Academic literature on the topic 'Vegetation surveys namibia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Vegetation surveys namibia"
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Nghikembua, Matti T., Laurie L. Marker, Bruce Brewer, et al. "Restoration thinning reduces bush encroachment on freehold farmlands in north-central Namibia." Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research 94, no. 4 (2021): 551–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cpab009.
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Abstract Bush encroachment affects ~45 million ha of Namibia and, without appropriate restoration measures, it negatively affects rangeland productivity and biodiversity. Thinning is a common method to counteract bush encroachment. The thinning strategy applied in north-central Namibia was assessed to examine how effective it has been in reducing bush encroachment. Trees/shrubs were selectively thinned manually, targeting all height classes, except individuals with stem diameters ≥18 cm. We investigated the effects on the vegetation and soil properties using surveys on three freehold farms (in 2016 and 2017) in bush-encroached and previously thinned habitats. Our results revealed significant differences in the mean total nitrogen (TN) content between the treatments; thinned areas had higher TN content which would be beneficial for fast-growing grasses. In the thinned plots, the occurrence probability of red umbrella thorn (Vachellia reficiens Warwa) was significantly reduced, indicating that it was the most harvested species; and umbrella thorn (Vachellia tortilis (Burch.) Brenan spp. heteracantha) was increased, indicating that it favoured reduced densities of dominant species. Natural regeneration was rapid; the tree/shrub abundance in the 0–1-m height class in the thinned area surpassed those in the non-thinned by 34 per cent, ~7.2 years since thinning. Thinning significantly reduced tree/shrub abundances of the 1–3- and >3-m height classes, which was still evident 7.2 years since thinning. Based upon the generalized linear mixed-effects model, tree/shrub counts between treatments may equalize in ~14 and 15 years for the 1–3- and >3-m height classes, respectively. Thinning was effective in reducing tree/shrub abundances and can be used to restore wildlife habitat on the Namibian farmland: however, post-thinning management is required to maintain an open savannah vegetation structure as the 0–1-m height class cohort will eventually grow into mature trees/shrubs.
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Luetkemeier, Robert, and Stefan Liehr. "Household Drought Risk Index (HDRI): Social-Ecological Assessment of Drought Risk in the Cuvelai-Basin." Journal of Natural Resources and Development 8 (July 19, 2018): 46–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5027/jnrd.v8i0.06.
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Droughts threaten many regions worldwide, in particular semi-arid environments of sub-Saharan Africa such as the Cuvelai-Basin in Angola and Namibia, as the population depends on critical water-related ecosystem services. Since droughts are multi-layered phenomena, risk assessment tools that capture the societal relations to nature and identify those individuals that are most threatened are required. This study presents the integrated Household Drought Risk Index (HDRI) that builds upon empirical data from the study area to provide insights into drought hazard and vulnerability conditions of households in different socio-economic and environmental settings. The composite indicator integrates environmental measures of drought (frequency, severity, duration) from multiple remote sensing products (precipitation, soil moisture, vegetation) and the vulnerability of households (sensitivity, coping capacity) obtained from a structured survey that comprised 461 households. The results reveal that the Angolan population shows higher levels of risk, particularly caused by less developed infrastructural systems, weaker institutional capabilities and less coping capacities. Overall, urban dwellers follow less drought-sensitive livelihood strategies, but are still connected to drought conditions in rural areas due to family relations with obligations and benefits. The study results provide knowledge for decision-makers to respond to drought in the short and long-term. The latter may build upon the extension of centralized and decentralized water and food supply/production systems as well as the support of households via targeted educational and community-building measures. Specific HDRI components may be included in census surveys to receive continuous drought risk data.
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LALLEY, J. S., and H. A. VILES. "Terricolous lichens in the northern Namib Desert of Namibia: distribution and community composition." Lichenologist 37, no. 1 (2005): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282904014203.
