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Anwer, Zaheer, Alam Asadov, Nazrol K. M. Kamil, Mehroj Musaev, and Mohd Refede. "Islamic venture capital – issues in practice." ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance 11, no. 1 (June 17, 2019): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijif-06-2018-0063.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore the structure and underlying contracts of Islamic venture capital (IVC) and to evaluate its prospects. VC can be perceived as an investment vehicle possessing most of the desirable attributes of a Sharīʿah-compliant investment vehicle. There are certain issues involved in the formation, operations and exit strategies of these investments that are discussed in detail in this paper. Design/methodology/approach A detailed review of relevant literature is performed to identify how IVC investments can be made and how related issues may be resolved. Findings IVC investment has potential of incorporating Sharīʿah-compliant investment modes. Additionally, it may offer higher than average returns. These attributes can be desirable for Islamic finance industry that is currently in need of equity-based financing products. The major causes of lesser growth of IVC investments are lack of awareness among the investors and the absence of viable investment opportunities for small- and medium-scale investors. IVC may attract general public if established after extensive research aimed at introducing innovative products. Originality/value This paper provides an overview of a truly Sharīʿah-compliant investment vehicle, furnishes a synthesis of various suggestions made by industry and academia and suggests viable solutions for valuation, risk management and exit strategies.
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Taljegard, Maria, Lisa Göransson, Mikael Odenberger, and Filip Johnsson. "To Represent Electric Vehicles in Electricity Systems Modelling—Aggregated Vehicle Representation vs. Individual Driving Profiles." Energies 14, no. 3 (January 21, 2021): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030539.
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This study describes, applies, and compares three different approaches to integrate electric vehicles (EVs) in a cost-minimising electricity system investment model and a dispatch model. The approaches include both an aggregated vehicle representation and individual driving profiles of passenger EVs. The driving patterns of 426 randomly selected vehicles in Sweden were recorded between 30 and 73 days each and used as input to the electricity system model for the individual driving profiles. The main conclusion is that an aggregated vehicle representation gives similar results as when including individual driving profiles for most scenarios modelled. However, this study also concludes that it is important to represent the heterogeneity of individual driving profiles in electricity system optimisation models when: (i) charging infrastructure is limited to only the home location in regions with a high share of solar and wind power in the electricity system, and (ii) when addressing special research issues such as impact of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) on battery health status. An aggregated vehicle representation will, if the charging infrastructure is limited to only home location, over-estimate the V2G potential resulting in a higher share (up to 10 percentage points) of variable renewable electricity generation and an under-estimation of investments in both short- and long-term storage technologies.
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Lowies, Braam, Robert Brenton Whait, Christa Viljoen, and Stanley McGreal. "Fractional ownership – an alternative residential property investment vehicle." Journal of Property Investment & Finance 36, no. 6 (September 3, 2018): 513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-02-2018-0013.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the profile of the typical online fractional residential property investor in Australia. This study also seeks to understand the motives for engaging with and investing in alternative residential property investments. Design/methodology/approach This study employs a survey-based design via an online questionnaire to gather information on investor age, gender, type, education levels, time horizons and investment history and risk and return expectations. It also gathers information regarding investors’ financial literacy including tax implications of fractional property investment. Findings The findings of this study suggest amongst others, that fractional property investors tend to be younger, although the platform also attracts older investors including older females. The study also found that investors do not select alternative investment platforms in anticipation of super-normal investment returns. Return expectations are realistic and are based on a balance between capital growth and income. Practical implications This study indicates that alternative investment platforms lowers the barriers of entry into residential property for first time investors. It therefore creates opportunities to allow many first time individual investors to invest in property, often as an alternative to bank savings or investing in the stock market. Originality/value This study enhances our understanding of the influence of alternative investment platforms on investment decision-making. More specifically, it contrasts fractional property investment with more traditional investment opportunities to understand the motives of investors for diversifying into online investment vehicles.
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Leiby, Paul, and Jonathan Rubin. "Transitional Alternative Fuels and Vehicles Model." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1587, no. 1 (January 1997): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1587-02.
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The Transitional Alternative Fuels Vehicle model simulates the use and cost of alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles over the period 1996 to 2010. It is designed to examine the transitional period of alternative fuel and vehicle use. It accounts for dynamic linkages between investments and vehicle and fuel production capacity, tracks vehicle stock evolution, and represents the effects of increasing scale and expanding retail fuel availability on the effective costs to consumers. Fuel and vehicle prices and choices are endogenous. Preliminary results that illustrate the role of potentially important transitional phenomena are discussed. This model extends previous, long-run comparative static analyses of policies that assumed mature vehicle and fuel industries. As a dynamic transitional model, it can help to assess what may be necessary to reach mature, large-scale, alternative fuel and vehicle markets, and what it would cost.
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Dukoski, Stojan, Ljubisa Zlatevski, and Katerina Dukoska. "STOCKS AS AN INVESTMENT OPTION FOR THE INVESTMENT FUNDS." KNOWLEDGE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 30, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3001153d.
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Financial innovations bring for the investors the new choices of investment but at the same time make the investment process and investment decisions more complicated, because even if the investors have a wide range of alternatives to invest they can‘t forgot the key rule in investments: invest only in what you really understand. Thus the investor must understand how investment funds differ from each other and only then to choose those which best match his/her expectations. The most important characteristics of investment funds on which bases the overall variety of investment vehicles can be assorted are the return on investment and the risk which is defined as the uncertainty about the actual return that will be earned on an investment. Each type of investment funds could be characterized by certain level of profitability and risk because of the specifics of these financial investments. Stocks are one of the favourite investments for the investment funds because of their effectieveness,but also because of they are higly liquid on average, bring income through dividends,offer diversification through sectors and every fund manager can find reasonably priced stocks with the required effort. Investment funds choose stocks because they are a very attractive investment that offers a lot of oportunities for the funds.The basic opportunity is that they are very flexible investment that offers ownership in the companies that the funds invests in. This gives the fund the oportunity to take participation in the annual shareholders meeting,but also to take board seats.It means that the fund can send representatives that can in turn affect the way the company manages its assets.A lot of companies are open to receive capital from the investment funds because as an investment vehicle they have a lot of liquidity to offer. Every investment fund is centered on the needs of the investors and tries to combine their individual opinions into one grand strategy.Usualy investment funds allow bigger investors to choose their investments and provide for them special portfolio options.This means that investors gain opportunity to have their own investment portfolio,which they can track for themselves and compare to the market index. Stocks are a big part of the investment portfolio of every investment fund.They sometimes respresent more than a half of the overall investments of the investment funds.The reason for this lays in their relative simplicity and the lots of ways the investor can profit from this securities.
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Qi, Can, Ya Feng Wen, Duo Yang, Wei Liu, and Guo Liang Wu. "Study on Optimal Scale and Layout of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Based on Chaotic PSO Algorithm." Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (August 2013): 1869–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.1869.
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The index of investment cycle cost (ICC) and users convenience of electric vehicles are presented. Based on the aim to minimizing investing unit and user fees, fix a charging station model in scales and layouts. ICC consist initial investments, cost of network losses and investments for new transmission lines. Convenience is measured by electrical power consumption expense from users to the charging station. Adding constraint of grid security and economical efficiency, the optimization aim function was set which comprehensively considers investors and users cost and operation of power grid. Chaos Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (CPSO) was used to settle it. By empirical study of certain planning area, the proposed model and algorithm are proved to be scientific and effective.
