses due to all stressors of yield and quality, and other real world economic data (e.g., crop value) are our most objective tools for assessing change in our systems. We recently initiated a project to measure the impact of insect losses and insecticide uses in cantaloupes and watermelons grown in Yuma, AZ and the Bard-Winterhaven area of Imperial County, CA. The data generated in this report is useful for responding to pesticide information requests generated by EPA, and can provide a basis for regulatory processes such as Section 18 or 24c requests, as well as for evaluating the impact of our extension programs on risk reduction to growers. This information also confirms the value of PCAs to the melon industry by showing the importance of cost-effective management of insect pests in desert production.
15
Umeda, K., D. Stewart, and J. Murrieta. "DPX-MP062 (DuPont) Insecticide Efficacy in Broccoli Study." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221603.
Full textAbstract:
DPX -MP062 (Dupont) insecticide was applied two times in broccoli for cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni. CL) control and demonstrated efficacy comparable or superior to methomyl (Lannate®) or esfenvalerate (Asana®). DPX-MP062 0.025 to 0.065 lb AI/A alone or in combination with Lannate significantly reduced the number of medium to large sized CL larvae relative to the untreated broccoli following each application.
16
Palumbo, John, Clayton Jr Mullis, Francisco Reyes, and Andreas Amaya. "New Insecticide Alternatives for Aphid Management in Head Lettuce." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221649.
Full textAbstract:
Several new insecticide was compared to Admire and Provado combinations for management of aphids in head lettuce in Yuma in two trials conducted in 1998. Foliar applications of Provado, Fulllfill, Aphistar and Acetamiprid appear to provide an alternative method of controlling aphids on lettuce comparable to prophylactic applications of Admire. In addition, at planting and side dress soil applications of thimethoxam provided aphid control comparable to Admire. The prevention of aphid colonization in lettuce heads with the foliar alternatives may depend greatly on the timing and frequency of applications before harvest occurs. Residual activity of the new foliar alternatives ranged from at least 7-14 days. These studies suggest that more than one application of the foliar products will be necessary to adequately suppress aphid contamination in heads. Evaluations of thiamethoxam suggest that it is more mobile in the soil than Admire and may be a candidate for side dress applications for aphid management.
17
Umeda, K., and C. Fredman. "Admire® Insecticide Use and Influence on Cantaloupe Growth." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221493.
Full textAbstract:
Cantaloupe growth was influenced by using imidacloprid (Admire®) insecticide to control, suppress, or reduce whiteflies. The growth rate of cantaloupe was evaluated at regular intervals after crop emergence and a rate response was observed with greater growth with respect to increase in Admire® rate. Following at planting time applications, at 3 and 4 weeks after treatment (WAT) cantaloupe plants had more foliar growth and a greater number of leaves with increasing Admire® rate. At 5 to 8 WAT, cantaloupe vines exhibited greater growth with increasing rates of Admire®.
18
Palumbo, John, Clayton Jr Mullis, Francisco Reyes, and Andreas Amaya. "Evaluation of Foliar Insecticide Approaches for Aphid Management in Head Lettuce." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221644.
Full textAbstract:
Provado insecticide (imidacloprid) was compared to Admire and other standard insecticides for management of aphids in head lettuce in Yuma 1995 and 1996. Foliar applications of Provado appear to provide an alternative method of controlling aphids on lettuce comparable to prophylactic applications of Admire. The prevention of aphid colonization in lettuce heads with Provado may depend greatly on the timing and frequency of applications before harvest occurs. These studies and other studies on spinach suggest that more than one application of Provado will be necessary to adequately suppress aphid contamination in heads. The label suggests that applications be timed 5-7 apart. Our data tends to support this recommendation. Furthermore, timing applications should be based on days to harvest, level of aphid colonization and duration of aphid migration.
19
Kerns, David L., and John C. Palumbo. "Residual Activity of New Insecticide Chemistries Against Beet Armyworm in Lettuce." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214745.
