Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Végétation – Dynamique'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Végétation – Dynamique.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Pellissier, Vincent. "Conséquences de l'urbanisation sur la dynamique de la végétation." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S101.
Full textBrufau, Hélène. "Analyse et modélisation de dynamiques de végétation." Perpignan, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PERP0191.
Full textBendali, Frédéric. "Dynamique de la végétation et mobilité du sable en Jeffara tunisienne." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20255.
Full textDubois-Laurent, Jeanne-Marine. "Dynamique spatiale et temporelle de la végétation en France de 21000 cal BP à 2100." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20053.
Full textRasolofoharinoro. "Analyse et dynamique de la végétation dans la région d'Andasibe-Périnet (Madagascar)." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30247.
Full textRodrigues, Stéphane. "Dynamique sédimentaire et végétation : évolution de chenaux fluviatiles en Loire moyenne (France)." Tours, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUR4016.
Full textHydrological and sedimentological investigations were carried out on a vegetated secondary channel of the Loire River (Bréhémont, France). Sediment dynamics is important in the upstream part of the channel while an asymmetrical behaviour is noted in the downstream part : sediment by-passing in the bare areas contrasts with particle retention in the vegetated parts. Locally, flow velocities, directions and sediment deposition are influenced by vegetation. Models of evolution are discussed. During moderate floods, reduced redistributions indicate poor sedimentary supply from the mean channel. During intense floods (1) high quantities of sediments delivered by the mean channel allows the feeding of riffles and bars, (2) vegetation bands influence flow velocities and directions. Deposition and retention of sediment are induced by these bands while erosion is important in their periphery. Accretion in the vegetated areas exerts a feedback control on flow and sediment transport
Savard, Joannie. "Dynamique de la végétation des sommets alpins de la forêt boréale, Québec (Canada)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26680/26680.pdf.
Full textLanglade, Laurent-Roland. "Dynamique de colonisation de la végétation pionnière des bancs de galets en rivière." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30271.
Full textN'Dri, Aya Brigitte. "Interaction termite-feu et dynamique de la végétation en savane (Lamto, Côte d'Ivoire)." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066368.
Full textDietz, Lucie. "Dynamique spontanée post-tempête de la végétation forestière en contexte de changement climatique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AGPT0004.
Full textIn a context where the disturbances could be more severe and/or more frequent, the choice of silvicultural management to be implemented following disturbances comes up against the lack of knowledge of the spontaneous dynamics of regeneration obtained in the context of climate change. From permanent plots installed in France following the storms of 1999, the objective of this study is to analyse the medium-term vegetation dynamics observed within forest gaps, to identify its main determinants and assess the interaction between disturbances and adaptation of plant communities to climate change. The natural tree regeneration, obtained in the post-storm gaps, seems to be sufficient in terms of density and species diversity. Most sites have in average more than 2000 stems/ha and 4.4 species present in the stratum greater than 2 m. The few concerning situations have been identified from the young stages of regeneration and have common characteristics: they are old coniferous stands on acidic soil where competing vegetation has been able to develop, inducing regeneration blocking. In these contexts, a silvicultural intervention would have been desirable to promote regeneration. A specific study of the natural regeneration of three major European hardwood species was carried out: oak, hornbeam and beech. We have highlighted a decline in the abundance of oak over time, in favour of the two most competitive species of beech and hornbeam. Oak is still present on 22% of the sites 19 years after the canopy was opened despite its low density. It also shows growth equivalent or even superior to that of hornbeam and beech, suggesting different development strategies between the three species. Nevertheless, in view of the observed dynamics of the oak, without intervention to promote its regeneration, its future seems uncertain in the coming decades. Finally, our study revealed a greater thermophilisation of the plant communities present in forests that have had an open canopy compared to those in undisturbed forests. By stimulating thermophilization, disturbance thus plays a major ecological role in the adaptation of plant communities to climate change. The importance of large-scale disturbances should therefore not be underestimated, especially in a future climate context where they are likely to intensify
Brugiapaglia, Elisabetta. "Dynamique de la végétation tardiglaciaire et holocène dans les Alpes italiennes nord-occidentales." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30048.
Full textChabbi, Abad. "Conditions écologiques et dynamique de la végétation : basses montagnes du Rif occidental au Maroc." Bordeaux 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR30035.
