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Journal articles on the topic 'Vegetarianism'
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Milichovský, František, and Pavel Mráček. "Customers’ behaviour during purchasing vegetarian products in global retail environment." SHS Web of Conferences 74 (2020): 04016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207404016.
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Purpose Behaviour in food purchasing is usually associated with personal identity. Vegetarian’s apologist has diverse attitude vis-à-vis animals and the environment, which affect global nature in the context of national agriculture production. According to comparison vegans with vegetarians, vegetarians are quite tolerant of other animal products except for meat products. Worldwide, vegans do not accept any animal products of animals. That approach should impact requirements on food offer and perception of potential customers. Methods There were employed questionnaire survey, where there were asked 1389 persons to participate in the primary research. From this amount we receive 395 questionnaires, what mean 28,44% returned forms. Findings According to respondents’ gender, there were participated in 212 women (53,67% of all participants) and 183 men (46,33% of all participants). For evaluation of gained data, there was applied Pearson’s chi-square test for independence of variables. The main objective of the paper is to find a connection between suggestions of vegetarianism and gender of target potential customers. From survey authors chose general opinions about vegetarianism, which represents feelings of participants: (1) is vegetarianism healthful; (2) does vegetarianism not include enough nutrients for humans, (3) is vegetarianism danger for child evolution, (4) is a human body adapted to meat consummation, (5) help vegetarians to reach higher age. All of these variables were put into evaluation of dependence with gender by Pearson’s chi-square test.
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Kuz, Maria P., and Valeriia D. Chernoskutova. "Vegetarian Diet: Consumption in the Context of Asceticism." Inter 11, no. 19 (2019): 38–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/inter.2019.19.3.
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The research contributes to the study of the consumer practices and internal structure of vegetarian community. On the one part, vegetarians are seen as ascetic lifestyle followers, whereas on the other vegetarians constitute a part of consumer society as evidenced by the rapid growth in specialty “vegetarian market”. Thus, we come up with the contradiction between vegetarian’s demonstrated ascetic idea of abandoning consumption and real engagement into the processes governed by the consumer society. The research is conducted in mixed-method design. The qualitative part is formed by 21 in-depth interviews with “experienced vegetariandieters” of various stages in Russia (vegetarians, vegans, raw-vegans and fruitarians). Furthermore, the survey is built on a random sample of the same empirical object (225 selfcompleted questionnaires) in order to estimate and verify some of the qualitative-part results. The research shows that consumption is central to the process of transition to vegetarian diet as takes the adaptive part: identical goods and services contribute to the group assimilation. The extent of adherence to “vegetarian market” is differentiated according to the type of vegetarian diet. It is supposed that all the vegetarian diets (vegetarianism, veganism, rawism, fruitarianism) can be accounted as unity, which is split into several hierarchical types of diet (stages). The process of transition to various stages (from conventional diet to vegetarianism, from vegetarianism to veganism, from veganism to rawism and fruitarianism) is interpreted via the “rite of passage” theory and its’ three phases (separation, transition and incorporation). The results show that there exists a vegetarian hierarchy, where vegetarian-dieters can sequentially advance their stage via the circular “rite of passage” (which means that each several transition between any of the vegetarianism stages requires anew “rite of passage” to be thoroughly accomplished).
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Francis, Michael, Kenneth E. Westerman, Alisa K. Manning, and Kaixiong Ye. "Gene-vegetarianism interactions in calcium, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and testosterone identified in genome-wide analysis across 30 biomarkers." PLOS Genetics 20, no. 7 (July 11, 2024): e1011288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1011288.
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We examined the associations of vegetarianism with metabolic biomarkers using traditional and genetic epidemiology. First, we addressed inconsistencies in self-reported vegetarianism among UK Biobank participants by utilizing data from two dietary surveys to find a cohort of strict European vegetarians (N = 2,312). Vegetarians were matched 1:4 with nonvegetarians for non-genetic association analyses, revealing significant effects of vegetarianism in 15 of 30 biomarkers. Cholesterol measures plus vitamin D were significantly lower in vegetarians, while triglycerides were higher. A genome-wide association study revealed no genome-wide significant (GWS; 5×10−8) associations with vegetarian behavior. We performed genome-wide gene-vegetarianism interaction analyses for the biomarkers, and detected a GWS interaction impacting calcium at rs72952628 (P = 4.47×10−8). rs72952628 is in MMAA, a B12 metabolic pathway gene; B12 has major deficiency potential in vegetarians. Gene-based interaction tests revealed two significant genes, RNF168 in testosterone (P = 1.45×10−6) and DOCK4 in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (P = 6.76×10−7), which have previously been associated with testicular and renal traits, respectively. These nutrigenetic findings indicate genotype can modify the associations between vegetarianism and health outcomes.
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Menzies, Kenneth, and Judy Sheeshka. "The Process of Exiting Vegetarianism: An Exploratory Study." Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research 73, no. 4 (December 2012): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3148/73.4.2012.163.
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Purpose: The experience, reasons, and contexts associated with leaving vegetarianism were explored. Methods: Interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of 19 ex-vegetarians and 15 continuing vegetarians. Results: Exiting vegetarianism is similar to the process of leaving other important individual identities, including exiting diets containing meat. It is a process, not an event, and partially a response to inconvenience, particularly when the person's table companions were not vegetarians. Major life changes and declines in self-perceived health provided occasions to reassess life choices, including the vegetarian commitment. Ex-vegetarians interpreted their vegetarianism as a transition to a new, healthier diet. Including a comparison group of continuing vegetarians revealed that the ex-vegetarians were more likely to have become vegetarians as a result of concern about the well-being of animals and the environment, not animal rights, a value more difficult to compromise. Conclusions: Exiting processes show the five central food values of taste, health, time, cost, and social relationships undermine people's commitment to a diet chosen largely for moral reasons.
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Lea, Emma, and Anthony Worsley. "The cognitive contexts of beliefs about the healthiness of meat." Public Health Nutrition 5, no. 1 (February 2002): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2001240.