Full textAbstract:
Three new insecticide chemistries (Alert, Success and Confirm) were evaluated and compared with standard chemistries for residual activity to beet armyworm in lettuce. Lettuce was treated in the field with the insecticides and left for 0, 3, 5 and 7 days. Leaves from treated plants were then brought into the laboratory where second instar beet armvworms were reared on them. Mortality was estimated 5 days after the worms were placed on the leaves. Bioassay were conducted at the thinning, heading, and harvest stages of lettuce. Under high temperature and light intensity, only Alert and Confirm provided the best residual control of beet armyworm, exhibiting good activity for about 3 days after application. Success had better residual activity than Lannate, and both were better than Xentari. Under cool temperatures and low light intensity conditions, Alert, Confirm and Larvin exhibited good activity for at least 5 days following an application, (7 days or greater for Alert and Confirm). Lannate and Xentari both had greater residual activity late in the season, but were not as effective as Alert, Confirm or Larvin. Late season activity of Success did not appear to differ much from early season observations, and did not appear to provide more than 3 days residual activity.
20
Stuart, Iain A. "Studies in the application of supercritical fluid extraction to carbamate insecticide residue analysis." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388284.
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21
Rethwisch, Michael D., Michael Meadows, Larry Hood, Sherwood Winans, Wayne Coates, and Greg Main. "Effect of Oils and an Insecticide Applies to Snap Beans on Leafminer and Associated Parasitoid Numbers." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214517.
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22
Palumbo, John C. "Evaluation of Neonicotinoid Insecticides for Whitefly Management in Melons." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214926.
Full textAbstract:
Several studies were conducted in the spring and fall 2001 to evaluate a number of neonicotinoid compounds (Admire, Calypso, Actara, Platinum and dinotefuron) for whitefly control in spring and fall melons. The results of these studies demonstrate that several insecticide products are being developed that offer melon growers management alternatives for controlling whiteflies. The new foliar neonicotinoid Calypso (thiacloprid), shows excellent promise as a foliar, post-planting spray with 14-21 day residual. Further, no consistent negative interaction was detected between Platinum and fertilizer, 10-34-0 and UN 32, applied together as at-planting or side dress soil treatments. These treatments provided good whitefly control, but further research is needed to replicate these effects as Platinum has been labeled at lower rates than the manufacturer initially anticipated. At planting applications of Platinum at 8 oz (current labeled rate) did however provide acceptable residual control of whiteflies on fall melons under heavy population pressure.
23
Palumbo, John C. "Knockdown and Residual Efficacy of Biopesticides and Reduced-Risk Insecticides against Western Flower Thrips in Romaine Lettuce." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214928.
Full textAbstract:
Three separate field trials over two years were conducted to evaluate the comparative knockdown and residual efficacy of several conventional, Reduced risk and biopesticide compounds against western flower thrips in romaine lettuce. These trials consistently demonstrated that both Lannate-pyrethroid combinations and Success provided significant knockdown and residual control of thrips adults and larvae when compared to the other spray biopesticide treatments. Unfortunately, the biopesticide alternatives at best provided poor to marginal efficacy against western flower thrips. The implication of these results on desert lettuce production and resistance management programs is discussed.
24
Palumbo, John C. "Influence of Planting Date and Insecticidal Control on Seasonal Abundance of Lettuce Aphids on Head Lettuce." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214927.
Full textAbstract:
Small plot studies were conducted from 1999-2001 to examine the population abundance and control of the lettuce aphid on winter and spring head lettuce crops. In each year, Seven, 0.25 acre planting of head lettuce were established beginning in Sep-Oct with final harvest occurring in April. Replicated plots within several planting were treated with an Admire treatment at planting, a side dress application of Platinum post-planting or allowed to remain untreated. Lettuce aphids were first detected in our experimental area in December in PD 3 in 2001, but in 2002 first occurred in lettuce almost 2 months later (Feb 21). Similarly, lettuce aphid abundance was much greater in 2001 than in 2002, probably a result of temperature difference. Temperature had an important influence upon lettuce aphid development based on our field observations. Population appeared to increase in early March when the average daily temperature was about 65 E F. We observed a sharp decline in population abundance in April where daytime highs exceeded 90E F. Insecticide treatments also influenced seasonal abundance. Under heavy aphid pressure in 2001, lettuce treated with Admire in the early planting dates appeared to prevent lettuce aphids from significantly infesting lettuce heads at harvest. However, lettuce aphids in the last 3 planting dates were able to colonize plants and infest a larger proportion of heads at levels not considered commercially acceptable. Under lighter pressure in 2002, lettuce aphids did not significantly colonize Admire treated lettuce. Green peach aphid, potato aphid and foxglove aphids were also present in both years, but seldom reached economic levels, and where completely controlled in plots treated with soil, systemic insecticides.