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Terricolous lichens are the dominant vegetation in expansive areas of the Namib Desert, where fog is the main source of moisture and other vegetation is scarce. They play several important roles in soil crust stabilization and in the primary production of the Namib Desert ecosystem, yet little is known about the diversity and distribution of lichens in the northern unexplored regions of the Namib. To our knowledge, this study is the first survey of terricolous lichens to be carried out in the northern Namib Desert. Seven soil crust habitat types were identified in the study area, and a total of twenty-eight soil crust lichen species was recorded. The survey uncovered lichen species that may be unique to the northern Namib, including vagrant species, and common species were frequently found in a vagrant form. The crustose group was the most widely represented. Overall community compositions differed from those found in other regions of the Namib, and distribution patterns suggest a link to gravel clast size and physical soil crust type.
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Avio, Luciano, Caterina Cristani, Patrizia Strani, and Manuela Giovannetti. "Genetic and phenotypic diversity of geographically different isolates ofGlomus mosseae." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 55, no. 3 (2009): 242–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w08-129.
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In this work, we combined morphological taxonomy and molecular methods to investigate the intraspecific diversity of Glomus mosseae , whose global distribution has been reviewed by a survey of scientific literature and Web-available records from international germplasm collections (International Culture Collection of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and International Bank of Glomeromycota). We surveyed 186 publications reporting the occurrence of G. mosseae from at least 474 different sites from 55 countries throughout all continents, producing a geographical map of their distribution. The relationships among G. mosseae isolates originating from Europe (United Kingdom), the United States (Arizona, Florida, and Indiana), Africa (Namibia), and West Asia (Syria) were analyzed. The level of resolution of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences strongly supports the morphological species definition of G. mosseae. An ITS – restriction fragment length polymorphism assay with the enzyme HinfI yielded a unique profile for all G. mosseae isolates, allowing a straightforward identification of this morphospecies. Genetic variability among G. mosseae isolates was revealed by the inter-simple-sequence repeat (ISSR) – polymerase chain reaction: the magnitude of genetic divergence shown by the investigated geographical isolates was higher than 50%, consistent with previous data on vegetative compatibility and functional diversity. The variability of ISSR patterns suggests that intraspecific diversity is much higher than that foreseen by morphology and rDNA regions, and should be further investigated by using other genes, such as those related to functional diversity.
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Strohbach, Ben. "Vegetation survey of the Khomas Hochland in central-western Namibia: syntaxonomical descriptions." Bothalia, African Biodiversity & Conservation 51, no. 2 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.38201/btha.abc.v51.i2.4.
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Background: The Great Escarpment of southern Africa takes the form of an extended mountainous highland in central-western Namibia, commonly referred to as the ‘Khomas Hochland’. It is regarded as an area of high botanical diversity. Yet only few localised studies on the vegetation composition are available. The Khomas Hochland is formed on the southern part of the Damara Orogen and dominated by metamorphosed sediments. Climatically it forms a transition between the hot desert of the Namib and the slightly cooler hot steppe in the inland.Objectives: To classify and provide syntaxonomical descriptions of the vegetation of the Khomas Hochland.Methods: A dataset comprising 1151 relevés and 914 species was compiled from various surveys, mostly collected under, and to the standards of, the umbrella project ‘Vegetation Survey of Namibia’. For first classifications, the data set was reduced to a synusial set consisting of trees, shrubs, dwarf shrubs and grasses only.Results: The classification resulted in four major landscape units, being the Pre-Namib and Escarpment zone, the Khomas Hochland proper, riverine habitats as well as surrounding lowlands. The classification was further refined using Cocktail procedures to produce 30 associations, one with four sub-associations. These are described in this paper.Conclusion: A classification of synoptic data grouped the associations into five orders and one undefined cluster of associations on specialised desert habitats. Four of these orders correspond to the habitat types identified in the first classification. The fifth order, the Senegalio hereroensis–Tarchonanthoetalia camphorathi, represents high mountains of the central Khomas Hochland, which link biogeographically to the grassland biome in South Africa.
