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Journal articles on the topic 'Vehicle for collection and disposal of waste'
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Shi, Yanjun, Lingling Lv, Fanyi Hu, and Qiaomei Han. "A Heuristic Solution Method for Multi-Depot Vehicle Routing-Based Waste Collection Problems." Applied Sciences 10, no. 7 (April 1, 2020): 2403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072403.
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This paper addresses waste collection problems in which urban household and solid waste are brought from waste collection points to waste disposal plants. The collection of waste from the collection points herein is modeled as a multi-depot vehicle routing problem (MDVRP), aiming at minimizing the total transportation distance. In this study, we propose a heuristic solution method to address this problem. In this method, we firstly assign waste collection points to waste disposal plants according to the nearest distance, then each plant solves the single-vehicle routing problem (VRP) respectively, assigning customers to vehicles and planning the order in which customers are visited by vehicles. In the latter step, we propose the sector combination optimization (SCO) algorithm to generate multiple initial solutions, and then these initial solutions are improved using the merge-head and drop-tail (MHDT) strategy. After a certain number of iterations, the optimal solution in the last generation is reported. Computational experiments on benchmark instances showed that the initial solutions obtained by the sector combination optimization algorithm were more abundant and better than other iterative algorithms using only one solution for initialization, and the solutions with distance gap were obtained using the merge-head and drop-tail strategy in a lower CPU time compared to the Tabu search algorithm.
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Li, Haolin, Yi Hu, Junyan Lyu, Hao Quan, Xiang Xu, and Chenxi Li. "Transportation Risk Control of Waste Disposal in the Healthcare System with Two-Echelon Waste Collection Network." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (April 9, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5580083.
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This paper investigates a vehicle routing problem arising in the waste collection of the healthcare system with the concern of transportation risk. Three types of facilities abstracted from the health system are investigated in this paper, namely, facilities with collection points, facilities without collection points, and small facilities. Two-echelon collection mode is applied in which the waste generated by small facilities is first collected by collection points, and then transferred to the recycling centre. To solve this problem, we propose a mixed-integer linear programming model considering time windows and vehicle capacity, and we use particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm for solving large-scale problems. Numerical experiments show the capability of the proposed algorithm. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to investigate the influence of facilities with collection points and the collection routes. This research can provide a decision support tool for the routing of waste collection in the healthcare system.
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Aryampa, Shamim, Basant Maheshwari, Elly Sabiiti, Najib L. Bateganya, and Brian Bukenya. "Status of Waste Management in the East African Cities: Understanding the Drivers of Waste Generation, Collection and Disposal and Their Impacts on Kampala City’s Sustainability." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (October 6, 2019): 5523. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195523.
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The factors that influence waste generation and management vary with country but there is a gap in the availability of waste data in Africa limiting the assessment of these factors for sustainability. Hence, this study was aimed at evaluating the drivers of waste generation, collection and disposal, and their impact on sustainability of Kampala as compared to the East African Community (EAC). Waste generation in Kampala was calculated using recorded waste collection efficiencies while data for Nairobi and Dar es Salaam was obtained from existing literature. Waste quantities for disposal were recorded daily at Kiteezi landfill from 2011 to 2017. Results showed that the major drivers of waste generation, collection and disposal in the EAC are population growth, vehicle capacity and the need for disposal respectively. Waste generation rate in Kampala increased from 0.26 to 0.47 kg/capita/day and the annual waste quantity increased significantly (p < 0.5) by 48% from 227,916 to 481,081 tons corresponding to a 54% population increase. Waste collection efficiency increased from 30% to 64% and hence waste for disposal increased significantly (p < 0.5), with a mean of 15,823 tons/month; but varied significantly (p < 0.5) with the city division. The most (5120 tons) and least (3472 tons) waste per month was collected from the Central and Nakawa divisions respectively. Additionally, Kampala Capital City Authority collected significantly more waste than private collectors for all study years. Waste is disposed of at the Kiteezi landfill despite exhausted capacity. Future projections showed that by 2030, annual waste would increase by approximately 60% for Kampala and Nairobi and by 74% for Dar es Salaam. Dar es Salaam generated the highest amount of waste, five times more than Kampala. More investment needs to be made towards the reduction of waste disposal and strategies developed for the reuse and recycling of waste.
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Zhu, Lingyun, and Ming Chen. "Research on Spent LiFePO4 Electric Vehicle Battery Disposal and Its Life Cycle Inventory Collection in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (November 27, 2020): 8828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238828.
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The main research direction for the disposal of spent lithium-ion batteries is focused on the recovery of precious metals. However, few studies exist on the recycling of LiFePO4 electric vehicle (EV) batteries because of their low recycling value. In addition, a detailed life cycle inventory (LCI) of waste plays a significant role in its life cycle assessment (LCA) for an environmental perspective. In this study, an end-of-life (EOL) LiFePO4 EV battery is disposed to achieve the LCI result. The approach comprises manual dismantling of the battery pack/module and crushing and pyrolysis of cells. The authors classify the dismantling results and use different disposal methods, such as recycling or incineration. Regarding the environmental emissions during pyrolysis, the authors record and evaluate the results according to the experimental data, the bill of materials (BOM), the mass conservation, and the chemical reaction equations. In addition, the electricity power demand is related to the electricity mix in China, and the waste gases and solid residue are treated by using neutralization and landfill, respectively. Finally, the authors integrate the LCI data with analysis data and a background database (Ecoinvent). After the integration of the total emission and consumption data, the authors obtained the total detailed LCI resulting from the disposal of the LiFePO4 vehicle battery. This LCI mainly includes the consumption of energy and materials, and emissions to air, water, and soil, which can provide the basis for the future LCA of LiFePO4 (LFP) batteries. Furthermore, the potential of industrial scale process research on the disposal of spent LiFePO4 batteries is discussed.
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Yang, Xiaoyu, Xiaopeng Guo, and Kun Yang. "Redesigning the Municipal Solid Waste Supply Chain Considering the Classified Collection and Disposal: A Case Study of Incinerable Waste in Beijing." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 9855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179855.
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The output of municipal solid waste is growing rapidly, which has brought tremendous pressure to urban development. The supply chain of municipal solid waste (MSW) in China mainly contains three processes: collection, transportation, and disposal. The waste is sorted at the collection and disposed of according to the classification. However, it is mixed at the transportation stage. Mixed transportation remixes the separately collected waste, which seriously affects the disposal effect. The supply chain of MSW urgently needs to be redesigned to improve the MSW disposal effect. First of all, on the ground of the waste treatment situation, we redesigned the supply chain of MSW in China. Secondly, combined with the redesign of the MSW supply chain, this paper established the function allocation model for collection stations, making a collection station only gather one type of waste, and built the transportation path planning model for vehicles, reducing the impact of waste storage on residents. Finally, based on the data of Xuanwu District in Beijing, the supply chain redesigning practical example of incinerable waste was given. The supply chain redesigning model in this paper not only makes full use of the existing infrastructure but also improves the disposal effect of waste. The supply chain redesigning model has practical application value.
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Babaee Tirkolaee, Erfan, Parvin Abbasian, Mehdi Soltani, and Seyed Ali Ghaffarian. "Developing an applied algorithm for multi-trip vehicle routing problem with time windows in urban waste collection: A case study." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 37, no. 1_suppl (January 2019): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18807001.