Full textThe subject of this study ecological conditions of the growing stock in the low mountains of the occidental rif in morocco. Cork oak (quercus suber) is the species of these woodlands. The regressive dynamics of the vegetation was of major interest. In the past, these cork oak were subject to a management project, which was never finished for reasons of accessibility and finance. Today the degradation of the rif area is a big ecological problem. During 4 years of investigation we dealt with the role of climatic and pedological conditions and particularly with the relation between plant species and ecological variables, using of "factor analyses of correspondances" (f. A. C. ). Further anthropological and sociopolitical factors were taken into account. Important remarks have been made concerning the impact of fire not only on group dynamics but also on mortality and burning losses. The speed of stand types regression was measured by examination of two aireal photographs, which were taken within a scope of 20 years. Finally the development of an original synthesis of photographic materiel out of superposition of cartographic material became possible. It shows the regressive dynamics of the three growing stocks of ahl serif, beni issef and soumata. During this study it became apparent that there is not equilibrium between the vegetation and its environmental factors. The vegetation is not at its climax. In fact, the low mountains of the occidental rif have suffered since many ages from degradation as a result of cutting and burning due to cultivation and pasture. We note that the witnesses of the ancient landscape have been registered by the soil profiles and underlined by the presence of characteristic species. By this study we want to attract the attention of the. .
Peñalba, Garmendia M. Cristina. "Dynamique de végétation tardiglaciaire et holocène du Centre-Nord de l'Espagne d'après l'analyse pollinique." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30033.
Full textChang, Jinfeng. "Amélioration de la représentation des systèmes prairiaux dans un modèle de dynamique de végétation global." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0010.
Full textThere is an urgent need to improve our knowledge on large scale understanding of the role of grassland in global greenhouse gas (GHG) budget, and of how grassland ecosystem will respond to future global change. This thesis aims at improving the representation of grassland system in the model ORCHIDEE DGVM, and further using the new model to assess carbon (C) and GHG budgets of grassland ecosystem and their responses to climate change and anthropogenic managements. ORCHIDEE-GM (grassland management) was developed through integrating into ORCHIDEE the parameters and functions related to grassland management originated from a managed grassland ecosystem model PaSim. ORCHIDEE-GM was validated at both site-level and continental-level (Europe) through comparing its results to various data from statistics, remote sensing products, and site observations. The new model simulated a significant C and GHG sink of European grassland ecosystem in the recent five decades, and a positive trend of grassland net biome productivity (NBP) during the last two decades. Nearly half (48%) of the positive trend can be attributed to changes in grassland management intensity, namely to the reduction of livestock numbers across the European Union (EU). Moreover, an increase in grassland potential productivity was simulated over Europe in response to future global change. The increase can be attributed to the rising CO2, and importantly, to the phenological shifts caused by warming, which have a series of implications on grassland management, feed security (or vulnerability) and CO2 and water fluxes
Dausse, Armel. "Dynamique de la végétation et des flux inter-systèmes d'un polder reconnecté à la mer." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S140.
Full textThis study aims to determine if it is possible to restore a salt marsh and its ecological functions in a polder after partial tidal restoration. It focuses on the structure of the vegetation and inter-system exchanges, as indicators of the success of the restoration. Limited flooding only allows the development of halophytic vegetation on a small part of the polder. Its production is comparable to that of a poorly productive salt marsh. The fluxes of matter between the polder and the bay are comparable in nature to those of young salt marshes. The small inlet, however, limits the exchanges of water and thus doesn't allow exchanges of the same range as those observed in salt marshes. Different management options are considered in order to fulfil the restoration goals in the study site
Larochelle, Émilie. "Histoire postglaciaire de la végétation et dynamique du bouleau jaune (Betula alleghaniensis) en Haute-Mauricie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25927.
Full textWoillez, Marie-Noëlle. "Modélisation des variations rapides du système atmosphère océan végétation cryopshère en climats glaciaires." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS0039.
Full textWe have investigated issues related to the millenial-scale climatic variability of the last glacial period with the climate model IPSL and the dynamic vegetation model ORCHIDEE. We have first studied the respective impacts of climate and CO2 on the glacial vegetation, and shown the major role of the low CO2 levels. We have then analysed the sensitivity of glacial vegetation to abrupt changes in the Atlantic Meridional Oceanic Circulation (AMOC). The vegetation evolution is in qualitative agreement with pollen data but lags oceanic changes by up to 200 years. At global scale, AMOC changes lead to changes in the global terrestrial carbon stocks of a few dozens of Gt. We have also investigated the issue of the origin of abrupt events and tested the hypothesis of a solar influence on the ice ablation rate of the ice sheets and hence on the freshwater flux in the North Atlantic, which could trigger abrupt circulation changes
Achard, Frédéric. "Etude des rythmes saisonniers de la végétation en Afrique de l'Ouest par télédétection spatiale." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30178.