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Van der Merwe, Helga, Margaretha W. Van Rooyen, and Noel Van Rooyen. "Vegetation of the Hantam-Tanqua-Roggeveld subregion, South Africa Part 2: Succulent Karoo Biome related vegetation." Koedoe 50, no. 1 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v50i1.148.
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The Hantam-Tanqua-Roggeveld subregion lies within the Succulent Karoo Hotspot that stretches along the western side of the Republic of South Africa and Namibia. This project, carried out to document the botanical diversity in the Hantam-Tanqua-Roggeveld subregion, was part of a project identified as a priority during the SKEP (Succulent Karoo Ecosystem Programme) initiative in this Hotspot. Botanical surveys were conducted in an area covering over three million hectares. Satellite images of the area and topocadastral, land type and geology maps were used to stratify the area into relatively homogeneous units. An analysis of the floristic data of 390 sample plots identified two major floristic units, i.e. the Fynbos Biome related vegetation and the Succulent Karoo Biome related vegetation. A description of the vegetation related to the Succulent Karoo Biome is presented in this article. Seven associations, 16 subassociations and several mosaic vegetation units, consisting of more than one vegetation unit, were identified and mapped. Various threats to the vegetation in the region were identified during the survey and are briefly discussed.
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Strohbach, Ben J., and Josephat T. Kutuahuripa. "Vegetation of the eastern communal conservancies in Namibia: II. Environmental drivers." Koedoe 56, no. 1 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v56i1.1117.
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The eastern communal conservancies are situated along the western fringe of the Kalahari basin. Under a very short rainfall gradient, the vegetation abruptly changes from microphyllous Acacia-dominated savannas to mesophyll savannas, dominated by Terminalia sericea and Combretum spp. We hypothesise that this is caused by changes in soil moisture availability brought about by changes in soil texture from loamy soils to deep sands (the ‘inverse texture effect’). For this analysis, we used vegetation and soils data derived from a recognisance survey of the natural resources of the study area. As the sites in the soil and vegetation surveys did not overlap, it was decided to use only synoptic data for the plant associations in the analysis. Non-metric multidimesional scaling ordination was utilised as ordination technique of the vegetation data and various environmental parameters, including soil texture, soil hydraulic parameters, climatic and fire regime parameters, were overlaid as biplots onto the resulting graph, as were various plant functional attributes particularly related to climatic conditions. The main environmental gradient identified within the study area is the rainfall gradient. This relatively short gradient, however, does not explain the marked change in vegetation observed within the study area. This change is attributed to the change in soil type, in particular, the soil texture and the associated soil hydraulic parameters of the soil. This gradient is closely correlated to leaf size, explaining the change from microphyll savannas to mesophyll savannas along the change from loamy to sandy soils. One of the lesser understood mechanisms for the survival of these mesophyll plants on sandy soils seems to be a deep root system, which is actively involved in water redistribution within the soil profile – by hydraulic lift, inverse hydraulic lift and stem flow.Conservation implications: Understanding these mechanisms will greatly assist in understanding savanna dynamics. With the threat of global climate change, we postulate that the vegetation will gradually change from the present mesophyll to a microphyll savanna, but that the grass sward will probably not develop very well. Shrub and tree removal (‘bush harvesting’) is likely to speed up the desertification process within this area.
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Van der Merwe, Helga, Margaretha W. Van Rooyen, and Noel Van Rooyen. "Vegetation of the Hantam-Tanqua-Roggeveld subregion, South Africa. Part 1: Fynbos Biome related vegetation." Koedoe 50, no. 1 (2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v50i1.130.
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The Succulent Karoo Hotspot stretches along the western side of the Republic of South Africa and Namibia. A lack of botanical information on the Hantam-Tanqua-Roggeveld area of the Succulent Karoo Hotspot was identified during the SKEP (Succulent Karoo Ecosystem Plan) process. A grant from CEPF (Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund) funded a study to produce a vegetation map of the area to serve as baseline for ecosystem management.Vegetation surveys were conducted over an area of more than three million hectares from August to October 2004. Two major floristic units were identified, namely the Fynbos Biome related (Mountain Renosterveld) and Succulent Karoo Biome related units. An analysis of the floristic data of the predominantly Mountain Renosterveld vegetation unit is presented in this paper. Three associations were identified, which were subdivided into nine subassociations, one of which contains four variants. The vegetation units are described in terms of their species composition and their relationships with the physical environment. A vegetation map is provided depicting the geographical distribution of the different vegetation types. The main threat to the vegetation of the region identified by the farming community was a lack of infrastructure.