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AbstractObjective:The overall aim of this study was to examine a variety of belief and demographic factors that are associated with the perception that meat is intrinsically unhealthy.Design:State-wide survey (written questionnaire) that included questions on meat and nutrition beliefs, perceived barriers and benefits of vegetarian diets, personal values, number of vegetarian friends and family members, and use and trust of health/nutrition/food information sources.Setting:South Australia.Subjects:Six hundred and one randomly selected South Australians and 106 non-randomly selected vegetarians and semi-vegetarians.Results:For all respondents considered as a group, the most important predictors of the belief that meat is intrinsically unhealthy were the perceived benefits of vegetarian diets (all positive predictors). These included: (1) the perceived links between vegetarianism, peace and increased contentment; (2) animal welfare and environmental benefits; and (3) health benefits. There were differences between different dietary groups however. For non-vegetarians, social concerns about vegetarianism (positive) were most important, followed by health and non-health benefits (positive) of vegetarianism. Red meat appreciation was the strongest (positive) predictor for vegetarians, with health benefits of vegetarianism (positive) and education (negative predictor) also important.Conclusions:The implications of the findings for health and other issues are discussed. Judgements about the healthiness of meat are likely to be related to moral and environmental beliefs and, for non-vegetarians, to social concerns about vegetarianism, in addition to health beliefs. These need to be considered if any attempts are made to influence meat consumption.
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Casella, Federico. "Platone e il vegetarianismo nel Timeo." PLATO JOURNAL 21 (January 28, 2021): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2183-4105_21_8.
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L’articolo analizza la descrizione della natura delle piante e la tacita giustificazione del vegetarianismo fornite da Platone nel Timeo. Tale pratica alimentare sembra assumere un’utilità esclusivamente fisiologica: potrebbe darsi che Platone si fosse opposto a quanti professavano il vegetarianismo in qualità di mezzo necessario per purificare l’anima e per raggiungere la felicità, come gli orfici, i pitagorici, Empedocle ma anche il suo discepolo Senocrate. Attraverso il particolare valore attribuito a una dieta vegetariana, Platone priva di validità la pretesa degli altri filosofi: solo lo studio delle idee permette di ottenere la felicità. Abstract. The aim of this paper is to analyse Plato’s description of plants and his tacit justification of vegetarianism in the Timaeus. This practice seems to possess exclusively a physiological relevance: I argue that Plato is opposing the idea of vegetarianism as a superior way to purify one’s soul and achieve happiness, how it was being professed by the Orphics, the Pythagoreans, Empedocles, and even by his disciple Xenocrates. In the Timaeus, with the justification of vegetarianism only for physiological purposes, Plato is discrediting other philosophers’ conception of vegetarianism and perfect life: only the study of the noetic world grants ultimate happiness.
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Estima, Camilla CP, Sonia T. Philippi, Greisse VS Leal, Carolina VMB Pimentel, and Marle S. Alvarenga. "Vegetarianism and Eating Disorder Risk Behavior in Adolescents from São Paulo, Brazil." Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética 16, no. 3 (June 19, 2012): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14306/renhyd.16.3.74.
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Objetivo: Evaluar el riesgo de trastornos alimentarios y conductas no saludables de control del peso entre adolescentes que afirman ser vegetarianos y los que afirman ser omnívoros.Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado en 12 escuelas técnicas de la ciudad de São Paulo, Brasil. La muestra incluyó a 1.167 adolescentes (el 51% mujeres) entre 14 y 19 años de edad (media, 16). Los adolescentes declaraban si eran vegetarianos en aquel momento, por lo que la muestra se dividió en vegetarianos y no vegetarianos. Se compararon los dos grupos en cuanto a peso, trastornos alimentarios, métodos no saludables de control del peso y la percepción de alimentación saludable.Resultados: Cerca del 4% de la muestra declaró ser vegetariana, la mayoría eran mujeres (70,8%) y para las mujeres ser vegetarianas era 2,89 veces más probable que para los varones. No se encontró asociación entre ser vegetariano y los comportamientos no saludables de control del peso. Sin embargo, el grupo de vegetarianos considera que su alimentación es más saludable que la del grupo de no vegetarianos (p = 0,04).Conclusiones: La frecuencia del vegetarianismo y la frecuencia de trastornos alimentarios fueron menores en esta muestra de adolescentes de São Paulo, Brasil.
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Fensom, Georgina K., Karl Smith-Byrne, Colm D. Andrews, Tim J. Key, and Ruth C. Travis. "Genome-wide association study of vegetarianism in UK Biobank identifies association with VRK2." Wellcome Open Research 5 (December 18, 2020): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16396.1.
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Prospective studies have observed differences in risks for several health outcomes when comparing meat-eaters and vegetarians, but the mechanisms underlying these differences remain uncertain. Identifying genetic factors related to vegetarianism may be valuable for assessing causality. We report a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of vegetarianism in 367,198 participants from UK Biobank. We identified one locus, rs10189138, near the vaccinia related kinase 2 (VRK2) gene, significantly associated with vegetarianism (β=0.153, p=3x10-8). The associations between rs10189138 and 40 traits were calculated, and the rs10189138 T allele (MAF=0.12) was found to be significantly associated with greater height, after controlling the false discovery rate (FDR). Correlations between genetically predicted vegetarianism and 855 other genetically predicted traits were also calculated, and vegetarianism had significant positive genetic correlations with fluid intelligence and age at menarche, after controlling the FDR. Future research on an independent sample is needed to see if this GWAS result can be replicated.
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Merriman, Ben. "Gender differences in family and peer reaction to the adoption of a vegetarian diet." Feminism & Psychology 20, no. 3 (August 2010): 420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959353510368283.