Full textCorenblit, Dov. "Structure et dynamique du paysage fluvial : études des rétroactions entre processus hydro-géomorphologiques et dynamique de la végétation du Tech (Pyrénées orientales)." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30197.
Full textDruel, Arsène. "Modélisation de la végétation boréale et de sa dynamique dans le modèle de surface continentale ORCHIDEE." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAU014/document.
Full textClimate evolution over the next ten to hundred years involves many questions, linked to the impact of man. Indeed, greenhouse gases emissions since the beginning of the industrial era lead to an increase in temperature. The latter can affect terrestrial ecosystems, particularly in boreal regions where observed and projected temperature increase is larger than in mid-latitudes. Evolution of these ecosystems can trigger climate feedbacks. For example, the currently observed « Arctic greening » phenomenon could enhance the warming via a decrease in albedo due to the increase in vegetation cover. In order to address these questions, climate models were developped, including continental surface models taking into account the fluxes of mass and energy. In this thesis, such a model was used, the continental surface scheme ORCHIDEE, which includes a succinct description of boreal vegetation. The aim of this work was thus the implementation and the modeling of boreal vegetation.In order to describe high-latitude vegetation, i.e. toundras and steppes, new plant functional types (PFTs) were integrated into the model based on existing PFTs. First, non-vascular plants (NVPs) were integrated to represent lichens and bryophytes found in desert toundras and peatlands, then shrubs to represent an intermediate stratum between trees and grasses in toundras, and finally boreal C3 grasses to distinguish vegetation found in boreal steppes and temperate grasslands. The description of this boreal vegetation was accompanied by the integration of new charachteristic processes, from the implementation of new interactions such as the protection of shrubs by snow in winter, to the simple choice of new PFT parameters such as the lower photosynthetic capacity of boreal C3 grasses compared to temperate C3 grasses, through the modification of existing processes such as the stomatal conductance of NVPs. Other processes linked to vegetation were also updated or corrected. Finally, to model the dynamics of boreal vegetation, new PFTs were integrated into the initial description in the model.Those changes enabled the modeling of boreal vegetation and its impact on other variables (mass or energy fluxes), either using a prescribed vegetation (simulations on the recent period), or using a dynamical vegetation (recent and future simulations using RCPs 4.5 and 8.5). Simulations using the prescribed vegetation indicated that vegetation behaviour is better represented with the new PFTs. With original PFTs, productivity and biomass were overestimated in boreal regions, and lead to an underestimation of albedo and an overestimation of transpiration. Simulations using a dynamical vegetation demonstrated the ability of the model, using the new boreal vegetation, to represent current-day biomes as well as « Arctic greening ». However, the shrubification observed in several studies was not reproduced. Similarly, the impact of new PFTs on other model outputs is important, with for example a decrease in productivity or albedo in winter compared to the original vegetation. Thus, the introduction of boreal PFTs generally resulted in a better description of Arctic ecosystems and of the exchanges of energy and mass with the atmosphere. On the other hand, the protection of permafrost by NVPs was not as substantial as expected and was compensated by an increase in soil humidity (due to shrubs and boreal grasses).The introduction of the new boreal vegetation in the ORCHIDEE model thus seems relevant, and highlights the importance of representing these ecosystems. This work opens up new perspectives to improve future and past climate simulations. The next step consists in modeling vegetation since the Holocene into the future in order to simulate the current amounts of carbone in the permafrost, and to project the outcome of these stocks in the context of climate change and permafrost melt
Barhoumi, Chéïma. "Histoire des feux, dynamique de la végétation et variabilité climatique de l’Holocène en République de Komi." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG055.