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Strohbach, Ben J. "Vegetation of the eastern communal conservancies in Namibia: I. Phytosociological descriptions." Koedoe 56, no. 1 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v56i1.1116.
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The establishment of communal conservancies aims to have the local communities share in the benefits especially of wildlife resources, in this way spearheading the conservation of the environment. The Desert Margins Programme in Namibia aimed to develop vegetation resource data for the Otjituuo, Okamatapati, Ozonahi, African Wild Dog, Otjinene, Epukiro, Otjombinde, Omuramba Ua Mbinda, Eiseb and Ondjou communal conservancies, in order to assist with natural resource planning. For this purpose, a phytosociological survey of this area, with 422 relevés, was conducted during 2004. The data was captured in Turboveg and forms part of the Namibian phytosociological database (GIVD AF-NA-001). The data was split into two, representing two major land forms, the ‘hardeveld’ and the ‘sandveld’, respectively. A classification was undertaken using the Modified two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) procedure. Further refinements, based on field observations and literature sources, were performed using Cocktail procedures. Thirteen vegetation associations were formally described in this article, of which two were subdivided into subassociations. These associations can broadly be grouped into broad-leaved savanna types typical of the central and northern Kalahari of Namibia and microphyll savannas found on the transitions to the Central Plateau. One association, the Burkeo africanae–Pterocarpetum angolensis, forms the southern fringe of the Zambesian Baikiaea Woodlands ecoregion of the World Wildlife Fund, whilst all the other associations fall within the Kalahari Acacia–BaikiaeaWoodlands ecoregion. The Combreto collini–Terminalietum sericeae is the most widespread association and dominates the landscape. Threats to the vegetation include overutilisation and regular fires, both of which could easily lead to desertification. This threat is aggravated by global climate change.Conservation implications: This article described 13 plant associations of the central Kalahari in eastern Namibia, an area hitherto virtually unknown to science. The information presented in this article forms a baseline description, which can be used for future monitoring of the vegetation under communal land use.
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Strohbach, Ben J. "Online appendix 1:Vegetation of the eastern communal conservancies in Namibia: I. Phytosociological descriptions." Koedoe 56, no. 1 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v56i1.1116-1.
Full textAbstract:
The establishment of communal conservancies aims to have the local communities share in the benefits especially of wildlife resources, in this way spearheading the conservation of the environment. The Desert Margins Programme in Namibia aimed to develop vegetation resource data for the Otjituuo, Okamatapati, Ozonahi, African Wild Dog, Otjinene, Epukiro, Otjombinde, Omuramba Ua Mbinda, Eiseb and Ondjou communal conservancies, in order to assist with natural resource planning. For this purpose, a phytosociological survey of this area, with 422 relevés, was conducted during 2004. The data was captured in Turboveg and forms part of the Namibian phytosociological database (GIVD AF-NA-001). The data was split into two, representing two major land forms, the ‘hardeveld’ and the ‘sandveld’, respectively. A classification was undertaken using the Modified two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) procedure. Further refinements, based on field observations and literature sources, were performed using Cocktail procedures. Thirteen vegetation associations were formally described in this article, of which two were subdivided into subassociations. These associations can broadly be grouped into broad-leaved savanna types typical of the central and northern Kalahari of Namibia and microphyll savannas found on the transitions to the Central Plateau. One association, the Burkeo africanae–Pterocarpetum angolensis, forms the southern fringe of the Zambesian Baikiaea Woodlands ecoregion of the World Wildlife Fund, whilst all the other associations fall within the Kalahari Acacia–BaikiaeaWoodlands ecoregion. The Combreto collini–Terminalietum sericeae is the most widespread association and dominates the landscape. Threats to the vegetation include overutilisation and regular fires, both of which could easily lead to desertification. This threat is aggravated by global climate change.Conservation implications: This article described 13 plant associations of the central Kalahari in eastern Namibia, an area hitherto virtually unknown to science. The information presented in this article forms a baseline description, which can be used for future monitoring of the vegetation under communal land use.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vegetation surveys namibia"
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Klintenberg, Patrik. "More Water, Less Grass? : An assessment of resource degradation and stakeholders’ perceptions of environmental change in Ombuga Grassland, Northern Namibia." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6707.
