Dissertations / Theses: 'Vegetative propagation'

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Mesen, Jose Francisco. "Vegetative propagation of Central American hardwoods." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11162.

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This study was carried out at the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology (ITE), Bush Estate, Scotland, and at the Centre for Tropical Agricultural Research and Education (CATIE), Turrialba, Costa Rica, from December 1989 to September 1993. The work concentrated on two hardwood species native to Central America, Albizia guachapele (Kunth) Dug, and Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pavon) Oken. The main objectives of the study were to determine the effects of physiological factors on the rooting ability of both species and identify the optimal conditions for root initiation in leafy, stem cuttings using non-mist propagators. The study focused on some of the factors, both pre- and post-severance, generally accepted as having a crucial influence in determining the rooting ability of leafy cuttings. These included the stockplant growth environment, cutting origin, cutting foliar area, auxins, rooting media and propagation environment. Discussions are presented on the effects of these factors on cutting morphology and physiology, and their influence on the process of adventitious root formation. The practical implications for the propagation of both species and for further research are also discussed.

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Pope, Dennis P., John H. Brock, and Ralph A. Backhaus. "Vegetative Propagation of Key Southwestern Woody Riparian Species." University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/609140.

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A series of laboratory and greenhouse experiments were designed with the objective of determining effective methods of vegetatively propagating selected woody riparian species for use in restoration of Southwestern riparian habitats. Cuttings from four major southwest riparian species including Fremont Cottonwood (Populus fremontii), Goodding Willow (Salix gooddingii), Arizona Sycamore (Platanus wrightii), and Arizona Walnut (juglans major) were collected along the Gila River in western New Mexico. Propagation studies with hardwood and root cuttings were performed. Results from these studies determined that Fremont Cottonwood and Goodding Willow could be readily propagated from dormant stem cuttings. Nodal explants from the laboratory -grown Arizona walnut seedlings were tissue -cultured in order to develop a method to mass produce this difficult to propagate species. A nutrient and hormone solution was formulated that resulted in shoot proliferation of Arizona walnut explants in vitro.

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Hagen, Randall H. 1956. "Vegetative propagation of Cercidium, Parkinsonia, and Prosopis species." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277321.

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Two methods of vegetative propagation, stem cuttings under mist and air layering, were examined for the 'Desert Museum' hybrid palo verde and species of Cercidium, Parkinsonia, and Prosopis. Basal cuttings of 'Desert Museum' gave higher rates of rooting than apical cuttings and showed better rooting in April than September. Two-node cuttings produced more rooted cuttings for an equal stem length than three- or four-node cuttings. Cuttings of six other species and hybrids of Cercidium and Parkinsonia, as well as six species and hybrids of Prosopis, were also successfully rooted. Indolebutyric acid (IBA) in the range of 2,500 to 5,000 ppm generally improved rooting compared with no IBA treatment. Bottom heat of 30 to 35°C was required for high rooting rates for all species. Air layers of Prosopis chilensis averaged 94% rooting using stem diameters of 8 to 10 mm. IBA at 5,000 ppm improved rooting by 70% over 0 ppm. Air layers of Cercidium, Parkinsonia, and other species of Prosopis were also rooted.

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Högberg, Karl-Anders. "Possibilities and limitations of vegetative propagation of Norway spruce /." Uppsala : Dept. of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/s294.pdf.

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Reynolds, Glen. "The vegetative propagation and early development of dipterocarp cuttings." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440500.

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Aminah, Hamzah. "Vegetative propagation of Shorea leprosula Miq. by stem cuttings." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13262.

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The thesis reports new studies on the factors affecting the rooting of single node leafy stem cuttings of Shorea leprosula, a Dipterocarp timber tree native to South East Asia. Several aspects of vegetative propagation were investigated including treatments of the stock plants from which the cuttings were taken, propagation systems and post-severance treatments to cuttings. Stock plants raised in 1 litre pots of forest top soil and sand (3:1), and fertilised every two weeks with 0.5 g per plant of NPK fertiliser (12%N:12%P₂O₅:17%K₂O:2MgO + Trace elements) were suitable for production of cuttings. Cuttings from stock plants raised under low irradiance of 0 to 325 μmol photons m^-2s^-1 (nominally 10% full sunlight) produced higher rooting and more roots than those from a high irradiance of 0 to 722 μmol photons m^-2s^-1 (nominally 30% full sunlight). S.leprosula stem cuttings rooted equally well in the mist and non-mist propagation systems as long as a consistently low vapour pressure deficit (VPD) was maintained. A temporary increase in the VPD of more than 0.5 kPa at peak irradiance could be tolerated by S.leprosula cuttings. Cuttings also rooted equally well in media with either low or high water retaining capacity such as river sand, coconut fibre or a mixture of these two media. A diurnal irradiance of 0 to 360 μmol photons m^-2s^-1 was adequate for rooting but 0 to 98 μmol photons m^-2s^-1 resulted in low rates of net photosynthesis (P_n) and a much reduced rooting success. In the enclosed mist propagation system, misting every 1 hour with a 1 minute duration of spray, throughout the day and night, provided sufficient moisture to cuttings and maintained mean relative humidity of more than 90%. Cuttings planted in the same system with a 3 hour misting frequency tended to develop water deficit as indicated by low relative water content and stomatal conductance.

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Plume, Catherine Ann 1961. "Vegetative propagation of Arizona sycamore (Platanus wrightii) by cuttings." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277324.

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The objective of this study was to determine potential propagation of Arizona sycamore (Platanus wrightii) from cuttings for use in riparian revegetation projects. Cuttings gathered from trees in Superior, Arizona during Fall 1988 and Spring 1989, and from Madera Canyon near Tucson, Arizona in Fall 1989 were treated with various concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA). In all studies, numbers of rooted cuttings decreased when concentrations of greater than 5,000 ppm IBA were used. Cuttings from young trunk sprouts in Fall 1988 had a higher rooting frequency than cuttings from other source trees and produced the greatest number and the longest roots in Spring 1989. In Fall 1989, plastic pots with a 1:1 perlite:vermiculite media resulted in higher rooting frequencies than when peat was incorporated into the media. While cuttings in all studies successfully rooted in the greenhouse, no plants survived outplanting on a 160 m elevation floodplain. Propagation of Arizona sycamore is more difficult than that of Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) of Goodings willow (Salix goodingii) but cuttings will root with careful attention in the greenhouse.

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Mibus, Raelene. "Banksia floriculture export marketing and vegetative biology fundamental to clonal propagation /." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm618.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Horticulture, Viticulture and Oenology, 1998.
Copy of author's previous publications inserted. Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Horticulture, Viticulture and Oenology, 1999? Bibliography: leaves 301-315.

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Ford, Craig M. "The vegetative propagation and quality specifications of Pinus Patula hybrid cuttings." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79712.

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Pinus patula has for many years been the most important softwood species along the eastern regions of southern Africa but as a result of the pine pathogen, Fusarium circinatum, there have been serious establishment issues and difficulties in propagating P. patula from either seed or cuttings. In response to this threat, research has been conducted on the development of F. circinatum-tolerant P. patula and hybridising it with more tolerant Pinus species such as P. tecunumanii. Not enough hybrid seed can, however, be produced to replace P. patula seedling production. It has therefore become necessary to investigate the production of tolerant P. patula families and various P. patula hybrid alternatives through vegetative propagation. The suitability of P. patula hybrids to the current and future vegetative propagation systems, that is hedges in polythene bags with composted pine bark growing media and hydroponic sand beds. It is also necessary to determine what the ideal plant specifications for those hybrid cuttings being produced are in order to ensure good survival and stocking. The potential gains from high quality planting stock include optimum stocking and volume growth. While some plant quality work has been undertaken on P. patula seedlings there has not been any research into the plant quality specifications required for the successful deployment of P. patula hybrid cuttings. The objective of this study was thus to: investigate the propagation potential of these taxa in the two vegetative propagation systems, with natural infection by Fusarium circinatum; and to test the morphological plant quality specifications for Pinus patula x Pinus tecunumanii (low elevation, LE) rooted cuttings required for optimal survival and growth after planting. The taxa propagation investigation comprised two experiments; a taxa production experiment and a propagation system experiment. Experiments were carried out at the Sappi Shaw Research Centre located near Howick, South Africa (S29°28.53’ E30°10.75’). The taxa sele cted represented a range of predicted F. circinatum tolerance. Each experiment comprised 23 family treatments (across eight hybrid and pure taxa). A total of 2300 hedges were included in the taxa production experiment, planted in the current commercial standard which is composted pine bark growing media in black polythene bags. The propagation system experiment, compared two hedge system types, the hydroponic sand bed and current commercial standard. A total of 1200 hedges were included in this experiment. A pine mini-hedge system was employed to produce juvenile shoots for vegetative propagation in both experiments. Rooted cuttings were produced between October 2008 and June 2012. Over the 45 month period a total of 23 shoot harvests were set. All dying hedge plants were collected and sent for laboratory confirmation of infection by F. circinatum. Needle samples from 493 hedges across selected hybrid crosses and P. patula as well as all 714 hedges of P. patula x P. tecunumanii (LE) were submitted for DNA fingerprinting to confirm their hybrid status. Significant differences (p < 0.001) in mortality associated with F. circinatum were observed between the P. patula x P. tecunumanii (LE) hybrid (6%) and P. patula (19-23%). No significant differences in mortality associated with F. circinatum were observed within P. patula x P. tecunumanii (LE) families which ranged from zero to 15 percent. Significant mortality differences (p < 0.001) were observed between P. patula families which ranged from eight to 44 percent. The number of rooted cuttings produced, per hedge established, over the four year period was significantly better (p < 0.001) in the P. patula x P. tecunumanii (LE) hybrid (52) than in P. patula (29-33). Significant differences (p < 0.001) were also observed in the number of rooted cuttings produced per family, with P. patula x P. tecunumanii (LE) families ranging from 35 to 70 cuttings per hedge plant established and P. patula families between 20 and 42 cuttings. Over the four year duration of the trial all taxa showed increased productivity in hedges grown in a hydroponic sand bed system, which received more consistent fertilisation and yielded an average of 55 rooted cuttings per hedge, over those grown in polythene bags with composed pine bark medium which yielded 41 cuttings on average. To investigate the morphological plant quality requirements for Pinus patula x Pinus tecunumanii rooted cuttings, rooted cuttings aged between 2 and 23 months, from time of setting, were selected from multiple families to establish a plant quality field trial. Cuttings were grouped into five age treatments and planted in a randomised complete block design in 7 by 7 tree plots and with 6 replications. A total of 20 hybrid families were included. Cuttings were raised in 90ml inserts in a containerised system with composted pine bark growing medium. Plant quality measures were assessed across 1470 individual cuttings, with age being used as a grouping factor at field planting. The cutting quality parameters included in this study were; plant age, height, RCD, needle colour, root plug colonisation, visual presence of ectomycorrhizae and number of visible white root tips. Survival and growth for each individual cutting was recorded at one year after field planting. The ideal raising period for P. patula x P. tecunumanii (LE) cuttings, grown in a 90ml cavity was 10 months from setting. The ideal height for cuttings was 28-32cm and the ideal root collar diameter range was 3.5mm - 4.5mm. The root plug was optimal when no growing medium fell off the plug when extracted from the insert; the root plug was firm but not hard and the plug was well colonised with a high proportion of thin brown roots. It was optimal to have at least three or more actively growing white root tips present and visible evidence of ectomycorrhizae. Needles in the dark mid-green to dark green range were shown to be optimal. These plant quality recommendations were based on findings from a single trial site that experienced good planting conditions and good rainfall. As a result, the effects of significant water stress on the survival and growth of these cuttings was not adequately assessed and would require further testing. This study showed that the P. patula x P. tecunumanii (LE) hybrid is a feasible substitute for P. patula in both vegetative propagation systems, as it not only shows improved survival, through increased F. circinatum tolerance, but also improved productivity. It also showed that even under ideal planting conditions cutting age, height, root collar diameter, needle colour, root plug integrity and the number of white roots all had a significant effect on survival and growth of cuttings a year after field establishment.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
Plant Production and Soil Science
MSc
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Yang, Zhi. "Vegetative propagation and genetic fingerprinting of Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus amplifolia." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024073.

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Pita, Júnior José Luiz [UNESP]. "Propagação do rambutanzeiro (Nephelium lapacceum L.)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96881.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
O rambutan é uma frutífera tropical pertencente à família Sapindaceae, com origem no Sudeste Asiático, especialmente Malásia. No Brasil, o cultivo está em expansão e distribuído em diferentes estados e com plantas de origem seminífera, gerando pomares desuniformes e início de produção tardio. Com a propagação vegetativa é possível antecipar a fase produtiva, e também corrigir o problema de plantas masculinas. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a enxertia em fenda cheia ao longo do ano e, a influência da aplicação de AIB em três diferentes formas no enraizamento de estacas do rambutan. A enxertia foi conduzida de set/2008 à ago/2010 no ripado de fruticultura da FCAV/Unesp, no município de Jaboticabal/SP, local onde também realizou-se a estaquia em jan/2010. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com 10 plantas/parcela na enxertia e 10 estacas/parcela na estaquia e 4 repetições em ambos experimentos. Para a enxertia as avaliações foram: porcentagem de pegamento mensal e por época, número e altura das brotações emitidas por enxerto e número de folíolos dos enxertos, e para a estaquia foram: porcentagem de sobrevivência, calejamento, pegamento e número e comprimento médio de raízes. Com os resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que o agosto e novembro são os meses mais adequados para o pegamento da enxertia do rambutan. Agosto é o melhor mês do ano para o desenvolvimento das brotações e folíolos dos enxertos. A melhor época do ano para a realização da enxertia é a primavera. A forma de aplicação de AIB e suas respectivas doses não influenciam nenhuma das variáveis analisadas
The rambutan is a tropical fruit belonging to the Sapindaceae family, which originated in Southeast Asia, especially Malaysia. In Brazil, the cultivation is expanding and distributed in different states and with plant material seminiferous generating non uniform orchards and production starting late. With vegetative propagation is possible to anticipate the productive phase, and also fix the problem of male plants. This study aimed to evaluate the cleft grafting during the year, and the influence of IBA application in three different ways on the rooting of the rambutan. The grafting was conducted in Sep/2008 ago/2010 ripped the fruit of FCAV / UNESP in Jaboticabal / SP, which is also where the cutting took place in Jan/2010. The design was completely randomized, with 10 plants per plot of grafting and 10 cuttings per plot in the cutting and 4 replications in both experiments. For grafting were evaluated: successful rate per month and season, number and height of emitted buds per stock and leaflet number of grafts, and the cuttings were: percentage of survival, callus, and fixation number and average length of roots . With these results we can conclude that the August and November are the months most suitable for the fixation of the grafted rambutan. August is the best month of the year for the development of shoots and leaves of the grafts. The best season for grafting is spring. The form of application of IBA and their doses do not influence any of the variables

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Penha, Estevan Teodoro Santana [UNESP]. "Doses e modos de aplicação de boro na produção de mudas de nespereira." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136358.