Full textOngoing climate change is causing and will continue to cause significant changes in the structure and biodiversity of forest ecosystems. Boreal forests, which are among the world's largest forest biomes (32% of the world's forest cover), are particularly affected by such changes. Fires are major perturbators and contribute to the dynamics of these forests. The recent increase in fire activity in these ecosystems raises ecological and socio-economic issues. The consequences of global warming are already being observed in these regions, particularly in Canada and Russia, where warmer winters and springs (2 to 3°C increase) have been recorded since the 1960s. In addition, ongoing climate change is reversing the net carbon storage of boreal forests, which now appears to be shifting from their carbon sink state to a carbon source state. In order to better understand the mechanisms underlying the functioning of this type of forest, and to anticipate future changes, the study of its past dynamics allows us to provide some answers. The aim of this phD is to study and understand the interactions between the dynamics of Holocene fire, vegetation and climate (last 11700 years) in the Republic of Komi, a region of Russia, where these questions have been very poorly documented. Vegetation dynamics during the Holocene were reconstructed from pollen grain analysis and the REVALS model. An open light forest (a particular type of boreal forest) developed in the early Holocene, from 10,000 to 6,000 cal. yr BP. Then, from 10000 to 3500 cal. yr BP, a dark taiga settled. Then from 3500 cal. yr BP, we observe the gradual return of the light taiga. Paleoclimatic reconstructions based on a dual approach, pollen and molecular biomarkers (brGDGts), have shown a climatic optimum between 7000 and 4000 cal. yr BP. The relationship between these results led us to conclude that for the first half of the Holocene, climate had a major influence on vegetation. Then from 3500 cal. yr BP, the change in fire frequency below a threshold value (FRI, Fire Return Interval < 200 years) had a greater impact on vegetation than the climate. Over the past 600 years, the intensification of human activities led to overexploitation of the forest and an increase in its fire activity. Another aspect of the phD was to study the fire dynamics of two other regions, in Karelia and in the southern region of Lake Baikal. Fire dynamics were more complex than in the Republic of Komi, as they did not follow the same trend of gradual decline in the FRI
Sardoy, Nicolas. "Transport et combustion de particules générées par un feu de végétation." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00289521.
Full textBerthelot, Marie. "Couplage entre le système climatique et le cycle du carbone terrestre : étude de la réponse biogéochimique et biogéographique de la biosphère au changement climatique futur." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066374.
Full textLaporte, Nadine. "Etude de l'évolution spatio-temporelle de la végétation tropicale : utilisation de données satellitaires NOAA AVHRR sur l'Afrique de l'Ouest." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30178.
Full textPulido, Avila Maria Guadalupe. "Conséquences de l’anthropisation sur la dynamique postglaciaire de la végétation dans le sud du Massif Central, France." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30014.
Full textThe postglacial vegetation history in the south of Massif Central (France) was reconstructed using a multidisciplinary palaecological approach with (pollen and geochemical analyses). The main objectives were to evaluate the impact of past human activities on the long-term vegetation dynamics and to retrace the land uses for two sectors: the Cévennes National Parc and the Regional Parc of Haut Languedoc. The study of several peatlands delivered a vegetation history since the Atlantic period. In the two studied sectors, human activities were identified since the Neolithic period and were mainly attributed to pastoral activities, whereas agriculture was very limited. Then, agro-pastoral activities and deforestation became more important, reaching a peak at the end of the Roman period at the Mont Lozère and at the beginning of the Middle Ages for two sectors. The deforestations during the Iron Age at Mont Lozère have principally affected beech while in the Regional Parc of Haut Languedoc beech seems not to be affected during this period. At Mont Lozère, metallurgical lead activities were attested by several archaeological proofs. Multidisciplinary approach (pollen and geochemical analyses) of the Narses Mortes peatland shows two periods of metallurgical activities: the known Medieval one and a second older period: the Gabales metallurgy (Iron Age), which has not been already identified by archaeology and this is the first evidence for this metallurgy activities. Deforestation linked to metallurgical activities principally affected the beech
Vezza, Alain. "La déprise rurale dans les pays de Ventoux : dynamique de la végétation en relation avec les sols." Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX30061.
Full textSaïd, Sonia. "Modélisation spatio-temporelle de la dynamique de la végétation dans l'aire naturelle du pin laricio en Corse." Corte, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CORT0001.