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Taljegard, Maria, Lisa Göransson, Mikael Odenberger, and Filip Johnsson. "Electric Vehicles as Flexibility Management Strategy for the Electricity System—A Comparison between Different Regions of Europe." Energies 12, no. 13 (July 5, 2019): 2597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12132597.
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This study considers whether electric vehicles (EVs) can be exploited as a flexibility management strategy to stimulate investments in and operation of renewable electricity under stringent CO2 constraints in four regions with different conditions for renewable electricity (Sweden, Germany, the UK, and Spain). The study applies a cost-minimisation investment model and an electricity dispatch model of the European electricity system, assuming three types of charging strategies for EVs. The results show that vehicle-to-grid (V2G), i.e., the possibility to discharging the EV batteries back to grid, facilitates an increase in investments and generation from solar photovoltaics (PVs) compare to the scenario without EVs, in all regions except Sweden. Without the possibility to store electricity in EV batteries across different days, which is a technical limitation of this type of model, EVs increase the share of wind power by only a few percentage points in Sweden, even if Sweden is a region with good conditions for wind power. Full electrification of the road transport sector, including also dynamic power transfer for trucks and buses, would decrease the need for investments in peak power in all four regions by at least 50%, as compared to a scenario without EVs or with uncontrolled charging of EVs, provided that an optimal charging strategy and V2G are implemented for the passenger vehicles.
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Kalinichenko, Antonina, and Valerii Havrysh. "Environmentally Friendly Fuel Usage: Economic Margin of Feasibility." Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 26, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 241–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2019-0030.
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Abstract In the world there are two main problems concerning energy and ecology. Despite the crude oil price fluctuation, it has tended to increase. Moreover fossil fuel burning emits hazard compounds, including greenhouse gas. To solve them alternative fuels for vehicle have to be used. In due to properties, their usage impacts on the engine efficiency. The alternative fuel usage needs additional investment costs on the vehicle engines adaptation and fuel supply infrastructure. So, decisions must be based on mathematical apparatus. Three submodels were used in the suggested mathematical model: energy and economic indicator for fuels; energy and economic indicator for vehicles; criteria for investment projects. As a criterion of investment projects the profitability index has been grounded. The mathematical model and the algorithm for determining the feasibility of the alternative fuel utilization have been developed. The proposed algorithm includes the following stages: calculation of the fuel energy cost; calculation of the criteria for vehicles; determining the maximum value of investments; making decisions. Biofuels and gaseous fuels for some countries have been studied. The economic attractiveness of the alternative transport fuels has been presented. According to mathematical modeling, gaseous fuels are more economically attractive compared with liquid biofuels. Among gaseous fuels, LPG has a higher economic efficiency. The economic margin of alternative fuel application feasibility has been determined.
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Avadikyan, Arman, and Patrick Llerena. "A real options reasoning approach to hybrid vehicle investments." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 77, no. 4 (May 2010): 649–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2009.12.002.
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Kotze, Rick, Alan C. Brent, Josephine Musango, Imke de Kock, and Leonard A. Malczynski. "Investigating the Investments Required to Transition New Zealand’s Heavy-Duty Vehicles to Hydrogen." Energies 14, no. 6 (March 16, 2021): 1646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14061646.
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Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector is known to be an important contribution to climate change mitigation. Some parts of the transport sector are particularly difficult to decarbonize; this includes the heavy-duty vehicle sector, which is considered one of the “hard-to-abate” sectors of the economy. Transitioning from diesel trucks to hydrogen fuel cell trucks has been identified as a potential way to decarbonize the sector. However, the current and future costs and efficiencies of the enabling technologies remain unclear. In light of these uncertainties, this paper investigates the investments required to decarbonize New Zealand’s heavy-duty vehicle sector with green hydrogen. By combining system dynamics modelling literature and hydrogen transition modelling literature a customized methodology is developed for modelling hydrogen transitions with system dynamics modelling. Results are presented in terms of the investments required to purchase the hydrogen production capacity and the investments required to supply electricity to the hydrogen production systems. Production capacity investments are found to range between 1.59 and 2.58 billion New Zealand Dollars, and marginal electricity investments are found to range between 4.14 and 7.65 billion New Zealand Dollars. These investments represent scenarios in which 71% to 90% of the heavy-duty vehicle fleet are replaced with fuel cell trucks by 2050. The wide range of these findings reflects the large uncertainties in estimates of how hydrogen technologies will develop over the course of the next thirty years. Policy recommendations are drawn from these results, and a clear opportunity for future work is outlined. Most notably, the results from this study should be compared with research investigating the investments required to decarbonize the heavy-duty vehicle sectors with alternative technologies such as battery-electric trucks, biodiesel, and catenary systems. Such a comparison would ensure that the most cost effective decarbonization strategy is employed.
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Middelberg, Susanna L., Pieter van der Zwan, and Cobus Oberholster. "Zambian farm blocks: A vehicle for increased private sector investments." Open Agriculture 5, no. 1 (December 16, 2020): 817–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2020-0079.
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AbstractThe Zambian government has introduced the farm block development programme (FBDP) to facilitate agricultural land and rural development and encourage private sector investment. This study assessed whether the FBDP achieves these goals. Key obstacles and possible opportunities were also identified and, where appropriate, specific corrective actions were recommended. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted in Lusaka with various stakeholders of the FBDP. The FBDP is designed to facilitate agricultural land development and encourage private sector investment. However, the programme falls far short in terms of implementation, amidst policy uncertainty and lack of support. This is evident by the insecurity of land tenure which negatively affects small- and medium-scale producers’ access to financing, lack of infrastructure development of these farm blocks, and constraints in the agricultural sector such as low labour productivity and poor access to service expertise. It is recommended that innovative policy interventions should be created to support agricultural development. This can be achieved by following a multistakeholder approach through involving private, public and non-profit sectors such as non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and donors.
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Quirion-Blais, Olivier, André Langevin, and Martin Trépanier. "A case study of combined winter road snow plowing and de-icer spreading." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 44, no. 12 (December 2017): 1005–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2017-0185.
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In this article, we address a winter maintenance problem where the streets need to be plowed and gritted in a sequence that depends on the class of the road. The maintenance fleet includes vehicles equipped for plowing, some for spreading, and some for both at once. The objective is to complete the operations as rapidly as possible while considering street hierarchy, turn restrictions, heterogeneous speeds, and street–vehicle compatibility. An adaptive large neighborhood search framework is developed to solve the problem. Analysis of the results obtained can provide both a good basis for vehicle routing and help managers plan long-term policies and investments.
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MERKISZ, Jerzy. "The development circumstances of engine industry in Poland." Combustion Engines 129, no. 2 (May 1, 2007): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117326.
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Due to the investments of foreign companies, Poland became in a short time a big manufacturer of modern combustion engines. The success that was achieved should be maintained, as Poland still remains an attractive place for investments, and especially for the manufacturers from Western Europe who are looking for economies. Poland competes for getting new investments with many other countries. This article is an answer to the question concerning the reasons for such a situation, and it covers possible ways of engine industry development in our country in the aspect of the development of vehicle drives and the competitiveness of Polish scientific and technological potential as compared with other countries. This article presents the position of Poland as a manufacturer of engines as compared with world trends. The facts that decide about the attractiveness of Poland as a place of engine industry investment location are presented in this article as well as the presence of competitive advantage of other countries in some issues.