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The loquat cultivation is increasing in Brazil and in the world and is an important source of income for small farms, however, the production of seedlings can be an obstacle to its expansion. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate Boron reflection on the quality of loquat seedlings, and the place of supply to plants parent by determining the most effective application method in this process. There were four boron doses (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mg dm-3) and two application sites (soil and leaf). The use of boron instock plants improves the root system of plants from cuttings, the most efficient foliar application than the soil. The application of this micronutrient promotes balance between root / shoot, ensuring the formation of a balanced changes, given that the leaf supply increases the volume of the stake roots. Therefore the supply of boron to headquarters makes the process effectively, reducing cost, optimizing time and assuring the quality of fruit seedlings.
O cultivo de nêsperas vem aumentando no Brasil e no mundo, sendo uma importante fonte de renda para pequenas propriedades, no entanto, a produção de mudas pode ser um gargalo de sua expansão. Dessa forma o objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o reflexo do boro na qualidade das mudas de nespereira, bem como o local de seu fornecimento às plantasmães determinando-se o modo de aplicação mais eficiente neste processo. Foram utilizadas quatro doses de boro (0; 2,5; 5,0 e 7,5 mg dm-3 ) e dois locais de aplicação (no solo e foliar). A utilização de boro nas plantas-matrizes melhora o sistema radicular das mudas obtidas por estaquia, sendo a aplicação foliar mais eficiente do que via solo. A aplicação deste micronutriente promove o equilíbrio entre raiz/parte aérea, garantindo a formação de uma muda equilibrada, haja vista que o fornecimento foliar aumenta o volume de raízes da estaca. Portanto o fornecimento de boro às matrizes torna o processo eficaz, reduzindo custo, otimizando tempo e garantindo a qualidade das mudas frutíferas.

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Ahmad, Darus. "Vegetative propagation of Acacia mangium Wild. by stem cuttings and tissue culture techniques." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1988. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU499990.

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The main objectives of this investigation were: 1. to evaluate vegetative propagation of Acacia mangium using stem cuttings and tissue cultures techniques as a means of producing healthy planting stock, 2. to study the anatomy of root formation and development in Acacia mangium stem cuttings, and 3. to study the physiological and morphological factors involved in rooting of Acacia mangium stem cuttings.Acacia mangium stem cuttings rooted easily but the rooting percentage declined with the increasing age of stock plants. The application of auxins and the use of cuttings with half size phyllodes increased the rooting percentage. A 1:1 mixture of sand and Irish sphagnum peat was found to be the best rooting medium. The anatomical studies of a 1-year-old stem showed that the Acacia mangium stem did not have preformed root premordia but the root primordia were initiated in the phloem region, very near to cambial cells, in between the active medullary rays. A micropropagation technique for Acacia mangium was successfully developed. The optimum cytokinin concentration for multiple shoot induction was found to be 0.5 mg/1 of BAP for nodal explants from aseptically germinated seedlings and 1.0 mg/1 of BAP for nodal explants of 8-month-old greenhouse-grown seedlings, giving an average of 25.6 and 16.9 shoots per explant respectively. Shoots which were ≥0.5 cm in length were easily rooted in a humidified rooting chamber. It is estimated that after six culture cycles each of 2 months duration, more than 87 million rooted shoots could be obtained from a single aseptically germinated seedling and more than 1 million rooted shoots could be obtained from a single nodal explant of 8-month-old greenhouse-grown seedlings. A healthy callus was readily obtained from stem explants of 1-month-old aseptically germinated seedlings but all attempts to induce shoots from callus failed.

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Tan, Chia Lock. "Tissue culture and genetic transformation of Theobroma cacao." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310835.

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Exadaktylou, Efstathia. "Vegetative propagation of Gisela 5 cherry rootstock and its susceptibility to commercially significant pathogens." Thesis, University of Essex, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495531.

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Gisela 5 consists one of the most promising new cherry rootstocks in Greece. However, there is a gap in the knowledge related to the propagation of this rootstock by using cuttings. The first aim of this study was to investigate different methods to propagate the cherry rootstocks Gisela 5. The results showed that, this rootstock can be propagated by using hardwood cuttings with a moderate percentage of rooting (about 60%). More investigation is required in testing the frequency of irrigations on the rooting of cuttings in different rooting media. In addition, ·more work should be done to examine the possibly effect of endogenous hormones, carbohydrates and mineral elements in rooting of cuttings. It could help to understand better how the external factors affect the percentage of rooting of Gisela 5 cuttings. Propagation of Gisela 5 by using semi-hardwood cuttings is also possible, but the percentage of rooting is relatively low (about 35%). Improvement of the rooting could be achieved if the effect of some other external factors, such as etiolating, age of mother trees etc is examined. In cases of which propagation of Gisela 5 cherry rootstock with hardwood and semi-hardwood cuttings is impossible, the use of root cuttings could be another way to propagate this rootstock with high percentage of sprouting (67%) and rooting (90%) of achievement. More investigations should be conducted to evaluate the effect of higher concentrations of BOP on improvement of sprouting. This study also gives data for the use of micrografting as a quick grafting method. The percentage of achievement of micro grafted plants can be improved in a percentage of 55-60% if parafilm is used as wrapping material and covering of plants after micrografting. A method to produce inter-stocked trees with the micrografting method was evaluated although the percentage of achievement is low (10%). In this study, using micrografting in combination to thermotherapy was not an effective method to produce virus-free, probably because of inappropriate method of thermotherapy. More investigation should be done by using different method of thermotherapy so that vims-free plants will be able produced. In this study, experiments were conducted to i.mprove the tissue culture propagation of Gisela 5 , cherry rootstock additionally to the previous works. The results showed that shoot apices possibly are appropriate explants for the tissue culture propagation of this rootstock. Adding 5 ~lM lBA in combination to 0.15 glucose in medium improved the rooting of Gisela 5 explants. Supplement of medium with BA at concentrations as low as 0.5 ~M in'creased the sprouting of explants. Considering the importance of the diseases Phytophthora crown rot, Crown gall and Bacterial canker for the cultivation of cherry trees, it is essential for growers to know the level of susceptibility of Gisela 5 to these diseases. In this study, the susceptibility of cherry rootstock Gisela 5 to infection by Phytophthora Crown Rot (P. cactorum, P. citrophthora, P. parasitica, and P. citricola), Crown Gall (Agrobacterillm tllmejaciens) and Bacterial Canker (Pselldonwnas syringae) was evaluated. The results showed that Gisela 5 is susceptible to all pathogens tested. The susceptibility of Gisela 5 in natural infections by the pathogens used in this study should also be evaluated. Before that, caution should be taken when Gisela 5 is used in locations where these diseases are endemic and this may limit its commercial potential.

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Spanos, Konstantinos A. "Screening for resistance to Seiridium canker in the Cupressaceae and vegetative propagation of cypresses." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=165514.

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Artificial inoculations in the Cupressaceae proved that Seiridium cardinale was more virulent than S.cupressi and S.unicorne. Cupressus macrocarpa was found to be highly susceptible to Seiridium canker, C.sempervirens very susceptible, while C.torulosa and C.arizonica were moderately susceptible. Chamaecyparis lawsoniana was highly resistant to S.cardinale, but very susceptible to S.unicorne and moderately susceptible to S.cupressi. Intraspecific variation in susceptibility to S.cardinale was found in C.sempervirens. S.cupressi was more pathogenic than S.unicorne on C.macrocarpa, C.arizonica and C.torulosa, whereas it was less pathogenic on C.sempervirens. Mature bark proved to be more resistant to Seiridium canker than young bark. Low variability in pathogenicity of S.cardinale was found, with only one isolate out of eight proving to be a weaker pathogen. Histological examination of bark of cypress seedlings following infection with S.cardinale revealed the formation of strong necrophylactic periderm as an important resistance mechanism against Seiridium attack, and was particularly marked in C.lawsoniana. Strong necrophylactic periderms were detected in resistant and tolerant clones of C.sempervirens, whereas weak or a series of easily re-invaded ones were found in susceptible clones. Variations in pathogenicity of Seiridium in in vitro inoculations of micropropagated cypress shoots paralleled results found in the glasshouse. Wounding of micropropagated shoots significantly increased the size of lesions caused by all three Seiridium spp. In axenic conditions, hyphae of Seiridium spp. penetrated host tissues through stomatal apertures or directly through the cuticle. Under these conditions, infected tissues of C.lawsoniana formed ligno-suberized barriers as a result of fungal invasion, whereas those of C.sempervirens did not.

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Tchoundjeu, Z. "Vegetative propagation of the tropical hardwoods, Khaya ivorensis A. Chev. and Lovoa trichilioides Harms." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13095.

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Magalhães, Tomás Thormann Abranches de. "Propagação e fenologia da Corema album (L.) D. Don. Ensaios de propagação vegetativa por estaca. Caracterização fenológica e proposta de escala BBCH." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10923.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Engenharia Rural - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
The dioecious specie Corema album, endemic from the Iberian Atlantic coast, has potential in the berry market. Two vegetative propagation experiments were conducted in a controlled environment, the phenology of wild plants was described, and a BBCH scale was proposed. These experiments compared the survival and rooting of: 1) two types of genotypes (wild and cultivated) treated with auxins (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm); 2) nine origins in two rooting mediums (“Siro” and “Fataca”). The genotype influenced the survival and rooting. After 165 days the genotype from “Aldeia do Meco Wild” had the best rooting (59.3 %), and “Aldeia do Meco Cultivated” had the worst survival (40.0 %), the auxin didn’t influence the outcome. The rooting medium and the origin influenced the survival and rooting, “Siro” had the best survival (77.4 %) and rooting (74.6 %). The best origin was Vila Real de Santo António with 63.6 % rooted. The phenological observations took place between January and September at Aldeia do Meco. Vegetative growth was similar on male and female plants with different timings. Flowering is synchronous and fruit formation and development took place between 27 March and 16 August. Because of the dioecious characteristic, and two types of growth we added to the BBCH scale 3 sub phases, obtaining 7 phases and 3 sub phases

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Manning, Edward Patrick. "An Introduction to Local Multipoint Distribution Services with an Investigation of the Effects of Vegetation on the Radio Channel." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9792.

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This thesis takes the reader through an overview of issues pertinent to Local Multi-point Distribution Services (LMDS). The reader will first learn what LMDS is and then review the system architectures that are made available for LMDS technologies. After summarizing the basics of LMDS, we will compare it with some competing technologies. The reader will then be guided through the aspects of millimeter (mm) wave radio link design. This should be a good lead into the experiment section, since it is suspected that the reader would want to be aware of what design techniques are involved in mm-wave radio link design and what issues may pose potential problems and how they may be mitigated. Of the potential problems posed in the mm-wave radio link design section, one will be further investigated experimentally. This is the investigation of the effect of vegetation on the magnitude, phase and error vector magnitude (EVM) performance of an LMDS channel. The motivation for this experiment came from the review earlier work, which showed an unexpected relationship between carrier to noise ratio (C/N) and bit error rate BER.
Master of Science

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20

Borelli, Karla. "Produção de mudas de seringueira em viveiro suspenso." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-28032016-123413/.

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Dentre os métodos utilizados na propagação vegetativa de espécies florestais, a enxertia por borbulhia é a mais empregada para a seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis). Nesse sistema de produção de mudas, os porta-enxertos são formados diretamente no solo ou em sacos de polietileno preenchidos com solo. Embora essa seja uma prática comum nos viveiros, mudanças nos parâmetros legais foram propostas a fim de alterar o sistema de produção de mudas, principalmente no que diz respeito ao cultivo dos porta-enxertos. Para atender essas alterações, objetivou-se desenvolver um protocolo de produção de mudas de seringueira em bancadas suspensas. Para isso, foram conduzidos dois experimentos (descritos no cap. II e III) em Piracicaba - SP. No capítulo II, propõe-se a produção de hastes verdes em minijardim clonal hidropônico com leito de areia. Doses crescentes de nutrientes via fertirrigação foram testadas. Avaliou-se a produtividade do minijardim em função da fertirrigação e o aproveitamento das hastes verdes para a enxertia. Os resultados obtidos, mostraram que a fertirrigação afetou a produção de hastes verdes de seringueira em condições de minijardim clonal, sendo 1,5 mS cm-1 a condutividade elétrica ideal da solução nutritiva para produção de hastes verdes nesse sistema. Mesmo sob sistema hidropônico em casa de vegetação, forte sazonalidade da produção foi observada. As melhores estações do ano para coletar hastes verdes aptas às enxertias por borbulhia e garfagem foram à primavera e o verão. Nesse período recomenda-se elevar a condutividade elétrica da solução para 2,0 mS cm-1. Para o experimento descrito no capítulo III, porta-enxertos foram produzidos em viveiro suspenso, utilizando substrato comercial. Diferentes métodos de enxertia foram testados (borbulhia, garfagem em fenda cheia e fenda lateral) em porta-enxerto com diferentes diâmetros. Os enxertos utilizados foram obtidos no experimento do cap. II. Obteve-se sucesso com a enxertia por borbulhia e a enxertia por garfagem em fenda cheia, sendo possível verificar redução no tempo de produção de mudas de seringueira em condições de viveiro suspenso. No entanto, é necessário ajustes para obter maior sobrevivência das enxertias sob essas condições.
Among methods used for the vegetative propagation of forest species, budding is the most used for rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). In this system the rootstocks are produced directly on the soil or in polyethylene bags using soil as substrate. Although this is a common practice in the commercial nurseries, changes in the law were proposed for the planting material production system, particularly in the production of rootstocks. To meet these changes, this work aimed to develop a protocol for the production of rubber tree in suspended benches. There conducted two trials (chapter II and chapter III) in suspended bed in Piracicaba - SP. In chapter II was proposed the production of green scions in hydroponic clonal mini garden in function of fertigation. The mini garden yield was accessed by green scions productions and fertigation. It was found that the fertigation affected the production of green scion of rubber tree under clonal mini garden conditions. The electric conductivity of 1.5 mS cm-1 was the best solution for this system. Even in the hydroponic clonal mini garden in a greenhouse, a strong seasonality of growth was found. The best season to produce green scions in this system was summer and spring. In these seasons it is recommend using the EC of solution of 2.0 mS cm-1. In the experiment described in the chapter III, the rootstocks were produced in suspended benches, using a commercial substrate. Different methods of grafting were tested (budding, grafting in full and lateral cleft) in rootstocks of different diameters. The scions used were obtained in the experiment of chapter II. Success was obtained with the budding and grafting in full cleft, being possible to reduce the period for rubber tree production under suspended benches conditions. Adjustments are needed to get increased grafting survival under these conditions.

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Leite, José Basílio Vieira [UNESP]. "Cacaueiro: propagação por estacas caulinares e plantio no semi-árido do Estado da Bahia." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105174.

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Ceplac
Foram estudadas a propagação de estacas caulinares de cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao L.) e o plantio de cacaueiro no semi-árido do estado da Bahia. Os resultados permitiram concluir que há interação entre clone e época de coleta de estaca, sendo janeiro e fevereiro os melhores meses. O plantio foi realizado em março de 2003, sob sombreamento provisório de bananeira, da variedade prata anã nos mesmos espaçamentos utilizados para o cacaueiro. Foi realizada irrigação por gotejamento e fertirrigação. As demais técnicas de manejo foram adaptadas levando em consideração as características edafoclimáticas da região. As avaliações foram realizadas a cada três meses, considerando as variáveis: altura e diâmetro das plantas, taxa de crescimento, floração, lançamentos foliares e frutificação. Dos resultados encontrados destacam-se o crescimento, vigor e início da frutificação com 1,5 ano, produção de 90 kg de amêndoas secas ha-1 aos 21 meses, com destaque para o clone PH 16 com 110 kg de amêndoas secas ha-1. A floração ocorreu de forma gregária em períodos trimestrais. Não foi observado efeito negativo da umidade relativa do ar e da temperatura no crescimento, polinização e frutificação do cacaueiro.
Propagation of rooted cutting of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) and planting in the semi-arid of the state of Bahia were studied. The results permit to conclude that there is an interaction between clones and cuttings harvest period, being January and February the best months. Planting was done on March 2003 under temporary shade of prata anã (dwarf silver) banana variety at the same planting spacing used with cocoa. Water was provided by a drip irrigation system and nutrients by fertirrigation. The other management practices were adapted considering the region edaphoclimatic conditions. The evaluations were quarterly measuring: plant height and diameter, flowering, flushing and fruiting. Of the found results is worth noting the growth, vigor, average production of 90 kg ha-1 of dry beans at 21 months, with remark to PH 16 with 110 kg ha-1 of dry beans. Flowering occurred in a gregarious form in quarterly periods. It was not observed negative effects of air relative humidity and temperature on growth, pollination and fruiting of the cocoa plant.