Full textThe landscapes of the French island of Corsica are the result of the grazing tradition which has always occupied a pivotal position in the island's economy. Furthermore, in the last fifty years, a reduction in the pressure from human activity has lead to changes in plant cover. This article intends to study the evolution of dynamic mechanisms during the secondary successions and the effect of changes in vegetation on plant diversity. Our study was based on a simultaneous study of 375 plots carried out between May and September from 1996 to 1998. We studied the floristic composition of each stage both qualitatively (life form, adaptive strategy and seed disperal mode) and quantitatively (species richness, equitability, Shannon index). The results show a change in species and environmental conditions, with a progressive move from heliophilic grassland and low shrub species with an S or SR strategy, anemochoric and with a high tolerance for soil quality to a final stage of dense forest composed of competitive (C or CS) zoochoric or barochoric phanerophytes. Moreover, the turning point in Corsica in terms of floristic diversity lies between 20 and 55 years after land abandonment. Successions are due to a series of rapid interactions. Thus, when a site is given reserve or protected area status, we need to take into account the fact that it will evolve according to the biological traits of the species. From a research point of view, we need to look at process diversity and the role of each of the species present during the successions
Chaabane, Abdelaziz. "Etude de la végétation du littoral septentrional de Tunisie : typologie, syntaxonomie et éléments d'aménagement." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX30058.
Full textDessay, Nadine. "Dynamique de la végétation et du climat : étude par télédétection de cinq biomes brésiliens, forêt ombrophile dense et ouverte, cerrados, caatinga et campanha gaúcha." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100004.
Full textAny modification of climatic factors may affect the structure and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems and vegetal phenology. The vegetation changes may in return affect climate. The main motivation for this work is to characterize the main biomes in Brazil and their links with climate, using remote sensing data over the 1982-1999 period. A bioclimatology is established, allowing for spatial understanding of extreme values and of time lag between precipitation and vegetation, in order to investigate the role of climate on the vegetation dynamics. An analysis of the phenology at local scale shows the differences of vegetation behaviors for different years. This work also gives some results about the impact of El Nino phenomenon on Brazilian vegetation, and proposes a new methodology to detect changes in vegetation cover
Bremond, Laurent. "Calibration des fonctions de transfert entre assemblages phytolithiques, structure des végétations et variables bioclimatiques actuelles, pour l'intégration de la dynamique des biomes herbacés dans les modèles de végétation." Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008000.
Full textHajar, Lara. "Dynamique passée et future de la végétation au Liban depuis la fin du Pléistocène (c. 15000 cal. BP)." Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20120.
Full textThe vegetation dynamics in Lebanon has been studied in order to : 1) understand the influence of climate change since the end of the Pleistocene on the ecosystems 2) understand the human impact on the vegetation 3) evaluate the influence of futur climate change on Cedrus libani. Results show that the global climate change affected the vegetation similarly in the Eastern Mediterra- nean region. Vegetation dynamics in Lebanon shows similar patterns with forest development during the Bølling/Allerød and the Holocene whereas during the Younger Dryas, Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia steppe expanded. Man had an impact on vegetation through deforestation that is recorded with palynological and archaeological data since the beginning of the Holocene (c. 8000 cal. BP) over Mount Lebanon. Pastoralism began at c. 3200 cal. BP in the Bekaa valley while the beginning of the deforestation of the Anti-Lebanon Mountain occurs during the Roman period (c. 2000 cal. BP). These results are similar to those of the Eastern Mediterranean region where the human impact was recorded earlier in Israel, Lebanon and Syria than in Turkey. Besides, futur climate change is expected to affect even more strongly the ecosystems in Lebanon. In order to understand how these changes will occur, a dynamic vegetation model (CARAIB model) was used to predict futur distribution of Cedrus libani in Lebanon using three differents climate scenarios (A1, A1B and A2). The simulations show that Cedrus libani will regress but its preservation is envisageable. Some current forests could be potentially preserved but the migration of Cedrus libani on more elevated areas will be necessary. Considering the rate of climate change predicted, a reafforestation of Cedrus libani in potential zones for its development is proposed to preserve efficienlty this species
Andrieu, Julien. "Dynamique des paysages dans les régions septentrionales des Rivières-du-Sud." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070062.
Full textNorthern regions of Southern-Rivers are studied on thirty years in order to describe landscape changes. This description aims to discuss about landscape degradation in West-Africa. A method, using different tools and disciplines of geography, has been created on that purpose. Salt marshes and continental spaces are two domains where flora and landscapes are; both different. On continental spaces, climatic gradient create a floristic continuum in which two floristic groups largely cross themselves while rural activities create the landscapes geography. In salt marshes, microtopography creates a common structure for both flora and landscape varying with water salinity and conversion of mangroves to rice paddies. Landscape structure changed a lot these thirty last years with 20% of space that at least lost or recovered wooden cover once. Though, these changes increased geographical structures already existing at the end of the 1970's. Phenological rhythms have known few variations in response to rainfall variations. Flora has probably known very few variations of distribution. Drought and economical changes transformed landscapes and rural uses on five studied villages. Decisions are an important in landscape changes observed in thirty years. Studies shown that main landscape changes aren't made of degradations as new landscapes structures offer in 4 situations on five, equal or better ecological services
Di, Tullo Pamela. "Dynamique du cycle biogéochimique du sélénium en écosystèmes terrestres : rétention et réactivité dans le sol, rôle de la végétation." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3013/document.