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This paper studies a multi-trip vehicle routing problem with time windows specifically related to urban waste collection. Urban waste collection is one of the municipal activities with large costs and has many practical difficulties. In other words, waste collection and disposal is a costly task due to high operating expenses (fuel, maintenance, recycling, manpower, etc.) and small improvements in this field can result in tremendous savings on municipal expenditure. In the raised problem, the goal is to minimize total cost including traversing cost, vehicle employment cost, and exit penalty from permissible time windows. In this problem, the waste is deposited at the points indicating the demand nodes, in which each demand shows the volume of generated waste. Considering multiple trips for vehicles and time windows are the most critical features of the problem, so that the priorities of serving some specific places such as hospitals can be observed. Since vehicle routing problems (VRP) belongs to NP-hard problems, an efficient simulated annealing (SA) is proposed to solve the problem. The computational results show that our proposed algorithm has a great performance in a short computational time in comparison with the CPLEX solver. Finally, in order to demonstrate the applicability of the model, a case study is analyzed in Iran, and the optimal policies are presented.
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Bing, Xiaoyun, Marlies de Keizer, Jacqueline M. Bloemhof-Ruwaard, and Jack G. A. J. van der Vorst. "Vehicle routing for the eco-efficient collection of household plastic waste." Waste Management 34, no. 4 (April 2014): 719–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2014.01.018.
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Aringhieri, Roberto, Maurizio Bruglieri, Federico Malucelli, and Maddalena Nonato. "An asymmetric vehicle routing problem arising in the collection and disposal of special waste." Electronic Notes in Discrete Mathematics 17 (October 2004): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.endm.2004.03.011.
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Li, Ying, Shao Hua Xv, and Jing Zhou. "Precaution Policy and Investigation on Pollution Status of Rural Domestic Waste in Beijing." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 3854–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3854.
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By investigating 18 villages of a town in Beijing, some pollution problems are shown as follows: collection and management system of waste is incomplete and the villagers know little about environment protection; garbage cans, many of which are damaged and lost, are far more to meet the disposal demand of increasing solid wastes; insufficient collecting vehicles run inefficiently, and simple landfill is the only disposal way. In the end, related countermeasures are put forward basing on analysis of region status.
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Maimoun, Mousa A., Debra R. Reinhart, Fatina T. Gammoh, and Pamela McCauley Bush. "Emissions from US waste collection vehicles." Waste Management 33, no. 5 (May 2013): 1079–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2012.12.021.
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Valizadeh, Jaber. "A novel mathematical model for municipal waste collection and energy generation: case study of Kermanshah city." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 31, no. 5 (July 14, 2020): 1437–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-02-2020-0027.
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PurposeWaste production and related environmental problems have caused urban services management many problems in collecting, transporting and disposal of waste. Since collecting and transporting waste are important parts of waste management budget, it is necessary to apply an appropriate method to reduce costs of collection. The aim of this study is to design a new model for urban waste collection vehicle routing problem with time windows and energy generating from waste.Design/methodology/approachA multiobjective model is presented with the objectives of minimizing cost of waste collection, reducing emissions from environmental pollutants and increasing income of recycles trade and energy recovery. Concerning the complexity of the model and its inability to solve large-scale problems, hyperactive genetic algorithms and multiple objective particle swarm optimization are applied.FindingsThe proposed model not only affects costs and income but also reduces the emissions of environmental pollutants. To solve the formulated model, multitarget approaches are applied on the processing site of Kermanshah city as a case study. The solutions of these algorithms and the exact method of partial constraints are compared and the outcomes are verified by numerical analysis by solving various examples in small, medium and large scales. The proposed model helps to collect urban wastes in the shortest possible time in addition to reducing the total cost, revenues from the sale of recycled materials and energy generation.Research limitations/implicationsWaste collection is related to VRP issue. Considering the environmental requirements in waste management, the concept of green supply chain is approached. This study provides a better understanding of urban waste management by examining various articles and combining economic and environmental dimensions. Waste management with a green approach and energy production from disposable waste involves many common stakeholders.Practical implicationsThis study suggests that proper waste management can generate revenue from municipal waste. Moreover, it reduces cost of collecting and emission of environmental pollutants. These findings could motivate companies to waste management with a sustainable approach.Originality/valueThe proposed model boosts the current understanding of the waste management and energy generation of waste. The paper adds additional values by unveiling some key future research directions. This guidance may demonstrate possible existing and unexplored gaps so that researchers can direct future research to develop new processes.
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Sari, Diana Puspita, Nur Aini Masruroh, and Anna Maria Sri Asih. "Extended Maximal Covering Location and Vehicle Routing Problems in Designing Smartphone Waste Collection Channels: A Case Study of Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 8896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168896.
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Most people will store smartphone waste or give it to others; this is due to inadequate waste collection facilities in all cities/regencies in Indonesia. In Yogyakarta Province, there is no electronic waste collection facility. Therefore, an e-waste collection network is needed to cover all potential e-waste in the province of Yogyakarta. This study aims to design a collection network to provide easy access to facilities for smartphone users, which includes the number and location of each collection center and the route of transporting smartphone waste to the final disposal site. We proposed an extended maximal covering location problem to determine the number and location of collection centers. Nearest neighbor and tabu search are used in forming transportation routes. The nearest neighbor is used for initial solution search, and tabu search is used for final solution search. The study results indicate that to facilitate all potential smartphone waste with a maximum distance of 11.2 km, the number of collection centers that must be established is 30 units with three pick-up routes. This research is the starting point of the smartphone waste management process, with further study needed for sorting, recycling, repairing, or remanufacturing after the waste has been collected.
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Zhang, Qi, Hongyang Li, Xin Wan, Martin Skitmore, and Hailin Sun. "An Intelligent Waste Removal System for Smarter Communities." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 22, 2020): 6829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176829.
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With the continuous progress of urbanization, the discharge of municipal solid waste has profoundly affected human production/living and social ecological health, and waste disposal has become one of the key issues all over the world. In the context of intelligent technology, this paper innovates the way of waste disposal according to the development direction of a smart city and the requirement of sustainable development strategy. An intelligent urban waste removal system is developed using a ROS (Route Operation System) robot operating system and RRT (Rapid Exploration of Random Trees) path planning algorithm. With a background of data management, the entire process of intelligent automatic waste removal is triggered by automatic communication from individual waste bins to a waste collection vehicle (WCV) where the bin needs to be emptied, and the automatic collection and transportation by the WCV in response. In combination with the IoT (Internet of Things), the system provides scientific data support for the intelligent layout of communities and even urban waste bins to greatly enhance the development of intelligence communities and smart cities.
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Vu, Hoang Lan, Damien Bolingbroke, Kelvin Tsun Wai Ng, and Bahareh Fallah. "Assessment of waste characteristics and their impact on GIS vehicle collection route optimization using ANN waste forecasts." Waste Management 88 (April 2019): 118–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.03.037.
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Qiao, Qingqing, Fengming Tao, Hailin Wu, Xuewei Yu, and Mengjun Zhang. "Optimization of a Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem for Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Collection Management Using the PSO-TS Algorithm." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 24, 2020): 2163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062163.