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Although ethical vegetarianism has been the subject of considerable theoretical attention and debate among feminists, the subject has received little empirical attention. This research note summarizes an interview study with ethical vegetarians of college age, and describes gendered responses to the adoption of a vegetarian diet. While friends and family were neutral or favourable to men’s vegetarianism, women vegetarians encountered significant hostility from male family members, in particular. The study is by no means conclusive, but the evidence may suggest that this hostility is rooted in a double standard, wherein men are seen as capable of governing their bodies, while women are not. Despite opposition from male intimates, women participating in the study persisted in their diets, suggesting a high degree of moral autonomy. This tension between individual agency and constraining social and economic structure is at the centre of the ongoing feminist debate on vegetarianism, and the findings presented here invite further discussion and more targeted research.
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Saintila, Jacksaint, Yaquelin E. Calizaya-Milla, and David J. Javier-Aliaga. "Knowledge of Vegetarian and Nonvegetarian Peruvian Dietitians about Vegetarianism at Different Stages of Life." Nutrition and Metabolic Insights 14 (January 2021): 117863882199712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178638821997123.
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Background: The vegetarian diet continues to gain recognition and popularity among people; however, few studies have considered the level of knowledge of professional dietitians about this dietary pattern. Objective: This study aimed to compare the level of knowledge of vegetarian and nonvegetarian Peruvian dietitians regarding vegetarianism at different life stages. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out. An online questionnaire based on the recommendations of the current dietary guidelines was administered to more than 400 registered dietitians. Of which, a total of 179 decided to participate in the study: 72 vegetarians and 107 nonvegetarians. The data were analyzed using the chi-square test, considering a significance level of 5%. Results: Women represented the largest proportion of the sample. The participants demonstrated a complete and exhaustive knowledge of the definition of vegetarian diets. Regarding the risks and benefits associated with vegetarianism, the largest proportion of those who got the correct answers were vegetarians. The percentage of correct answers selected for both groups regarding the critical nutrients were less than 50%. Only 17.6% identified the correct answer regarding the risk of eating disorders of vegetarianism. Conclusions: Dietitians did not demonstrate complete and comprehensive knowledge of the critical nutrients of vegetarianism and lack information on the risks of eating disorders from the vegetarian diet.
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Larsson, Christel L., Kristin S. Klock, Anne Nordrehaug Åstrøm, Ola Haugejorden, and Gunnar Johansson. "Food habits of young Swedish and Norwegian vegetarians and omnivores." Public Health Nutrition 4, no. 5 (October 2001): 1005–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2001167.
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AbstractObjective:To determine the prevalence of vegetarianism and compare food habits among vegetarian and omnivorous adolescents in Sweden and Norway.Design:Cross-sectional study by questionnaire in Sweden and Norway to gather information about food habits.Setting:The municipalities of Umeå and Stockholm in Sweden, and Bergen in Norway.Subjects:In total 2041 ninth-grade students (578 from Umeå, 504 from Stockholm and 959 from Bergen), mean age 15.5 years, were included. The response rate was 95% in Umeå, 91% in Stockholm and 83% in Bergen.Results:There was a significantly higher prevalence of vegetarianism in Umeå (15.6%) than in Stockholm (4.8%) and Bergen (3.8%). Vegetarians generally wanted more information about a healthy diet and vegetarian females ate dietary supplements to prevent deficiencies more often than omnivorous females (P < 0.01). The young male vegetarians more or less excluded animal products from their diet without changing their food frequency intake or modifying their dietary habits in other respects, while the young female vegetarians more often consumed vegetables and dietary supplements (P < 0.05). However, there was no difference between the intake of fruits/berries, alcoholic beverages, ice cream, sweets/chocolates and fast foods by vegetarians compared with omnivores.Conclusions:There were three to four times more vegetarians in Umeå than in Stockholm and Bergen. The food habits of the young vegetarians differed from those of omnivorous adolescents and also in some respects from previously published comparative studies of vegetarians' and omnivores' food habits. It is uncertain whether the health benefits shown in previous studies on vegetarianism will be experienced by this young generation of vegetarians.
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Kovacs, Alexandra. "A Historiography of Vegetarianism in Antiquity." Mare Nostrum 10, no. 1 (April 9, 2019): 10–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2177-4218.v10i1p10-30.
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For the last few years, vegetarianism has been a social issue and at the center of ethico-ecological debates. Whereas the term exists since the 19th century, many vegetarians affirm that the practise exists already in Antiquity and use great philosophical figures as examples. It is indeed indisputable that the abstinence from meat existed in Antiquity, however this subject has been little exploited by historians. Considered for a long time as a marginal topic with a more philosophical than historical significance, the ancient vegetarianism aroused only tardily and recently the interest of researchers. This paper proposes to examine the historiography of this topic by showing how research on food, on sacrifice and on animals influenced research on ancient vegetarianism.
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Obersby, Derek, Amalia Tsiami, David Chappell, and Andrew Dunnett. "An investigation into the pragmatic diets of vegetarianism: The results of a pilot study." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 4, no. 3 (December 20, 2016): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.4.3.01.
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Published recommended various classifications of vegetarian diets are widespread across the globe, but few published articles if any report on the types of foods actually consumed by vegetarians in general. The primary objective was to elucidate this aspect of vegetarianism, analysis of food consumption over a fourteen day period, with respect to the various manifestations of vegetarianism, was undertaken in the form of a pilot study to indicate the contents of these diets as compared with recommended daily allowances (RDA) and adequate intake (AI) values. Five lactovegetarians, twenty lactoovovegetarians and fourteen vegans, were recruited. The study included a detailed analysis of the vegetarian participants’ diet, through the compilation of an individual diet diary. Statistical analysis employing Microsoft Excel software was conducted to determine the outcome of the vegetarians’ diets, with each mean nutrient and mean dietary energy value compared against RDA and AI. Analysis of the participants’ diet diaries indicated somewhat unexpectedly a failure to meet the RDA and AI for several important nutrients. Furthermore, the daily metabolizable energy level for all classifications of vegetarians was lower than the recommended AI for daily energy requirements. Whilst it is generally accepted that vegetarianism can lead to a healthy lifestyle, the findings of this research indicate that vegetarianism participants may be at risk of deficiency of certain nutrients that could potentially lead to chronic medical conditions. The statistical findings obtained in the study will allow an accurate sample size to be calculated for each important item for future large definitive studies.