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Albertino, Sônia Maria Figueiredo. "Adubação, níveis crescentes de irradiância nas plantas matrizes e uso do aib nas estacas para o enraizamento de cultivares de guaranazeiro (paullinia cupana, var. sorbilis, (mart.) ducke)." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2011. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/3049.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas
Although guarana (Paullinia cupana var. Sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke) is a culture of great interest to the Amazon region, its productivity is still low. The availability of plant material that is genetically uniform, precocious and productive is the key for expanding and improving the culture in the region. To achieve this, it is recommended to do vegetative propagation, although some cultivars have rooting problems. This study aimed to evaluate the rooting of guarana from fertilized and unfertilized plants submitted to increasing levels of irradiance, with and without application of IBA. It also aimed to correlate the reserves of the branches and cuttings with rooting characteristics. The design was completely randomized in factorial arrangement of 6x4x2x2. The factors studied were the following: (i) five cultivars and one genotype of guarana, (ii) four levels of irradiance, (iii) with and without fertilization and (iv) application of IBA or not. The experimental unit contained 10 cuttings with four repetitions. The mother plants received or did not received fertilizer in the field for ten years and were subjected to increasing levels of irradiance for 60 days. The cuttings were taken from these plants and remained in the nursery for 120 days for rooting. After this period we evaluated the number of rooted cuttings with calluses and dead, root number, volume, length and dry weight of roots. The carbohydrate content was determined from the branches and rooted cuttings at the time of the dismantling of the research. The rooting of cuttings was higher for the fertilization treatment for BRS-Maues, CMU-CG 381 and BRS 882. The reduction of irradiance on the mother plant favored rooting. The highest percentage of rooting and lower mortality were obtained from cuttings without IBA treatment, independently of cultivar. The cv. BRS-Maués showed the highest rooting potential, while BRS-CG882 had the lowest rooting. BRS-Maués was more efficient in accumulating starch than the BRS- 882 CG and the rooting potential of both cultivars was positively correlated with the starch accumulated in each one. Regarding the total soluble sugars in the branches, there was no correlation for BRS-882 CG. For BRS-Maués the correlation was negative in relation to rooting of these twocultivars.
guaranazeiro (Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke) é uma cultura de grande interesse para a região Amazônica, mas sua produtividade é ainda baixa. A disponibilidade de material vegetal geneticamente uniforme, precoce e produtivo é fundamental para a expansão e melhoria da cultura na região. Para isso, recomenda-se a propagação vegetativa, no entanto algumas cultivares apresentam problemas de enraizamento. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o enraizamento de estacas de guaranazeiro provenientes de plantas adubadas e não adubadas, submetidas à níveis crescentes de irradiância, com e sem aplicação de AIB e, correlacionar as reservas dos ramos e das estacas com as características de enraizamento. O delineamento adotado foi inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial de 6x4x2x2. Os fatores estudados foram: cinco cultivares e um genótipo de guaranazeiro, quatro níveis de irradiância, presença e ausência de adubação e aplicação ou não de AIB. A unidade experimental continha 10 estacas com 4 repetições. As plantas matrizes receberam ou não adubação, no campo, durante dez anos e foram submetidas a níveis crescentes de irradiância por 60 dias. As estacas foram retiradas dessas plantas e permaneceram em viveiro por 120 dias para enraizamento. Após este período foram avaliados o número de estacas enraizadas, com calos e mortas, número de raiz, volume, comprimento e peso da matéria seca das raízes. Os teores de carboidratos foram determinados nos ramos e nas estacas enraizadas no momento do desmonte da pesquisa. O enraizamento das estacas foi maior no tratamento com adubação para as cultivares BRS-Maués, CMU 381 e BRS-CG 882. A redução da irradiância sobre as plantas matrizes favoreceu o enraizamento. O maior percentual de enraizamento e o menor de mortalidade das estacas foram obtidos no tratamento sem AIB, independente, da cultivar. A cv. BRS-Maués expressou o maior potencial de enraizamento, enquanto BRS-CG882 apresentou o menor enraizamento de estacas. BRS-Maués foi mais eficiente em acumular amido que a BRS-CG 882 e o potencial de enraizamento das duas cultivares apresentou correlação positiva com o teor de amido acumulado em cada uma. Quanto aos açúcares solúveis totais nos ramos, para BRS-CG 882 não houve correlação e para BRS-Maués foi negativa em relação ao enraizamento dessas duas cultivares. Palavras-chave: Propagação vegetativa, estaquia, sombreamento, fitohormônio, carboidratos.

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Pita, Júnior José Luiz. "Propagação do rambutanzeiro (Nephelium lapacceum L.) /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96881.

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Orientador: Antonio Baldo Geraldo Martins
Banca: Carlos Ruggiero
Banca: Simone Rodrigues da Silva
Resumo: O rambutan é uma frutífera tropical pertencente à família Sapindaceae, com origem no Sudeste Asiático, especialmente Malásia. No Brasil, o cultivo está em expansão e distribuído em diferentes estados e com plantas de origem seminífera, gerando pomares desuniformes e início de produção tardio. Com a propagação vegetativa é possível antecipar a fase produtiva, e também corrigir o problema de plantas masculinas. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a enxertia em fenda cheia ao longo do ano e, a influência da aplicação de AIB em três diferentes formas no enraizamento de estacas do rambutan. A enxertia foi conduzida de set/2008 à ago/2010 no ripado de fruticultura da FCAV/Unesp, no município de Jaboticabal/SP, local onde também realizou-se a estaquia em jan/2010. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com 10 plantas/parcela na enxertia e 10 estacas/parcela na estaquia e 4 repetições em ambos experimentos. Para a enxertia as avaliações foram: porcentagem de pegamento mensal e por época, número e altura das brotações emitidas por enxerto e número de folíolos dos enxertos, e para a estaquia foram: porcentagem de sobrevivência, calejamento, pegamento e número e comprimento médio de raízes. Com os resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que o agosto e novembro são os meses mais adequados para o pegamento da enxertia do rambutan. Agosto é o melhor mês do ano para o desenvolvimento das brotações e folíolos dos enxertos. A melhor época do ano para a realização da enxertia é a primavera. A forma de aplicação de AIB e suas respectivas doses não influenciam nenhuma das variáveis analisadas
Abstract: The rambutan is a tropical fruit belonging to the Sapindaceae family, which originated in Southeast Asia, especially Malaysia. In Brazil, the cultivation is expanding and distributed in different states and with plant material seminiferous generating non uniform orchards and production starting late. With vegetative propagation is possible to anticipate the productive phase, and also fix the problem of male plants. This study aimed to evaluate the cleft grafting during the year, and the influence of IBA application in three different ways on the rooting of the rambutan. The grafting was conducted in Sep/2008 ago/2010 ripped the fruit of FCAV / UNESP in Jaboticabal / SP, which is also where the cutting took place in Jan/2010. The design was completely randomized, with 10 plants per plot of grafting and 10 cuttings per plot in the cutting and 4 replications in both experiments. For grafting were evaluated: successful rate per month and season, number and height of emitted buds per stock and leaflet number of grafts, and the cuttings were: percentage of survival, callus, and fixation number and average length of roots . With these results we can conclude that the August and November are the months most suitable for the fixation of the grafted rambutan. August is the best month of the year for the development of shoots and leaves of the grafts. The best season for grafting is spring. The form of application of IBA and their doses do not influence any of the variables
Mestre

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Lucho, Simone Ribeiro. "PROPAGAÇÃO IN VITRO E EX VITRO DE Symplocos uniflora (POHL.) BENTH. (SYMPLOCACEAE)." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4871.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The Symplocos uniflora species is a native tree that reaches up to 10m tall, belonging to the Symplocaceae family. It is popularly known as pau-de-canga, maria-mole-do-banhado and sete-sangria. Virtually, there is no information in the literature on reproduction, growth and development of this species, whose studies of forms of propagation is essential. Thus, the present study intended to examine the sexual and vegetative propagation of the species S. uniflora through protocols for seed germination and micropropagation. Fruit and vegetative material of adult plants from the Botanical Garden of UFSM were collected. The fruits without pulp, containing the seeds were used to evaluate the effect of temperature, storage time, light, collection time, the application of chemical and mechanical scarification, besides the use of gibberellic acid on seed germination of S. uniflora. Plants grown in a greenhouse were used as donor explants (nodal and apical segment) in order to obtain the direct organogenesis. In the study, MS medium and different combinations of auxin naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and cytokinin 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) were used. The presence of light is essential for the germination of Symplocos uniflora, being classified as positive photoblastic preferred. The use of pre-germination treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid is favorable for overcoming seed dormancy. Of the substrates analyzed, the filter paper showed the best germination percentages and speed of germination. Plantmax® substrate offered the highest length of air shoots. In micropropagation, the average percentage of air shoots was 29% with no occurrence of root formation.
Symplocos uniflora (Symplocaceae) é uma árvore que atinge até 10 m de altura, nativa e conhecida popularmente como pau-de-canga, maria-mole-do-banhado e sete-sangria. O trabalho visou estudar a propagação sexuada e vegetativa da espécie, através de protocolos para a germinação de sementes e micropropagação. Endocarpos concrescidos com as sementes (diásporos) foram utilizados para estudos da germinação das sementes avaliando temperatura de armazenamento (10 e 25ºC), temperaturas de incubação (15, 20, 25 e 30ºC), regimes de luz (fotoperíodo de 16 horas e escuro contínuo), época de coleta dos frutos (janeiro e março de 2013), escarificação química (ácido sulfúrico concentrado por 10 minutos), escarificação mecânica (desponte do endocarpo) e ácido giberélico (GA3), 1,5 m L-1. Plantas cultivadas em casa de vegetação, com 18 meses de idade, foram utilizadas como doadoras de explantes (segmento nodal e apical), visando à obtenção da organogênese direta. No estudo foi utilizado o meio MS e diferentes combinações (tratamentos) de ácido naftalenoacético (ANA) e 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP), em mg L-1: 0,0; 0,1; 0,2 e 0,4 e 0,0; 1,0; 2,0 e 4,0, respectivamente. A temperatura de 25ºC promoveu a maior porcentagem de germinação das sementes (24%). Frutos maduros apresentaram as melhores porcentagens de germinação (30%) e índice de velocidade de germinação (1,19). A presença de luz favoreceu à germinação das sementes, sendo classificadas como fotoblásticas positivas preferenciais. O tratamento pré-germinativo com ácido sulfúrico concentrado por 10 minutos promoveu a superação da dormência das sementes. Na germinação in vitro o uso de GA3 no meio de cultura propiciou os melhores índices de velocidade de germinação (0,18), não influenciando na porcentagem da mesma. No cultivo in vitro, a maior porcentagem de explantes com brotações aéreas (29%) ocorreu na combinação de 0,2 mg L-1 de ANA e 2,0 mg L-1 de BAP, sem ocorrência de formação de raízes. Os explantes utilizados e brotações obtidas in vitro apresentaram taxas de oxidação variando de 10 a 70%.

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Rafiri, Matumelo Alice. "Vegetative propagation of Pappea capensis Eckl.&Zeyh. (Jacket plum) by means of stem cuttings and air layers." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27677.

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Jacket plum [ Pappea capensis ( Eckl.&Zeyh)] belongs to the Sapindaceae or Litchi family. It is well adapted to different climatic conditions. It has been used for medicinal purposes for both animals and human beings. Due to the richness of seeds in oil, it has great potential to be selected for production of biodiesel in South Africa. Suitable vegetative propagation methods for Pappea capensis trees have not yet been investigated and sexual propagation does not produce true-to-type plants, which take many years to bear fruits. Therefore, research was carried out to identify alternative methods for vegetative propagation of Pappea capensis which could be used for rapid multiplication. Several vegetative propagation experiments were carried out with stem cuttings and air layers. Stem cuttings were collected from two mature Pappea capensis trees grown at the Experimental Farm of the University of Pretoria in the spring and autumn seasons. The cuttings were placed for rooting on the mist bed for rooting with and without Seradix® No. 2 [active ingredient, indolebutyric acid (IBA)] treatment. Other experiments followed in which the branches were girdled before making stem cutting to improve the level of any carbohydrates or available carbohydrates. Trials to investigate the rooting potential of Pappea capensis coppices, using different stem lengths, were also conducted. Rooting of Pappea capensis stem cuttings was unsuccessful. Air layers were made on the same trees where cuttings were collected. The trials were conducted in the spring and autumn seasons from 2006, 2007 and 2008. Some air layers were treated with Seradix® No. 2 and others were not treated with the auxin. High rooting percentages (100% in spring, 60% in autumn) were achieved with untreated air layers of Tree No. 1 and Tree No. 2 (80% in spring, 40% in autumn). Regardless of season, IBA and tree treatments, rooting was successful when the air layering method was used. Due to inconsistency in rooting from both vegetative methods, total phenolic compounds were extracted. The Folin-Ciaocalteau reagents method was used to extract phenolic compounds and the results were detected with Elisa reader instrument. The stem cuttings and air layers were further analysed for carbohydrates (starch and soluble sugars) with ó-toluidine reagent and ethanol and read with Spectrophotometer and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Higher levels of total phenol compounds were observed from callused (27.13 mg/g) and non rooted untreated (26.41 mg/g) stem cuttings from Tree No. 2, compared to IBA treated stem cuttings (19.90 mg/g) of callused and non rooted IBA treated stem cuttings (20.25 mg/g) of Tree No. 2. High total phenols (34.55 mg/g) in untreated air layers were also found in callused air layers of Tree No. 2 and lower amounts (22.85 mg/g) in treated air layers of the same tree. No soluble sugars were detected in stem cuttings or air layers with HPLC. Regarding starch, higher amounts were observed in stem cuttings of Tree No. 1 (18.45 mg/g) of the control and Tree No. 2 (19.82 mg/g) of IBA treated cuttings. Most of the air layers made on Tree No. 1 had higher percentages of starch, with the exception of the callused (7.41 mg/g) air layers of the control. Tree No. 2 air layers had very low amounts of starch when compared with those of Tree No. 1. The variation in rooting potential of stem cuttings and air layers led to the consideration of tree gender as a factor influencing success rates, where inflorescences were collected from the two Pappea capensis trees for two years (2007 and 2008). The microscopic investigations showed that Pappea capensis trees (Tree No. 1 and Tree No. 2) were monoecious, however, Tree No. 2 switched from monoecious to male by producing only male flowers. Based on the results of the above investigations, air layering in the spring season can be used as a (alternative) vegetative propagation method for Pappea capensis tree, but on specifically monoecious tree to obtain higher rooting percentage. However, these are preliminary trials which require further investigation.
Dissertation (MSc(Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Plant Production and Soil Science
unrestricted

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Rocha, Rúben José Rodrigues da. "Caracterização e valorização de Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav." Master's thesis, ISA, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6464.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Alimentar - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Thymbra capitata (L.) Cav., species of the Lamiaceae family, is an aromatic plant, used as medicinal plant and also on the food industry as prophylactic plant due to antifungal and antibacterial properties attributed to its essential oils. This study aimed to study and research T. capitata essencial oils, morphological descriptors for the species, seed germination and vegetative propagation in wild and cultivated populations. The influence of light and several temperature regimes in seed germination rate in different populations was accessed. The plant species seeds are indifferent to light. Most of the tested species populations had higher germination rates at the assayed temperatures (55-95%), being the most favorable for seed germination 10/20 ºC, 15 ºC, 20 ºC and 10 ºC. The maximum germination rate occurred in seeds with about 1 and half years of storage. Vegetative propagation is also a good option for this species, especially in Spring-Summer season, since the obtaining rootedness was greater than 92%. According to the statistical analysis of the selected morphological descriptors there were no significant differences among the populations studied In the quantification of the extraction of essential oils by steam distillation, a maximum efficiency of 1.7% was obtained and the analysis by GC and GC/MS showed the carvacrol as the major component (56.5 to 89.9%).