25
Palumbo, John C. "The Effects of Spray Adjuvants on the Insecticidal Activity of Success® (spinosad) on Lettuce and Melons." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214942.
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Studies were conducted in the field and laboratory to investigate how the addition of spray adjuvants to Success affected its insecticidal activity against leafminers, thrips and lepidopterous larvae. Studies were also designed to evaluate the knockdown and residual mortality of Success against worms when applied with a buffer to produce an acidic spray solution. Results indicated that Success applied without an adjuvant appeared to provide the most consistent adult mortality of Liriomyza leafminers. In contrast, the addition of a penetrating surfactant (crop oil concentrate) resulted in significantly greater larval mortality consistent with the leafminer feeding behavior. Efficacy of Success against lepidopterous larvae and western flower thrips was not improved using a spray surfactant. However, addition of buffering agents to Success spray solutions significantly affected efficacy against beet armyworm and cabbage looper. Lab bioassays and field studies showed that knockdown mortality was not affected, but residual efficacy was significantly reduced when Success was applied in an acidic (pH 4.2) spray environment.
26
Umeda, Kai. "Whitefly Control with Foliar Insecticides in Cantaloupes." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214968.
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Courier, Knack, Assail, Calypso, and Oberon treatments on cantaloupe were effective in maintaining reduced numbers of WF eggs, immatures, and adults for 30 DAT. After 30 DAT, all treatments showed that WF adult counts began to increase. Courier, Knack, Assail, Calypso, and Oberon treated cantaloupe leaves had adult WF counts of one-half or less that of the untreated check and remaining treatments. The pyrethroid plus endosulfan treatments were effective for 7 to 13 DAT in reducing immature WF. After 21DAT, the pyrethroid plus endosulfan treatments and Actara showed a greater increase in the numbers of eggs, immatures, and adults compared to Courier, Knack, Assail, Calypso, and Oberon treatments. The seasonal average number of eggs, immatures, and adults was the least on Assail treated cantaloupes. Knack, Courier, Calypso, and Oberon treated cantaloupes consistently had less eggs, immatures, and adults compared to the untreated check.
27
Palumbo, John C., F. J. Reyes, L. Carey, A. Amaya, and L. Ledesma. "Interactions Between Insecticides, Spray pH, & Adjuvants." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214912.
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Studies were conducted in the laboratory to investigate how the addition of a insecticides to two sources of Colorado River water would effect the pH of spray mixtures. In addition, we were curious what the effects of various labeled concentrations of buffers, acidifiers, spreader/stickers, and foliar nutrient sprays would have on the pH of spray water. Results showed that in most cases, spray concentration remained alkaline following addition of insecticides and adjuvants, with variations occurring primarily for the OPs. Buffering agents dramatically lowed pH at concentration greater than 0.25% v/v. Studies were also designed to evaluate the knockdown and residual mortality of Success against worms when applied in an acidic spray solution. Bioassays of larval mortality on field-treated foliage showed that knockdown mortality was not affected, but residual efficacy was significantly reduced when Success was applied using acidic (pH 4.2) spray solutions.
28
Umeda, Kai. "Evaluation of Foliar Insecticides for Whiteflies in Cantaloupes." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219967.
Full textAbstract:
A single application of buprofezin (Applaud7) at 0.38 lb AI/A had the fewest number of adult whiteflies (WF) on rating dates at 13, 21, and 27 days after treatment (DAT). The number of immature WF at 21 DAT of a single Applaud application ranged from 0.8 to 5.2 nymphs/leaf, significantly less than the untreated. Applaud treatments were effective in minimizing the immatures for 21 DAT of a single application and then numbers began to increase before 27 DAT. Applaud plus two subsequent weekly applications of bifenthrin (Capture7) plus endosulfan (Thiodan7, Phaser7) was almost similar to single applications of Applaud alone and adult numbers were also low. Weekly applications of the pyrethroids plus endosulfan reduced the adult WF relative to the untreated at 1 week after treatment (WAT). At 2 WAT of the third application, fenpropathrin (Danitol7) and Capture continued to show reduced numbers of adults and esfenvalerate (Asana7) was similar to the untreated. Danitol treatments had numerically fewer adults than Capture which was lower than Asana. The lowest adult and immature WF populations were observed season-long in the CGA-293343 (Novartis) treated cantaloupes. Both rates, 0.067 and 0.09 lb AI/A performed similarly and numerically slightly fewer nymphs were observed for the higher rate. CGA-293343 plus CGA-215944 (pymetrozine, Fulfill7) performed similar to the two rates of CGA-293343 alone.