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SILVEIRA, Jonas Augusto Cardoso da, Sabrina Silva MENESES, Patrícia Teles QUINTANA, and Valquíria de Souza SANTOS. "Association between overweight and consumption of ultra-processed food and sugar-sweetened beverages among vegetarians." Revista de Nutrição 30, no. 4 (August 2017): 431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-98652017000400003.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the consumption of ultra-processed food and sugar-sweetened beverages and to identify the association of this consumption with overweight among vegetarians. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a convenience sampling method was conducted. Data were collected using an online questionnaire from 8/24/2015 to 10/8/2015. Subjects were male and female vegetarians aged >16 years. Using a food frequency questionnaire, we assessed the weekly consumption of ultra-processed food and sugar-sweetened beverages and described the frequency of daily consumption overall and according to type of vegetarianism. The association between overweight and excessive daily intake of ultra-processed food was analyzed by multiple logistic regression (OR [95CI%]). Results: Information was retrieved from 503 individuals (29.8±8.5 years old); 83.7% were women. The most frequent types of vegetarianism in our sample were ovo-lacto (45.5%) and vegan (41.7%), and the median time of vegetarianism was 5.3 years. The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (≥2x/day) and ultra-processed food (≥3x/day) was 21.0% and 16.0%, respectively, and regarding the different vegetarianism types, vegans showed the lowest frequency of excessive daily sugar-sweetened beverages and ultra-processed food consumption. In the multivariable analysis, consumption of ultra-processed food ≥3x/day (2.33 [1.36-4.03]), male sex (1.73 [1.01-2.96]), age ≥35 years (2.03 [1.23-3.36]) and not preparing one’s food (1.67 [0.95-2.94]) were independently associated with overweight. Conclusion: Although vegetarianism is frequently associated with a healthier diet and, consequently, prevention of poor health outcomes, this study found that the excessive consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and ultra-processed food was associated with overweight.
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Haghighatdoost, Fahimeh, Nick Bellissimo, Julia O. Totosy de Zepetnek, and Mohammad Hossein Rouhani. "Association of vegetarian diet with inflammatory biomarkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 15 (August 24, 2017): 2713–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017001768.
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AbstractObjectiveVegetarian diets contain various anti-inflammatory components. We aimed to investigate the effects of vegetarianism on inflammatory biomarkers when compared with omnivores.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.SettingLiterature search was conducted in Science Direct, Proquest, MEDLINE and Google Scholar up to June 2016. Summary estimates and corresponding 95 % CI were derived via the DerSimonian and Laird method using random effects, subgroup analyses were run to find the source of heterogeneity and a fixed-effect model examined between-subgroup heterogeneity.SubjectsStudies were included if they evaluated effects of any type of vegetarianism compared with omnivores on circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers. No restriction was made in terms of language or the date of study publications.ResultsEighteen articles were included. Pooled effect size showed no difference in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in vegetarians v. omnivores (Hedges’ g=−0·15; 95 % CI −0·35, 0·05), with high heterogeneity (I2=75·6 %, P<0·01). A subgroup analysis by minimum duration of vegetarianism showed that a minimum duration of 2 years vegetarianism was associated with lower hs-CRP levels v. omnivores (Hedges’ g=−0·29; 95 % CI −0·59, 0·01), with moderate heterogeneity (I2=68·9 %, P<0·01). No significant effect was found in studies using a minimum duration of 6 months of vegetarianism, with low heterogeneity. Vegetarianism was associated with increased IL-6 concentrations (0·21 pg/ml; 95 % CI 0·18, 0·25), with no heterogeneity (I2=0·0 %, P=0·60).ConclusionsThe meta-analysis provides evidence that vegetarianism is associated with lower serum concentrations of hs-CRP when individuals follow a vegetarian diet for at least 2 years. Further research is necessary to draw appropriate conclusions regarding potential associations between vegetarianism and IL-6 levels. A vegetarian diet might be a useful approach to manage inflammaging in the long term.
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Crozier, Sarah R., Keith M. Godfrey, Philip C. Calder, Sian M. Robinson, Hazel M. Inskip, Janis Baird, Catharine R. Gale, et al. "Vegetarian Diet during Pregnancy Is Not Associated with Poorer Cognitive Performance in Children at Age 6–7 Years." Nutrients 11, no. 12 (December 11, 2019): 3029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11123029.
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Compared with omnivorous mothers, vegetarian mothers have lower intakes of some nutrients required for neurological development. However, there is a lack of information about the impact of vegetarianism during pregnancy on subsequent cognitive function in children. The aim of this study was to investigate whether vegetarianism during pregnancy is associated with altered maternal nutritional status and with cognitive function in children at six to seven years of age. Women aged 20–34 years participating in a prospective observational study who provided dietary data and blood samples in early pregnancy (11 weeks; 78 vegetarians and 2144 omnivores) or late pregnancy (34 weeks; 91 vegetarians and 2552 omnivores). Compared with omnivorous women, vegetarian women had lower blood concentrations of arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, and cobalamin in early and late pregnancy. Vegetarianism in pregnancy was linked to higher maternal educational attainment, longer breastfeeding duration, lower incidence of smoking during pregnancy and a tendency towards higher IQ in the mothers. Concentrations of some nutrients required for neurodevelopment were lower in maternal blood during gestation; however, after controlling for confounders consuming a vegetarian diet during pregnancy was not associated with poorer neurocognitive development of the children in this study.
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Yaseen, Nabeel R., Catriona L. K. Barnes, Lingwei Sun, Akiko Takeda, and John P. Rice. "Genetics of vegetarianism: A genome-wide association study." PLOS ONE 18, no. 10 (October 4, 2023): e0291305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291305.