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Andrade, Miguel Wanderley de. "Fontes e doses de N, P, K e métodos de enxertia na produção de mudas de umbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa Arr. Cam.)." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2010. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/148.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of sources and doses of NPK and to evaluate the propagation by grafting for the production of vigorous seedlings of umbu tree (Spondias tuberosa Arr Cam). The experiments were conducted in greenhouse in Sousa-PB. We adopted the randomized block design in 2 x 5 factorial scheme with four replications for all experiments with macronutrients. First, we tested urea and ammonium sulfate at five rates: 0, 350, 700, 1400 e 2800 mg.dm-3 substrate. Were subsequently evaluated two sources of potassium fertilizer (potassium chloride and potassium sulfate) in five doses of K20: 0, 1800, 3600, 5400 e 7200 mg.dm-3. In the last test, we tested phosphate fertilizer (MAP) at doses of P2O5: 0; 450; 900; 1350 e 1800 mg.dm-3 substrate, and superphosphate doses of P2O5: 0; 450; 900; 1350 e 1800 mg.dm-3 substrate. In the experiment regarding the methods of grafting, we used a randomized block design with four replications in a split plot in time, standing in five installments grafting (budding, cleft graft, stub graft, whip graft and tongue graft) and the plots, the four assessment periods (intervals of 15 days for sixty days), each experimental unit consisted of 15 plants. The increase in nitrogen and potassium applied negatively influenced the survival of seedlings, shoot length, stem diameter and fresh weight of root. The response to phosphorus fertilization showed to shoot dry matter and xylopodium production in dose 1350 and 450 mg.dm-3 P2O5, respectively. The grafting methods cleft graft and whip graft had the highest number of shoots (58,5%) in plants of umbu tree
O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito de fontes e doses de NPK e avaliar a propagação por enxertia para a produção de mudas de umbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa Arr. Cam.). Os experimentos foram instalados e conduzidos em telado, em Sousa-PB. Adotou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, com quatro repetições para todos os experimentos com macronutrientes N e K. Primeiramente, foram testados: uréia e sulfato de amônio nas doses de N: 0, 350, 700, 1400 e 2800 mg.dm-3 de substrato. Posteriormente, foram avaliados fertilizantes potássicos: cloreto e sulfato de potássio, nas doses de K20: 0, 1800, 3600, 5400 e 7200 mg.dm-3 de substrato. No último ensaio, foram testados os fertilizantes fosfatados: MAP nas doses de P2O5: 0; 1100; 2200; 3300 e 4400 mg.dm-3 de substrato, e superfosfato simples nas doses de P2O5: 0; 450; 900; 1350 e 1800 mg.dm-3 de substrato. No experimento referente aos métodos de enxertia, foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo, estando nas parcelas cinco métodos de enxertia (borbulhia; garfagem no topo; garfagem lateral; inglesa simples e inglesa complicada) e nas subparcelas, os 4 períodos de avaliação (intervalos de 15 dias,durante sessenta dias), sendo cada unidade experimental constituída por 15 plantas. As doses de nitrogênio e potássio aplicadas ao solo influenciaram negativamente a sobrevivência das mudas, comprimento da parte aérea, diâmetro do caule e massa fresca da raiz. A resposta à adubação fosfatada para a matéria seca da parte aérea e do xilopódio, expressou a máxima produção nas doses 1350 e 450 mg.dm-3 de P, respectivamente. Os métodos garfagem no topo e a inglesa simples apresentaram o maior número de brotações (58,5%) em plantas de umbuzeiro

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Ferri, Juçara. "Micropropagação e desenvolvimento vegetativo de mirtilo." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2008. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2116.

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Blueberry cultivation is recent in Brazil, and the area expansion of this production is limited by the lack of quality seedlings. The in vitro propagation make possible, in little time, to produce of mass form, high quality plants. In this work, the first objective was to study some involved factors in the establishment, multiplication and rooting of blueberry rabbiteye group, seeking yield increase of the seedlings production through micropropagation. The second objective was to study some involved factors seedlings development of the Aliceblue, Climax, O Neal and Georgiagem cultivars, seeking make available to producers seedlings sufficiently developed and adapted to orchard implantation. The work was developed in 2 stages. The first stage was constituted for 4 trials micropropagation related, and consisted respectively in the in vitro establishment, multiplication of the material previously in vitro established and rooting sprout obtained in the multiplication stage. Was verified that zeatin is necessary for in vitro establishment Powderblue and Florida cultivars, be able to utilize the smaller concentration (9 μM). Cultivars Woodard, Bluebelle and Bluegem explants presented the most bud number. The most rooting percentage was obtained with 6 µM of IBA added in culture media. The basal stakes presented the most root quantity. The 6 µM concentration of growth regulator ANA provide the most root length. The second stage of this work was constituted for 2 trials vegetative establishment related. In the first trial were utilized 2 blueberry cultivars of rabbiteye group and 4 substrates tips. In the second trial were utilized 2 cultivars blueberry group and 4 substrates tips. It recommended 70% sawdust + 20% coconut fiber + 10% bovine manure mixture to the most growth aerial part, the most mass of dry matter aerial and root, and the most sprout number. For the rabbiteye group, Climax cultivar presented the most vegetative development, parallel O´Neal cultivar highbush group.
O cultivo do mirtilo no Brasil é recente, e a expansão da área de produção é limitada pela disponibilidade de mudas de qualidade. A propagação in vitro possibilita em curto espaço de tempo, produzir de forma massal, plantas sadias com alta qualidade. Neste trabalho, o primeiro objetivo foi estudar alguns dos fatores envolvidos no estabelecimento, na multiplicação e no enraizamento de cultivares de mirtilo do grupo rabbiteye , visando o aumento do rendimento na produção de mudas através da micropropagação. O segundo objetivo foi estudar alguns dos fatores relacionados ao desenvolvimento de mudas das cultivares Aliceblue, Climax, O Neal e Georgiagem, visando disponibilizar ao produtor uma muda suficientemente desenvolvida e adaptada para a implantação de pomares. O trabalho foi realizado em duas etapas. A primeira etapa foi constituída por 4 experimentos relacionados a micropropagação e consistiram respectivamente em estabelecimento, multiplicação do material já estabelecido in vitro e enraizamento de brotações obtidas na fase de multiplicação. Foi verificado que zeatina é necessária para o estabelecimento in vitro das cultivares Powderblue e Florida, podendo ser utilizada a menor concentração (9 μM). Explantes das cultivares Woodard, Bluebelle e Bluegem na posição vertical do explante apresentaram maior número de gemas. A maior porcentagem de enraizamento na cv. Climax foi obtida com a adição de 6 µM de AIB no meio de cultura. As estacas basais apresentaram maior quantidade de raiz. O fitorregulador ANA a 6 µM, proporciona maior comprimento de raiz. A segunda etapa deste trabalho constituiu-se de dois experimentos relacionados ao desenvolvimento vegetativo. No primeiro foram utilizadas 2 cultivares de mirtilo do grupo rabbiteye e 4 tipos de substratos. No segundo experimento foram utilizadas 2 cultivares de mirtilo do grupo highbush e 4 tipos de substratos. Recomenda-se a mistura 70% serragem + 20% fibra de coco + 10% esterco bovino para maior crescimento da parte aérea, maior massa da matéria seca da parte aérea e do sistema radicular e maior número de brotações. Para o grupo rabbiteye a cultivar Climax foi a que apresentou maior desenvolvimento vegetativo, paralelamente à cultivar O´Neal para o grupo highbush'.

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Ávila, Dante Trindade de. "A cultura do tungue (Aleurites fordii) no Rio Grande do Sul: caracterização de populações, propagação e desempenho agronômico." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2010. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2361.

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The tung is a temperate deciduous species of the Euphorbiaceae family that needs about 350 to 400 chilling hours to resume growth after winter. This species is cultivated in order to produce oil, which is extracted from seeds by pressing or using solvents. The results of research on this crop in Brazil are few. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate genetic variability in two tung populations in Pelotas, evaluate the yield of commercial plantations in the Serra Gaúcha region and compare methods of vegetative propagation. The observations occurred during growing season 2007/2008, 2008/2009 and 2009/2010. The populations showed variability in yield, earliness and number of female and male flowers. The average productivity of 8.232kg.ha-1 of dried fruit with the almond oil content of 47% demonstrates high oil yield, exceeding annual crops currently grown in Brazil; producing plants from seeds demands previous seed scarification; for vegetative propagation, the best method is the use of grafting cleft and cleft, with herbaceous branches.
O tungue é uma espécie de clima temperado da família Euphorbiaceae, caducifólia, que necessita cerca de 350 a 400 horas de frio para a indução floral e frutificação. A espécie é cultivada com objetivo de produzir óleo, o qual é extraído das sementes, por prensagem. Poucos são os resultados de pesquisas com esta cultura no Brasil. Portanto o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a variabilidade genética em populações de tungue em Pelotas, avaliar o rendimento de plantios comerciais na Serra Gaúcha e comparar métodos de propagação. Para tanto, foram observadas duas populações de tungue na Embrapa Clima Temperado, quatro plantios comerciais na Serra Gaúcha e realizados experimentos com sementes e enxertia. As observações ocorreram nas safras de 2007/2008, 2008/2009 e 2009/2010. Observou-se que os plantios apresentaram variabilidade nas características produtividade, precocidade e número de flores femininas e masculinas. A produtividade média foi de 8.232kg.ha-1 de fruto seco, com teor de óleo na amêndoa de 47%, o que demonstra alto rendimento de óleo, superior a culturas anuais atualmente cultivadas no Brasil; para produzir mudas via sementes necessita-se de escarificação prévia das sementes; para a propagação vegetativa o melhor método é a utilização da enxertia de garfagem do tipo fenda cheia, com ramos herbáceos.

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Jetton, Robert Miller. "Biological Control, Host Resistance, and Vegetative Propagation: Strategies and Tools for Management of the Invasive Hemlock Woolly Adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand." NCSU, 2008. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08252008-094603/.

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Biological control, host resistance, and vegetative propagation were evaluated as management strategies for the exotic pest hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) in the southeastern U.S. Biological control studies focused on the adelgid predator Sasajiscymnus tsugae Sasaji and McClure. In the laboratory, the suitability of an alternative prey species balsam woolly adelgid (BWA), Adelges piceae Ratz., for predator feeding, oviposition, immature development, and long-term survival was compared to the primary prey HWA. The BWA was found to be a suitable host to support predator feeding and development but was found to negatively influence S. tsugae survival. Field studies of S. tsugae tested the utility of multi-point, low-density, confined releases in mesh sleeve cages as an alternative to a routinely utilized single-point, high-density, free release for introducing the predator to forest and ornamental sites in Western North Carolina. The studies found that S. tsugae will reproduce inside sleeve cages and can survive for up to one month in confinement, but field establishment of the predator could not be confirmed. In the greenhouse a method for artificially inoculating hemlock seedlings with HWA and comparing levels of host resistance among hemlock species was tested. Using this method, initial infestation rates and fecundity of HWA were compared among three species of hemlock native to North America: eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), Carolina hemlock (T. caroliniana), and western hemlock (T. heterophylla). Infestations were significantly and four-fold higher on eastern hemlock compare to those on Carolina and western hemlock that did not differ. A second greenhouse trial assessed the rooting ability of softwood stem cuttings from mature specimens of eastern and Carolina hemlock. The study found that eastern hemlock cuttings rooted best with no hormone applications and at higher rates than Carolina hemlock which required very low concentrations of auxin.

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Tonin, Fábio Bechelli [UNESP]. "Propagação de Passiflora incarnata L. com o uso de estacas radiculares." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103284.

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As espécies do gênero Passiflora, assim como a P. incarnata, apresentam dificuldades quanto a propagação sexuada. Trata-se de uma espécie pouco difundida no Brasil e dificilmente são encontradas sementes para produção de mudas. Porém pode ser propagada vegetativamente, entretanto raros estudos foram realizados com este maracujá, caracterizado como planta exótica em nosso país. Existem poucas bibliografias na área agronômica até mesmo em outros países, mas alguns estudos indicam que a propagação utilizando-se estacas de raiz pode ser realizada com sucesso. Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver uma metodologia para propagação vegetativa empregando estacas radiculares de modo simples e objetivo, para ser utilizado por agricultores. Testes com produção de mudas por sementes foram conduzidos para comparativos. Foram utilizadas estacas radiculares obtidas de plantas adultas, as quais foram testadas quanto a profundidade de plantio, tamanho e diâmetro dos propágulos, disposição no plantio, diâmetro dos propágulos, tipos de substrato e efeito da temperatura. Foram avaliados a porcentagem de emissões a cada 10 dias. Aos 60 dias a porcentagem de indivíduos: com 2 pares de folhas abertas, com pelo menos 2 cm de parte aérea, com duas emissões, inviáveis. Os tratamentos estudados apresentaram diferenças significativas a 5% no teste de Tukey, apresentando melhores resultados as estacas com 2,0cm de comprimento e diâmetro maior que 0,3cm, plantados na posição horizontal em substrato orgânico, plantados a profundidade de 0,5 e 1,0cm. A temperatura de 30ºC levou vantagem sobre a temperatura de 40ºC para a formação de calos e início das brotações, entretanto outras temperaturas devem ser testadas. Mudas originadas por estacas radiculares foram transplantadas em uma mesma área com mudas provenientes de sementes para comparação de seu desempenho...
The species of the genus Passiflora, as well as P. incarnata, present difficulties as sexual propagation. It is a kind little widespread in Brazil and are hardly found seed for seedling production. It can be propagated vegetatively, however rare studies were conducted with this passion, characterized as exotic plant in our country. There are few agronomic bibliographies even in other countries, but some studies indicate that propagation using root cuttings can be performed successfully. This work aim to develop a methodology for vegetative propagation using root cuttings so simple and straightforward, to be used by farmers. Tests with production of seedlings for seed were conducted for comparative. Root cuttings were used obtained from adult plants, which were tested for planting depth, size and diameter of seedlings, planting, diameter available in propagating substrate types and effect of temperature. Have been assessed, the percentage of emissions every 10 days. To 60 days the percentage of individuals: with 2 pairs of open sheets, with at least 2 inches aboveground, two emission unviable. The treatments studied showed significant differences in the 5% test, Tukey, showing better results the stakes with 2.0cm magnification of length and diameter greater than 0.3cm, planted in horizontal position in organic substrate, deep planted 0.5 and 1.0cm magnification. The temperature of 30ºC took advantage over temperature of 40ºC for the formation of corns and beginning of shoots, however other temperatures must be tested. Seedlings caused by root cuttings were transplanted in a same area with seedlings from seeds for comparing your performance, showing similar performance in the development and productivity

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Bayrer, Theresa A. "WEAR TOLERANCE OF SEEDED AND VEGETATIVELY PROPAGATED BERMUDA GRASSES UNDER SIMULATED ATHLETIC TRAFFIC." UKnowledge, 2006. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/411.