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DARCHERIF, Alexandre, Bilal AMGHAR, Abdelkrim DOUFENE, and Alain JAAFARI. "Deployment of electric vehicle charging infrastructure. Application to the city of Madrid." MATEC Web of Conferences 307 (2020): 01020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030701020.
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Most of the scientific and economic observers expect electric vehicles (EVs) to reach more than one-third of new vehicle sales, by 2022 [1]. This growth will be even more pronounced in 2040, when it’s expected that more than 40 million of electric vehicles will be sold each year worldwide, leading to a considerable need for electrical energy (the equivalent of the production of about twenty nuclear power plants). This growth cannot be ensured if we do not radically transform our power supply technologies (new generations of batteries, new engines, new supply strategies, etc.) especially since the principal materials for batteries are projected to disappear in the next thirty years. Fortunately, new technologies for charging EVs are appearing (fast charging stations, inductive charging stations), which could help to reducing the need for larger batteries. However, these technologies require significant investment and heavy urban redevelopment. It is therefore important to find a way to optimize these investments both economically and technologically. In this paper, we will focus on electric vehicles and propose a model to optimize the urban infrastructure planning of energy supply stations. we have developed a new approach of infrastructure optimization based on battery charging platform existing technologies and their location in a city. A decision support tool applied to territorial planning is developed in this study.
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Sharmila, P., and S. Mangaiarkarasi. "Verification and Provisional Privacy- Preservation Message Framework for VANETs." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 7, no. 12 (December 30, 2017): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse.v7i12.509.
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The Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs), certification is an important protection service for together inter-vehicle and vehicle-roadside transportations. The VANET is an invention that utilizes moving vehicles as hubs in a network to make a portable network to give correspondence among vehicles. In this paper proposed a novel framework with preservation and repudiation (ACPN) for VANETs. The proposed ACPN gives the contingent vehicle secrecy to privacy preservation with traceability for the non-repudiation, on the off chance that noxious vehicles manhandle mysterious verification procedures to accomplish pernicious assaults. A RTA produces cryptographic space parameters for the RSUs and vehicles in its district, and conveys these keys to them over secure channels. It deals with a rundown of vehicles of which the investments have been denied, refreshes the rundown intermittently, and promotes the rundown to the network to segregate the traded off vehicles. On the off chance that a vehicle transmits false messages for malevolent purposes out and about, the RTA is in charge of following and distinguishing the wellspring of the messages to determine any debate. RTAs at various locales must be cross-certified. Along these lines, vehicles from various areas or diverse makers can be verified to each other by means of RTAs. Demonstrate the plausibility of ACPN as for the framework investigation on the destinations, for example, validation, privacy preservation, non-repudiation, time limitation, independency, accessibility and joining. In addition, the capacity and calculation over-head of ACPN is assessed by quantitative estimations in the execution assessment.
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Kozlov, Petr, Valeria Kozlova, Nikolay Tushin, and Rimma Pisareva. "Model for Optimizing Investments in the Vehicle in the LTL Sector." Transportation Research Procedia 54 (2021): 470–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2021.02.097.
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Kulcsár, Balázs, Tamás Mankovits, and Piroska Gyöngyi Ailer. "The Renewable Energy Production Capability of Settlements to Meet Local Electricity and Transport Energy Demands." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 25, 2021): 3636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073636.
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In addition to the examination of electric power from local renewables, this study has sought the answer to the question of what proportion of vehicles are fueled by environmentally friendly energy saving technologies in the vehicle fleets of Hungarian settlements. Further, the study attempts to shed light on the self-sufficiency of Hungarian settlements with respect to the electricity and transport segments. In our assessments, the performance of small-scale household power plants (SSHPPs) utilizing local renewable energy sources, and small-scale power plants with installed capacities under 0.5 MW, was taken into account, as were the proportions of vehicles operating with partly or completely clean energy sources in the vehicle fleets of the individual settlements. Finally, the composition of the vehicle fleet has been examined in the light of the quantities of renewable electricity generated in the individual settlements, in order to consider whether these settlements are capable of covering the energy needs of their vehicle stocks from local sources. In the light of the results, the changes generated by the incentives and investments introduced over the past ten years can be established and subsequently, the energy policy needs in the future can be assessed. Our study has incorporated energy geography and settlement geography aspects.
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Haley, J. G., T. P. McCall, I. W. Maynard, and B. Chudoba. "A sizing-based approach to evaluate hypersonic demonstrators: demonstrator-carrier constraints." Aeronautical Journal 124, no. 1279 (April 17, 2020): 1318–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2020.30.
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ABSTRACTThe objective of this study is to identify, evaluate, and provide recommendations towards the realisation of near-term hypersonic flight hardware through the consideration of carrier vehicle constraints. The current rush of available funds for hypersonic research cannot cause a program to ignore growth potential for future missions. The prior NB-52 carrier vehicles, famous for the X-15 and X-43A missions, are retired. Next generation hypersonic demonstrator requirements will necessitate a substitution of carrier vehicle capability. Flight vehicle configuration, technology requirements, and recommendations are arrived at by constructing and evaluating a hypersonic technology demonstrator design matrix. This multi-disciplinary parametric sizing investigation of hypersonic vehicle demonstrators focuses on the evaluation of the combined carrier platform, booster, and hypersonic cruiser solution space topography. Promising baseline configurations are evaluated against operational requirements by trading fuel type, endurance cruise time, and payload weight. The multi-disciplinary study results are constrained with carrier payload mass and geometry limitations. The multi-disciplinary results provide physical insights into near-term hypersonic demonstrator payload and cruise time requirements that will stretch the capability of existing carrier aircraft. Any growth in hypersonic research aircraft size or capability will require new carrier vehicle investments.
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Bajracharya, Rajan Bilas, and Rushil Bhakta Mathema. "A Study of Investors’ Preference towards Mutual Funds in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal." Journal of Advanced Academic Research 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v4i2.19543.
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A Mutual Fund is an investment vehicle that pools funds from various investors and invests the funds in stocks, bonds, short-term money-market instruments, other securities or assets or some combination of these investments. The primary goal behind investment in mutual fund is to earn goods return with comparatively low risk. The main objective of this research is to identify investors’ preference towards mutual fund in Kathmandu metropolitan city. By using in structured questionnaire, Description statistical tools like chi-square test have been used for analyzing the data. The findings from this research are that the most of the investors are doubtful to invest the new age investment like mutual funds.
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Madeira, Bartolomeu, Jorge Gomes, and Mário Romão. "Applying Benefits Management to the Implementation of a Copy Point." International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences 8, no. 1 (January 2017): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsds.2017010102.
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We live in a macroeconomic period which is impacted by major technological changes. Organizations continue to invest heavily in new Information Systems and Information Technology (IS/IT) as a vehicle to increase productivity and add value to their business. Investment in IS/IT is not only acquiring technology, but above all investing in change. Difficulties in justifying investments in IS/IT are often the cause for uncertainty regarding expected benefits and are often identified as being one of the most critical management issues. In the literature, it is common to find reports about IS/IT investments that failed to achieve the expected results and benefits. Benefits Management approach (BM) tries to overcome this gap through a management process cycle that enhances the potential benefits from the planned use of IS/IT. In the authors' case study, BM was applied to an IS/IT initiative that radically changed the way an internal printing process is carried out, with the added advantage of producing greater environmental and economic sustainability. This study also shows that the application of BM can contribute to increasing the degree of benefits realization and value from investments in IS/IT initiatives.