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A substantial body of evidence points to the heritability of dietary preferences. While vegetarianism has been practiced for millennia in various societies, its practitioners remain a small minority of people worldwide, and the role of genetics in choosing a vegetarian diet is not well understood. Dietary choices involve an interplay between the physiologic effects of dietary items, their metabolism, and taste perception, all of which are strongly influenced by genetics. In this study, we used a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify loci associated with strict vegetarianism in UK Biobank participants. Comparing 5,324 strict vegetarians to 329,455 controls, we identified one SNP on chromosome 18 that is associated with vegetarianism at the genome-wide significant level (rs72884519, β = -0.11, P = 4.997 x 10−8), and an additional 201 suggestively significant variants. Four genes are associated with rs72884519: TMEM241, RIOK3, NPC1, and RMC1. Using the Functional Mapping and Annotation (FUMA) platform and the Multi-marker Analysis of GenoMic Annotation (MAGMA) tool, we identified 34 genes with a possible role in vegetarianism, 3 of which are GWAS-significant based on gene-level analysis: RIOK3, RMC1, and NPC1. Several of the genes associated with vegetarianism, including TMEM241, NPC1, and RMC1, have important functions in lipid metabolism and brain function, raising the possibility that differences in lipid metabolism and their effects on the brain may underlie the ability to subsist on a vegetarian diet. These results support a role for genetics in choosing a vegetarian diet and open the door to future studies aimed at further elucidating the physiologic pathways involved in vegetarianism.
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Daugherty, Sharon. "Vegetarianism." Journal of Consumer Health On the Internet 8, no. 4 (December 21, 2004): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j381v08n04_09.
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Buttriss, Judy. "VEGETARIANISM." Nutrition & Food Science 88, no. 1 (January 1988): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb059165.
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Yang, Chenyue. "Rsesearch on Plant-Based Food Market Implications and Opportunities." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 6, no. 1 (April 27, 2023): 398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/6/20220177.
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Believing that PBMA (Plant-Based Meat Alternatives) can bring benefits to both the quality of life and subject well-being, people resort to veganism/ vegetarianism for sociological and economic reasons. The trending of veganism/ vegetarianism brings huge potentials to the US market. Plant-based product market has been increased annually since 2018 and reached $7.4 billions in 2021. Vegetarianism/ veganism takes up a big share of the food market and it has numerous market opportunities since theres a great need for meat alternatives. In this research paper, the market value of PBMA market, market opportunities and competitive marketing strategies will be investigated, and market opportunities and competitive marketing strategies. First, the demographics of vegans and what markets need will be presented and the analysis will focus on both the demographics and psychographics of vegans/vegetarians to further look into their motivations, needs, and values. Furthermore, the articles will look at the effects of veganism and vegetarianism in the US market and how plant-based alternatives have changed the game, allowing companies to deal with the rising trend of veganism and vegetarianism in the US and profit from it. Finally, the fact that PBMA market is lack of diversified and tasty PBMA food will be an alluring reason for entrepreneurs to initiate competitive marketing strategies for food service industries. This research will be useful in understanding the PBMA market and the potential market opportunities it offers.
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Yang, Chenyue. "Rsesearch on Plant-Based Food Market Implications and Opportunities." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 6, no. 1 (April 27, 2023): 398–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/6/2022177.
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Believing that PBMA (Plant-Based Meat Alternatives) can bring benefits to both the quality of life and subject well-being, people resort to veganism/ vegetarianism for sociological and economic reasons. The trending of veganism/ vegetarianism brings huge potentials to the US market. Plant-based product market has been increased annually since 2018 and reached $7.4 billions in 2021. Vegetarianism/ veganism takes up a big share of the food market and it has numerous market opportunities since theres a great need for meat alternatives. In this research paper, the market value of PBMA market, market opportunities and competitive marketing strategies will be investigated, and market opportunities and competitive marketing strategies. First, the demographics of vegans and what markets need will be presented and the analysis will focus on both the demographics and psychographics of vegans/vegetarians to further look into their motivations, needs, and values. Furthermore, the articles will look at the effects of veganism and vegetarianism in the US market and how plant-based alternatives have changed the game, allowing companies to deal with the rising trend of veganism and vegetarianism in the US and profit from it. Finally, the fact that PBMA market is lack of diversified and tasty PBMA food will be an alluring reason for entrepreneurs to initiate competitive marketing strategies for food service industries. This research will be useful in understanding the PBMA market and the potential market opportunities it offers.
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Lusk, Jayson L., and F. Bailey Norwood. "Some Economic Benefits and Costs of Vegetarianism." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 38, no. 2 (October 2009): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500003142.
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It is now fashionable in many circles to advocate vegetarianism, and many activist groups are vocal in their aim to convert the human race to vegetarians. What would be the economic costs and benefits of a shift away from meat consumption? In this article we provide some partial answers to this question. In three separate analyses we show (i) that it is much more costly to produce energy and protein from animal-based sources than from some plant-based sources, (ii) that sizable demand shifts away from meat consumption would result in significantly lower corn prices and production, and (iii) that the average U.S. consumer places a higher value on having meat in his or her diet than having any other food group. This information should help move forward our understanding of the economics of vegetarianism and provide an objective stance from which to evaluate the claims being made by advocates of vegetarianism.
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Benedetto, Loredana, Ilenia Sabato, Carola Costanza, Antonella Gagliano, Eva Germanò, Luigi Vetri, Michele Roccella, Lucia Parisi, Costanza Scaffidi Abbate, and Massimo Ingrassia. "Diet-Related Attitudes, Beliefs, and Well-Being in Adolescents with a Vegetarian Lifestyle." Healthcare 11, no. 21 (November 2, 2023): 2885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11212885.