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Sustainable management of municipal solid waste (MSW) collection has been of increasing concern in terms of its economic, environmental, and social impacts in recent years. Current literature frequently studies economic and environmental dimensions, but rarely focuses on social aspects, let alone an analysis of the combination of the three abovementioned aspects. This paper considers the three benefits simultaneously, aiming at facilitating decision-making for a comprehensive solution to the capacitated vehicle routing problem in the MSW collection system, where the number and location of vehicles, depots, and disposal facilities are predetermined beforehand. Besides the traditional concerns of economic costs, this paper considers environmental issues correlated to the carbon emissions generated from burning fossil fuels, and evaluates social benefits by penalty costs which are derived from imbalanced trip assignments for disposal facilities. Then, the optimization model is proposed to minimize system costs composed of fixed costs of vehicles, fuel consumption costs, carbon emissions costs, and penalty costs. Two meta-heuristic algorithms, particle swarm optimization (PSO) and tabu search (TS), are adopted for a two-phase algorithm to obtain an efficient solution for the proposed model. A balanced solution is acquired and the results suggest a compromise between economic, environmental, and social benefits.
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Babaee Tirkolaee, Erfan, and Nadi Serhan Aydın. "A sustainable medical waste collection and transportation model for pandemics." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 39, no. 1_suppl (March 24, 2021): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x211000437.
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We are currently experiencing a critical period for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 related waste is a threat to global public environmental health. Medical waste management during this pandemic is one of the major issues facing public service organizations such as municipalities, which is of great importance in terms of logistics, environment and social aspects. The discussion of logistics operations is related to the collection, transportation and disposal of waste, which imposes high expenses. Many methods have been applied to develop and improve waste management policies in the literature. Apart from these studies, very few researchers have improved vehicle operations in waste management considering environmental aspects and the possibility of outsourcing. In this paper, by examining the gaps in the field, we try to explain and formulate the sustainable medical waste management problem for pandemics. Finally, by designing several practical examples with different scales, we solve the problem using CPLEX solver, compare different conditions and discuss the practical implications using the sensitivity analysis of demand parameter.
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Zeiss, Chris. "Hazardous material loading to municipal landfills in resource-based communities." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 20, no. 3 (June 1, 1993): 448–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l93-059.
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Landfills in rural, resource-based communities are receiving unknown quantities of potentially hazardous materials, including household hazardous wastes (HHHW) and industrial, commercial, and institutional (ICI) wastes in self-hauled and collection vehicle loads. Rural generation and disposal rates are expected to be higher than in urban areas.The research program was conducted in a resource-based community consisting of a town of about 5500 residents and the surrounding rural area with an equal number of residents in Alberta. The research objective was to determine the weight fraction of hazardous materials in the refuse through physical sampling of the waste stream at the community landfill. Over a 1-year period (1991), large collection vehicle loads and self-hauled private and ICI loads from the town and the rural area were sampled during 1 week in each season using a two-staged systematic random sampling design to measure the average weight fraction and variation by season and by type of load. The results show the annual average weight fraction of hazardous materials to be 6.7% with a 95% confidence interval of 4.0% to 9.4%. Seasonal differences are apparent, but are not significant. Self-hauled ICI and rural wastes tend to contain higher percentages of potentially hazardous materials, but the variation is also higher so the values are not significantly different from those from the town. The detected materials consist mainly of oily wastes (debris, oil containers, and vehicle oil filters), other automotive products, and paints. As a result, the hazardous material content of rural community refuse appears to be substantially higher than the 0.3% to 1.0% reported for HHHW in urban refuse streams. While the rural composition suggests that vehicle and home maintenance contribute some of the difference, this study also shows that ICI wastes and self-hauled loads contribute noticeable quantities of potentially hazardous materials. The results suggest that it is essential for rural communities to consider waste management alternatives for potentially hazardous materials because rural waste streams contain significantly higher percentages and because rural landfills are often not designed to as high a standard as large urban facilities. Key words: household hazardous waste, ICI waste, waste stream analysis, rural landfills, refuse waste stream.
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Gao, Jiajing, Haolin Li, Jingwen Wu, Junyan Lyu, Zheyi Tan, and Zhufan Jin. "Routing Optimisation of Urban Medical Waste Recycling Network considering Differentiated Collection Strategy and Time Windows." Scientific Programming 2021 (March 18, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5523910.
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The increasing gap between medical waste production and disposal stresses the urgency of further development of urban medical waste recycling. This paper investigates an integrated optimisation problem in urban medical waste recycling network. It combines the vehicle routing problem of medical facilities with different requirements and the collection problem of clinics’ medical waste to the affiliated hospital. To solve this problem, a compact mixed-integer linear programming model is proposed, which takes account of the differentiated collection strategy and time windows. Since the medical waste recycling operates according to a two-day pattern, the periodic collection plan is also embedded in the model. Moreover, we develop a particle swarm optimisation (PSO) solution approach for problem-solving. Numerical experiments are also conducted to access the solution efficiency of the proposed algorithm, which can obtain a good solution in solving large-scale problem instances within a reasonable computation time. Based on the results, some managerial implications can be recommended for the third-party recycling company.
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Murnianti, Murnianti, Syamsidik Syamsidik, and Muhammad Zaki. "ANALISIS KINERJA PENGANGKUTAN SAMPAH PADA ZONA III KOTA BANDA ACEH (KECAMATAN LUENG BATA, KUTA RAJA DAN BAITURRAHMAN)." Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan 2, no. 4 (December 10, 2019): 314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jarsp.v2i4.14948.
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The analysis of Waste Transportion Performance in Zone III of Banda Aceh managed to evaluate the waste transport system related to the pattern of waste collection and transportation, the frequency of transportation and the number of waste transport vehicles in zone III, so optimization can be done. Primary data is obtained by observing the process of transporting waste directly in the field and interviewing the parties that involved. Observations were made on each vehicle that carrying waste twice a day (morning and afternoon/night). The vehicles that will be observed consists of 11 dumptrucks, 1 compactor truck, 2 armrolltruck, so the number of observations is 14 days. The application of the pattern of waste collection with the door to door system in some zone III does not match the standards set. The amount of trip for dumptruck can be increased to 3 trips/day, 4 trip/day for compactors truck and 11 trips/day for armroll trucks. Better waste disposal can save dumptruck transportation time 2.18 hours/day or 27.26% and increase ritation to 3 trips/day. The addition of transport trips increases the potential amount of waste transportation up to 59.17% from 48.10 tons/day to 76.56 tons/day. The needs for waste transportation based on the calculation results can be optimized to 10 units, while currently used is 14 units. Inadequate of work equipment, there is no special training for workers and a lack of public awareness in properly disposing waste can be a barrier in waste transportation services.
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Benjamin, A. M., and J. E. Beasley. "Metaheuristics for the waste collection vehicle routing problem with time windows, driver rest period and multiple disposal facilities." Computers & Operations Research 37, no. 12 (December 2010): 2270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2010.03.019.
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Nowakowski, Piotr, Sandra Kuśnierz, Patrycja Sosna, Jakub Mauer, and Dawid Maj. "Disposal of Personal Protective Equipment during the COVID-19 Pandemic Is a Challenge for Waste Collection Companies and Society: A Case Study in Poland." Resources 9, no. 10 (September 28, 2020): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources9100116.