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Umeda, K. "Soil-Applied Insecticides for Whitefly Control in Fall Cantaloupes." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219969.
Full textAbstract:
CGA-293343 and Admire applied to the soil at planting time provided good control of WF at rating dates 34, 45, and 52 DAP. Cantaloupes treated with CGA-293343 at 0.09 lb AI/A showed a greater increase in number of immatures after 45 DAP compared to the CGA-293343 at 0.18 lb AI/A applied on melons. At 59 DAP, the higher rate of CGA-293343 continued to reduce the number of immatures compared to the lower rate and untreated check. Admire treated melons with or without a subsequent foliar insecticide treatments showed reduced WF nymphs at 45 and 52 DAP or 10 and 17 days after treatment (DAT) of foliar applications. Foliar applications of Applaud or Asana plus endosulfan did not significantly reduce WF immatures compared to a single at-planting time application of Admire. The application of either foliar treatment did not extend the length of control beyond that offered by the Admire treatment.
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Palumbo, John C., and Barry Tickes. "Management of Aphids is Brassica Seed Crops with Selective Insecticides." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214966.
Full textAbstract:
Replicated studies were conducted to examine aphid distribution and insecticidal control in a commercial cauliflower seed crop in 2001, and in large plots at the Yuma Agricultural Center in 2003. Results were generally consistent in both studies. The primary aphid species found colonizing pre-blooming crops were cabbage aphids, turnip aphids, and green peach aphids. During the bloom period (March-April), the population was almost exclusively cabbage aphid feeding on seed pods and extensions. During the pre-bloom growth period, green peach aphids tended to colonize plants slightly earlier and were found primarily on the older frame leaves low on the plant. In most cases, male and female plants were colonized to the same extent. Cabbage and turnip aphids did not appear to have a clear preference between older and younger leaves, and appeared to colonize males and females equally. Once the plant began to bloom and set seed, cabbage aphid was the primary species (>90%) found feeding on developing seed pods in both tests. These aphid populations were very susceptible to contact insecticides and quickly knocked down by both Capture and MSR. Of the selective, bee safe products, Pirimor provided the most consistent residual aphid control. Assail and Fulfill worked well against aphids on foliage, but did not provide comparable control on seed pods. Aphid densities were extremely high in the untreated check and resulted in almost complete loss of the crop in these plots. Seed yields were not taken due to heavy losses to Sclerotinia and bird damage.
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Palumbo, John C. "Foxglove Aphids in Lettuce: Control with Reduced-Risk and Conventional Insecticides." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214965.
Full textAbstract:
Several small-plot studies were conducted in the spring of 2003 to compare the residual efficacy of several new reduced risk insecticides with a number of conventional aphicide compounds on head lettuce and romaine. Our efforts were primarily directed at determining efficacy against the foxglove aphid, a newly discovered pest in Yuma. In general, several new neonicotinoid foliar compounds provided good residual control of all aphid species including foxglove aphid. Other new compounds were less consistent. Admire, the standard soil systemic used in lettuce, was inconsistent against Foxglove aphid providing 85-90% control relative to >95% control against other aphid species present in the plots. Conventional aphid compound such as Capture, dimethoate, endosulfan, Orthene and MSR consistently provided good, economic control of Foxglove aphids in both head and romaine lettuce. Based on the results of these and previous studies, a sampling procedure and action threshold are recommended for foxglove aphid control in desert lettuce.
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Dennehy, Timothy J., Benjamin A. DeGain, Virginia S. Harpold, Judith K. Brown, Shai Morin, Jeff A. Fabrick, Frank J. Byrne, and Robert L. Nichols. "New Challenges to Management of Whitefly Resistance to Insecticides in Arizona." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/215014.