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Strohbach, Marianne Margarethe. "Vegetation description and mapping along a strip transect in central Namibia with the aid of satellite imagery." Diss., 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26946.
Full textBooks on the topic "Vegetation surveys namibia"
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Julian, Fennessy, Schneider Stephanie, Desert Research Foundation of Namibia., and Gobabeb Training and Research Centre., eds. Hoanib River catchment study, northwestern Namibia: Vegetation. Desert Research Foundation of Namibia, 2001.
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Julian, Fennessy, Schneider Stephanie, Desert Research Foundation of Namibia., and Gobabeb Training and Research Centre., eds. Hoanib River catchment study, northwestern Namibia: Water. Desert Research Foundation of Namibia, 2001.
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Julian, Fennessy, Schneider Stephanie, Desert Research Foundation of Namibia., and Gobabeb Training and Research Centre., eds. Hoanib River catchment study, northwestern Namibia: Fauna. Desert Research Foundation of Namibia, 2001.
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Julian, Fennessy, Schneider Stephanie, Desert Research Foundation of Namibia., and Gobabeb Training and Research Centre., eds. Hoanib River catchment study, northwestern Namibia: Soil. Desert Research Foundation of Namibia, 2001.
Book chapters on the topic "Vegetation surveys namibia"
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Horning, Ned, Julie A. Robinson, Eleanor J. Sterling, Woody Turner, and Sacha Spector. "Integrating field data." In Remote Sensing for Ecology and Conservation. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199219940.003.0021.
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While the savannah elephant (Loxodonta africana) is listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as “vulnerable” because of declining abundance in some regions of Africa (Blanc 2008), populations in some protected areas of South Africa are growing rapidly (van Aarde and Jackson 2007). These populations can cause extensive modification of vegetation structure when their density increases (Owen-Smith 1996; Whyte et al. 2003; Guldemond and van Aarde 2007). Management methods such as culling, translocation, and birth control have not reduced density in some cases (van Aarde et al. 1999; Pimm and van Aarde 2001). Providing more space for elephants is one alternative management strategy, yet fundamental to this strategy is a clear understanding of habitat and landscape use by elephants. Harris et al. (2008) combined remotely sensed data with Global Positioning System (GPS) and traditional ethological observations to assess elephant habitat use across three areas that span the ecological gradient of historical elephant distribution. They explored influences on habitat use across arid savannahs (Etosha National Park in Namibia) and woodlands (Tembe Elephant Park in South Africa and Maputo Elephant Reserve in Mozambique). The researchers focused on three main variables—distance to human settlements, distance to water, and vegetation type. The authors used Landsat 7 ETMþ imagery to create vegetation maps for each location, employing supervised classification and maximum likelihood estimation. Across all sites, they recorded the coordinates of patches with different vegetation and of vegetation transitions to develop signatures for the maps. Elephants do not use all vegetation types, and it can be expedient to focus on presence rather than both presence and absence. Accordingly, the researchers used GPS to record the locations of elephants with the aim of identifying important land cover types for vegetation mapping. The authors mapped water locations in the wet and dry seasons using remotely sensed data and mapped human settlements using GPS, aerial surveys, and regional maps. They tracked elephants with radiotelemetry collars that communicated with the ARGOS satellite system, sending location data for most of the elephants over 24 h, and then remaining quiescent for the next 48 h to extend battery life.