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One of the social measures applied during the COVID-19 pandemic has been the use of personal protective equipment (PPE)—face masks and gloves. As a result, this waste category has expanded enormously. This study investigates waste management issues from multiple perspectives, including local governments, waste collection companies, and individual citizens in Poland using a telephone survey for institutions and an online questionnaire for individuals. The results of this study show that approximately 80% of local governments in the Silesian region have applied special measures for handling and collection of waste PPE. Only 13% of waste collection companies have applied special collection schedules for the waste generated at quarantine collection points due to the high costs of changing collection schedules, providing additional vehicles, and paying for more labor. The information campaigns focusing on new methods of PPE waste collection have been difficult to introduce on a large scale, and citizens need better information regarding how to handle and dispose of waste PPE. Results indicated the most helpful method in supporting waste PPE collection would be automatic PPE dispensers with waste PPE collection options and waste bags of a designated color. The respondents identified waste PPE pollution of the environment as an issue and the necessity for proper recovery of this waste stream.
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Rabbani, Masoud, and Shadi Sadri. "Lean Policies in Route Planning and Scheduling of Waste Collection with Fuzzy Demand." International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences 8, no. 4 (October 2017): 102–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsds.2017100105.
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This study addresses a household waste collection routing problem with a heterogeneous fleet. The collection fleet includes hand carts and vehicles to transport wastes from houses to disposal sites. The authors attempt to enhance the system efficiency considering lean policies, which leads to minimizing the fleet size and the collection time concurrently. In reality, uncertainty of some parameters stems from environmental and living conditions. Hence, a bi-objective fuzzy possibilistic mixed integer linear programming model is developed to design an optimal collection network. To solve the model, a hybrid solution approach is applied, which combines fuzzy possibilistic programming and fuzzy multi-objective programming. Finally, several numerical examples are tested to illustrate validation of the proposed model and applicability of the applied solution approach.
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Nowakowski, Piotr, Krzysztof Szwarc, and Urszula Boryczka. "Combining an artificial intelligence algorithm and a novel vehicle for sustainable e-waste collection." Science of The Total Environment 730 (August 2020): 138726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138726.
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Pekhota, A. N., B. M. Khroustalev, V. D. Akeliev, and A. A. Mikhalchenko. "Vacuum Pneumatic Transport for Industrial and Utility Components." Science & Technique 20, no. 2 (April 8, 2021): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2227-1031-2021-20-2-142-149.
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Waste generation in the life of people and enterprises is an inevitable process today. The level of utilization of municipal waste has increased on average to 23 % in Belarus. The paper provides an assessment of the existing systems for the collection and disposal of waste solid household items based on technological stages (preparation of waste for loading into a garbage collection vehicle; organization of temporary storage of waste in households, at enterprises; collection and removal of waste from the territories of households, organizations and enterprises; neutralization, processing and recycling of waste). The consequences of untimely collection of solid household and industrial waste are considered in the paper. The paper presents the factors that have a harmful effect on the human environment and the ecology of the territories of settlements and enterprises. An analysis of the effectiveness of the timely removal of such components in the systems of municipal services of cities and enterprises as an important component providing social, economic and environmental significance is given in the paper. At the present stage of the development of technology and available technologies, one of the most rational and economically justified ways of delivering waste to the areas for their sorting and processing is vacuum transportation using pipeline transport. Its application is justified for industrial zones and settlements with high and medium population density. Moreover, such a pipeline can be laid next to existing pipeline and other transport communications.
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Nakayama, Hirofumi, Takayuki Shimaoka, Kiyoshi Omine, Maryono, Plubcharoensuk Patsaraporn, and Orawan Siriratpiriya. "Solid Waste Management in Bangkok at 2011 Thailand Floods." Journal of Disaster Research 8, no. 3 (June 1, 2013): 456–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2013.p0456.
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A large amount of municipal and industrial flood waste was generated during a 2011 monsoon in Thailand. This paper examines the generation and disposal of flood waste related to Thailand floods using data obtained through field surveys and interviews with involved organizations. As a result, problems with flood waste treatment were found. These included a shortage of waste collection capacity such as vehicles and boats under emergency conditions, a lack of appropriately designed temporary waste storage at waste transfer stations, a lack of recycling systems for the wood waste that dominated waste from flooding, and the possibility thatmixed disposal ofmunicipal and industrial waste introduced contamination. To improve flood waste treatment, some proposals were provided for the predisaster, disaster and post-disaster stages.
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Filin, Sergey, Irina Kalinina, Vladimir Maslennikov, Saltanat Ibraimova, Vladimir Velikorossov, and Alexey Chaikovsky. "Management of Electronic and Electrical Equipment Waste Collection in Municipalities." E3S Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124701023.
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The article considers the justification of the possibility of organizing a waste management system of electronic and electrical equipment dangerous to human health and the environment and the subsequent use of secondary raw materials based on them. The current state of production sector of collection and disposal of waste of electronic and electrical equipment in the EU and Russia was analyzed. A scheme for the organization of a waste management system for electronic and electrical equipment, including the main methods of organization and stages of the cycle of collection and processing of waste in municipalities, forms of organization of work with the population, a formula for calculating the need for the number of necessary vehicles for mobile reception points, has been proposed. It was concluded that at present there is a real opportunity for the implementation in municipalities of a project to create an organization of a waste management system for electronic and electrical equipment, which does not require significant funds from the municipal budget.
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Lasut, Andre Ch, Friska M. Makalew, and Prudensy F. Opit. "ANALISIS RUTE PENGANGKUTAN SAMPAH KOTA MANADO DENGAN PENDEKATAN VEHICLE ROUTING PROBLEM (VRP)." Jurnal Ilmiah Realtech 15, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52159/realtech.v15i1.75.
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Waste collection and transportation is a problem that currently being faced by cities in Indonesia, especially in the city of Manado. Manado is one of the major cities that produces 2,064 m of waste per day. In 2018, Manado was given a title as one of the dirtiest major cities in Indonesia by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK) in the assessment of Adipura. This is due to the over capacity of the final disposal site (TPA) and the incapability of each TPA to implement the sanitary landfile system. The purpose of this research is to determine the efficiency of waste transportation in the city of Manado, especially in the watershed area (DAS). This research focuses on the transport points of the watershed area, namely: Bailang Bridge, Megawati Bridge, Kalimas, Tugu Lilin, Yellow Bridge, God Bless Park, Freshmart Bahu, Shoulder Bridge and Regional Police Complex. The model used to solve the problem in this research is the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP). The result of the total minimum of vehicle mileage is 81.4 km. Sensitivity analysis by adding three scenarios is completed in order to analyze the shortest distance using different routes. Based on the final results, we found that scenario 2 generates the minimum vehicle mileage of 73.8 km.
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Ogunbiyi, Margaret Emem, Morakinyo Kehinde Onifade, Oluwaseyi Joseph Afolabi, and Olufemi Adebayo Oroye. "An Assessment of Solid Waste Transportation in Ado-Odo/Ota Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria." Transport and Communications 8, no. 2 (2020): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/tac.c.2020.2.3.
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This paper examines solid waste transportation in Ado-Odo/Ota Local Government Area of Ogun State. Adequate transportation of solid waste is one of the major challenges of waste managers in Nigeria because of inherent factors ranging from dearth of transport infrastructure to poor attitude of residents. Data were collected through the aid of questionnaires, personal observations, visitations to some villages and towns as well as dumpsites. The questionnaires were divided into two parts: household respondents and solid waste management staff. The data obtained were analyzed using Descriptive Statistics, Factor Analysis and Item Analysis. From the analysis of the data obtained from household and waste management respondents the mean and standard deviation reflect high degree of correlation and concurrence. From the principal component analysis of both the household respondents and waste management staff, there are two principal factors respectively that should be given higher consideration in solid waste management in Ado-Odo/Ota Local Government Area. These factors include waste collection and disposal method, frequency of collection and reliability of waste vehicles. Based on these findings, the study concluded that attitudinal change on the part of the household, government intervention on road maintenances, and adequate maintenance of PSP vehicles will go a long way in reducing the heaps of refuse and indiscriminate dumping of solid wastes in the entire vicinity of Ado-Odo/Ota Local Government Area in Ogun State, Nigeria.