Full textThis work was performed in the frame of the safety assessment program prior to the possible construction of an underground repository for nuclear waste (HAVL). To consolidate risk assessment models associated to a potential 79Se biosphere contamination, biogeochemistry of stable selenium was investigated, aiming firstly to highlight the dynamics of Se cycling in a forest ecosystem, in terms of inventories and annual fluxes. Consequently to these first results, which suggest a clay role of soil and its organic pool in the global Se cycle, two studies based on the use of isotopically enriched tracers were further carried out in order to clarify the processes involved in (i) Se retention and reactivity in soils and (ii) incorporation of inorganic Se within organic pool of vegetal biomass
Ortu, Elena. "Reconstruction sur la base pollinique de la dynamique de la végétation tardiglaciaire et holocène dans les Alpes maritimes italiennes." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX30041.
Full textThis work include a present vegetation study and a palynological study on Italian Maritime Alps. The vegetation study is based on 43 physociological releves on peat bogs and grassland at a high altitude;present vegetation study allows to estimate present human impact and to compare it to past. Pollen analysis on mosses growing on the peat bogs have been compared to vegetation and to fossil spectra, as a basis for the interpretation of pollen diagrams. The study of vegetation history is based on 6 cores pollen analysis (3 among these reaching Late-Glacial) from 6 bogs and lakes in the area between St. Anna di Vinadio and the Ellero Valley. This study allow to formulate hypothesis on vegetation dynamic since the Late-Glacial, on glacial refugia localization, on trees'migrations and on human action on vegetal dynamic and on the timberline
Alard, Didier. "La Végétation pastorale de Normandie centrale. Phyto-écologie, agronomie et dynamique; conséquences pour la gestion d'un espace agricole en mutation." Rouen, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ROUES019.
Full textSoussou, Tatongueba. "Dynamique forestière dans la plaine du Litimé sous pression anthropique au Togo." Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX30049.
Full textThe present study falls under the general dynamics of the tropical forests. It integrates the results of the space, phytoecological and socio-economic analyses of the forest regression of the plain of Litime. The space study based on the acquisition of the satellite images Spot made it possible to establish a diachronic cartography of the vegetation of the zone of study in order to appreciate the evolution of the changes of occupation of the ground which have occurred between 1986 and 2001 in this zone. In this study, "urbanized" spaces just as those assigned to the cultures move with the detriment of the covered surfaces. The analysis of the biological and phytogeographical spectra on the whole of Litime highlighted not only the Guinean character of the vegetation, but also showed the progression of the savannas taxa in particular in the mediums open under the human action. Lastly, the socio-economic study based on the ethnobotanic investigations highlighted the importance of the forest for the local populations through the socio-economic, cultural and ecological uses that it gets for these populations
Grouzis, Michel. "Structure, productivité et dynamique des systèmes écologiques sahéliens (Mare d'Oursi, Burkina Faso)." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112339.
Full textThis work mainly deals with the spin crossover phenomenon in cobalt (II} molecular chemistry. The synthesis of a series of five and six coordinated complexes, with Schiff bases as equatorial ligands and various apical ones, are reported. The temperature dependances of magnetic susceptibilities and EPR spectra are used to study the influence of the environment on the metal ion spin state. The behaviours observed are interpreted on the basie of simple models. Evidence is provided for thermally induced s = 1/2 - s -= 3/2 spin crossavers. In other respects, a correlation can be established between the geometry and spin state of these complexes and their ability to activate molecular oxygen. In order to specify the spin-crossover mechanism, structural and thermodynamic techniques are used: the ingle-crystal X-ray structure of one of the compounds is reported; the mean variation of metal-ligand diatances upon transition is evaluated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy; enthalpy and heat capacity changes, measured by t ose, are compared with the values calculated on the basis of a phenomenological model. A new means of detecting the crossover, by using its effect r. N he EPR spectrum of a Cu (II)doping ion, is described in the case of an iron(II)complex
Strada, Susanna. "Modélisation multi-échelle des impacts des feux de végétation sur la dynamique et la chimie de l'atmosphère en région Méditerranéenne." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694356.