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The use of seed-propagated bermudagrasses [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.], particularly for athletic fields, is rapidly increasing. Recently developed seeded cultivars have been bred for improved turfgrass quality (finer texture, darker green color, etc.) and for increased cold tolerance, but their ability to tolerate wear has not been investigated. This study was conducted to determine if three seeded cultivars could tolerate simulated athletic wear as well as one vegetative cultivar commonly used in Kentucky. The seeded cultivars, Riviera, Princess 77 and Yukon were planted at 24.4 and 48.8 kg PLS ha-1 and the vegetative cultivar Quickstand was sprigged at 1250 and 2500 bu ha-1 in the second week of June. Beginning at the end of August each year (in conjunction with the Kentucky high school football season), simulated wear treatments equivalent to either three, two, one or zero football games wk-1, using a Brinkman traffic simulator, were imposed. Plots were then evaluated for turfgrass quality (TQ) and percent turfgrass cover (PC) through mid-November. The possibility that precipitation amounts and timing may have been a factor is the large end of season PC means is also examined. Final PC means for each season under the highest wear treatment were mixed with Princess 77 having a statistically greater mean (Pandlt;0.0001) of 42% than any other cultivar in 2002, where the 2003 results showed Riviera to have the statistically higher (Pandlt;0.0001) mean (71%) over the other cultivars. TQ ratings were inconsistent when used as a measure of wear tolerance. Stolon fresh weights were also measured between the cultivars as an examination of morphological characteristics that could be associated with wear tolerance, but were not statistically correlated (Pandgt;0.05) to a given cultivars wear tolerance ability.

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Correia, Francisco Manuel Chagas. "Ensaio de espécies arbustivas da flora portuguesa para intervenções de engenharia natural." Master's thesis, ISA, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/6973.

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Mestrado em Arquitectura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
We present the results on the ability for vegetative propagation of Coronilla glauca L., Daphne gnidium L., Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter, Myrtus communis L., Phillyrea angustifolia L., species from the Portuguese flora, and their biotechnical traits to assess the ability of these species for soil bioengineering techniques, especially in areas not adjacent to watercourses. These species were selected from a group of candidates considered probably suitable for soil bioengineering works and that need to be tested for this suitability. These species were chosen based on the following criteria: references on their vegetative propagation ability, wide geographic distribution and adaptability to the intervention site. The tests were conducted from cuttings taken from mother plants in the Lisbon area and installed in Tapada da Ajuda (Centre for Applied Ecology "Prof. Baeta Neves", Institute of Agronomy, CEABN - ISA), Lisbon. After 3 months, the results of the cuttings were analyzed through an statistical analysis as for their root development using the software GiA Roots, to assess their biotechnical traits. Because they can combine good biotechnical features and ability to be vegetatively reproduced, we can conclude that Coronilla glauca the Dittrichia viscosa and Myrtus communis species are indicated for use in soil bioengineering interventions. The results obtained in this study allow us to provide new construction materials, - living ones - for soil bioengineering works in mainland Portugal, contributing these species to the acceleration of soil stabilization in areas particularly susceptible to erosion and where the use of riparian species may not be the appropriate choice.

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Ciriello, Eduardo 1980. "Variabilidade genética de caracteres relacionados ao enraizamento de estacas de progênies e clones de guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99792.

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Orientador: Edson Seizo Mori
Banca: Edson Seizo Mori
Banca: Léo Zimback
Banca: Mario Luiz Teixeira de Moraes
Resumo: O reflorestamento comercial de espécies nativas brasileiras, visando à produção de madeira "de Lei" para serraria e laminação, tem se intensificado nos últimos anos em diversas regiões do país. Por ser uma atividade não tradicional do setor florestal brasileiro, inexiste o conhecimento científico e a tecnologia de produção das espécies potenciais, dificultando o desenvolvimento e o crescimento da atividade no país. Dentre as espécies nativas potenciais que vêem sendo plantadas por empresas do setor florestal, o guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess.) é destaque, sendo uma espécie com ampla distribuição natural, alta adaptabilidade a diferentes condições de solo e clima e que vem apresentando ótimo desenvolvimento e adaptação aos sistemas produtivos comerciais, graças as suas excelentes características silviculturais, como boa forma, baixa mortalidade, crescimento moderadamente rápido, bom desenvolvimento em plantios homogêneos e ótima qualidade de madeira. Para se obter sucesso no estabelecimento da espécie, como alternativa a produção comercial de madeira, estudos direcionados as técnicas silviculturais de produção, desde a coleta de sementes, produção de mudas, preparo e correção do solo, plantio, nutrição, manejo integrado de pragas e doenças, desbastes e colheita, se destacam como prioridades. O desenvolvimento de um bom programa de melhoramento genético requer prioridade para a obtenção de ganhos de produtividade e rendimento no médio e longo prazo. Nesta linha de pesquisa, o estudo das técnicas de propagação vegetativa, visando abreviar etapas no melhoramento florestal e viabilizar a produção maciça de material melhorado, tem importância fundamental no sucesso do programa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The commercial reforestation using native Brazilian species, to the production of hardwood for sawmill and lamination has intensified in recent years in various regions of the country, thanks to forest enterprise initiatives and rural producers, attracted by good productive and economic potential of the activity. Due the commercial forestry of native species, are not being a traditional activity of the Brazilian forestry sector, does not have broad scientific knowledge and technology of production of the main native species potential, which hamper the development and growth of productive activity in the country. Among the native species they see potential being planted by forest sector companies, we have the Guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess.), a species with extent natural distribution and high adaptability to different soil and climate conditions, and has been showing great development and adaptation to commercial production systems, due to their excellent silvicultural characteristics, such as shaft trunk form, low mortality, moderately fast growth, good development in homogeneous plantations and great quality wood. To succeed in establishing of this specie as an alternative to commercial timber production, studies directed to silvicultural techniques of production from collecting seeds, seedlings production, soil preparation, planting, nutrition, integrated pest and diseases, thinning and harvesting, stand out as priorities. Developing a good genetic improvement program requires priority to ensure the productivity and yield gain in medium and long term. This line of research, the study of vegetative propagation techniques seem to improve forestry abbreviate steps, enabling improved material mass production, has fundamentally important in the success of improvement program. Aiming to assess the genetic variability... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre

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Sodré, George Andrade [UNESP]. "Substratos e estaquia na produção de mudas de cacaueiro." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105284.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Funep
O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi preparar substratos com base orgânica formada de composto do tegumento da amêndoa do cacau CTAC e serragens, misturados à areia, e utilizá-los na produção de mudas de cacaueiro por miniestaquia. Dessa forma, realizaram-se cinco experimentos. Inicialmente foram determinados modelos para retenção de água usando os métodos do funil de tensão e força centrífuga em equivalente de umidade e conclusão de que a centrifugação expressa valores da retenção de água próximos ou iguais àqueles encontrados com o funil. Em outro experimento sobre monitoramento químico verificou-se que a serragem pode ser usada sem pré-lavagem enquanto o CTAC depende desta prática. Ao comparar o crescimento de miniestacas com 4 e 8 cm de comprimento, enraizadas em meio arenoso e transplantadas para sacos de polietileno de 3,4 dm3, verificou-se não haver diferenças significativas entre os comprimentos testados. Outro trabalho cujo objetivo foi verificar a influência de substratos no enraizamento dos clones CCN-51, Cepec-2006, TSA -792 e TSH-1188, usando miniestacas de 4 a 6 cm de comprimento, concluiu que a serragem para o clone TSA -792 e a mistura serragem + CTAC para Cepec-2006 foram superiores ao TSH -1188 para a massa da matéria seca da parte aérea. Finalmente, realizou-se trabalho de caracterização física e avaliação do efeito de substratos à base de serragem e dois recipientes no crescimento de mudas de cacaueiro, no qual verificou-se que o transplante para sacos de 840 cm3 possibilitou maior crescimento das plantas comparado à manutenção em tubetes de 288 cm3 e que a serragem do município de Una-BA, misturada na proporção serragem: areia em 4:1 e 2:1 (v:v), pode ser recomendada para produção de mudas do clone TSH 1188.
The objective of this work was to prepare substrates with an organic base formed from composted cacao hulls (CTAC), and sawdust mixed with sand and to use these in the production of cacao saplings from mini-cuttings. Five experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, water retention curves were determined for the substrates using two methods, tension funnels and centrifugation by moisture equivalent method. It was found that centrifugation exhibits retention water values close to or equal to those determined by the funnel method. The following experiment on the chemical properties of substrates verified that sawdust could be used without pre-washing whereas CTAC required rinsing. The comparison of the growth of mini-cuttings of 4 and 8 cm lengths rooted in a sandy medium and transplanted into polyethylene bags of 3.4 dm3 showed no significant differences between the two lengths tested. Other experiment whose aim was to verify the influence of substrates on the rooting of clones CCN-51, Cepec 2006, TSA 792 and TSH 1188, concluded that sawdust for clone TSA 792, and a mixture of sawdust and CTAC for clone Cepec 2006, performed better than TSH 1188 in terms of aboveground dry biomass production. The last work on the physical characterization and the evaluation of the effect of substrates and containers on the growth of the cuttings showed that transplanting into bags of 840 cm3 enabled greater growth compared to tubettes of 288 cm3. Furthermore, the sawdust derived from the Una-BA district mixed in pure sand at a ratio 4:1 and 2:1 (v:v) could be recommended for the production of cuttings of the clone TSH 1188.

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Sodré, George Andrade. "Substratos e estaquia na produção de mudas de cacaueiro /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105284.

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Orientador: José Eduardo Corá
Banca: Antonio Baldo Geraldo Martins
Banca: Carlos Ruggiero
Banca: Paulo Cesar Lima Marrocos
Banca: Carolina Fernandes
Resumo: O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi preparar substratos com base orgânica formada de composto do tegumento da amêndoa do cacau CTAC e serragens, misturados à areia, e utilizá-los na produção de mudas de cacaueiro por miniestaquia. Dessa forma, realizaram-se cinco experimentos. Inicialmente foram determinados modelos para retenção de água usando os métodos do funil de tensão e força centrífuga em equivalente de umidade e conclusão de que a centrifugação expressa valores da retenção de água próximos ou iguais àqueles encontrados com o funil. Em outro experimento sobre monitoramento químico verificou-se que a serragem pode ser usada sem pré-lavagem enquanto o CTAC depende desta prática. Ao comparar o crescimento de miniestacas com 4 e 8 cm de comprimento, enraizadas em meio arenoso e transplantadas para sacos de polietileno de 3,4 dm3, verificou-se não haver diferenças significativas entre os comprimentos testados. Outro trabalho cujo objetivo foi verificar a influência de substratos no enraizamento dos clones CCN-51, Cepec-2006, TSA -792 e TSH-1188, usando miniestacas de 4 a 6 cm de comprimento, concluiu que a serragem para o clone TSA -792 e a mistura serragem + CTAC para Cepec-2006 foram superiores ao TSH -1188 para a massa da matéria seca da parte aérea. Finalmente, realizou-se trabalho de caracterização física e avaliação do efeito de substratos à base de serragem e dois recipientes no crescimento de mudas de cacaueiro, no qual verificou-se que o transplante para sacos de 840 cm3 possibilitou maior crescimento das plantas comparado à manutenção em tubetes de 288 cm3 e que a serragem do município de Una-BA, misturada na proporção serragem: areia em 4:1 e 2:1 (v:v), pode ser recomendada para produção de mudas do clone TSH 1188.
Abstract: The objective of this work was to prepare substrates with an organic base formed from composted cacao hulls (CTAC), and sawdust mixed with sand and to use these in the production of cacao saplings from mini-cuttings. Five experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, water retention curves were determined for the substrates using two methods, tension funnels and centrifugation by moisture equivalent method. It was found that centrifugation exhibits retention water values close to or equal to those determined by the funnel method. The following experiment on the chemical properties of substrates verified that sawdust could be used without pre-washing whereas CTAC required rinsing. The comparison of the growth of mini-cuttings of 4 and 8 cm lengths rooted in a sandy medium and transplanted into polyethylene bags of 3.4 dm3 showed no significant differences between the two lengths tested. Other experiment whose aim was to verify the influence of substrates on the rooting of clones CCN-51, Cepec 2006, TSA 792 and TSH 1188, concluded that sawdust for clone TSA 792, and a mixture of sawdust and CTAC for clone Cepec 2006, performed better than TSH 1188 in terms of aboveground dry biomass production. The last work on the physical characterization and the evaluation of the effect of substrates and containers on the growth of the cuttings showed that transplanting into bags of 840 cm3 enabled greater growth compared to tubettes of 288 cm3. Furthermore, the sawdust derived from the Una-BA district mixed in pure sand at a ratio 4:1 and 2:1 (v:v) could be recommended for the production of cuttings of the clone TSH 1188.
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Leite, José Basílio Vieira. "Cacaueiro : propagação por estacas caulinares e plantio no semi-árido do Estado da Bahia /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105174.