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Limba, Rimas, and Jonas Lazauskas. "REALIZATION EFFECTS OF ENFORCING THE EU REGULATION ON THE INSTALLATION OF RECORDING EQUIPMENT IN VEHICLES." TRANSPORT 17, no. 3 (June 30, 2002): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16483840.2002.10414025.
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Preparing to become a member of the European Union Lithuania will have to keep the requirements of the EU Regulation 3821/85 EEC in road transport. It concerns the installation of recording equipment in the vehicles of international transportation and local passenger and freight transport. According to the EU Regulation recording equipment (tachographs) must not be installed in every vehicle and it will be done step by step. About 38 thousand of vehicles will have operating tachographs and for four years it will require about 8 million Lt of investments per year, but the conditions of work and rest of drivers will be improved and the number of accidents will be decreased.
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Higgins, Andrew, Stephen McFallan, Adam McKeown, Caroline Bruce, and Chris Chilcott. "Informing major government programs for rural transport infrastructure in northern Australia." Rangeland Journal 40, no. 4 (2018): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj18008.
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New or expanded agricultural industries in northern Australia require efficient and reliable supply chains and transport to domestic and international markets. A major challenge in the north is long transport distances of over 1000km between production and markets, along a sparse rural road/rail network that is largely unsealed and disrupted by seasonal flooding. To provide a comprehensive view of transport logistics costs and benefits due to infrastructure investments and regulatory changes in agriculture supply chains, the Australian Government commissioned CSIRO to develop the Transport Network Strategic Investment Tool (TraNSIT). TraNSIT optimises transport routes for up to hundreds of thousands of enterprises and millions of vehicle trips between farms and their markets, providing modelled input into operational and investment decisions. As part of a major Australian Government initiative, TraNSIT was used to directly inform the A$100 million 2016 Beef Roads Program targeting transport infrastructure investments across northern Australia. It was used to evaluate the transport savings for 60 road upgrade submissions, where the total construction cost exceeded A$3 billion. This paper highlights the innovations and experiences of using TraNSIT to inform the Beef Roads Program.
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Gryshchuk, Oleksandr, Volodymyr Hladchenko, and Uriy Overchenko. "CONVERTING THE VEHICLE BY REPLACING THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny, no. 4 (260) ’ 2019 (December 28, 2019): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2019-4-260-29-35.
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This article looks at some comparative statistics on the development and use of electric vehicles (hereinafter referred to as EM) as an example of sales and future sales forecasts for EM in countries that focus on environmental conservation. Examples of financial investments already underway and to be made in the near future by the largest automakers in the development and distribution of EM in the world are given. Steps are taken to improve the environmental situation in countries (for example, the prohibition of entry into the city center), the scientific and applied problem of improving the energy efficiency and environmental safety of the operation of wheeled vehicles (hereinafter referred to as the CTE). The basic and more widespread schemes of conversion of the internal combustion engine car (hereinafter -ICE) to the electric motor car (by replacing the gasoline or diesel electric motor), as well as the main requirements that must be observed for the safe use and operation of the electric vehicle. The problem is solved by justifying the feasibility of re-equipment of the KTZ by replacing the internal combustion engine with an electric motor. On the basis of the statistics collected by the State Automobile Transit Research Institute on the number of issued conclusions of scientific and technical expertise regarding the approval of the possibility of conversion of a car with an internal combustion engine (gasoline or diesel) to a car with an electric motor (electric vehicle), the conclusions on the feasibility of such conclusion were made. Keywords: electricvehicles, ecological safety, electricmotor, statistics provided, car, vehicle by replacing.
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Fernald, John G. "Roads to Prosperity? Assessing the Link Between Public Capital and Productivity." American Economic Review 89, no. 3 (June 1, 1999): 619–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.89.3.619.
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Does the positive correlation between infrastructure and productivity reflect causation? If so, in which direction? I find that when growth in roads (the largest component of infrastructure) changes, productivity growth changes disproportionately in U.S. industries with more vehicles. That vehicle-intensive industries benefit more from road-building suggests that roads are productive. At the margin, however, road investments do not appear unusually productive. Intuitively, the interstate system was highly productive, but a second one would not be. Road-building thus explains much of the productivity slowdown through a one-time, unrepeatable productivity boost in the 1950's and 1960's. (JEL E62, O47, R53)
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Kohzadi Seifabad, Omran, Amiruddin Ismail, Samira Matinrad, and Mohammad Hesam Hafezi. "The Significant and Acceptable Features of Urban Public Vehicles for Travellers in Terms of Urbanization." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 1152–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.1152.
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Good decisions about transportation investments and policies require accurate information to the characteristic of transportation system alternatives that are acceptable to individual and social are most important and necessary to identification and consideration. The primary aims of this research are to clarify the relationships between urban vehicle’s traits that are acceptable for individual and social from urban planning perspective. The study finds that are acceptable vehicle’s characteristics and do effects on individual or traveller include travel time, travel costs, safety and security, convenience, available and assurances. It is worth mentioning factors such as climate, geographic location, cultural factors and economic status are factors that will be affecting on the urban transportation traits from individual and society perspective. Methodology of this research is on based of field study (field observation, data collection, take photo and some interview) and library study (literature review, study about title and else). The study wants to do discuss via analytically and descriptively methods. The aims here are to gain a better understanding of the variables that effect on the acceptable urban vehicle traits for individual. Therefore, research will focus on identification and consideration of most important traits of the urban vehicles that is acceptable for the passenger or individual perspective. This is not only solving way to global problems about urban vehicle's traits from individual and society perspective because of various factors with different traits will become in order to play.
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Albrahim, Mohammed, Ahmed Al Zahrani, Anvita Arora, Rubal Dua, Bassam Fattouh, and Adam Sieminski. "An overview of key evolutions in the light-duty vehicle sector and their impact on oil demand." Energy Transitions 3, no. 1-2 (September 9, 2019): 81–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41825-019-00017-7.
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Abstract The light-duty vehicle (LDV) sector is undergoing many changes, including technological advancements (e.g., vehicle electrification, automation), new business models (e.g., ride-hailing), and government regulations and policies (e.g., fuel economy (FE) standards, zero-emission vehicle mandates, infrastructure investments, and incentives to encourage adoption of alternative fuel vehicles). Despite significant uncertainty, these developments, combined with demographic growth, will influence the future LDV fleet size and composition, and consequently the oil demand from LDVs. This paper provides a review of changes in the LDV sector and an assessment of their impact on oil demand. It takes into account the impact of LDV fleet growth, increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) and alternative fuels (focus on biofuels), and improvements in internal combustion engine vehicles’ (ICEV) FE. Our analysis indicates that oil demand in 2040 could remain unchanged relative to 2016, but depending on the development of certain trends, demand could shrink or increase by ~6 million barrels per day (±25% relative to 2016). Our findings suggest that ICEV FE improvements could have a much greater impact on oil demand than the emergence of EVs. Moreover, preliminary research indicates that automation and shared mobility could reinforce the economic attractiveness of EVs, thereby increasing their penetration and impact on oil demand. Because of uncertainties in the development of these two trends by 2040 and difficulties in quantifying the complex interactions, we have not captured these effects in our model. Therefore, the range of uncertainty on the oil demand evolution could be even higher than our model indicates.