Full textAbstract:
We report on susceptibility to insecticides of whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) collected from cotton, melons and ornamental plants during the 2004 season. No major problems with field performance of insecticides against whiteflies were observed or reported in 2004 in Arizona cotton, vegetables, or melons. However, monitoring revealed further statewide reduction in susceptibility to pyriproxyfen (Knack®) and showed that whiteflies possessing pyriproxyfen resistance could be detected in all low desert areas of the state. Susceptibility to buprofezin (Applaud®/Courier®) has not changed significantly since 1997. Mean susceptibility to synergized pyrethroids (e.g., Danitol® + Orthene®) has increased strikingly on a statewide basis since 1995 though highly resistant whiteflies were detected in some collections from cotton, melons and ornamentals. Whiteflies from throughout Arizona continued to be highly susceptible to imidacloprid (Admire®/Provado®). However, susceptibility to the related neonicotinoid insecticide, acetamiprid (Intruder®) varied widely and was lowest in collections from melons and greenhouse plants. Whiteflies from cotton that were least susceptibile to acetamiprid were significantly less susceptible to a second neonicotinoid, thiamethoxam (Actara®/Centric®/Platinum®). The most worrisome findings of our 2004 studies stemmed from detection of a strain of B. tabaci, at a retail nursery, that was essentially unaffected by pyriproxyfen in egg bioassays. It also possessed strikingly reduced susceptibility to acetamiprid, buprofezin, mixtures of fenpropathrin and acephate, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam. This strain was found to be a biotype of B. tabaci previously undescribed in the US, the Q biotype. We cannot predict with accuracy the timecourse of future resistance problems or the spread and impact of this new whitefly biotype. However, our findings point to the need to formulate contingency plans for management of resistance, in order to insure that Arizona agriculture does not revisit the severe whitefly control problems experienced in the past.
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Kerns, David L., and Tony Tellez. "Efficacy of Insecticides to Diamondback Moth in Cabbage in Yuma County." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219962.
Full textAbstract:
Commercial and experimental insecticides were evaluated for their ability to control diamondback moth (DBM) on green cabbage in Yuma, AZ. At early to mid-heading, all the insecticides evaluated appeared to offer similar control. However, on large, full sized cabbage, Asana, Alert, Lannate, Success and S-1812 offered the best DBM control, while Lorsban, Proclaim and Intrepid appeared weak. Unlike other areas of the U.S., DBM in Yuma still appears to be highly sensitive to a wide range of insecticide chemistries.
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Palumbo, John, Clayton Jr Mullis, Francisco Reyez, Andreas Amaya, and Luis Ledesma. "Application and Timing of Insecticides for Aphid Management in Head Lettuce." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219964.
Full textAbstract:
The timing and application methods of new insecticide chemistries for aphid control were compared to imidacloprid in several studies in 1998 and 1999. Foliar applications of Fulllfill, Aphistar, Actara and Acetamiprid appear to provide an alternative method of controlling aphids on lettuce comparable to prophylactic applications of Admire. Timing applications as aphids began to colonize was critical for preventing head contamination at harvest. In addition, at planting and side dress soil applications of Platinum provided aphid control comparable to Admire. Residual activity of the new foliar alternatives appeared to differ depending on spray timing relative to aphid density and plant stage. These studies suggest that more than one application of the foliar products will be necessary to adequately suppress aphid contamination in heads. Evaluations of thiamethoxam suggest that it is more mobile in the soil than Admire and may be a candidate for side dress applications for aphid management.
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Kerns, David L., and Tony Tellez. "Evaluation of New Insecticides for Aphid Control in Green Leaf Lettuce." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219976.
Full textAbstract:
New soil injected and foliar insecticides were evaluated for their efficacy towards potato aphids in green leaf lettuce. The soil injected insecticides, Platinum and V10066, both appear to be viable alternatives to Admire, providing effective aphid control through harvest or ca. 90 days post-planting. Two foliar applications of Acetamiprid or Aphistar timed ca. 14 days apart beginning at the onset of aphid colonization provided superior aphid control over Provado or Fullfill, and control similar to that of the soil injected insecticides.
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Kerns, David L., and Tony Tellez. "New Insecticides and Tank Mix Combinations for Worm Control in Lettuce." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219977.
Full textAbstract:
Proclaim and a normal use rate of 5 oz/ac of Success were highly effective against cabbage looper, Heliothis and beet armyworm. A low rate of 1.5 oz/ac of Success provided sufficient control of Heliothis and beet armyworm, but was weak against cabbage looper. While a low rate of 2.56 oz/ac of Warrior was not especially active against any of the target species. However, when this rate of Warrior was mixed with the low rate of Success, control across all the species was good, and was statistically similar to the higher rate of Success. Although Intrepid appeared slightly more active than its sister compound Confirm, it appears that it too will benefit from the addition of a pyrethroid for control of Heliothis and cabbage loopers on large lettuce plants.