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Katsiri, Eleftheria, and Konstantinos Moschou. "A pervasive computing system for the remote management of hospital waste." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 12, no. 1 (March 22, 2016): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v12i1.91.
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Waste generated by health care activities includes a broad range of materials, from used needles and syringes to soiled dressings, body parts, diagnostic samples, medical devices and radioactive materials. As a result of poor practice and large volumes, only a very small percentage ofmedical waste is actually disposed of properly in final reception units while the rest is unaccounted for potentially exposing the community at large to infection, toxic effects and injuries, and risking polluting the environment.This paper discusses, Greenactions, a novel Pervasive Computing system for the remote end-to-end management of hazardous medical waste. Greenactions provides real-time trace-ability for 100% of medical waste, by continually monitoring the full life cycle of each waste container, from their delivery to the hospitals, through to their collection and disposal, and providing remedial action in real-time, whenever an incident occurs. This is achieved by employing both fixed and handheld RFID and sensortechnology, supported by a state-machine model that knows at any time the current and next state of each waste container. Deployed together with a small fleet of appropriately modified vehicles for waste collection, Greenactions provides an integrated solution can be applied in any waste collection and tracking scenario, without requiring any costly, proprietary infrastructure thus alleviating the burden of medical waste management fromhealth-care units. A prototype system was developed using open source technology that is ready to be deployed to pilot healthcare units in Athens, while a set of KPIs were implemented for evaluating the efficiency of the system.
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Farahbakhsh, Amin, and Mohammad Ali Forghani. "Sustainable location and route planning with GIS for waste sorting centers, case study: Kerman, Iran." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 37, no. 3 (December 17, 2018): 287–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x18815950.
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One of the important issues in the world is the significant growth of waste production, including waste that is not biodegradable in nature. According to the Kerman Municipality, 440 tonnes of municipal waste is collected daily in Kerman consisting of five major parts of paper, plastic, metal, glass, and wet waste. The major problems of municipal solid waste disposal are soil erosion, air pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions. The most important factors related to recycling are waste sorting and the relevant environmental conditions. This study aims to create a sustainable approach by locating the optimal sites to reduce environmental pollution, decrease costs, and improve the service system to the society. Optimal locations for establishing the collecting and sorting centers in the city are specified by the use of geographic information system software, based on criteria consisting of population density, road network, distance to health centers, distance to disposal center, waste sorting culture, land space, and land cost, which were weighted by an analytical hierarchy process. It was noteworthy that the criterion “waste sorting culture”, which has a foundation in human sciences and sociology, has been considered by experts in this study to be of the highest importance among other criteria at locating sorting centers. Subsequently, using a symmetric capacitated vehicle routing problem, the number and capacity of each vehicle are determined to serve the specified locations according to the economic, social, and environmental constraints.
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Witkiewicz, Anna, Renata Czech, Magdalena Zabochnicka-Świątek, Piotr Czech, and Katarzyna Turoń. "Transport of municipal waste on the example of a selected city of the Silesian agglomeration - part 1. Legal requirements and logistic strategies." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 1006–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.541.
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The article presents the issues related to the transport of municipal waste. The legal requirements relating to waste transport, a list of necessary documentation for conducting this type of activity and the required marking of vehicles are discussed. Logistics strategies related to the activities aimed at the implementation of municipal waste collection from the example of the city residents were also shown, allowing to limit the costs associated with this activity. De-scribed are waste collection systems and the most frequently used transport systems based on the criterion of the number of means of transport used for waste disposal. The article also contains information on the means of transport used. Finally, the costs of the example company for the means of transport used to collect municipal waste were analysed and factors important for the formation of these costs were presented. The article has been divided into two separate parts.
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Witkiewicz, Anna, Renata Czech, Magdalena Zabochnicka-Świątek, Piotr Czech, and Katarzyna Turoń. "Transport of municipal waste on the example of a selected city of the Silesian agglomeration - part 2. Means of transport and costs." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 1012–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.542.
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The article presents the issues related to the transport of municipal waste. The legal requirements relating to waste transport, a list of necessary documentation for conducting this type of activity and the required marking of vehicles are discussed. Logistics strategies related to the activities aimed at the implementation of municipal waste collection from the example of the city residents were also shown, allowing to limit the costs associated with this activity. De-scribed are waste collection systems and the most frequently used transport systems based on the criterion of the number of means of transport used for waste disposal. The article also contains information on the means of transport used. Finally, the costs of the example company for the means of transport used to collect municipal waste were analysed and factors important for the formation of these costs were presented. The article has been divided into two separate parts.
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Alikbayeva, Lilya A., S. P. Kolodiy, and A. V. Bek. "HYGIENIC EVALUATION OF THE CLASS HAZARD OF DISCHARGES FROM ROAD-VEHICLES COMPLEX." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 8 (March 27, 2019): 711–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-8-711-716.
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The purpose of the study. Hygienic evaluation of discharges from the road-vehicle complex to justify recommendations for handling it in urbanized areas. Material and methods. The object of the study was discharges from the road-vehicles complex (RVC) in four cities of Russia - Saint-Petersburg, Chelyabinsk, Perm and Ufa. The research program included the analysis of the chemical composition of RVC discharges; determination of hazard classes of waste for the health of the person at the SP 2.1.7.1386-03 “Sanitary rules on determining the hazard class of toxic production wastes and consumption” (2003) and the calculation of class of danger according to the degree of negative impact on the environment in accordance with the “Criteria for classification of wastes of hazard classes I-V according to the degree of negative impact on the environment” (2014). Results. In the analyzed samples silicon dioxide (up to 92%) appeared to be the main component of RVC discharges in cities of Petersburg, Perm, Chelyabinsk and Ufa. In RVC discharges the content of seven chemical substances hazard class 1 and 2 exceeded their MPC in soil: copper - by 10 to 35 times, Nickel - from 2.6 to 61.7 times, zinc - from 3 to 5.5 times, arsenic - from 2 to 4.4 times, chromium - 2.1 to 36.6 times, cobalt - from 1.3 to 2.8 times, benzo(a)pyrene from 1 to 4.4 times. According to class of danger to human health RVC discharges waste in four cities refer to hazard class 2- highly hazardous waste, and on the basis of indices, the total index of hazard waste for the environment to hazard class 4 - low hazard waste. Mandatory collection and removal from RVC from urban areas is recommended. It is necessary to perform additional studies to assess of migration-water hazard index RVC discharges with the aim of the determination of regulations for its disposal and storage outside the city.
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Shevchenko, Tetiana, Michael Saidani, Yuriy Danko, Ievgeniia Golysheva, Jana Chovancová, and Roman Vavrek. "Towards a Smart E-Waste System Utilizing Supply Chain Participants and Interactive Online Maps." Recycling 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling6010008.