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Meszaros, Ferenc, Mohamad Shatanawi, and Gabriel Ayobami Ogunkunbi. "Challenges of the Electric Vehicle Markets in Emerging Economies." Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 49, no. 1 (February 12, 2020): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/pptr.14037.
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Electric mobility is an emerging market around the world. Electric vehicles have remarkable environmental gains compared to conventional vehicles, they contribute to decreasing fossil energy dependence, but they need huge investments in charging infra-structure and their market price is much above regular ones. The conditions for market penetration are generally critical in emerging economies, where the purchasing power is far below that of developed economies. In addition, further technical and regulatory barriers hinder the market uptake and augmentation. This paper aims to discover and analyze the current market conditions of electric vehicles in selected emerging economies and to set up augmentation pathways, based on experiences in developed and in developing countries.
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Maya Toro, Lina Maria, and Manuela Gallon Bedoya. "Impact of Private Equity in Colombian Companies: A Case Study." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 4, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ejes-2018-0060.
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Abstract A private equity fund is an investment vehicle managed by a professional team, whose main objective is to provide a medium or long-term return to its investors through capital investments in companies that are not listed on the stock exchange. In Colombia the first professional managers of private equity funds arrived in 2005, Since that date, several companies have been formed dedicated to this, such as Valorar Futuro, an investment fund which bought Aderezos and Higietex. The aim of this research was to determine the impact of the leverage of a private capital fund on the economic growth of a company. Financial balances of the companies Aderezos and Higietex were obtained from 2013 to 2017 and analyzed. Finally, it was found that the private capital fund allowed growth in the companies Aderezos and Higietex.
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Maninnerby, Bergerland, Lazarou, and Theocharis. "Electric Vehicle Penetration in Distribution Network: A Swedish Case Study." Applied System Innovation 2, no. 3 (June 28, 2019): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/asi2030019.
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This study aims to simulate the use of renewable energy in the form of different energy sources, such as solar cells, district heating, and in the presence of battery storage and for high penetration of electric vehicles in a typical Swedish power grid. The EnergyPLAN software is used. The purpose is to examine the demands in order to cope with the needs that may arise and to create a better understanding of how renewable energy affects the power balance and future investments in the case of a typical Swedish distribution system. The importance of this research is mainly based on the fact that it represents a real network, as it operates today, which is analyzed using the expected electric vehicle penetration. The aim is to investigate the expansion needs for maintaining the current quality for service despite the addition of new loads. In addition, the regional and national special regulatory and operational requirements are taken into account and described in this work.
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Rimkus, Aleksas. "OPTIMIZATION OF GEOMETRIC FORMS FOR URBAN TRANSPORT STOPS/VISUOMENINIO TRANSPORTO STOTELIŲ RACIONALIŲ GEOMETRINIŲ FORMIŲ NUSTATYMAS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 5, no. 2 (April 30, 1999): 116–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.1999.10531445.
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In order to improve the functioning of urban transport it is necessary to increase the efficiency of intermediate stops and organization of municipal transport service. There are two ways of solving problems of developing urban transport: 1) to install special lanes in the streets for urban transport only and 2) to improve the geometric forms of the existing stops arranging stop “pockets”. The first way requires a lot of investments. The second is more preferable. It allows a safe and efficient use of vehicles, an increase in stop usage intensity. Therefore it may be considered the most important means for developing passenger transport. The experimental investigations have shown that stop pockets should be of 4 m width. Such pockets diminish considerably the number of conflict situations and troubles with transport vehicles driving along the first and second lanes and ensure for passengers the possibilities of getting comfortably and safely on a vehicle. An abrupt braking of a bus or trolley-bus before a stop or in its area affects in an unpleasant way the passengers, causes dangerous situations, transport vehicles are sometimes damaged and shear stresses result in street covering deformations. It was established that deceleration and acceleration lengths depend on a vehicle speed influenced by deceleration and acceleration value a = 1,2 m/s2. The length of deceleration and acceleration is from 30 to 116 m. It has been found by an analysis for tracks of public transport vehicles entering and leaving the stop pockets that they do not enter a stop pocket by a radius arc but by a varying curve. The shape of such a curve depends on drivers' professional skills, vehicle technical parameters and speed. In accordance with experiments and calculations, data and formulas were obtained for detailed coordinates of stop pockets. Geometric forms and parameters of stop pockets were established. Regarding the geometric shape of stop pockets, the entering speed of vehicles and their plans as initial parameters, the dimensional values of stop pocket elements were differentiated according to categories of streets and their disposition in relation to crossings (Table 4.2). The calculations have shown that investments into stop pocket development are profitable in many aspects: the entire area of a stop pocket is used, the traffic safety and duration of street coverings are increased, no traffic jams occur before the stop, the passenger servicing and municipal transport maintenance are improved. The expenses for installing a stop pocket in repaid in 0,49 of a year.
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Bosso, Nicola, Antonio Gugliotta, and Nicolò Zampieri. "Design and testing of an innovative monitoring system for railway vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, no. 2 (October 26, 2016): 445–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409716675005.
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In recent years there has been increased interest in developing a safer and more efficient railway system, as the railway has demonstrated the potential to become the most sustainable mode of transport. In Europe, significant investments have been made in order to increase the speed of both passenger and freight vehicles, but a good efficiency of railway transport can be achieved only if it is possible to ensure a high level of safety and reliability. These requirements can be achieved by adopting onboard diagnostic systems in order to increase the vehicle safety and to improve the strategies for a scheduled and corrective maintenance. This study shows the design and testing of an onboard monitoring system, which can be installed on different types of railway vehicles. The system is able to detect anomalies of the running behavior of vehicles and faults at the component level.
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Cohn, Jesse, Richard Ezike, Jeremy Martin, Kwasi Donkor, Matthew Ridgway, and Melissa Balding. "Examining the Equity Impacts of Autonomous Vehicles: A Travel Demand Model Approach." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 5 (March 19, 2019): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119836971.
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As investments in autonomous vehicle (AV) technology continue to grow, agencies are beginning to consider how AVs will affect travel behavior within their jurisdictions and how to respond to this new mobility technology. Different autonomous futures could reduce, perpetuate, or exacerbate existing transportation inequities. This paper presents a regional travel demand model used to quantify how transportation outcomes may differ for disadvantaged populations in the Washington, D.C. area under a variety of future scenarios. Transportation performance measures examined included job accessibility, trip duration, trip distance, mode share, and vehicle miles traveled. The model evaluated changes in these indicators for disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged communities under scenarios when AVs were primarily single-occupancy or high-occupancy, and according to whether transit agencies responded to AVs by maintaining the status quo, removing low-performing routes, or applying AV technology to transit vehicles. Across the performance measures, the high-occupancy AV and enhanced transit scenarios provided an equity benefit, either mitigating an existing gap in outcomes between demographic groups or reducing the extent to which that gap was expanded.