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Kerns, David L., and Tony Tellez. "Baseline Susceptibility of Cabbage Looper to Insecticides." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/220013.
Full textAbstract:
Populations of cabbage looper were collected during 1998 from 12 geographical location in the United States, and were assessed for susceptibility to six new insecticides: Alert, Avaunt, Confirm, Intrepid, Proclaim, and Success, and to a standard insecticide, Pounce. There was no detectable evidence indicating insecticide resistance to any of the new insecticides. However, variability in response to Confirm, Proclaim, and Success warrants close resistance monitoring. Cabbage looper response to Pounce was extremely variable, and there was strong evidence for the occurrence of resistance. Populations from Jackson, MS, Sunderland, MA, and Whately, MA all exhibited high levels of resistance to Pounce with resistance ratios of 90.60, 93.50, and 76.30-fold respectively.
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Kerns, David L., and Tony Tellez. "Evaluation of Knack for Aphid Control in Green Leaf Lettuce." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219963.
Full textAbstract:
Knack was evaluated for its potential for regulating aphid populations in green leaf lettuce. However, Knack did not appear to be a viable control option, and probably did not work due to an inability to deliver the material where the aphids were on the underside of the lower leaves. A soil injection treatment of Admire at planting, and a foliar standard of Warrior + Endosulfan applied at the initiation of aphid colonization and again 14 later, were highly effective treatments.
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Palumbo, John C. "Preliminary Examination of the Population Dynamics and Control of the Lettuce Aphid on Romaine." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219965.
Full textAbstract:
Several small plot studies were conducted during the spring of 1999 to examine the population growth, distribution and control of the lettuce aphid on romaine. The lettuce aphid population developed to greater numbers more quickly and spread among plants more rapidly when compared with other aphids species under late spring growing conditions. Most of the lettuce aphids sampled were found on the hearts of the plants rather than the frame and wrapper leaves. Our preliminary efficacy studies suggest that foliar sprays, when timed properly and with proper coverage, can provide adequate control of the lettuce aphid for up to 14 days. Furthermore, significant suppression of apterous lettuce aphid populations was observed in plots where pyrethoid treatment were sprayed for thrips control. The implications of these results for future research and management of lettuce aphids in desert lettuce is discussed.
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Umeda, K., and B. Strickland. "S-1812 Lepidopterous Insect Pest Control in Broccoli Study." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219968.
Full textAbstract:
A single application of S-1812 (Valent) at 0.15 and 0.20 lb AI/A effectively reduced Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth, DBM) in broccoli compared to the untreated check. S-1812 at 0.15 lb AI/A performed similar to thiodicarb (Larvin) at 1.0 lb AI/A. S-1812 significantly reduced the DBM at 5 days after treatment (DAT) and control was effective for up to 14 DAT. S-1812 was less effective against Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper, CL) compared to DBM control efficacy or Larvin. S-1812 reduced the development of small CL to larger sized larvae.
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Moulton, J. K., D. A. Pepper, and T. J. Dennehy. "Studies of Resistance of Beet Armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) to Spinosad in Field Populations from the Southern USA and Southeast Asia." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219978.
Full textAbstract:
Susceptibility to spinosad (Success®/Tracer®) of beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) from the southern U.S.A. and Southeast Asia was determined through exposure of third instar larvae to dipped cotton leaves. LC₅₀ values of field populations ranged from 0.6 to 14 μg spinosad/ml. Field populations were 3.0 to 70-fold less susceptible to spinosad than was a susceptible reference population. The least susceptible population was collected from Thailand. We hypothesized that this population was resistant to spinosad because: (1) it was significantly less susceptible to spinosad than all other populations evaluated and than any other reports in the literature; (2) it regained susceptibility while in culture; (3) it was collected from a region of very intensive insecticide use and severe insect resistance problems; and (4) it exhibited significant survivorship on field-treated cabbage leaves. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO), diethyl maleate (DEM), and S,S,S tributyl-phosphorothiolate (DEF) failed to synergize spinosad in this resistant Thailand population, and PBO failed to do so in the least susceptible domestic population evaluated, the Parker, AZ, field strain. However, the synergist and field residue studies were conducted using a Thailand population that had levels of resistance that declined while in laboratory culture.