Full textLorente, Miren. "Dynamique spatiale et temporelle des propriétés du sol et de la végétation après perturbation dans la pessière noire à mousses." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27817/27817.pdf.
Full textJaa, Farid. "Dynamique du milieu naturel entre Azrou et Ain-Leuh (Moyen-Atlas marocain)." Bordeaux 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR30043.
Full textDjamali, Morteza. "Changements paléoenvironnementaux en Iran au cours des deux derniers cycles climatiques (végétation-climat-anthropisation)." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX30081.
Full textThis study is a contribution to palynological investigations in western Iran. Two long lacustrine cores from Lake Urmia and two short cores from lakes Maharlou (SW) and Almalou (NW) were studied by pollen analysis. Moreover, a modern pollen rain-vegetation study helped to interprete the sub-fossil pollen assemblages in terms of vegetation type. Pollen records of Lake Urmia in NW Iran permitted extending the vegetation record of the Near East from 48 ka back to 200 ka. It shows the expansion of oak and juniper woodlands during the interglacial periods and the dominance of Artemisia/grass steppes with scattered xerophytic shrubs such as Ephedra, Pteropyrum, Atraphaxis, and Nitrana during the glacial periods. Last interglacial period or Sahand Interglacial started with the sudden replacement of the Artemisia steppe with Quercus and Juniperus woodlands and Pistada-Amygclalus scrubs. Climate was most probably moister and warmer than the Holocene because of the presence of well developed stands of Zelkova, a mesic thermpphilous relict tree. The vegetation dynamics during the Holocene was different from the Last Interglacial with the post-glacial tree expansion being delayed until the middle Holocene (~6,500 cal yr BP) and a prolonged period of grass steppes/grasslands during the early Holocene. High-resolution pollen analysis of late Holocene sediments showed that human impact on natural vegetation which had already started during the early Holocene, became much stronger since the Iron Age (~3,500 cal yr BP) in both southern (Lake Maharlou area) arid northern section of the Zagros Mountains and in Iranian Azarbaijan Plateau. The most prominent cultural phase took place during the Persian empires evidenced by pollen indicators of extensive agriculture and fruticulture. The strongest human activities were practiced during the last two centuries. Spore and macro-remain sub-fossil analyses demonstrated the wesence of the relict bryophyte species (Riella, Meesia) in NW Iran suggesting the floristic and biogeographical importance of these zones for botanical studies and protection policies
St-Arnaud, Claudia. "Dynamique de la végétation d'un fen pauvre face à une simulation de réchauffement climatique : réponses potentielles des tourbières boréales à sphaignes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24414/24414.pdf.
Full textWatrin, Julie. "Dynamique spatiale et temporelle de la végétation caractéristique du << Sahara vert >> pendant la période humide de l'Holocène." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066610.
Full textJacquin, Anne. "Dynamique de la végétation des savanes en lien avec l’usage des feux à Madagascar : analyse par série temporelle d’images de télédétection." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7223/1/jacquin.pdf.
Full textVoldoire, Aurore. "Prise en compte des changements de végétation dans un scénario climatique du XXIème siècle." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30024.
Full textThe main objective of this work has been to run a climate simulation of the 21st century that includes not only greenhouse gases and aerosols emitted by human activity but also land-use and land-cover changes. To achieve this goal, the integrated impact model IMAGE2. 2 (developed at RIVM, The Netherlands) was used, which simulates the evolution of greenhouse gases concentrations as well as land-cover changes. This model has been coupled to the general circulation model ARPEGE/OPA provided by the CNRM. Before coupling the models, sensitivity experiments with each model have been performed to test their respective sensitivity to the forcing of the other. Ultimately, a simulation with the two models coupled together has shown that interactions between climate and vegetation are not of primary importance for century scale studies
Abdallah, Hédi. "Dynamique de la végétation et transformations des systèmes d'élevage sur les marges arides du Tell oriental de Soughas à Souar : (dorsale tunisienne)." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30144/document.