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Kozlovskyi, Serhii, Vladyslav Bolhov, Allam Yousuf, Albina Batechko, Larisa Hlushchenko, and Nataliia Vitka. "Marketing analysis of the electromobile market as a factor in the innovation of the national economy." Innovative Marketing 15, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.15(1).2019.04.
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The marketing development of the electric vehicle market can be considered as a key element of innovative changes in the national economy. Object of research is the development of the electric vehicle market. The purpose of this article is the theoretical substantiation and development of guidelines for determining the rating of countries by the level of development of this market as a determining factor in the innovative development of the national economy. In the study, expert survey methods, logical generalization and comparison of results, statistical analysis and graphical presentation of results were used. The study conducted a marketing analysis of sales and production of electric cars, government programs to stimulate them, existing rating indicators of countries for the development of the electric vehicle market, and based on the results, a method for determining the integrated rating indicator of national economy innovativeness was developed. The article established that in countries that are world economic leaders, the growing interest of consumers and manufacturers of cars to electric vehicles, which is actively supported by government programs and incentives. It is proposed to use a integrated indicator of innovative development of the national economy, which are directly related to the market of electric vehicles. This indicator consists of the following factors: share of investments in the development of branches related to the national production of electric vehicles; level of growth of electric transport in the country’s total fleet; the share of electric vehicles in total number of cars produced in the country; level of increase in the amount of electricity produced based on RES in total; infrastructure development; level of state support for the market. The use of these integrated factors in marketing analysis will determine the level of the world leader in the country, its innovative development.
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Waddell, Jonathan M., Stephen M. Remias, Jenna N. Kirsch, and Stanley E. Young. "Scalable and Actionable Performance Measures for Traffic Signal Systems using Probe Vehicle Trajectory Data." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2674, no. 11 (August 27, 2020): 304–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198120941847.
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Scalable and actionable performance measures for traffic signal systems provide opportunities for practitioners to measure and improve the transportation network. Historically, traffic signal improvements have relied on scheduled signal retiming based on limited data collection, or on the public to call and alert engineers of an issue. This inefficient method of improving signal timing led to the creation of automated traffic signal performance measures (ATSPMs). These metrics rely on expensive infrastructure, including detection and communications, which has produced barriers for numerous agencies to fully adopt. Recently, third-party data providers have begun to release vehicle trajectory data, which allows for enhanced signal metrics with no investment in physical equipment. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the use of these data and summarize the scalability of the created metrics. This work builds on previous efforts to quantify signal performance on nine intersections in Michigan, U.S. Ten signalized corridors in Columbus, Ohio, were chosen to scale a performance assessment using crowdsourced trajectory data. A total of 136 intersections were assessed in 2-h intervals using data from all weekdays in 2017. High-level corridor summary metrics including average percent of vehicles stopping (18%–32%), average delay (9.4–20.5 s), and level of travel time reliability (1.23–2.73) were calculated for each corridor direction. Intersection-level metrics were also introduced, which can be used by practitioners to identify problems, improve signal timings, and prioritize future infrastructure investments.
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Mayer, Dirk, Thilo Bein, Hendrik Buff, Benedict Götz, Oliver Schwarzhaupt, and Dominik Spancken. "Enhanced lightweight design by composites – Results of the EU project ENLIGHT." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 37, no. 19 (March 22, 2018): 1217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684418762321.
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Over recent decades, cars have become larger and heavier with every new generation. The main drivers of such a weight increase have been the improved safety and comfort requirements. Decades of R&D investments to tackle this tendency have resulted in a substantial increase in the weight-specific performance of components and assemblies in terms of cost, strength and stiffness. However, the need for weight reduction in future electric vehicles, without unduly compromising performance and safety, is even stronger since additional weight translates into either reduced driving range or in larger, heavier and more expensive batteries. Within this context, the European Green Vehicle project ENLIGHT developed highly innovative lightweight material technologies for application in structural vehicle parts of future volume produced electric vehicles. Among others, ENLIGHT developed thermoplastic matrix composite and associated manufacturing technologies to a stage that they were applicable at least in medium volume production. The material development was complemented by investigating the required manufacturing and assembly technologies as well. In this paper, a summary of the major results obtained during the four-year project year is presented. A special focus is given to a semi-active composite control arm with significant reduced weight but enhanced NVH properties.
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Buciuman, Catalin Marin, Liana Hancu, Cristian Vilau, and Cristina Stefana Miron Borzan. "Research Regarding Design and Material for an Electrical Car Charger Shell." Materiale Plastice 56, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 488–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/mp.19.3.5215.
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In the recent years, the electric vehicles have drawn great attention worldwide as a feasible solution for clean transportation. The charging infrastructure for electric vehicles is expanding throughout the world, encouraged by large investments from the automotive industry, to reduce carbon emissions. The purpose of this paper is to design the shell of an electrical vehicle charger by using polymeric composite materials. The manufacturing technology is proposed and the analysis of the product behaviour during the wind action in extreme conditions is presented. The paper includes studies and research regarding the design, the manufacturing and the simulation for the action of wind upon the product�s walls. The simulations are performed for the actual used material (ordinary sheet steel) and for the proposed composite material in order to compare the results. The composite material seems to be an adequate solution for the electric charger shell.
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Peiris, Sujanie, Janneke Berecki-Gisolf, Bernard Chen, and Brian Fildes. "Road Trauma in Regional and Remote Australia and New Zealand in Preparedness for ADAS Technologies and Autonomous Vehicles." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (May 26, 2020): 4347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114347.
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Achieving remote and rural road safety is a global challenge, exacerbated in Australia and New Zealand by expansive geographical variations and inconsistent population density. Consequently, there exists a rural-urban differential in road crash involvement in Australasia. New vehicle technologies are expected to minimise road trauma globally by performing optimally on high quality roads with predictable infrastructure. Anecdotally, however, Australasia’s regional and remote areas do not fit this profile. The aim of this study was to determine if new vehicle technologies are likely to reduce road trauma, particularly in regional and remote Australia and New Zealand. An extensive review was performed using publicly available data. Road trauma in regional and remote Australasia was found to be double that of urban regions, despite the population being approximately one third of that in urban areas. Fatalities in 100 km/h + speed zones were overrepresented, suggestive of poor speed limit settings. Despite new vehicle ownership in regional and remote Australasia being comparable to major cities, road infrastructure supportive of new vehicle technologies appear lacking, with only 1.3–42% of all Australian roads, and 67% of all New Zealand roads being fully sealed. With road quality in regional and remote areas being poorly mapped, the benefits of Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS) technologies cannot be realised despite the fact new vehicles with these technologies are penetrating the fleet. Investments should be made into sealing and separating roads but more importantly, for mapping the road network to create a unified tracking system which quantifies readiness at a national level.
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S.M, Smitha, Goutham S. Tantri, Manjunatha M. J, Vardhan Ch, Gagan G. L, and Vijay kumar G. Naik. "Intelligent Solar Tracker Vehicle for Supply Channel of Electric Vehicle Need Using Image Processing and Mobile Network." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 5, no. 6 (July 12, 2020): 1270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20jun1126.