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Efficient electronic waste (e-waste) management is one of the vital strategies to save materials, including critical minerals and precious metals with limited global reserves. The e-waste collection issue has gained increasing attention in recent years, especially in developing countries, due to low collection rates. This study aims to search for progressive solutions in the e-waste collection sphere with close-to-zero transport and infrastructure costs and the minimization of consumers’ efforts towards an enhanced e-waste management efficiency and collection rate. Along these lines, the present paper develops a smart reverse system of e-waste from end-of-life electronics holders to local recycling infrastructures based on intelligent information technology (IT) tools involving local delivery services to collect e-waste and connecting with interactive online maps of users’ requests. This system considers the vehicles of local delivery services as potential mobile collection points that collect and deliver e-waste to a local recycling enterprise with a minimum deviation from the planned routes. Besides e-waste transport and infrastructure costs minimization, the proposed smart e-waste reverse system supports the reduction of CO2 through the optimal deployment of e-waste collection vehicles. The present study also advances a solid rationale for involving local e-waste operators as key stakeholders of the smart e-waste reverse system. Deploying the business model canvas (BMC) toolkit, a business model of the developed system has been built for the case of Sumy city, Ukraine, and discussed in light of recent studies.
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Ndau, Hanke, and Elizabeth Tilley. "Willingness to Pay for Improved Household Solid Waste Collection in Blantyre, Malawi." Economies 6, no. 4 (October 9, 2018): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies6040054.
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Insufficient staff, inappropriate collection vehicles, limited operating budgets and growing, hard to reach populations mean that solid waste management remains limited in most developing countries; Malawi is no exception. We estimated the willingness to pay (WTP) for two hypothetical solid waste collection services. Additionally, we tested the impact of the WTP question positioning relative to environmental perceptions on respondents’ WTP. The first scenario involved a five minute walk to a disposal facility; the second scenario involved a 30 min walk. Additionally, the order of the question was randomized within the questionnaire. A WTP value of K1780 was found for the five minute walk scenario when the question was placed first, and K2138 when placed after revealing the respondent’s perceptions on the environment. In the 30 min walk scenario, WTP was K945 when placed first and K1139 when placed after revealing the respondent’s perceptions on the environment. The estimated values indicate that there is both a willingness to pay for solid waste services and that there are at least two options that would be acceptable to the community; a pilot scale implementation would be required to validate the hypothetical values, especially given the dependency on problem framing. Community financing should be considered as a sustainable approach to solid waste management in underserved areas.
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Serbinova, L. А. "STUDY OF WASTE MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS OF WORN-OUT TIRES IN UKRAINE." Labour protection problems in Ukraine 35, no. 1 (July 2, 2019): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36804/nndipbop.35-1.2019.15-19.
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Was analyzed the situation that has developed in Ukraine on the treatment of waste tires. The study was conducted through a systematic review of open sources, such as laws and web sources of scientific literature of various formats and disciplines of publication, and their analysis. The analysis showed that the total number of registered vehicles in Ukraine increases every year, and, accordingly, the amount of waste increases. Also was reviewed the legislative and regulatory framework for the treatment of waste vehicles. However, today there remain unresolved problems of waste management vehicles in Ukraine at the legislative level. Improving the collection, processing and disposal of certain types of waste as secondary raw materials will qualitatively improve the conditions for implementing the main goal of Ukrainian waste legislation - minimizing them to prevent losses of material and energy resources and negative impacts on the environment and human health while improving the competitiveness of domestic industries and services encourage waste producers and local authorities to consistently implement the innovations needed for this Onno-investment activities.
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Bender, Frank A., Thomas Bosse, and Oliver Sawodny. "An investigation on the fuel savings potential of hybrid hydraulic refuse collection vehicles." Waste Management 34, no. 9 (September 2014): 1577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2014.05.022.
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Korfmacher, Karl, J. Scott Hawker, and James Winebrake. "Transportation Activities Associated with High-Volume Hydraulic Fracturing Operations in the Marcellus Shale Formation." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2503, no. 1 (January 2015): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2503-08.
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The natural gas extraction method of high-volume hydraulic fracturing (HVHF) has a significant truck transportation component, with estimates ranging from 625 to 1,148 heavy truck trips for equipment, materials, and waste movement for each well drilled in the Marcellus Shale. ArcGIS Network Analyst was used to analyze the environmental impacts of transporting sand and water to, and waste from, Pennsylvania wells from 2011 to 2013. The locations of wells, resource supply areas, and waste disposal facilities served as a series of origin and destination pairings for probable truck routes. Material and waste volumes per well were used to estimate the truck counts assigned to each route, leading to estimates of truck traffic by road segment. Emission loads and energy usage were calculated with the geospatial inter modal freight transport model. Simulation results of 22-ton loads estimated 4.4 million one-way truck trips totaling nearly 86.5 million vehicle miles and producing nearly 19 Mg of particulate matter and 745 Mg of nitrogen oxides, among other pollutants. Maps showing road segments with high truck counts identified areas of potential health and infrastructure impacts. On-site recycling of wastes offset an estimated 842,678 truck trips and associated emissions. Case studies developed during this project pointed to the need for better data collection and data distribution efforts in states extracting gas and those considering whether to allow HVHF operations. The results will help policy analysts and environmental planners to understand and evaluate the environmental, health, and economic impacts (pro and con) associated with the movement of HVHF equipment and materials.
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Sheina, Svetlana, and Liya Babenko. "Municipal Solid Waste Management in Russia: Practices and Challenges." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 1989–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1989.
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It is annually produced 400 thousand tons of solid waste in the city of Rostov-on-Don, which is taken for disposal to landfill at the Northwest industrial area of the city. Nearly 60 tons of waste enters Rostov Material Recovery Facility every year for the sorting, extracting commercially attractive factions, pressing, briquetting and subsequent transportation of residue tail to the landfill. However, the percentage of recycling in Rostov (10%) remains low, as a result of the shortcomings of the system. Recently, the Administration of Rostov-on-Don has produced a development strategy of integrated municipal solid waste management to create a new system of waste management in Rostov-on-Don. The strategy focuses mainly at Resource efficiency, which is a blend of good infrastructure, collection and design, with a dash of innovation and a strong policy framework to back it up. For the successful implementation of the strategy it is necessary to introduce an integrated system of municipal solid waste management using GIS. The methodology of integrated system with using GIS was developed by specialists of City Planning and Community Development Department of the Rostov State University of Civil Engineering. It includes implementation of collection and storage of waste and environmental data along with vehicles navigation system through ArcGIS ESRI software. It helps to facilitate collection operations, to analyze optimal locations for transfer stations, to plan routes for vehicles transporting waste from residential, commercial and industrial customers to transfer stations and from transfer stations to landfills, to calculate amount of waste collection sites in accordance with the population density and volume of bins, to locate new landfills and to monitor the landfill. GIS is a tool that also provides a digital data bank for optimization of waste collection sites allocation according with implementation of General City Plan. The territory of Rostov-on-Don has been chosen for case study. GIS allowed to make situational (operational) decisions for implementing the strategic approach to the municipal solid waste management plan of the city and supported innovative accompaniment of the process of development and implementation of priority national projects, targeted programs of ecological reconstruction and strategic plans of socio-economic development of municipalities.
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Babaee Tirkolaee, Erfan, Alireza Goli, Maryam Pahlevan, and Ramina Malekalipour Kordestanizadeh. "A robust bi-objective multi-trip periodic capacitated arc routing problem for urban waste collection using a multi-objective invasive weed optimization." Waste Management & Research 37, no. 11 (August 15, 2019): 1089–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x19865340.