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Orientador: Antonio Baldo Geraldo Martins
Banca: Carlos Ruggiero
Banca: João Carlos de Oliveira
Banca: João Alexio Scarpare Filho
Banca: Celio Kersul do Sacramento
Resumo: Foram estudadas a propagação de estacas caulinares de cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao L.) e o plantio de cacaueiro no semi-árido do estado da Bahia. Os resultados permitiram concluir que há interação entre clone e época de coleta de estaca, sendo janeiro e fevereiro os melhores meses. O plantio foi realizado em março de 2003, sob sombreamento provisório de bananeira, da variedade prata anã nos mesmos espaçamentos utilizados para o cacaueiro. Foi realizada irrigação por gotejamento e fertirrigação. As demais técnicas de manejo foram adaptadas levando em consideração as características edafoclimáticas da região. As avaliações foram realizadas a cada três meses, considerando as variáveis: altura e diâmetro das plantas, taxa de crescimento, floração, lançamentos foliares e frutificação. Dos resultados encontrados destacam-se o crescimento, vigor e início da frutificação com 1,5 ano, produção de 90 kg de amêndoas secas ha-1 aos 21 meses, com destaque para o clone PH 16 com 110 kg de amêndoas secas ha-1. A floração ocorreu de forma "gregária" em períodos trimestrais. Não foi observado efeito negativo da umidade relativa do ar e da temperatura no crescimento, polinização e frutificação do cacaueiro.
Abstract: Propagation of rooted cutting of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) and planting in the semi-arid of the state of Bahia were studied. The results permit to conclude that there is an interaction between clones and cuttings harvest period, being January and February the best months. Planting was done on March 2003 under temporary shade of prata anã (dwarf silver) banana variety at the same planting spacing used with cocoa. Water was provided by a drip irrigation system and nutrients by fertirrigation. The other management practices were adapted considering the region edaphoclimatic conditions. The evaluations were quarterly measuring: plant height and diameter, flowering, flushing and fruiting. Of the found results is worth noting the growth, vigor, average production of 90 kg ha-1 of dry beans at 21 months, with remark to PH 16 with 110 kg ha-1 of dry beans. Flowering occurred in a "gregarious" form in quarterly periods. It was not observed negative effects of air relative humidity and temperature on growth, pollination and fruiting of the cocoa plant.
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León, Enrique Asterio Benítez. "QUALIDADE DE SEMENTES, MICROPROPAGAÇÃO, CONSERVAÇÃO IN VITRO E ISOLAMENTO DE DNA GENÔMICO DE Luehea divaricata Mart. & Zucc." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3768.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Luehea divaricata Mart. & Zucc., is a native species, found in the Atlantic Forest and Pampa biomes in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, belonging to the Malvaceae family. Considering the need for recovery and restoration of degraded areas, the demand for seeds and seedlings of native species may register significant increases, and the contribution of research studies to native species will be of great importance for both the forestry and the environmental sectors. This study aimed to research the quality of seeds, the development of methodologies for micropropagation and in vitro conservation of Luehea divaricata and isolation of genomic DNA of the species. Physiological and sanitary quality tests of seeds stored in Kraft paper inside refrigerator, in two different periods, collected from different places of its natural habitat, were conducted. The development of methodologies for micropropagation studies were divided in different experiments, testing at first, the response of cultures initiated from epicotyl, to stimuli from different sources and concentrations of cytokinin on in vitro multiplication. Afterwards, the pulse effect treatment with concentrations of IBA on the rooting ability of in vitro nodal segments cultivated in nutrient medium MS or WPM were tested both presence or absence of activated charcoal. For acclimatization of micropropagated plants, the effect of different concentrations of sucrose in the nutrient medium WPM and two kinds of commercial substrates were evaluated. The effect of the, osmotic regulator, mannitol, presence or absence sucrose, on the performance of in vitro nodal segments, aimed at in vitro conservation of germplasm was also observed. Three protocols were tested to isolate genomic DNA from young leaves, proving its efficiency and quality by spectrophotometry quantification and digestion with the Hind III restriction endonuclease. The main results show that genotypes differ both in their physiological and sanitary quality, and maintain their viability after six months of storage in a refrigerator. For in vitro multiplication of nodal segments, the addition of cytokinins to the nutrient medium is dispensable ,and when added, promote callus formation, unwanted at such stage. The rooting of nodal segments is successful in nutrient medium WPM in the absence of activated charcoal and it was found that the pulse treatment with IBA concentrations exceeding 9μM may optimize the process. The concentration of 30 g L-1 sucrose in the nutrient medium WPM is effective in develop plants capable of acclimatization using either commercial substrate Mecplant® or H-Decker®. It is possible in vitro conservation of nodal segments under minimal growth for a period of 120 days with the use of mannitol combined with sucrose concentrations of up to 15 g L-1 in the nutrient medium ½MS. The DNA isolated protocols were effective to obtain DNA concentration and quality still with the presence of proteins and polysaccharides. The results may contribute to the existing information on the in vitro propagation of Luehea divaricata, supporting breeding programs, germplasm conservation and analysis of genetic variability in natural populations.
Luehea divaricata Mart. & Zucc., é uma espécie nativa, dos Biomas Mata Atlântica e Pampa, pertence à família Malvaceae, conhecida comumente como açoita-cavalo. Considerando-se a necessidade de recuperação e restauração de áreas degradadas, a demanda crescente por sementes e mudas de espécies florestais nativas, e a contribuição de trabalhos de pesquisa com espécies nativas será de grande importância para o setor florestal e ambiental, o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade de sementes, analisar e selecionar metodologias para a micropropagação e para a conservação in vitro de Luehea divaricata e, também, para o isolamento de DNA genômico da espécie. Foram conduzidos testes de qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes conservadas em papel Kraft no interior de refrigerador, em dois períodos distintos, coletadas em diferentes pontos de ocorrência natural da espécie. No desenvolvimento de metodologias para micropropagação os estudos foram divididos em diferentes experimentos, testando-se, primeiramente, as respostas de culturas iniciadas a partir de epicótilos, aos estímulos de diferentes fontes e concentrações de citocinina na multiplicação in vitro. Na sequência, foi avaliado o efeito do tratamento pulse com concentrações de AIB sobre a capacidade de enraizamento in vitro de segmentos nodais, cultivados em meios nutritivos MS ou WPM, na presença ou ausência de carvão ativado. Na fase de aclimatização de plantas micropropagadas foram avaliados o efeito de diferentes concentrações de sacarose no meio nutritivo WPM, e, também, de dois tipos de substratos comerciais. Foi verificado adicionalmente, o efeito do regulador osmótico manitol, associado ou não à sacarose, sobre o desempenho in vitro de segmentos nodais, visando à conservação in vitro de germoplasma. Foram testados três protocolos para isolar DNA genômico a partir de folhas jovens, comprovou-se sua qualidade e eficiência, por meio de quantificação por espectrofotometria e digestão com a endonuclease de restrição Hind III. Os principais resultados obtidos demostraram que sementes de açoita-cavalo apresentam diferenças na sua qualidade fisiológica e sanitária, e mantêm a sua viabilidade após seis meses de armazenamento em refrigerador. Para a multiplicação in vitro de segmentos nodais de açoita-cavalo a adição de citocininas ao meio nutritivo e dispensável, e quando adicionadas, promovem formação de calos, indesejados nessa fase. O enraizamento in vitro de segmentos nodais é bem-sucedido em meio nutritivo WPM na ausência de carvão ativado e obteve-se que o tratamento pulse com concentrações de AIB superiores a 9μM pode otimizar o processo. A concentração 30 g L-1 de sacarose no meio nutritivo WPM é eficiente na formação de plantas passíveis de aclimatização utilizando-se substrato comercial Mecplant® ou H-Decker®. É possível a conservação in vitro de segmentos nodais de açoita-cavalo, sob condições de crescimento mínimo, pelo período de 120 dias com a utilização de manitol combinado a concentrações de sacarose de até 15 g L-1, no meio nutritivo ½MS. Os protocolos de isolamento de DNA são eficientes em obter DNA com quantidade e qualidade aceitáveis, porém, ainda com a presença de proteínas e polissacarídeos. Os resultados obtidos poderão contribuir com as informações existentes sobre a propagação in vitro de açoita-cavalo, apoiando programas de melhoramento, conservação de germoplasma e análise da variabilidade genética de populações naturais.

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Navroski, Marcio Carlos. "MULTIPLICAÇÃO in vitro DE GENÓTIPOS DE Eucalyptus dunnii MAIDEN." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8676.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Eucalyptus is a genus of great importance to the economy and production of various goods. Among the species of this genus, Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden stands out the importance, especially for the states of southern Brazil, to present a good growth and resistance to frost. However, this species presents problems for the production of seedlings by cloning, mainly due to the difficulty of rooting. The objective of this research was to assess methodologies for surface disinfection, establishment, multiplication, elongation and rooting in vitro of selected genotypes of Eucalyptus dunnii. The genetic material used in this study were collected in areas of the company Stora Enso, in the county of Alegrete - RS in commercial stands of Eucalyptus dunnii about three years old, originated from the planting of seeds. After 60 days, harvested, shoots were collected from 10 selected genotypes, which were isolated from cuttings. In the laboratory, stem segments were isolated at three positions on the cuttings: top, middle and base portion, which were evaluated in procedures for surface disinfection with sodium hypochlorite. We tested different immersion times in disinfest 1.5% and in another experiment, different concentrations of immersion for 10 minutes. Subsequently, we evaluated the performance of genotypes in in vitro establishing. During multiplication were evaluated concentrations of the growth regulators 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). At the elongation step there were two experiments, one using gibberellic acid (GA3) in varying concentrations in the presence of alpha-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and BAP, and another using only NAA and BAP. In the rooting phase two experiments were conducted, using an IBA in nutrient medium and another pulse treatment with IBA and vermiculite in a liquid medium, the rooted cuttings were acclimatized in plastic cups. As a result it was possible to establish satisfactory six genotypes, and the phenol oxidation and contamination of the main causes of non-establishment of some genotypes. In the multiplication, BAP in a concentration range between 0.25 and 0.75 mg L-1 (1.11 and 3.33 μM), positively influences the formation of buds, there is a behavior varied depending on genotype. At the elongation is also genotypic influence and the use of NAA at 0.5 mg L -1 (2.69 μM) plus BAP promotes the greatest elongation of shoots. The use of GA3 in the nutritive medium of elongation may be waived, because don t promote elongation of the shoots and cause the formation of callus. AIB added to the ½ MS nutritive medium has no effect on in vitro rooting of Eucalyptus dunnii. for the use of vermiculite associated with ½ WPM liquid nutritive medium after treatment pulse with solution of IBA promote root induction in some cuttings and may be considered in further studies.
Eucalyptus é um gênero de grande importância para a economia e produção de vários bens. Entre as espécies deste gênero, Eucalyptus dunnii Maiden destaca-se pela importância, principalmente para os estados da região sul do Brasil, por apresentar um bom crescimento e resistência as geadas. Entretanto, essa espécie apresenta problemas em relação à produção de mudas por clonagem, devido, principalmente, à dificuldade de enraizamento. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi avaliar metodologias para a desinfestação superficial, o estabelecimento, a multiplicação, o alongamento e o enraizamento in vitro de genótipos selecionados de Eucalyptus dunnii. O material genético utilizado no presente estudo foi coletado em áreas da empresa Stora Enso, localizadas no município de Alegrete - RS, em povoamentos comerciais de Eucalyptus dunnii de cerca de três anos de idade, originados do plantio de sementes. Decorridos 60 dias do abate das árvores, foram coletadas brotações de 10 genótipos selecionados, das quais foram isoladas estacas. No Laboratório, foram isolados segmentos caulinares em três posições nas estacas: ápice, porção intermediária e base, os quais foram avaliados em procedimentos de desinfestação superficial com hipoclorito de sódio. Foram testados diferentes tempos de imersão neste desinfestante a 1,5% e, em outro experimento, diferentes concentrações na imersão durante 10 minutos. Posteriormente, foi avaliado o desempenho dos genótipos no estabelecimento in vitro. Na etapa de multiplicação foram avaliadas concentrações do regulador de crescimento 6-Benzilaminopurina (BAP). Na etapa de alongamento realizaram-se dois experimentos, um utilizando ácido giberélico (GA3) em concentrações variáveis na presença de Ácido alfa-Naftaleno Acético (ANA) e BAP, e outro utilizando apenas ANA e BAP. Na fase de enraizamento foram realizados dois experimentos, um utilizando AIB no meio nutritivo e outro, com tratamento pulso de AIB e, após, plantio em copos plásticos contendo vermiculita e meio líquido, para aclimatização das estacas em sala de cultivo. Foi possível o estabelecimento in vitro satisfatório de seis genótipos, sendo a oxidação fenólica e a contaminação as principais causas do fracasso de alguns genótipos. Na multiplicação, BAP, na faixa de concentração entre 0,25 e 0,75 mg L-1 (1,11 e 3,33 μM), influencia positivamente a formação de gemas por explante, ocorrendo um comportamento variado no comprimento e número de gemas por explante conforme o genótipo. No alongamento há também influência genotípica e a utilização de ANA na concentração de 0,5 mg L -1 (2,69 μM) associada a BAP promove o maior alongamento das brotações. A utilização de GA3 no meio de alongamento pode ser dispensada, pois além de não promover o alongamento das brotações causa a formação de calos. AIB adicionado ao meio nutritivo ½ MS não tem efeito no enraizamento in vitro de microestacas de Eucalyptus dunnii. O emprego de vermiculita associado a meio nutritivo ½WPM líquido, após tratamento pulso com solução de AIB promove a indução de raiz em algumas estacas, podendo ser considerado em estudos adicionais.

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Yates, David Ira. "Latex of Sciadopitys verticillata (Thunb.) Siebold and Zuccarini: Antibiotic Properties, Phytochemistry, and Inhibition of Adventitious Rooting of Stem Cuttings." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2228.

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Sciadopitys verticillata was subjected to three propagation treatments designed to inhibit coagulation of its latex-like sap at the cut ends of the stem cuttings. Twenty-four hour soaking in water prior to rooting hormone application significantly enhanced production of adventitious roots. Old wood stem cuttings from shade-grown trees rooted at higher proportions than stem cuttings collected from sun-grown trees. Height, age, and place of origin of the source trees were not important factors in successful rooting. Antibacterial activity against some human pathogens and soil bacterial species was detected in latex application trials but the antibiotic activity was not related to the bacterial Gram reaction. The latex-like sap inhibited none of four plant pathogens tested. A suspension of the water insoluble latex-like sap of S. verticillata had a pH of 5.8. Antibacterial activity of S. verticillata sap was heat stable, which indicates the activity was not protein-based.

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Brock, Justin Alan. "Rooting stem cuttings of shantung maple (Acer truncatum), mound layering shantung and caddo sugar maples (Acer saccharum), and using Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) as a substrate component in stem cutting propagation." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17575.

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Master of Science
Department of Horticulture, Forestry, and Recreation Resources
Jason J. Griffin
Heat and drought tolerance make shantung maple (Acer truncatum) and caddo sugar maple (A. saccharum) good candidates for midwestern landscapes. Improving cutting propagation or mound layering techniques could increase the availability of these species. The influence of time of year, cutting position, and auxin concentration, formulation, and solvent on rooting of stem cuttings of shantung maple was investigated. Semi-hardwood cuttings rooted best (55%). Generally, rooting percentage decreased as indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentration increased. Cutting position, auxin formulation, and solvent did not affect rooting. Mean root number and mean root length were unaffected by treatments. Results suggest semi-hardwood cuttings and low IBA concentrations [< 2500 ppm (0.25%)] promote rooting. Auxin concentration influenced rooting of caddo and shantung maple mound layered shoots. Rooting peaked at 15,000 ppm (1.5%) IBA for both caddo (71%) and shantung maples (34%). Mean root number for caddo, but not shantung, increased as IBA concentration increased. Differences in mean root length were not significant. Growers may now propagate caddo maple by mound layering. For shantung maple propagation, stem cuttings are recommended. Propagation substrates can strongly influence rooting success of stem cuttings. Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) chips (ERC) have been suggested as a propagation substrate component. This report investigated ERC as a perlite substitute in a 3 perlite: 1 sphagnum peat moss (v/v) rooting substrate. Stem cuttings of spreading euonymus (Euonymus kiautschovicus), forsythia (Forsythia x intermedia), English ivy (Hedera helix), lantana (Lantana camara), and coleus (Solenostemon scutellarioides) were rooted in substrates containing increasing concentrations of ERC hammer milled to pass a 4.8 mm (0.19 in) screen. All species rooted well (≥95%) in all substrates except forsythia which rooted poorly in all substrates (8% to 36%). ERC did not affect mean root number or mean root length in any species except spreading euonymus where mean root number peaked at 0% and 100% ERC content and mean root length decreased with increasing ERC content. Bulk density, container capacity, and total porosity increased as ERC replaced perlite. Physical properties of all substrates were suitable for cutting propagation. ERC can effectively replace perlite in rooting substrates for many ornamental species.

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Catara, Stefania. "Conservazione e valorizzazione di germoplasma nativo della regione mediterranea. Caratterizzazione morfo-ecologica di specie della flora sicula per usi sostenibili." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1639.