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Palumbo, John C. "A Practical Approach for Managing Lepidopterous Larvae with in Head Lettuce." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219979.
Full textAbstract:
During the past 5 years, the efficacy and field performance of several new insecticides for control of Lepidopterous insects on desert lettuce crops has been investigated in small plot trials at the Yuma Agricultural Center and in produce fields with commercial cooperators. The objective has been to determine how these new chemistries will fit into pest management programs in Arizona. Thus, research programs have been focused on studies to define use patterns for these insecticides chemicals that can be integrated into our local management programs in the most cost-effective way possible. This report was created to provide an overview of the new chemistries being developed, their field activity and characteristics, and guidelines for use in head lettuce. In addition, an approach for sustaining the long-term efficacy of these products is discussed.
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Palumbo, John, Peter Ellsworth, Kai Umeda, Tim Dennehy, Mike Arbogast, Lin Evans, Todd Hannan, Ed Minch, and Bob Nichols. "Cross Commodity Management of Whiteflies and Chemical Efficacy in Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219980.
Full textAbstract:
The Western Growers Association and Arizona Cotton Growers Association worked cooperatively with a group of University of Arizona scientists, Arizona Department of Agriculture officials and regional pest control advisors to develop general guidelines for managing whiteflies and specific recommendations for Applaud and Admire use. This was achieved by identifying differences in crop production, insecticide use, and whitefly population dynamics on key host crops within three distinct growing regions in Arizona. Data was compiled that when graphically illustrated identified important, multidimensional interactions within cropping systems. Based on the patterns resulting from our analysis, initial recommendations have been formulated to harmonize chemical use across commodities by restricting Applaud use to only once per crop season in use windows, with additional guidelines for reducing the possibility of exposing successive whitefly generations to the same mode of action. The diversification and limitation of Admire and other active ingredients, and the employment of cultural practices are also be considered. Should this model of cooperation be successful, valuable and scarce modes of action may also be shared in the future within diverse, integrated use systems.
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Palumbo, John C. "Field Performance of Admire Against Silverleaf Whitefly on Commercial Iceberg Lettuce, 1993-1998." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219981.
Full textAbstract:
Whitefly populations in the Yuma area have been reduced to levels that growers can cost-effectively manage. Data from our studies suggest that these declines in pest populations are largely attributed to the use of Admire 2F (imidacloprid) soil treatments. Relative to the outbreaks in 1993-1994, whitefly populations during the past four growing seasons have remained at sub-economic levels on lettuce crops throughout the growing areas in Yuma This chemical has provided excellent control of whiteflies on fall lettuce, and aphids on spring lettuce. After 6 years of evaluation in commercial fields, the product appears to remain highly efficacious, maintaining good residual activity. Studies in 1998 on fall broccoli and melons crops further support this conclusion. Factors responsible for this sustained efficacy of Admire are discussed.
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Umeda, K., and B. Strickland. "Diamondback Moth Control in Spring Cabbage Study." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219982.
Full textAbstract:
Spinosad (Success7), chlorfenapyr (Alert7), DPX-MP062 (DuPont), thiodicarb (Larvin7), and cryolite (Kryocide7) progressively reduced the total number of Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth, DBM) following each of three applications. Success treated cabbage had the fewest number of small-sized DBM larvae after the first application and maintained very low numbers following subsequent applications. Relative performance of the insecticides based on efficacy indicated by a seasonal average of total DBM larvae showed that Success was highly effective followed by methomyl (Lannate) and Larvin. Emamectin-benzoate (Proclaim7), Alert, and DPX-MP062 performed comparably and tebufenozide (Confirm7) and Kryocide were less effective.
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Umeda, Kai. "Leafminer Control in Cantaloupes." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219983.
Full textAbstract:
Cantaloupe leaf damage from leafminer activity was minimal to non-existent when evaluated at 6 days after treatment (DAT) following each of the first four weekly application dates. At 13 DAT-4, the number of mined leaves increased tremendously over the previous observation date. The untreated cantaloupes showed an increase from 30.8 to 81.8 mined leaves compared to the previous week. Agri-mek and the alternation treatment of Trigard, Success7, and Agri-mek applied on cantaloupes showed the fewest number of mined leaves at about 22 mined leaves. Trigard and Success treated cantaloupes had increased number of mined leaves ranging from 44 to 56.8. Agri-mek and the alternation treatment consistently had the fewest number of mined leaves during the course of the test period. Trigard and Success treatments performed similarly and reduced the number of mined leaves relative to the untreated cantaloupes. Success at the higher rate appeared to be slightly more active by showing numerically fewer mined leaves than the lower rate of application. Success treated melons yielded nearly twice as much compared to the other treatments and the untreated. Success treated melons also offered a higher number of marketable fruit at better than 80% compared to about 60% for the other treatments. Less stickiness was observed on the Success treated cantaloupes. There appeared to be an effect from Success applications on whitefly to reduce the honeydew stickiness.