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Vegetarianism can meet healthy, ethical, or ecological values (such as equality and protection of animals or the environment). At the same time, it can represent a response to the need for self-determination in adolescence. Furthermore, some studies show vegetarians have greater depressive risk and a lower sense of body satisfaction. Considering the spread of non-meat diets in the Western world, researchers have investigated the benefits and risks to physical and psychological health. Despite this, few studies have been conducted on factors influencing adolescent’s vegetarian diet-related attitudes. Through self-administered loosely structured interviews, this research investigated factors potentially associated with vegetarian choices in adolescence. It checked (a) gender differences in vegetarian choices; (b) religious, familial, ethical, or health factors implied in vegetarian choices; and (c) indicators of well-being among young vegetarians. The findings suggest that for our sample, non-vegetarians have lower scores on health-related questions than others, while for vegetarian adolescents, the benefits of vegetarianism mainly depend on their ethical stances, beliefs, and values. Conversely, it is unrelated to factors such as the desire to lose weight, dissatisfaction about one’s body shape, or depressive feelings.
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Weinberger, David. "Philosophical vegetarianism." Food and Foodways 2, no. 1 (April 1987): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07409710.1987.9961905.
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Henning, Brian G. "Moral Vegetarianism." Process Studies 45, no. 2 (2016): 236–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/process201645217.
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Darmalinggam, Darshana, and Maniam Kaliannan. "Economic growth in the Malaysian vegetarian market potential: internalized dimension of motivation." International Journal of Social Economics 47, no. 9 (August 15, 2020): 1181–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-04-2020-0190.
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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the internalized dimension of motivation under the Unified Model of Vegetarian Identity (UMVI) model, namely, personal and prosocial motivators, for vegetarianism that spurs economic growth in the Malaysian vegetarian market potential.Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured online questionnaire was adopted as the primary methodology from which a total of 163 respondents were obtained.FindingsBoth, personal and prosocial motivators do positively relate to the economic growth of the Malaysian vegetarian market potential. However, prosocial motivators has a greater impact with a beta coefficient of 0.374 compared to 0.273 for personal motivators.Research limitations/implicationsProbable inaccurate representation of the entire vegetarian population in Malaysia. Time and resources available.Practical implicationsPractically, the Malaysian vegetarian society and Malaysian government bodies benefit from the study in ensuing promotion of environmental awareness in line with a vegetarian diet.Originality/valueLack of literature resources on vegetarianism in Malaysia led to the study contributing to an expansion of literature on the matter. This pioneer study benchmarks global literatures on motivators of vegetarianism and their impact on economy against the scarce literatures available in the Malaysian context. It contributes to the Malaysian economy and potential vegetarian restaurant start-ups wishing to enter the Malaysian vegetarian market. Theoretically, the theory of planned behaviour, utilitarian function and the UMVI were jointly utilised in explaining the motivators capturing Malaysian vegetarians' intention towards demand for vegetarian food.
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Bailey, Cathryn. "We Are What We Eat: Feminist Vegetarianism and the Reproduction of Racial Identity." Hypatia 22, no. 2 (2007): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2007.tb00981.x.
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In this article, Bailey analyzes the relationship between ethical vegetarianism (or the claim that ethical vegetarianism is morally right for all people) and white racism (the claim that white solipsistic and possibly white privileged ethical claims are imperialistically or insensitively universalized over less privileged human lives). This plays out in the dreaded comparison of animals with people of color and Jews as exemplified in the PETA campaign and the need for human identification (or solidarity) with animals in ethical vegetarianism. To support the viability of ethical vegetarianism, Bailey resolves the dread of this comparison by locating ethical vegetarianism as a strategy of resistance to classist, racist, heterosexist, and colonialist systems of power that often rely on the assumptions of speciesism to ground these axes of oppression. The author carries out this argument to contextualize African American responses to animal welfarism and ethical vegetarianism.
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Watt, Kenneth K. O., Andrew P. Garnham, and Rodney J. Snow. "Skeletal Muscle Total Creatine Content and Creatine Transporter Gene Expression in Vegetarians Prior to and Following Creatine Supplementation." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 14, no. 5 (October 2004): 517–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.14.5.517.
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This study examined the effect of vegetarianism on skeletal muscle total creatine (TCr) content and creatine transporter (CreaT) gene expression, prior to and during 5 d of Cr supplementation (CrS). In a double-blind, crossover design, 7 vegetarians (VEG) and nonvegetarians (NVEG) were assigned Cr or placebo supplements for 5 d and after 5 wk, received the alternative treatment. Muscle sampling occurred before, and after 1 and 5 d of treatment ingestion. Basal muscle TCr content was lower (P < 0.05) in VEG compared with NVEG. Muscle TCr increased (P < 0.05) throughout the Cr trial in both groups but was greater (P < 0.05) in VEG compared with NVEG, at days 1 and 5. CreaT gene expression was not different between VEG and NVEG. The results indicate that VEG have a lower muscle TCr content and an increased capacity to load Cr into muscle following CrS. Muscle CreaT gene expression does not appear to be affected by vegetarianism.
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MacInnis, Cara C., and Gordon Hodson. "It ain’t easy eating greens: Evidence of bias toward vegetarians and vegans from both source and target." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 20, no. 6 (December 6, 2015): 721–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430215618253.
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Vegetarianism and veganism are increasingly prevalent in Western countries, yet anecdotal expressions of negativity toward vegetarians and vegans are common. We empirically tested whether bias exists toward vegetarians and vegans. In Study 1 omnivores evaluated vegetarians and vegans equivalently or more negatively than several common prejudice target groups (e.g., Blacks). Bias was heightened among those higher in right-wing ideologies, explained by heightened perceptions of vegetarian/vegan threat. Vegans (vs. vegetarians) and male (vs. female) vegetarians/vegans were evaluated more negatively overall. In Study 2 omnivores evaluated vegetarians and vegans more negatively than several nutritional outgroups (e.g., gluten intolerants) and evaluated vegan/vegetarians motivated by animal rights or environmental concerns (vs. health) especially negatively. In Study 3, vegetarians and especially vegans reported experiencing negativity stemming from their diets. Empirically documenting antivegetarian/vegan bias adds to a growing literature finding bias toward benign yet social norm-challenging others.