Full textThe growing role of grazing pressure on vegetation in Tunisia, and in particular in the Tunisian Dorsal has been studied by several researchers (Long, 1959; Gounot et Schoenenberger, 1967; Le Houérou, 1959 and 1969). However, these studies neglect the role of man and especially the breeding activity in the spatial variation of vegetation in Tunisia. One of the primary objectives of this thesis is the production of a large.scale vegetation map that takes into account the influence of man on the landscape. Recent changes in farmer's lifestyles lead to put livestock in human relations center in the middle. The role of grazing pressure has become one of the factors explaining the dynamics of forest vegetation. This thesis adopts a socio-economic and historical approach to test the assumption that farming is recognized as an influential factor in the dynamic vegetation in arid margins Tell East; its role has never been dominant. It was always associated with other activities deemed harmful to vegetation peasant like coal, fire, land clearing ... The abandonment and / or deceleration of these activities in the framework of the new socio-economic changes have made Livestock a major factor in the dynamics of vegetation. The thesis has three parts: The first part deals with the reconstruction of the evolution that led to the current settlement. This evolution is dominated by the settlement of pastoralists and has led to the genesis of the current douars inhabited by small farmers and breeders. In this production system, instead of pastoralism is predominant and persistent. The second part of the thesis shows the analysis that enabled a detailed land cover mapping. The vegetation mapping is used to take stock of the vegetation cover conservation status and conduct a qualitative and quantitative estimation of forage resources available within each homogeneous spatial unit. In the third part, based primarily on surveys, field observations, data on the number of livestock, livestock feeding sources and changes in body condition. Analysis of these data to define farming systems developed in the study area; map the distribution of their grazing pressure on forest and steppe vegetation, from each stand home use management herd management and space
Robert, Dorothee. "Caractérisation et modélisation de la dynamique de l'évapotranspiration en Afrique Soudanienne en zone de socle : interaction entre les aquifères et la végétation." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00849151.
Full textJabot-Robert, Dorothée. "Caractérisation et modélisation de la dynamique de l'évapotranspiration en Afrique Soudanienne en zone de socle : interaction entre les aquifères et la végétation." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENU024/document.
Full textIn West Africa, millions of people rely on water resources exposed to the monsoon variability. In this context, the aim of this thesis is to better understand hydrological processes in bedrock areas, and more particularly to estimate the role of lateral redistribution of soil water by the interactions between underground reservoirs, vegetation and atmosphere, using hydrogeological prospection and modeling at field and catena scale. This work is supported by the experimental device implemented in the small Ara catchment in the framework of the AMMA-CATCH observatory. The use of the ParFlow-CLM model allows the simulation of transfers in the saturated and the vadose zone by solving the Richards equation in 3D. The model was forced using observed atmospheric forcing at the surface. We first identify influential parameters for vertical water transfers. Then a spatial characterization of these parameters is carried out. The 1D version of the Parflow-CLM model is assessed using observed data. We show that the model provides relevant times series of the surface energy balance and of soil water distribution as compared to the observations. The impact of the spatial variability of the hydraulic parameters at the field scale (<1 ha) is studied. Finally, the bedrock geometry and the spatial distribution of vegetation are taken into account in the modelling. This allows the identification of horizontal subsurface lateral fluxes, which generate wet and dry patterns, which are related to the spatial distribution of evapotranspiration
Ouahid, Mohammed. "La dynamique de la végétation dans la partie méridionale du plateau central marocain : au moyen d'une cartographie diachronique : la forêt de Bouhsoussen." Poitiers, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994POIT5021.
Full textChambon-Dubreuil, Estelle. "Conception d'un modèle de dynamique de population d'un petit ligneux dominant pâturé (Cytisus scoparius) pour la gestion de l'embroussaillement des zones pastorales." Pau, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PAUU3019.
Full textThe decline of agriculture has hastened the invasion of small shrubs in marginal areas, lowering the value of forage and of biodiversity. European environmental policies have then encouraged farmers to preserve biodiversity and to use pastoral practices allowing the management of inherited value areas, but current recommendations are inadequate for practical use. With this aim, the objective of my PhD was to design a model of the interactions between the eating habits of sheep and the population dynamics of invading shrub species (Cytisus scoparius). To link these processes up, my model is grounded on: the creation of demographical categories specified by their eating habits, the demographical spatialization determining the accessibility of the resource, the influence of herbaceous resource upon eating habits. The demographical data stemmed from experiments carried out on broom moors over a sheep farm, as well as the knowledge of eating habits and of pastoral practices. My model shows the importance of spatialization in the demographical strategy, the diversity of impacts of grazing according to consummated organs, and the role of grazing plans on population dynamics. This PhD underlines the interest of pluridisciplinary reasoning between ecology and biotechnical sciences to answer the aim of controlling shrub encroachment by grazing