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Umeda, Kai. "Insecticides for Whitefly Control in Cantaloupes." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221640.
Full textAbstract:
Several experimental insecticide treatments alone or in combinations were evaluated and demonstrated efficacy against Bemisia argentifolii [silverleaf whitefly (WF) also known as sweet potato WF, B. tabaci]. At each rating date following each of four applications, the number of adult and immature WF were reduced relative to the untreated check CGA-215944 (Ciba) treatment combinations were similar at each rating date and significant differences could not be distinguished between the addition of fenoxycarb (Ciba) or CGA-59205 (Ciba). Combinations of insecticides or alternating with insect growth regulators (IGR's) also significantly reduced numbers of WF adults and immatures similar to the standard treatment of bifenthrin (Capture®) plus endosulfan. A single application of pyriproxyfen (Valent) was followed by different treatments [endosulfan followed by fenpropathrin (Danitol®) plus methamidaphos (Monitor®) followed by endosulfan] at each application date. Buprofezin (Applaud®) was combined or alternated with endosulfan at each application and similar reduction of WF was observed. Pyridaben (BASF) did not adequately reduce WF adults and immatures relative to the standard treatment in this test. The Ciba compounds and single or multiple applications of the IGR's, pyriproxyfen and Applaud were highly effective in substantially reducing WF immatures and adults in this test.
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Umeda, K., G. Gal, and B. Strickland. "Insecticides for Whitefly Control in Cantaloupe." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/221658.
Full textAbstract:
In small plot field testing, the new IGR's, buprofezine, pyriproxyfen, and fenoxycarb plus CGA-215944 , offered very good reduction of the WF adults and immature stages for several weeks. Combinations of the new insecticides and alternating weekly applications were effective in minimizing WF season-long. Pyrethroids, bifenthrin and esfenvalerate plus endosulfan treatments, were effective after early applications and nymph counts were elevated after the third application. Oxydemeton-methyl and imidacloprid treatments applied weekly compared favorably with the new chemistries to reduce adults and immatures. Pyridaben applied weekly reduced adult counts relative to the untreated check but immatures increased after the third application.
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Palumbo, John C. "Beet Armyworm and Cabbage Looper in Head Lettuce: Control with Selective and Reduced-Risk Insecticides." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/214961.
Full textAbstract:
Studies were replicated over 2 years to further evaluate the residual efficacy of several selective, reduced-risk compounds that are now registered for use in head lettuce. In most cases, the Success, Proclaim, Avaunt and Intrepid provided excellent seasonal efficacy against beet armyworm and cabbage looper larvae. Their performance at stand establishment and harvest were also examined. Based on the results of these studies and additional trials conducted over the past several years, we now have sufficient information for optimizing their uses in our lettuce pest management program. Because they are uniquely different insecticide chemistries, they can be rotated throughout the season to prevent the rapid buildup of resistance. A table was constructed that offers suggested uses for each compound throughout the season. The results are ultimately are aimed at assisting growers and PCA’s in making sound decisions on choosing compounds for use in controlling beet armyworm and cabbage looper in head lettuce.
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Umeda, K., D. MacNeil, and D. Roberts. "New Insecticides for Diamondback Moth Control in Cabbage." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/219999.
Full textAbstract:
At 3 days after the first application, RH-2485, Success, Proclaim, Avaunt, and Larvin reduced the total number of diamondback moth (DBM) larvae to less than 2.0 larvae per 10 plants compared to the untreated that had 7.0 larvae/10 plants. Alert, Kryocide, and S-1812 treated cabbage exhibited 4.0 to 5.0 larvae/10 plants and Lannate was intermediate with 2.7 total larvae/10 plants. Following a second application, Success and Proclaim completely controlled DBM for one week. Success, Proclaim, Alert, and Larvin continued to offer very good control of DBM for two weeks after the second application. S-1812 performed similarly to Lannate.