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Harnessing the renewable energy sources in efficient way is the present day need when the nonrenewable sources are depleting in alarming rate. Many available renewable sources are hardly harnessed due to high conversion cost and sophisticated technical need. Solar is one of the reliable renewable resource and it is environment friendly and easy to convert into other forms i.e. heat and electric. The electricity generation in solar is based on silicon technology and its production and implementation is of low cost. And embedding the pros of other related technology can increase the productivity which can be used to recharge a battery pack in less duration. In the present era of electric vehicle implementation need for stored electrical energy reserve is increasing but its supply chain is not developed efficiently. To replace the petroleum-based vehicles completely the electric battery supply system should be implemented in large and efficient quantity with low investments. The main issue is of recharging the battery which is economically infeasible with domestic power supply system. In present digitalized world these resources are expected to be a mobile service and automated system. In this paper we mainly propose an effective solution for these problems with the use of image processing and robotics technologies. In the paper the solution is validated implementing a prototype of the proposed system and presenting its performance analysis.
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Kinyondo, Godbertha, and Yuda Julius Chatama. "Impact of China’s cooperation: the case of Chinese garages in Tanzania." Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies 8, no. 1 (February 2, 2015): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcefts-01-2015-0003.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to investigate China ' s motive for its relations with Africa. Within that broad framework, the paper investigates China–Tanzania cooperation from an economic and social development perspective. It analyses the status of Chinese investments and, more specifically, it focuses on the increasing numbers of Chinese garages and assesses whether they have positive spill-over towards achievement of sustainable development. Design/methodology/approach – Case study was used; it involves an up-close, in-depth and detailed examination of the growth of Chinese garages in Tanzania, as well as its related contextual conditions including the overall impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on the vehicle repair sector in Tanzania. Scholarly works from various sources including researchers as well as authoritative reports were consulted. Findings – The paper shows that there is an increase in Chinese garage investment which has brought significant benefits such as technology spill-over, increased employment albeit at low-level pay as well as functioning as a stimulus for Tanzanian self-employment. Practical implications – A free market environment which attracts significant FDI including Chinese garages should be strengthened. Chinese garages should not employ Chinese when there are Tanzanians with required expertise. Further research on the long history of relations between Tanzania and Scandinavian countries is better for comparison. Originality/value – The paper presents original findings based on scholarly work related to the growth of Chinese garage investments in Tanzania.
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Maes, Kim, Steven De Haes, and Wim Van Grembergen. "IT Value Management as a Vehicle to Unleash the Business Value from IT Enabled Investments." International Journal of IT/Business Alignment and Governance 3, no. 1 (January 2012): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitbag.2012010103.
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Already in the nineties studies which discussed the IT productivity paradox, where no clear correlation could be found between IT spend and the bottom-line impact, other research streams emerged, revealing findings that do illustrate the positive impact of IT enabled investments on firm performance. Several studies concluded that the necessary conditions to overcome the IT productivity paradox are to be found in a better IT value management approach. New IT value management frameworks and models are emerging and promoted by both academics and advisory entities, while organizations recognize its importance, they still struggle with getting such IT value management practices implemented into their organizations. This paper investigates prior research on IT value management and the implementation of it using a model of structures, processes and relational mechanisms. By doing so, this paper hopefully will create interest in exploring future research opportunities for academics and provide practitioners with an accurate overview of proven governance and management practices described in literature that can be used in their day-to-day operations.
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Hu, Haoxuan, and Yuchen Zhang. "An Empirical Research of the Mechanism from Electric Vehicle Production to Charging Station R&D in China." Processes 9, no. 8 (August 15, 2021): 1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9081407.
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Electric vehicles (EVs) are regarded as an effective method for dealing with serious environmental pollution. The Chinese government has implemented a series of incentives to accelerate the promotion of EV. However, the increasing production of EVs gives rise to a greater demand for better quality charging station. This study aimed to certify the impact of the production of EVs on charging station research and development (R&D) in China, with mediating effect methods and a panel fixed effect model. The conclusions derived from the study were: (1) Statistically, the production of EVs positively and significantly impacts charging station R&D; (2) the mediating role of investment in charging stations is verified in the relationship between the production of EVs and charging station R&D; (3) environmental tax can moderate the relationship between the production of EVs and charging station R&D. These results implicate, for the first time, that the production of EVs can enhance charging station R&D through the mediating role of charging station investments and the moderating role of environmental tax.
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Arancibia, Demián, Amelia Bayo, Guillermo Cabrera-Vives, Francisco Föster, Roberto González, Mario Hamuy, Juan Carlos Maureira, et al. "The Data Observatory, a vehicle to foster digital economy using natural advantages in astronomy in Chile." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, A30 (August 2018): 591–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392131900557x.
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AbstractThe Astroinformatics Program is funded by the Chilean Economy Ministry’s (FIE Grant FIE-2016-V022, CORFO Grant 16IFI6626) with the mission to identify and initiate investments to foster Chilean Digital Economy, using Astronomy data-centric tools (known as astroinformatics). Over 2017 we worked with communities across sectors identifying opportunities to achieve the program mission, the Data Observatory vision emerged from that work and will guide design activities throughout 2018.
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Sun, Hongxia, Yao Wan, and Huirong Lv. "System Dynamics Model for the Evolutionary Behaviour of Government Enterprises and Consumers in China’s New Energy Vehicle Market." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 20, 2020): 1578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041578.
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Exhaust pollution and energy crises are worsening worldwide. China has become the largest motor vehicle producer; thus, promoting the use of new energy vehicles (NEVs) in China has important practical significance. In this paper, considering the limited rationality of governments, NEV enterprises and consumers, we study the subsidy policy of the China NEV market using the evolutionary game and system dynamics (SD) methods. First, a tripartite evolutionary game model is developed and the replicator dynamics equations and Jacobian matrix are obtained. A SD simulation of the model was conducted to further clarify the impact of the initial market proportion and three variables used in the model. The results show that the initial market proportion affects the evolution speed but does not affect the evolution result when the three group players all choose a mixed strategy. For governments, they should not hastily cancel price subsidies provided to consumers; rather, they should dynamically adjust the rate of the subsidy decrease and increase the consumers’ extra cost for purchasing fuel vehicles (FVs). NEV enterprises should appropriately increase their investments in the research and development (R&D) of NEVs.
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Rasiński, Tymoteusz. "Trolleybus communication as one of the alternatives to modern public transport." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.384.
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The article presents an alternative means of public transport such as a trolleybus as an example of an ecological vehicle. Three still functioning trolleybus systems in Poland were discussed, with reference to rolling stock, as well as investments that were implemented to develop trolleybus lines. The subject of environmental and economic benefits resulting from the exploitation of trolleybuses in relation to bus and tram communications was also discussed.
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Calsavara, Felipe, Felipe Issa Kabbach, and Ana Paula C. Larocca. "Effects of Fog in a Brazilian Road Segment Analyzed by a Driving Simulator for Sustainable Transport: Drivers’ Speed Profile under In-Vehicle Warning Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (September 22, 2021): 10501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910501.