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Zubkov, Sergei Aleksandrovich. "The ecophilic principle of vegetarianism." Философия и культура, no. 8 (August 2021): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0757.2021.8.30469.
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The object of this research is the ecophilic and ecophobic trends in collective consciousness. The subject of this research is vegetarianism as an ecophilic and eco-theological concept. The relevance of this article lies in the fact that vegetarianism as a theoretical-practical approach towards life sustenance allows assessing and outlining the solutions to the environmental problems. Vegetarian food correlates with the ethical position, systemogenetics of law and morality, and religious attitudes. The interrelation between vegetarianism and ecology is reflected in ecophilic approach towards environment. The author leans on the general scientific theoretical methods, such as genetic, comparative, systemic, and factor analysis; and provides an overview of the thematic literature. The conclusion is made that vegetarianism can be considered an indicator of ecophilia-oriented collective consciousness. The philosophical conceptualization of the problem of vegetarianism is the problem of bioethics and environmental ethics, as well as eco-theology. The ethical outlook upon vegetarianism consists in comprehension of the value of life of the whole creation and biocentric regard to all animal organisms. The eco-theological approach is demonstrated on the example of the theory and practice of vegetarianism in Vedic culture.
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Choi Hoon. "Feminism and Vegetarianism." Korean Feminist Philosophy 15, no. ll (June 2011): 205–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17316/kfp.15..201106.205.
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Mendeloff, Albert I. "Transition to Vegetarianism." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 48, no. 2 (August 1, 1988): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/48.2.382.
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Crisp, Roger. "Utilitarianism And Vegetarianism." International Journal of Applied Philosophy 4, no. 1 (1988): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ijap19884118.
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Morris, M. "Retreat from vegetarianism." BMJ 310, no. 6983 (April 1, 1995): 880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.310.6983.880.
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Nobis, Nathan. "Vegetarianism and Virtue." Social Theory and Practice 28, no. 1 (2002): 135–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/soctheorpract20022816.
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Li, Duo. "Chemistry behind Vegetarianism." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 59, no. 3 (February 9, 2011): 777–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf103846u.
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McKenna, Erin. "Feminism and Vegetarianism." Philosophy in the Contemporary World 1, no. 3 (1994): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/pcw19941318.
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Singer, Peter. "Feminism and Vegetarianism." Philosophy in the Contemporary World 1, no. 3 (1994): 36–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/pcw19941319.
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Jayanthi, V. "Vegetarianism in India." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 21, no. 3_suppl (December 2001): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089686080102103s57.
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rapport, jeremy. "Eating for Unity: Vegetarianism in the Early Unity School of Christianity." Gastronomica 9, no. 2 (2009): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2009.9.2.35.
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This essay examines the role of vegetarianism during the formative period of the Unity School of Christianity (1895-1938). Unity, based in the Kansas City area, taught that vegetarianism was an integral component of regenerating the body. Scholars studying the New Thought movement have only recently begun to recognize the body's role in salvation in these religious movements. By examining the interaction between the practice of vegetarianism and Unity's belief that the body must be regenerated, I show both how vegetarianism was integral to defining and putting into practice Unity's religious beliefs and how it helped to develop religious identity by marking the behavioral boundaries of a Unity member.
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Baek, Jong-Ryun. "Derrida’s Critique of Vegetarianism and the Ethics of Ecofeminist Contextual Vegetarianism." Criticism and Theory Society of Korea 29, no. 2 (June 30, 2024): 53–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.19116/theory.2024.29.2.53.
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This article aims to interpret the implications of the critique of vegetarianism in Derrida’s animal philosophy and to consider it alongside the contextual vegetarian/vegan ethics of ecofeminism in order to propose a new vegetarian ethics that is constantly renewed through critical dialogues. In the current trend of the posthuman or animal turn in the humanities and social sciences at home and abroad, Derrida’s late philosophy of the animal has attracted attention in that it strongly criticizes the anthropocentrism of existing Western philosophy and sharply problematizes the limit and relations between the human and the animal. However, Derrida’s “ambiguous” stance on vegetarianism, a practice that resists meat eating as the most common form of human-animal relationship in modern urban society, is little known in Korea. By introducing Derrida’s position on vegetarianism and the critical dialogues surrounding it, this article argues for a move away from the rule-based and universalist ethics that dominate academic discussions on the topic in Korea. It also seeks to provide a richer theoretical foundation for vegetarianism as a practice that puts the brakes on the global capitalist system that exhausts the lives of humans and nonhuman animals alike, through a connection to ecofeminist ethics that emphasizes the importance of context. In doing so, this study would go a step further than repeating the familiar and valid argument that vegetarianism is not an obligation, and argue that, at least in the specific context of the here and now, practicing vegetarianism as much as possible is “eating well.”
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Kim, Gahyun, Jieun Oh, and Misook Cho. "Differences between Vegetarians and Omnivores in Food Choice Motivation and Dietarian Identity." Foods 11, no. 4 (February 14, 2022): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11040539.
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Vegetarianism is on the rise worldwide and its importance is being emphasized in various ways, such as in its sustainability, environmental, food system, and ethical aspects. The purpose of the study is to identify motivations behind food choices and dietarian identity, to investigate the perceptions about plant-based foods, and to identify differences between vegetarians and omnivores. We conducted an online survey of 245 vegetarians and 246 omnivores. There was a significant difference between vegetarians and omnivores. In food choice motivations, vegetarians scored higher in the factors of ‘ethical concern’, ‘health’, and ‘convenience and price’, while omnivores responded higher in ‘sensory appeal’ and ‘weight control’ factors. In the dietarian identity, vegetarians scored higher in the ‘complex motivation’ and ‘strictness’ factors, while on the other hand omnivores scored higher in ‘out-group regard’ and ‘public regard’ factors. Although the reasons can be different, we confirmed that both vegetarians and omnivores are positive toward plant-based foods. Our results suggest that different strategies will be needed to promote plant-based food consumption to vegetarians and to omnivores.