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Urban waste collection is one of the principal processes in municipalities with large expenses and laborious operations. Among the important issues raised in this regard, the lack of awareness of the exact amount of generated waste makes difficulties in the processes of collection, transportation and disposal. To this end, investigating the waste collection issue under uncertainty can play a key role in the decision-making process of managers. This paper addresses a novel robust bi-objective multi-trip periodic capacitated arc routing problem under demand uncertainty to treat the urban waste collection problem. The objectives are to minimize the total cost (i.e. traversing and vehicles’ usage costs) and minimize the longest tour distance of vehicles (makespan). To validate the proposed bi-objective robust model, the ε-constraint method is implemented using the CPLEX solver of GAMS software. Furthermore, a multi-objective invasive weed optimization algorithm is then developed to solve the problem in real-world sizes. The parameters of the multi-objective invasive weed optimization are tuned optimally using the Taguchi design method to enhance its performance. The computational results conducted on different test problems demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can generate high-quality solutions considering three indexes of mean of ideal distance, number of solutions and central processing unit time. It is proved that the ε-constraint method and multi-objective invasive weed optimization can efficiently solve the small- and large-sized problems, respectively. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed on one of the main parameters of the problem to study the behavior of the objective functions and provide the optimal policy.
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Maués, Luiz Maurício, Norma Beltrão, and Isabela Silva. "GHG Emissions Assessment of Civil Construction Waste Disposal and Transportation Process in the Eastern Amazon." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 18, 2021): 5666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105666.
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The urbanization process represented by an increased supply of housing and transport infrastructure has taken place at an accelerated rate in several regions of Brazil, especially in the metropolitan areas of the Brazilian Amazon. Despite the existence of environmental policies that guide the proper disposal of civil construction waste (CCW) in Brazil, the impacts of these policies are still negligible, pointing to the need to establish other metrics such as the measurement of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in CO2eq associated with civil construction waste. This work aims to evaluate, in the second-largest city in the Brazilian Amazon, the environmental impact generated by the transportation of CCW to disposal sites, having as indicators the volume of this waste and the CO2 emissions produced during a whole year. A literature review on life cycle carbon emissions assessment in building construction and CO2 emissions in transportation are provided to establish the background of the research methodology. Data collection was carried out by searching large generators of construction waste, the companies responsible for transporting construction waste, and the types of vehicles used. Calculation of GHG emissions from CCW transportation was based on the method described in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. The study identified a volume of waste of around 1244 m3/month, with a generation of 40,440 kgCO2/year, only from small and large generators. Besides the damage identified in this study, there is also the dumping of CCW into urban streams in the city which is causing negative impacts on sanitation and drainage systems. The results point to the need to strengthen local policies to mitigate the impacts of the existing CCW to contribute to a more sustainable city.
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Azriati Mat, Nur, Aida Mauziah Benjamin, and Syariza Abdul-Rahman. "Resource Planning For a Single Landfill Site Selection Model Based on Greedy Strategy: A Case Study." Journal of Social Sciences Research, SPI6 (December 25, 2018): 607–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/jssr.spi6.607.614.
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Landfilling, which has emerged as the most common method for disposal of solid waste and selection of appropriate landfill for solid waste management, is a crucial aspect in urban planning. It is compulsory to consider the various criteria, such as environmental, economic, and social criteria, in order to get the best search outcomes that can minimise the adverse effects of the surrounding population. As widely known, the process of selecting new landfills is divided into two important phases, which are: 1) the determination of potential candidate locations through an initial screening, and 2) suitability assessment based on several criteria. Previously, issues related to landfill site selection have been successfully solved by using Geographic Information System (GIS) and Multiple Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) techniques, either individually or as an integrated approach. With that, this research aims to assist the authorities in planning a single landfill site selection by utilising all the available resources, which translates being cost-effective. Therefore, the Nearest Greedy (NG) technique had been employed to assess all five potential candidate locations by considering several related constraints. Next, the solutions were ranked based on the total distance travelled by vehicles in completing the overall waste collection process. The proposed approach was tested on a real dataset of the waste collection problem in a district located within the Northern Region of Peninsular Malaysia, which consisted of 146 residential areas and involving up to 18749 unit premises. After that, the solution obtained was compared with the present operating landfill facility, in which Candidate 4 appeared as the best alternative with a 6.74% reduction of total distance travelled, in comparison to the present operating landfill method. As such, the proposed solution may aid the local authorities and serve as a guideline in identifying suitable locations for waste disposal based on availability resources, which can discard unnecessary expenditure, such as fuel consumption.
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Angga, La Ode, Dyah Ridhul Airin Datie, Popi Tuhulele, Sabri Fataruba, and Iqbal Taufiq. "Responsibility of Manufacturers in Waste Management of Plastic Packaged Drink Products Based on Law Number 18 of 2008 Regarding Waste Management (Case Study in Ambon City, Maluku Province)." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 16, no. 2 (April 23, 2021): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160212.
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This article is motivated by the large number of irresponsible use of plastic waste in Ambon city, Maluku Province. This research is a normative legal research. The results obtained in this paper are Waste Management of plastic packaging beverage products carried out by Ambon city producers in accordance with Law Number 18 of 2008 concerning Waste. Management to reclaim packaging that has been consumed by consumers so that they can be recycled systematically, thoroughly and in a sustainable manner. and produce goods using materials that are environmentally friendly and reusable. Apart from doing this, producers are also responsible for waste management in collaboration with the Ambon City Government as stated in Article 44 paragraph (1) of Ambon City Regulation Number 11 of 2015 which includes the provision / construction of Temporary Shelters (TPS) or TPS 3R. (Reduce Reuse). , Recycling), Final Disposal Site (TPA) or Integrated Waste Processing Site (TPST), as well as supporting facilities and infrastructure, in this case providing a vehicle for transporting waste from TPS or TPS 3R to TPA or TPST, TPA or TPST management and / or management other processed products. This cooperation takes the form of sorting, collecting, transporting, processing, and / or final processing of waste.
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Xu, Ankun, Huimin Chang, Yan Zhao, Haobo Tan, Ying Wang, Yan Zhang, Wenjing Lu, and Hongtao Wang. "Dispersion simulation of odorous compounds from waste collection vehicles: Mobile point source simulation with ModOdor." Science of The Total Environment 711 (April 2020): 135109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135109.
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Cuppens, A., G. Menesse, E. Caligaris, O. Marecos, and G. Wyseure. "A low-cost, open-source autonomous surface vehicle as a multipurpose waste stabilization pond monitoring platform." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 9, no. 1 (November 7, 2018): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.110.
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Abstract Although waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) are widely used in developing countries, monitoring data on their operational performance are scarce. Traditional methods for monitoring in-pond conditions, i.e. conducting hand held measurements from a small boat or installing fixed sensor networks, are not straightforward to realize and create an unhealthy working environment for field workers. A promising technology for the safe and efficient collection of monitoring data is a compact autonomous surface vehicle (ASV), capable of autonomous navigation along a predefined trajectory based on geographic coordinates and measurements in different places and depths. In this practical paper, the development process, technical details and functional testing results of a low-cost ASV for WSP monitoring are presented. Commonly available construction materials and electronic components were used to ensure affordability and reparability. The access to online tutorials and peer-support was crucial for assembling the open-source autopilot and data logger. The ASV demonstrated satisfactory performance for both the autonomous navigation as well as the georeferenced data logging of measurements at a real-scale WSP in Paraguay. This study demonstrates how the adoption of open-source hardware and software offers the flexibility for the wastewater professionals to develop customized DIY solutions for specific monitoring applications and working environments.