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Intelligent transport systems enable vehicles to communicate with each other and with the environment, ensuring road safety. Their implementation can help reduce the number of accidents, especially in stretches of s-curves, where speed control is essential to ensure the safety of drivers, and under hazardous weather conditions. Such systems promptly notify drivers about potentially dangerous road conditions, such as fog, so that they can better adapt their driving behavior. This study evaluates the driver’s speed profile in different scenarios (clear weather, fog weather, and fog with an in-vehicle fog warning system) considering the road geometry elements (s-curves). A driving simulator recreated the real scenarios of a principal Brazilian road segment, showing the geometric and weather conditions of a road known for its several s-curves and frequent incidence of fog. A preliminary study identified the most critical curves through a weighted severity index methodology to define the critical segment. The results showed drivers considerably reduced their speed in the scenario with a warning system, thus contributing to the safety of s-curved segments. The implementation of in-vehicle warning systems can avoid or reduce the need for major infrastructure interventions such as geometric design, through investments in new intelligent transport systems.
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Nel, Rudie, and Johann Du Plooy. "The Role Of Tax Incentives In Reducing CO2 Emissions Evidence From Vehicle Manufacturers." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 12, no. 5 (April 27, 2013): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v12i5.7830.
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The objective of the study was to consider the role of tax incentives (deductions and allowances in terms of the South African Income Tax Act) in reducing carbon dioxide (CO2)emissions in the automotive industry. The objective was achieved in the light of qualitative empirical evidence obtained from South African vehicle manufacturers. A questionnaire was circulated to nine South African vehicle manufacturers and the responses were interpreted to establish whether current tax incentives provide an incentive to reduce CO2 emissions. Findings highlighted the importance of tax incentives in reducing CO2 emissions and suggest that vehicle manufacturers regard tax incentive-driven policies as the most effective tool in reducing CO2 emissions. However, since it is difficult to qualify for current tax incentives, this approach might not provide the necessary incentive to reduce CO2 emissions. It is recommended that tax incentive policies either be simplified or alternative initiatives be introduced to encourage investments in the reduction of CO2 emissions.
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Ireshika, Muhandiram Arachchige Subodha Tharangi, Ruben Lliuyacc-Blas, and Peter Kepplinger. "Voltage-Based Droop Control of Electric Vehicles in Distribution Grids under Different Charging Power Levels." Energies 14, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 3905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14133905.
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If left uncontrolled, electric vehicle charging poses severe challenges to distribution grid operation. Resulting issues are expected to be mitigated by charging control. In particular, voltage-based charging control, by relying only on the local measurements of voltage at the point of connection, provides an autonomous communication-free solution. The controller, attached to the charging equipment, compares the measured voltage to a reference voltage and adapts the charging power using a droop control characteristic. We present a systematic study of the voltage-based droop control method for electric vehicles to establish the usability of the method for all the currently available residential electric vehicle charging possibilities considering a wide range of electric vehicle penetrations. Voltage limits are evaluated according to the international standard EN50160, using long-term load flow simulations based on a real distribution grid topology and real load profiles. The results achieved show that the voltage-based droop controller is able to mitigate the under voltage problems completely in distribution grids in cases either deploying low charging power levels or exhibiting low penetration rates. For high charging rates and high penetrations, the control mechanism improves the overall voltage profile, but it does not remedy the under voltage problems completely. The evaluation also shows the controller’s ability to reduce the peak power at the transformer and indicates the impact it has on users due to the reduction in the average charging rates. The outcomes of the paper provide the distribution grid operators an insight on the voltage-based droop control mechanism for the future grid planning and investments.
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Latinopoulos, Charilaos, Aruna Sivakumar, and John W. Polak. "Optimal Pricing of Vehicle-to-Grid Services Using Disaggregate Demand Models." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 1090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041090.
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The recent revolution in electric mobility is both crucial and promising in the coordinated effort to reduce global emissions and tackle climate change. However, mass electrification brings up new technical problems that need to be solved. The increasing penetration rates of electric vehicles will add an unprecedented energy load to existing power grids. The stability and the quality of power systems, especially on a local distribution level, will be compromised by multiple vehicles that are simultaneously connected to the grid. In this paper, the authors propose a choice-based pricing algorithm to indirectly control the charging and V2G activities of electric vehicles in non-residential facilities. Two metaheuristic approaches were applied to solve the optimization problem, and a comparative analysis was performed to evaluate their performance. The proposed algorithm would result in a significant revenue increase for the parking operator, and at the same time, it could alleviate the overloading of local distribution transformers and postpone heavy infrastructure investments.
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P.Y., Sabelnikov, and Sabelnikov Y.A. "Technology for determining the speed of cars using a smartphone." Artificial Intelligence 25, no. 2 (July 15, 2020): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/jai2020.02.031.
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In the article the possibility of using a smartphone with an integrated set of necessary technical means (several video cameras, accelerometers, gyroscope, magnetometer, GPS sensor, GSM and Wi-Fi wireless communication) for implementing the technology of video recording of vehicle speed is investigated and established. The main algorithmic and software components of a smartphone are proposed, which allow to identify and to accompany a vehicle, as well as to determine its speed. Installation and initial setup of the device is simple. It is only necessary to measure and enter in the device height of its arrangement. In the article the possibility of using a smartphone with an integrated set of necessary technical means for implementing the technology of video recording of vehicle speed is investigated and established. The smartphone has a low cost and power consumption, the ability to operate in the required temperature range, as well as a set of physically built-in necessary technical means: several video cameras, accelerometers, gyroscope, magnetometer, GPS sensor, GSM and Wi-Fi wireless communication. Due to its low power consumption, it can also run on solar panels during the day when no other power source is available. The cost of a smartphone with very good characteristics does not exceed 10,000 UAH. The paper proposes the main components of the algorithmic support of the device. The use of the Lucas-Kanade method for the implementation of tracking and the calculation in the interpixel space of the coordinates of the points of the vehicle's trajectory will improve the accuracy of measurements of the traveled distance and the vehicle's speed on short sections of the trajectory. The proposed algorithm for calculating the vehicle speed requires entering only one parameter - the height of the device. Therefore, installation and initial setup of the device is simple. It is enough to measure and enter this parameter into the device. Large-scale introduction of a device for measuring vehicle speed, built on the basis of a smartphone, is possible due to relatively small investments in the development of its mechanical part, algorithmic and software.
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Gao, Xuehong. "A Novel Reverse Logistics Network Design Considering Multi-Level Investments for Facility Reconstruction with Environmental Considerations." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 13, 2019): 2710. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092710.
Full textAbstract:
Reverse logistics is convincingly one of the most efficient solutions to reduce environmental pollution and waste of resources by capturing and recovering the values of the used products. Many studies have been developed for decision-making at tactical, practical, and operational levels of the reverse supply chain. However, many enterprises face a challenge that is how to design the reverse logistics networks into their existing forward logistics networks to account for both economic and environmental sustainability. In this case, it is necessary to design a novel reverse logistics network by reconstructing the facilities based on the existing forward logistics network. Multi-level investments are considered for facility reconstruction because more investment and more advanced remanufacturing technologies need to be applied to reduce the carbon emissions and improve facility capacities. Besides, uncertain elements include the demand for new products and return quantity of used products, making this problem challenging. To handle those uncertain elements, a bi-objective stochastic integer nonlinear programming model is proposed to facilitate this novel reverse logistics network design problem with economic and environmental objectives, where tactical decisions of facility locations, investment level choices, item flows, and vehicle assignments are involved. To show the applicability and computational efficiency of the proposed model, several numerical experiments with sensitivity analysis are provided. Finally, the trade-off between the profit and carbon emissions is presented and the sensitive analysis of changing several key input parameters is also discussed.