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La ricerca ha analizzato il germoplasma di 150 piante vascolari della flora sicula (79 generi, 33 famiglie), raccolto in diversi territori e habitat siciliani - Isole Eolie ed Egadi incluse nel corso di un triennio. Sono state studiate numerose specie ad ampia distribuzione (Arbutus unedo, Coronilla valentina, Emerus major, Erica arborea, E. multiflora, Lomelosia cretica, Lonicera implexa, Myrtus communis, Pistacia lentiscus, ecc.) come pure specie endemiche sicule quali Anthemis aetnensis, A. cupaniana, specie dei generi Centaurea, Euphorbia, Genista e Jacobaea, nonché Cytisus aeolicus e Silene hicesiae, presenti solo nelle isole Eolie e considerate a rischio. Al fine di indagare le possibilità di conservazione in-situ ed ex-situ e trarre informazioni utili per l elaborazione di protocolli specie-specifici sono stati analizzati i fattori che influenzano la germinazione dei semi, l'emergenza delle plantule e la radicazione delle talee. Il comportamento germinativo, è stato studiato su 27 taxa; i test di germinazione sono stati effettuati a diversi regimi termici e di luce. Le caratteristiche fenologiche e morfologiche delle specie selezionate, a diversi stadi di crescita, sono state analizzate presso un azienda vivaistica. Su 87 specie (55 generi, 24 famiglie) sono stati effettuati test di emergenza, mentre 72 specie (45 generi, 20 famiglie) sono state oggetto di prove di propagazione per talea. Il 62% delle accessioni ha mostrato un alto tasso di germinazione e di emergenza (80-100%), come Centaurea aeolica, Erysimum etnense, E. bonannianum, Euphorbia dendroides, E. rigida, Iberis semperflorens, Ptilostemon greuteri, Silene fruticosa, S. hicesiae, mentre in altre sono stati riscontrati valori di minore interesse (es. Capparis spinosa subsp. spinosa var. canescens). Anthemis maritima, Centaurea aeolica, C. busambarensis, Lomelosia cretica, Pallenis maritima, Teucrium flavum, T. fruticans e specie dei generi Helichrysum e Jacobaea hanno mostrato una buona attitudine alla propagazione per talea erbacea. 20 specie autoctone esprimono interessanti caratteri ornamentali, come Achillea maritima, Cerastium tomentosum, Iberis semperflorens, Lomelosia cretica, Pallenis maritima, Pseudoscabiosa limonifolia, Ptilostemon greuteri, Silene fruticosa, Teucrium flavum e alcuni taxa appartenenti ai generi Anthemis, Centaurea, Dianthus, Euphorbia, Helichrysum e Jacobaea. Dal complesso delle specie indagate emergono possibili applicazioni per usi e/o riusi polivalenti e sostenibili.

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Torres, César Almeida. "A propagação vegetativa de plantas ornamentais na empresa Novo Sol Plantas: uma análise crítica de situações técnicas que condicionam o processo produtivo." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15995.

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O autor deste Relatório, César José Vendinha Almeida Torres, formou-se em Engenharia Agrícola, ramo cientifico-tecnológico na Universidade de Évora em 2006. Em 2003 realizou em Évora, na herdade do Tojal, um “estágio” no âmbito do “Trabalho De Fim De Curso” com o tema “O efeito da sementeira directa sobre o escorrimento e a produção de sedimentos numa cultura de milho regada por rampa rotativa” o qual deu ainda origem a um seminário na Universidade de Évora em 2004 e a um artigo em acta de evento internacional com arbitragem científica: Silva, L.L., Marques da Silva, J.R., Pisco, A.M.V., Torres, C.J.V. (2010) No-till and Basin tillage for reducing runoff and sediment yield on centre-pivot irrigated maize in a Mediterranean soil, in Proceedings of the EurAgeng 2010 Conference “Towards Environmental Technologies”, Clermont-Ferrand, França. ISBN 13:978-2-85362-684-2 Em 2004 começou a trabalhar na empresa Novo Sol Plantas, situada no conselho de Montijo e integrada no grupo multinacional Ball. A sua função na empresa é dirigir o sector de propagação vegetativa e endurecimento de todas as plantas com raiz. É responsável por controlar todos os Factores Ambientais (Temperatura, humidade relativa, ventilação, fotoperíodo e insolação); Fertirrigação (quantidade, frequência, nutrição, afinação e manutenção), Factores Nutritivos (equilíbrios nutricionais) e de qualidade (Reguladores de crescimento, carências, fototoxicidades, etc.). É também responsável pela gestão do espaço nos viveiros e endurecimentos, dimensionamento e controlo produtivo da mão-de-obra, aquisição e gestão dos stocks de factores de produção (tabuleiros, substratos, vasos). A Novo Sol Plantas dedica-se à propagação vegetativa por estacaria de um grande número de plantas ornamentais, de onde se destacam fúchsias, verbenas e Polygala myrtifolia. A Polygala myrtifolia é uma arbustiva cujo sucesso de enraizamento é baixo. Assim, um dos temas deste relatório é a tentativa de melhorar o sucesso do enraizamento por estaca desta espécie. Foram feitos ensaios onde se variou o tipo de estaca usada e a concentração de AIB (Acido Indol Butirico) no enraizamento. Foram obtidos melhores resultados com estacas vegetativas provenientes de crescimentos apicais algum tempo após manutenção das plantas mãe. Em relação ao IBA, 0,5% foi a concentração que originou melhores enraizamentos. O segundo tema a ser desenvolvido neste relatório, prende-se com a produção de plantas com entre-nos curtos, de modo a que a planta fique compacta e dê posteriormente origem a um vaso compacto com uma forma “redonda” com muitas flores. Uma das técnicas mais utilizadas é a aplicação de reguladores de crescimento (PGR – Plant Growth Retardant). Trata-se de produtos em que, pequenas variações na concentração utilizada e na forma de aplicação, podem ser catastróficas, levando frequentemente a resultados muito diferentes dos esperados. Para cada espécie, a dose certa, a forma de aplicação e o tempo em que esta deve ser feita, são críticos para o sucesso da técnica. É a experiência obtida no manuseamento deste tipo de produtos que aqui se relatará; ABSTRACT:This report’s author, César José Vendinha Almeida Torres graduated in Agricultural Engineering, at the University of Évora in 2006. In 2003 he started in Évora, (Tojal farm), an experimental work on the subject "The effect of direct seeding on runoff and sediment lost in a corn crop irrigated by center pivot" which also gave rise to a seminar at the University of Évora in 2004 and a peer review article resulting from a communication in an international event: Silva, L.L., Marques da Silva, J.R., Pisco, A.M.V., Torres, C.J.V. (2010) No-till and Basin tillage for reducing runoff and sediment yield on centre-pivot irrigated maize in a Mediterranean soil, in Proceedings of the EurAgeng 2010 Conference “Towards Environmental Technologies”, Clermont-Ferrand, France. ISBN 13:978-2-85362-684-2 In 2004 he starts working in the company Novo Sol Plantas in Montijo’s region and integrated into the multinational group Ball. His job in the company is to manage the vegetative propagation sector and the hardening sector of all rooted plants. He must control all the environmental factors (temperature, moisture, ventilation, photoperiod and insolation); Irrigation (quantity, frequency, feed, calibration and maintenance), Nutritional factors (nutritional balances) and quality (growth regulators, feed needs, toxicities, etc.). He is also responsible for managing the space in the nursery, sizing and productivity control of labor, acquisition and management of stocks of inputs (tray’s, substrates, pots) The Novo Sol Plantas main core business is the vegetative propagation by cuttings of a large number of ornamental plants, from which highlights species like fuchsias, verbenas and Polygala myrtifolia. Polygala myrtifolia is a shrub whose rooting success by cuttings is low. So, one of this report topics is an attempt to improve the rooting success by cuttings of this specie. Tests were performed using different types of cuttings and different IBA (Indole Butyric Acid) concentrations on the rooting process. The best results were obtained with vegetative cuttings from apical growth of mother plants. Regarding IBA, 0.5% was the concentration that gave better rooting results. The other topic being developed in this report, deals with the production of plants with short inter-nodal segments. The aim is to achieve compact plants which subsequently lead to a better-shaped flower pot. One of the most widely used techniques is the application of growth regulators (PGR - Plant Growth Retardant). These are products in which small variations in the concentration used and the application method can be disastrous, leading very often to product totally different from those expected. For each species, the right dosage, the application method and also the application time schedule, are critical to the success of the technique. It is the experience achieved in handling this type of products that we report here.

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Godet, Xavier. "Biologie du colchique (colchicum autumnale l. ) : multiplication vegetative par voie traditionnelle et in vitro." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF2D189.

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Examen des cycles biologiques de la plante adulte et de la plante juvenile: les exigences thermiques, les potentialites du bourgeon vegetatif accessoire, variabilite individuelle pour la production de graines et d'alcaloides. Une methode de multiplication vegetative est recherchee: en pepiniere ou in vitro, possibilite de fragmenter les cornus; caulogenese in vitro. La possibilite d'une biosynthese d'alcaloides par des cellules de colchique cultivees in vitro est evoquee

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Rabaiolli, Silvia Machado dos Santos. "SEMENTES E MINIESTAQUIA EM Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez. E SEMENTES E MICROPROPAÇÃO EM Handroanthus chrysotrichus (MART. ex DC.) J. MATTOS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8754.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez. and Handroanthus chrysotrichus (Mart. ex DC.) J. Mattos are Brazilian native species that have great economic importance, ecological, silvicultural and ornamental. However, there is loss of viability of the seeds after collection, and usually the germination decreases sharply after storage. As a result, studies are needed that allow better understand the nature of these species, to obtain good quality seedlings, with conditions to resist adverse conditions, survive and grow at a level compatible with the expected economically. Thus, the general objective of this study was to evaluate methodologies that can contribute to the propagation of N. megapotamica and H. chrysotrichus. In N. megapotamica were evaluated the physical, physiological and sanitary quality of a seed lot, assessing different culture media, and analyzing the ex vitro rooting of shoots of N. megapotamica exposed to different concentrations of IBA, through minicutting. In H. chrysotrichus were conducted in physiological and health quality tests from two different seed lots, stored in a refrigerator at different ages. For multiplication, different antioxidants were tested (Polyvinylpyrrolidone PVP and activated charcoal) in the control of phenolic oxidation in nodal segments. For rooting in vitro micropropagated shoots were subjected to treatments which have been tested in media containing vermiculite in the presence or absence of agar, and the acclimatization of the plants produced. The results indicated that the seeds of N. megapotamica showed variations as biometric aspects, high humidity and association with microorganisms. For rooting, it was possible to promote the rooting of cuttings in solution of 1000 mg L-1 IBA, 60 days in a greenhouse, however this evaluation was not enough and additional studies will be conducted. As for H. chrysotrichus was observed that the seeds differ in their physiological and sanitary quality, and lose their viability after storage in a refrigerator. The antioxidant activated charcoal was more effective on the control of phenolic oxidation in nodal segments of H. chrysotrichus. The medium ½WPM with vermiculite, in the absence of agar favored the in vitro rooting of shoots and seedlings performed well during acclimatization.
Nectandra megapotamica (Spreng.) Mez. e Handroanthus chrysotrichus (Mart. ex DC.) J. Mattos são espécies florestais nativas brasileiras que possuem grande importância econômica, ecológica, silvicultural e ornamental. No entanto, em N. megapotamica ocorre perda da viabilidade de suas sementes após a coleta, e em H. chrysotrichus geralmente o poder germinativo das sementes decresce acentuadamente após o armazenamento. Em decorrência disso, são necessários estudos que permitam conhecer melhor as características dessas espécies, para obtenção de mudas de boa qualidade, com condições de resistir à condições adversas, sobreviver e crescer em um nível compatível com o economicamente esperado. Desta maneira, o objetivo geral do presente estudo foi avaliar metodologias que possam contribuir para a propagação vegetativa de N. megapotamica e H. chrysotrichus. Para N. megapotamica foram avaliados aspectos da qualidade física, fisiológica e sanitária de um lote de sementes, avaliando diferentes meios de cultivo, além de analisar a rizogênese ex vitro de brotações de N. megapotamica expostas a diferentes concentrações de AIB, por meio da técnica de miniestaquia. Em H. chrysotrichus foram conduzidos testes de qualidade fisiológica e sanitária de sementes de dois lotes diferentes, armazenadas em refrigerador, em dois períodos distintos. Para a multiplicação, foram testados diferentes antioxidantes (Polivinilpirrolidona ou carvão ativado) no controle da oxidação fenólica em segmentos nodais. Para a rizogênese in vitro, brotações micropropagadas foram submetidas a tratamentos em que foram testados meios nutritivos com vermiculita, na presença ou ausência de ágar, bem como a aclimatização ex vitro das mudas produzidas. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que as sementes de N. megapotamica possuem variações quanto aos aspectos biométricos, alto grau de umidade e associação com microrganismos. Para a rizogênese em brotações via miniestaquia, foi possível promover o enraizamento das miniestacas submetidas à imersão em solução contendo 1000 mg L-1 de AIB, aos 60 dias em casa de vegetação, no entanto esse período de avaliação não foi suficiente e estudos adicionais devem ser realizados. Já para H. chrysotrichus observou-se que as sementes apresentam diferenças na sua qualidade fisiológica e sanitária, e perdem a sua viabilidade após armazenamento em refrigerador. O antioxidante carvão ativado mostrou-se mais eficiente em promover o controle da oxidação fenólica em segmentos nodais de H. chrysotrichus. O enraizamento in vitro das brotações foi bem-sucedido em meio ½WPM, com vermiculita, na ausência de ágar e as mudas apresentaram bom desempenho durante a aclimatização.

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Souza, Patrícia Fukushima de. "Avaliação, resgate, multiplicação e enraizamento de espécies/híbridos de Eucalyptus spp." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2017. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/2343.

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FAPESC
Eucalyptus species are widely used in the establishment of industrial forests in Brazil and have been achieving quality and productivity gains through genetic improvement and forest management techniques. Companies use cloning to achieve greater homogeneity and quality of forests. The selection of species is an efficient method to increase the forest productivity, being, the cutting, one of the most used techniques of vegetative propagation for selected trees of the genus Eucalyptus. In this context, the general objective of the study was to select, retrieve and multiply the genetic material of the best species / hybrids of Eucalyptus spp. for the purpose of vegetative propagation techniques. The establishment of Eucalyptus spp. of the study is located in the county of Mafra, SC. The plant was planted in December 1998. The species and hybrids present in the experimental area are E. saligna, E. dunnii, E. pelita, E tereticornis, E. viminallis x saligna, E. grandis x urophila, E. dunnii x grandis, E. robusta x grandis and E. urophila x grandis. For selection of the best species / hybrids, individuals were evaluated for survival, height, diameter at breast height and volume. For the vegetative material rescue experiment, the annealing and semi - casting rescue techniques were applied, the individuals were evaluated according to the number of shoots. For the rooting, the species / hybrids, different concentrations of IBA and the type of substrate were evaluated. The species and the hybrids potencies in relation to the quantitative variables, as well as in the ranking were E. dunnii, E. dunnii x E. grandis and E. viminalis x saligna. Among the vegetative rescue methods tested, the annealing presented better results, annealing presented better results for the species E. saligna, while the semi-basement for the hybrid E. robusta x E. grandis.The best percentage of rooting for the substrate was with the substrate 3. There was no root formation using different concentrations of IBA. The best percentage of rooting for the substrate was with the use of substrate 3. For E. pellita and E. viminalis x saligna hybrids, the highest percentage was obtained with the use of 1500 mg L-1. However, for E. dunnii x grandis it is not necessary to use IBA
As espécies do gênero Eucalyptus são amplamente utilizadas no estabelecimento de florestas industriais no Brasil e vêm conquistando ganhos de qualidade e produtividade por meio das técnicas de melhoramento genético e manejo florestal. As empresas usam a clonagem para obter maior homogeneidade e qualidade das florestas. A seleção de espécies é um método eficiente de aumentar a produtividade florestal, sendo, a estaquia, uma das técnicas mais utilizadas de propagação vegetativa para árvores selecionadas do gênero Eucalyptus. Nesse contexto, o objetivo geral do estudo foi selecionar, resgatar e multiplicar o material genético dos melhores de Eucalyptus spp., para fins das técnicas de propagação vegetativa. O povoamento de Eucalyptus spp. do estudo está localizada no município de Mafra, SC. O talhão foi plantado em dezembro de 1998. As espécies e híbridos presentes na área experimental são E. saligna, E. dunnii, E. pelita, E tereticornis, E. viminallis x saligna, E. grandis x urophila, E. dunnii x grandis, E. robusta x grandis e E. urophila x grandis. Para seleção dos melhores, os indivíduos foram avaliados quanto à sobrevivência, altura, diâmetro à altura do peito e volume. Para o experimento de resgate de material vegetativo foram aplicadas as técnicas de resgate anelamento e semianelamento, sendo que os indivíduos foram avaliados de acordo com o número de brotações. Para o enraizamento, foram avaliados diferentes concentrações de AIB e tipo de substrato. As espécie e os híbridos com potencial em relação as variáveis quantitativa foram E. dunnii, E. dunnii x E. grandis, E. viminalis x saligna. Dentre os métodos de resgate vegetativo testados, o anelamento apresentou melhores resultados para a espécie E. saligna, enquanto que o semianelamento para o híbrido E. robusta x E. grandis. A melhor porcentagem de enraizamento quanto ao substrato, foi com a utilização do substrato 3. Não houve formação de raízes utilizando diferentes concentrações de AIB. Para sobrevivência as espécies E. pellita e o híbrido E. viminalis x saligna a maior porcentagem foi obtida com a utilização de 1500 mg L-1, já para E. dunnii x grandis não se faz necessário o uso de AIB

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Torres, Ana Gabriela Montan. "Relação entre sazonalidade, desrama e carboidratos no crescimento do eucalipto na propagação vegetativa por miniestaquia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-09122003-105826/.