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Maimoun, Mousa, Kaveh Madani, and Debra Reinhart. "Multi-level multi-criteria analysis of alternative fuels for waste collection vehicles in the United States." Science of The Total Environment 550 (April 2016): 349–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.154.
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Avashia, Vidhee, Sundaravalli Narayanaswami, and Anurag Saxena. "Distromed Bioclean Pvt. Ltd." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 6, no. 4 (November 28, 2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-06-2016-0145.
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Subject area The subject area is operations management. Study level/applicability The case is to be used at master’s level, for example, MBA courses on operations management, operations research, logistics management and supply chain management. Case overview It was the morning of 20 September 2012 and the three directors of Distromed Bioclean Pvt. Ltd. were in the office discussing the developments from past night’s meeting with the Rajkot Chapter of the Indian Medical Association. They are a bio-medical waste treatment facility involved in collection, treatment and disposal services and charge yearly subscription fees. On 13 September 2012, fuel prices had gone up consecutively for the second year. Last year, the doctors resisted the fee hike and seemed reluctant this year again. In response, management of the company was looking for ways to minimize the total distance travelled by its fleet to reduce the operating cost. Expected learning outcomes The paper enables illustration of concepts of routing/scheduling and generation of optimal solutions in a realistic setting; and developing the understanding regarding the travelling salesman problem, Chinese postman problem and the entire family of vehicle routing problems and vehicle scheduling problems. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 9: Operations and Logistics.
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MONOGIOU (Ε. ΜΟΝΟΓΙΟΥ), E. "Legislative framework for the proper carrying out experimental protocols in laboratory animals and the management of carcasses." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 60, no. 3 (November 20, 2017): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.14927.
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There is a specific legal, both national and EU framework, that regulates animal testing and cadaver disposal. Indicatively, as far as the National legislation is concerned, the Presidential Decree 160/1991 and the Law 2015/1992 on the validation of the European Convention on the protection of laboratory animals is mentioned. As for the European legislation, the Council Directive 86/609/EEC as well as the Recommendation of the European Commission E (2007) 2525 is mentioned. Animal testing on laboratory animals consists of four actions as defined by meaning: the field of study, the licensing of experimentation (Reduction-Refinement-Replacement), the recommendation of a Commission of Ethics assessment and finally the Cost-benefit analysis. The aims of the above mentioned legislation are the following: reduction in the number of the laboratory animals in use, providing care to them, reduction of the fear and pain, suppress any attempt to avoid the unnecessary repetitions of experimental protocols and, finally, acquirement of alternative methods of research. The cadavers of laboratory animals (considered to be animal by-products) are part of category 1 and are handled accordingly based on the Veterinary legislation (European Regulation 1774/2002, Presidential Decree 211/2006) through the following stages: collection in special collectors, frozen storage, transfer with licensed vehicles and eventually, arrival at a licensed processing unit and final disposal of the material as waste via cremation or burial under hygienic conditions. The proper handling of laboratory animals is documented with many kinds of ancillary material. However, they can be handled also through the Medical Waste Legislation (as dangerous-infectious-toxic waste / category 2) with stages that take place either within or out of health units (Ministerial Decision 8668/2007, Joint Ministerial Decision 24944/1159) as follows: firstly, collection in appropriate confection and frozen storage, followed by transfer by licensed vehicles to a licensed unit, followed by cremation or sterilization and finally, disposal through burial under hygienic conditions. This way of handling of laboratory animals is documented by many kinds of subsidiary material. The Veterinary legislation, as well as the legislation concerning public health, imposes serious penalties to any violators. The current legal framework is accepted as the foundation which provides a basis for any efforts (a) improving care on the assessment of the cost/living quality ratio of laboratory animals, (b) substitution of these animals with alternative methods of research and (c) protection of the environment, in general, through the proper handling / traceability of the cadavers of the animals that are part of experiments.
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Brdjanovic, D., F. Zakaria, P. M. Mawioo, H. A. Garcia, C. M. Hooijmans, J. Ćurko, Y. P. Thye, and T. Setiadi. "eSOS® – emergency Sanitation Operation System." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 5, no. 1 (November 18, 2014): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2014.098.
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This paper presents the innovative emergency Sanitation Operation System (eSOS) concept created to improve the entire emergency sanitation chain and provide decent sanitation to people in need. The eSOS kit is described including its components: eSOS smart toilets, an intelligent excreta collection vehicle-tracking system, a decentralized excreta treatment facility, an emergency sanitation coordination center, and an integrated eSOS communication and management system. The paper further deals with costs and the eSOS business model, its challenges, applicability and relevance. The first application, currently taking place in the Philippines will bring valuable insights on the future of the eSOS smart toilet. It is expected that eSOS will bring changes to traditional disaster relief management.
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Savinkin, V. V., V. N. Kuznetsova, and A. S. Abilmazhinova. "Development of an Energy- Efficient Rotary Inertia Device for Briquetting Household Solid Waste (HSW)." World of Transport and Transportation 18, no. 1 (December 7, 2020): 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2020-18-38-57.
Full textAbstract:
Today, increasing volumes of household solid waste (HSW) pose a serious problem throughout the world. The solution to this problem is involvement of secondary raw materials and waste in production. The disposal of HSW includes laborious stages of its collection and transportation. Aggregates of the garbage truck work inefficiently, only pressing HSW into a shapeless mass, not subject to sorting and processing. The suggested re-equipment of a special vehicle with aggregates with the combined functions of «loading–forwarding–grinding–pressing– briquetting» will significantly reduce the energy consumption of the transportation process by providing simultaneous processing and briquetting of garbage at the time of its transportation. A scientific and technical problem arises in development of a technique for technical re-equipment of high-performance special equipment with given nominal energy and power characteristics of the machines. It was proposed to solve this problem by combining recuperative systems with reuse of the energy of gravity of the own mass of garbage. Thus, the objective of the work is to develop a rotor-inertial device with reduced energy intensity. Methods of analytical and statistical research of the model range of special equipment with an analysis of its technical characteristics have been applied. To solve the problem of developing a kinematic diagram of a briquetting device, a calculation was performed based on the method of modeling the structure of composite aggregates. Modeling was performed in SolidWorks program in Simulation application package. The developed kinematic diagrams of units and aggregates for briquetting and pressing garbage operate at rated power characteristics of hydraulic equipment achieved due to distribution of drive power among the most energy- loaded operations. The article presents the rationale for effectiveness of the developed rotary- inertia device for briquetting HSW. The originality of the design lies in the structural arrangement of the briquetting unit and the grinding mechanism. The use of the principles of inertial moments and gravity of own mass of garbage allowed us to significantly (by 25 %) reduce the energy consumption of the pressing process and formation of the finished briquette. The use of mechanical energy of the conveyor belt tensioners and of the mass of the roll increased with briquetting under its own weight, allowed to reduce the work spent to form compacted HSW from 48000 kJ to 11970 kJ, to reduce the volume of the pressed roll, to increase the utilization rate of load carrying capacity, to reduce the energy intensity of the process.