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Mandelli, Michael, and Louyse Sulzbach Damázio. "Relação entre Vegetarianismo e Transtornos Alimentares: uma revisão integrativa da literatura." Revista Científica Universitas 10, no. 2 (2023): 12–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/2276101.10.2-2.
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O presente artigo tem por objetivo evidenciar através de uma revisão integrativa os resultados clínicos atuais da relação do vegetarianismo e transtornos alimentares. Para tanto foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada no período de agosto a setembro de 2023 nas bases de dados Pubmed, LILACS e Medline. Foram aceitos trabalhos que avaliavam qualquer tipo de público (crianças, adolescentes, homens e mulheres), em qualquer região do planeta, nos últimos dez anos. Os descritores utilizados para esta pesquisa foram: vegetarian diet OR vegetarianism AND eating disorders. Os artigos deveriam ser em inglês, espanhol e português, e publicados entre 2013-2023. As bases de dados pesquisadas foram: Pubmed, LILACS e Medline. A primeira busca de artigos resultou em 204 trabalhos. Após a triagem por ano, resultaram 112 artigos. A seleção final, por pares, ocorreu com a leitura dos títulos e resumos dos trabalhos, e foram elegíveis para o estudo, de acordo com os objetivos do estudo, 10 trabalhos para a leitura na íntegra. Foi realizada uma busca pelos descritores em saúde determinados e foram selecionadas 09 produções científicas que atenderam os critérios de inclusão. Os achados demonstraram uma heterogeneidade nos públicos-alvo analisados, e também diferentes resultados. Muitos estudos analisaram diferentes dietas simultaneamente, não baseando-se unicamente em dietas vegetarianas, o que dificultou a análise de maneira isolada do tema abordado nesta revisão. Apesar disso, com base nos resultados apresentados pelos achados, pôde-se perceber que apenas dois (22%) dos resultados apresentaram que as dietas vegetarianas e veganas foram associadas a taxas mais altas de transtornos alimentares, enquanto sete (88%) não encontraram associação.
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LeBlanc, Ronald D. "Vegetarianism in Russia: The Tolstoy(an) Legacy." Carl Beck Papers in Russian and East European Studies, no. 1507 (January 1, 2001): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/cbp.2001.117.
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The collapse of communist rule in Russia at the beginning of the 1990s revived a whole series of social, cultural, and ideological phenomena that had either laindormant or been almost entirely absent during the Soviet period, phenomena ranging from pornography and prostitution to religion and real estate. Vegetarianism, which had been demonized under Stalin as a pernicious and insidiously "antiscientific" doctrine promulgated by the ideologues of the exploitative classes in the capitalist West, experienced a revival that began during the glasnost' years; it has continued to remain popularin postcommunistRussia as well. The Vegetarian Society of the USSR, which was created in the late 1980s under Gorbachev, helped to bring together-and, more importantly, to bring out of the proverbial closet-Russian vegetarians of various hues, organizing health groups in different cities across the former Soviet Union.
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Klocke, Brian, and Donna Maurer. "Vegetarianism: Movement or Moment?" Contemporary Sociology 32, no. 3 (May 2003): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3089185.
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Jost, Lawrence J. "The Philosophy of Vegetarianism." Environmental Ethics 9, no. 3 (1987): 273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics19879311.
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Yasakov, D. S., S. G. Makarova, A. P. Fisenko, M. G. Vershinina, V. M. Kodentsova, S. B. Lazurenko, E. L. Semikina, T. V. Kazyukova, and T. V. Sviridova. "VEGETARIANISM AND CHILDREN’S HEALTH." Pediatria. Journal named after G.N. Speransky 101, no. 1 (February 18, 2022): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24110/0031-403x-2022-101-1-161-170.
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The presented review of scientific findings is devoted to various aspects of influence of vegetarian diets on a growing organism. Following a vegetarian diet means excluding animal products from the diet. Experts are particularly concerned about the use of vegetarian diets in children due to nutritional deficiencies in children can lead to various pathological abnormalities with long-term consequences. The results of numerous studies performed both in our country and abroad have shown that the use of vegetarian diets in children is associated with high nutritional risks. In this regard, the observance of vegetarian types of nutrition by children should be accompanied by high awareness of parents on diet planning, as well as regular monitoring of health status of such children by pediatricians, nutritionists, and general practitioners.
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Weinberger, David, and Daniel A. Dombrowski. "The Philosophy of Vegetarianism." Classical World 79, no. 3 (1986): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4349858.
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Murphy, Patricia. "The Philosophy of Vegetarianism." Social Philosophy Today 6 (1991): 308–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/socphiltoday1991612.
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Palaniswamy, Usha R. "Vegetarianism and Human Health." HortTechnology 13, no. 2 (January 2003): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.13.2.0243.
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Vegetarianism dates back to a time before recorded history and, as many anthropologists believe, most early humans ate primarily plant foods, being more gatherers than hunters. Human diets may be adopted for a variety of reasons, including political, esthetic, moral, environmental and economic concerns, religious beliefs, and a desire to consume a more healthy diet. A major factor influencing the vegetarianism movement in the present time is primarily associated with better health. Epidemiologic data support the association between high intake of vegetables and fruit and low risk of chronic diseases and provide evidence to the profound and long-term health benefits of a primarily vegetarian diet. Vegetables and fruit are rich sources of nutrients, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber as well as biologically active nonnutrient compounds that have a complementary and often multiple mechanisms of actions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic, and hypolipidemic properties, and mechanisms that stimulate the human immune system. Because of the critical link established between diet and health, consumers have begun to view food as a means of self-care for health promotion and disease prevention. Functional foods are targeted to address specific health concerns, such as high cholesterol or high blood sugar levels, to obtain a desired health benefit. Functional properties identified in a number of plant species have led to a modern day renaissance for the vegetarian movement.