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A importância do Eucalyptus na conjuntura atual da silvicultura brasileira tem incitado significativos investimentos em pesquisa, o que tem proporcionado o desenvolvimento da propagação vegetativa. A propagação vegetativa de Eucalyptus spp permite a rápida multiplicação de genótipos selecionados, alcançar altos ganhos mesmo com características de baixa herdabilidade (como por exemplo: crescimento e conteúdo de celulose), aumento imediato de produtividade, além de apresentar sucesso com a aplicação de técnicas de estaquia. Existem evidências da existência da correlação entre a concentração de carboidratos, enraizamento de estacas e sobrevivência das mudas. Apesar de não possuírem função reguladora no enraizamento, os carboidratos são fontes de energia e de carbono para a síntese de substâncias essenciais para formação do corpo da planta. O manejo silvicultural e ambiental do minijardim podem alterar as concentrações de carboidratos na planta, portanto, o manejo possibilita alterações no teor endógeno dos açúcares, resultando em ganhos na sobrevivência das mudas jovens. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida no viveiro da Aracruz Celulose S. A., que é a maior produtora de mudas de clones de eucalipto, localizada no município de Aracruz, Estado do Espírito Santo, Sudeste do Brasil. A empresa é também a maior produtora de celulose branqueada de fibra curta de eucalipto. Foram avaliados diversos parâmetros biométricos e bioquímicos de miniestacas de dois clones da empresa, em duas épocas sazonais (inverno e verão), coletados em três periodicidades de coleta. Os parâmetros biométricos avaliados foram: percentual médio de sobrevivência, biomassa seca e produtividade. Bioquimicamente, foram caracterizados e quantificados os teores de carboidratos através do método de hidrólise ácida e cromatografia (HPAE-PAD e GC-MS). Através do Teste t de comparação de médias a 95% de confiança, não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas significativas entre as condições testadas. Entretanto, pela análise por componentes principais (PCA), comprovou-se que, biologicamente essas diferenças ocorrem e que existem uma época sazonal e periodicidade de coleta ótimas para cada clone, estando também relacionadas ao teor endógeno de carboidratos. Avaliando-se o feito da sazonalidade nos teores de açúcares para os dois clones, observou-se um aumento de 9.10% no verão em relação ao inverno. O ganho em açúcares propiciou um incremento de 138.00% e 143.00% em biomassa; em termos de sobrevivência ocorreram ganhos de 2.60% e 1.69% e, em termos de número de estacas produzidas/cepa os ganhos foram de 212.80% e 145.48%, para os clones A e B, respectivamente. De forma geral, para todos os parâmetros avaliados, a estação verão é a mais indicada para coleta de estacas, uma vez que se trata da estação mais produtiva. Em termos de periodicidade de coleta, para todos os parâmetros avaliados, a coleta a cada 9 dias mostrou-se a mais indicada.
The importance of the Eucalyptus in the current conjuncture of Brazilian forestry has stirred up significant investments in research, which has leaded to the development of the improved methods of vegetative propagation. The clonal propagation of Eucalyptus spp. allows the fast multiplication of selected genotypes, allowing high gains even with characteristics of low heritability (i.e., growth and cellulose content), immediate increase in productivity, in addition to success with the application of cutting techniques. There are evidences on the existence of correlation between carbohydrate concentration, rooting of cuttings and steckling survival. Although carbohydrates do not have regulatory role in the rooting process, they are an important source of carbon and energy for the synthesis of essential substances in the formation of plant body. The silvicultural and environmental management of the miniclonal garden can alter carbohydrate concentrations in the plant, thus, this management makes it possible the alteration of the endogenous content of sugars, resulting in increases of the survival of young plants. This research was carried out at the nursery of Aracruz Celulose S.A., which has the largest prodution of clonal eucalypt stecklings, located in Aracruz, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. The company is also the worldwide leader in the production of bleached eucalypt cellulose fiber. Two clones were evaluated in two seasons (winter and summer). Plants from stem cuttings were evaluated by several biometrical and biochemical parameteres. The biometrical parameters were survival rate, dry biomass and productivity. The biochemical parameteres were separation, characterization and quantification of several structural carbohydrates and their seasonal variation. It was not found significant statistical differences between the tested conditions through the t-Test for comparison of averages with 95% confidence. However, using another method of principal components analysis (PCA), it was demonstrated that are biological differences among treatments, evidencing an optimum season and periodicity of hedging of cuttings for each clone, which could be related to the endogenous content of carbohydrates. Among the main results obtained, it was observed a 9.10% increase in carbohydrates during summer in relation to winter. The gain in sugar content in the summer was 138.00% and 143.00%, respectively, for clones A and B, compared to winter. The increment in survival rate of stecklings was increased 2.60% and 1.69%, respectively, for clone A and B; also, productivity of harvested cuttings from stock plants increased 212.80% and 145.48%, respectively, clone A and B. In general, the summer is the most indicated season for collection of cuttings, for all the evaluated parameters, because it is the most productive season. In terms of periodicity of hedging of cuttings, the collection at each 9 days was shown to be the more indicated for all the evaluated parameters.

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CHOUFFOT, STRUYCKEN BARBARA. "Contribution a l'etude des capacites de multiplication vegetative du shorea curtisii dyer ex king, diphterocarpaceae de malaisie." Strasbourg 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13138.

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Surexploitee pour son bois, infeodee pour son developpement a une mycorhization, dependant d'une production de semences episodique et d'une germination aleatoire, shorea curtisii, incapable en outre de multiplication vegetative spontanee ou par les procedes traditionnels, est tres representatif des dipterocarpacees asiatiques menacees d'extinction rapide. Une mise au point d'un procede de micropropagation in vitro contribuerait a sauvegarder l'espece. L'observation, chez shorea curtisii, de galles epiphylles a organisation de bourgeon abortif suggerant une certaine aptitude des feuilles a la neoformation de meristemes caulinaires, privilegie celles-ci pour larecherche d'une methode de clonage in vitro (. . . )

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Ibanes, Bruna. "Ecologia e diversidade genética de Diospyros hispida Alph. D.C. em duas áreas de cerrado no Estado de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-17082012-083254/.

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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar a estrutura genética e demográfica de Diospyros hispida Alph. D. C., de modo a gerar informações que possibilitem ações quanto a sua conservação e manejo. Como D. hispida possui ampla distribuição no Cerrado, duas áreas com fisionomias distintas foram escolhidas: Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, Itirapina SP (EEI) e a Floresta Estadual de Assis, Assis SP (FEA), ambas administradas pelo Instituto Florestal do Estado de São Paulo, representando alguns dos últimos remanescentes de Cerrado no estado. Em ambas as localidades foram mapeados 100 indivíduos mais próximos, já que o estudo teve como uma das hipóteses verificar se a agregação dos indivíduos é devido à existência de propagação vegetativa. Para a realização do trabalho foram desenvolvidos marcadores moleculares para a espécie. Os sete marcadores revelaram a existência de 27 genetes para a população da EEI e 15 para a população da FEA, excesso de heterozigotos e significativo índice de fixação para a EEI ( f = -0,376) e FEA ( f = -0,512), mesmo quando avaliados somente os genetes de ambas as populações, o índice de fixação manteve-se negativo para a EEI( f = -0,209) e FEA ( f = -0,115). Em ambas as populações foram detectadas pequena estrutura genética espacial (EGE) nas menores classes de distância para o conjunto de genetes e rametes. Os resultados da EGE e da heterogeneidade clonal mostraram que os genótipos estão amplamente distribuídos e que os agrupamentos são formados por diferentes genótipos. Os valores da coancestria revelaram a existência de reprodução sexuada em ambas as populações, porém pode-se observar alguns indícios da propagação vegetativa. Esse resultado corrobora com diversos trabalhos que incitam a predominância da alogamia, reforçando, portanto, a importância do desenvolvimento de mais primers para a espécie. Estudos sobre o sistema reprodutivo da espécie também são importantes para elucidar essas questões, além de fornecer dados sobre agregação espacial dos indivíduos, que pode ser resultado da dispersão de sementes. A coleta de sementes visando à conservação deve ser realizada em indivíduos com genótipos diferentes. Um meio de evitar a seleção de indivíduos com alguma carga genética que venha diminuir o sucesso reprodutivo das plantas no banco de germoplasma é através da cuidadosa seleção de mudas, nesse caso devem-se excluir mudas albinas, que exibem má-formação e com crescimento lento, atentando-se em maximizar a diversidade genética e manter o tamanho efetivo mínimo para garantir que os indivíduos tenham condições de sobreviver a possíveis fatores estocásticos.
This study aimed to evaluate the genetic and demographic structure of Diospyros hispida Alph. D. C. in order to generate informations that could enable its conservation and management. Considering that D. hispida has a wide population distribution all over Cerrado, two areas with different physiognomies were chosen for studying. These places were Ecological Station Itirapina, Itirapina - SP (EEI) and Assis State Forest, Assis - SP (FEA), both managed by Forest Institute State of São Paulo, representing some of the last remaining areas of Cerrado in the state. In these both locations were sampled 100 closeindividuals, since the study was to verify a hypothesis that the aggregation of them is due to the existence of vegetative propagation. Specific microsatellites were developed to carry out the work. The seven markers revealed the existence of 27 genets for the population from EEI and 15 genets for the population from FEA. There were significant excess of heterozygotes and fixation index for the EEI ( f = -0.376) and FEA ( f = -0.512). Even when only genets of both populations were evaluated, the fixation index remained negative for the EEI ( f = -0.209) and FEA ( f = -0.115). In both populations were detected little spatial genetic structure (SGS) over the shortest distances considering the set of genets and ramets. The results of the SGS and clonal heterogeneity showed that the genotypes are widely distributed and that the clusters are formed by different genotypes. The values of coancestry revealed the existence of sexual reproduction in both populations, but we can observe some evidence of vegetative propagation. This result concurs with several studies that encourage the predominance of outcrossing, reinforcing thus the importance of developing more primers for the species. Studies on the reproductive system of the specie are also important to clarify these issues, and provide data on spatial aggregation of individuals, which may result from seed dispersal. The collection of seeds for conservation should be carried in individuals with different genotypes. One way to avoid the selection of individuals with a genetic background that may reduce the reproductive success of plants in the germplasm bank is through the careful selection of plants. In this case albino plants, baddeveloped plants and slow-growth plants should be excluded, to maximize genetic diversity and maintain the minimum effective size to ensure that individuals are able to survive in likely randomized factors.

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50

Tonin, Fábio Bechelli 1976. "Propagação de Passiflora incarnata L. com o uso de estacas radiculares /." Botucatu, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103284.

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Abstract:

Resumo: As espécies do gênero Passiflora, assim como a P. incarnata, apresentam dificuldades quanto a propagação sexuada. Trata-se de uma espécie pouco difundida no Brasil e dificilmente são encontradas sementes para produção de mudas. Porém pode ser propagada vegetativamente, entretanto raros estudos foram realizados com este maracujá, caracterizado como planta exótica em nosso país. Existem poucas bibliografias na área agronômica até mesmo em outros países, mas alguns estudos indicam que a propagação utilizando-se estacas de raiz pode ser realizada com sucesso. Este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver uma metodologia para propagação vegetativa empregando estacas radiculares de modo simples e objetivo, para ser utilizado por agricultores. Testes com produção de mudas por sementes foram conduzidos para comparativos. Foram utilizadas estacas radiculares obtidas de plantas adultas, as quais foram testadas quanto a profundidade de plantio, tamanho e diâmetro dos propágulos, disposição no plantio, diâmetro dos propágulos, tipos de substrato e efeito da temperatura. Foram avaliados a porcentagem de emissões a cada 10 dias. Aos 60 dias a porcentagem de indivíduos: com 2 pares de folhas abertas, com pelo menos 2 cm de parte aérea, com duas emissões, inviáveis. Os tratamentos estudados apresentaram diferenças significativas a 5% no teste de Tukey, apresentando melhores resultados as estacas com 2,0cm de comprimento e diâmetro maior que 0,3cm, plantados na posição horizontal em substrato orgânico, plantados a profundidade de 0,5 e 1,0cm. A temperatura de 30ºC levou vantagem sobre a temperatura de 40ºC para a formação de calos e início das brotações, entretanto outras temperaturas devem ser testadas. Mudas originadas por estacas radiculares foram transplantadas em uma mesma área com mudas provenientes de sementes para comparação de seu desempenho ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The species of the genus Passiflora, as well as P. incarnata, present difficulties as sexual propagation. It is a kind little widespread in Brazil and are hardly found seed for seedling production. It can be propagated vegetatively, however rare studies were conducted with this passion, characterized as exotic plant in our country. There are few agronomic bibliographies even in other countries, but some studies indicate that propagation using root cuttings can be performed successfully. This work aim to develop a methodology for vegetative propagation using root cuttings so simple and straightforward, to be used by farmers. Tests with production of seedlings for seed were conducted for comparative. Root cuttings were used obtained from adult plants, which were tested for planting depth, size and diameter of seedlings, planting, diameter available in propagating substrate types and effect of temperature. Have been assessed, the percentage of emissions every 10 days. To 60 days the percentage of individuals: with 2 pairs of open sheets, with at least 2 inches aboveground, two emission unviable. The treatments studied showed significant differences in the 5% test, Tukey, showing better results the stakes with 2.0cm magnification of length and diameter greater than 0.3cm, planted in horizontal position in organic substrate, deep planted 0.5 and 1.0cm magnification. The temperature of 30ºC took advantage over temperature of 40ºC for the formation of corns and beginning of shoots, however other temperatures must be tested. Seedlings caused by root cuttings were transplanted in a same area with seedlings from seeds for comparing your performance, showing similar performance in the development and productivity
Orientador: Rumy Goto
Coorientador: Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas
Banca: Lin Chau Ming
Banca: Luis Vitor Silva do Sacramento
Banca: Glyn Mara Figueira
Banca: Clayton Debiasi
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