Academic literature on the topic 'Vehicle leaf spring behaviour'
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Journal articles on the topic "Vehicle leaf spring behaviour"
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Kong, Y. S., M. Z. Omar, L. B. Chua, and S. Abdullah. "Explicit Nonlinear Finite Element Geometric Analysis of Parabolic Leaf Springs under Various Loads." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/261926.
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This study describes the effects of bounce, brake, and roll behavior of a bus toward its leaf spring suspension systems. Parabolic leaf springs are designed based on vertical deflection and stress; however, loads are practically derived from various modes especially under harsh road drives or emergency braking. Parabolic leaf springs must sustain these loads without failing to ensure bus and passenger safety. In this study, the explicit nonlinear dynamic finite element (FE) method is implemented because of the complexity of experimental testing A series of load cases; namely, vertical push, wind-up, and suspension roll are introduced for the simulations. The vertical stiffness of the parabolic leaf springs is related to the vehicle load-carrying capability, whereas the wind-up stiffness is associated with vehicle braking. The roll stiffness of the parabolic leaf springs is correlated with the vehicle roll stability. To obtain a better bus performance, two new parabolic leaf spring designs are proposed and simulated. The stress level during the loadings is observed and compared with its design limit. Results indicate that the newly designed high vertical stiffness parabolic spring provides the bus a greater roll stability and a lower stress value compared with the original design. Bus safety and stability is promoted, as well as the load carrying capability.
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Karditsas, Stylianos, Georgios Savaidis, and Michail Malikoutsakis. "Advanced leaf spring design and analysis with respect to vehicle kinematics and durability." International Journal of Structural Integrity 6, no. 2 (April 13, 2015): 243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-11-2013-0044.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide sound understanding of the mutual interactions of the major leaf spring design parameters and their effects on both the stress behavior of the designed leaf and the steering behavior of the vehicle. Design/methodology/approach – Finite elements analyses have been performed referring to the design of a high performance monoleaf spring used for the suspension of the front axle of a serial heavy truck. Design parameters like eye type, eye lever, spring rate and arm rate difference have been parametrically examined regarding the stress performance and their influence on the wheel joint kinematics. The effect of each design parameter is exhibited both qualitatively and quantitatively. Findings – Eye lever and eye type affect significantly the wheel joint kinematics and therewith the steering behavior of the vehicle. Spring rate and arm rate difference affect solely the stress performance of the leaf spring. Practical implications – Design engineers may use the outcomes of this research as a guide to achieve optimal leaf spring design ensuring its operational strength in conjunction with accurate steering performance of the vehicle. Originality/value – The international literature contains only few, mostly qualitative data regarding the effect of single design parameters on the leaf spring and the corresponding axle kinematics. The present work contains a comprehensive and systematic study of all major leaf spring design parameters, and reveals their effect on both the stress behavior and the steering behavior of the vehicle qualitatively and quantitatively.
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Kong, Y. S., Mohammed Zaidi Omar, L. B. Chua, and Shahrum Abdullah. "Suspension Parametric Analysis of Conventional Bus through Finite Element Modal Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 663 (October 2014): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.663.163.
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Vehicle dynamic response of urban bus for common manoeuvres enhancing purpose has been investigated. Nowadays, increasing concerns on human driver comfort and emerging demands on suspension systems for off-road vehicles call for an effective vehicle ride dynamics model. This study devotes an analytical effort in developing a comprehensive vehicle ride dynamics simulation model. A bus simulation model which consists of two sets of different parabolic leaf springs and shock absorbers, front and rear axle, one dimensional tyres, anti-roll bars and simplified bus body with assumption the chassis is rigid has been built in finite element (FE) environment. Modal analysis is further to be performed in order to calculate the mode shapes and associated frequencies. Subsequently, suspension parameters analysis has been conducted to identify the sensitivity of every component towards the vehicle vibration behaviour. The related suspension parameters in the sensitivity analysis are parabolic leaf spring stiffness, anti-roll bars bending moment, and shock absorber damping characteristics respectively. The mode shapes and natural frequencies change due to the suspension parameters modification could be obviously visualized through finite element method. The visualization capabilities of the mode shape would provide an insight understanding of vehicle vibration behaviour in which is generally complex. The developed vehicle ride dynamics model could serve as an effective and efficient tool for predicting vehicle ride vibrations, to seek designs of primary and secondary suspensions, and to evaluate the roles of various operating conditions.
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Savaidis, Georgios, Michail Malikoutsakis, and Alexander Savaidis. "FE simulation of vehicle leaf spring behavior under driving manoeuvres." International Journal of Structural Integrity 4, no. 1 (March 2013): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17579861311303609.
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Aized, Tauseef, Muhammad Ahmad, Muhammad Haris Jamal, Asif Mahmood, Syed Ubaid ur Rehman, and Jagjit Singh Srai. "Automotive leaf spring design and manufacturing process improvement using failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)." International Journal of Engineering Business Management 12 (January 1, 2020): 184797902094243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1847979020942438.
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Nowadays human safety and comfort are the most considerable parameters in designing and manufacturing of a vehicle, that is why every organization ensures the quality and reliability of components used in the vehicle. Leaf spring is also a component of vehicle which plays an important role in human safety and comfort. It acts as a structural member and an integral part of suspension system. It is important to eliminate the failures in designing and manufacturing process of leaf springs because of its importance in functionality and safety of vehicle. In this research, failure mode and effects analysis has been used to analyze and reduce the risks of 42 possible failures that can occur in automotive leaf spring. It starts from determining, classifying, and analyzing all potential failures and then rating them with the help numeric scores. The four numeric scores namely severity, occurrence, detection, and Risk Priority Number (RPN) are used to find the high potential failures of semi-elliptical leaf springs. In the end, actions are recommended for RPN greater than 250, to increase quality and reliably of product.
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Abdullah, Lennie, Salvinder Singh Karam Singh, Abdul Hadi Azman, Shahrum Abdullah, Ahmad Kamal Ariffin Mohd Ihsan, and Yat Sheng Kong. "Fatigue life-based reliability assessment of a heavy vehicle leaf spring." International Journal of Structural Integrity 10, no. 5 (October 7, 2019): 726–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-04-2019-0034.
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Purpose This study aims to determine the reliability assessment based on the predicted fatigue life of leaf spring under random strain loading. Design/methodology/approach Random loading data were extracted from three various road conditions at 200 Hz using a strain gauge for a duration of 100 s. The fatigue life was predicted using strain-life approaches of Coffin–Manson, Morrow and Smith–Watson–Topper (SWT) models. Findings The leaf spring had the highest fatigue life of 1,544 cycle/block under highway data compared uphill (1,299 cycle/block) and downhill (1,008 cycle/block) data. Besides that, the statistical properties of kurtosis showed that uphill data were the highest at 3.81 resulted in the presence of high amplitude in the strain loading data. For fatigue life-based reliability assessment, the SWT model provided a narrower shape compared to the Coffin–Manson and Morrow models using the Gumbel distribution. The SWT model had the lowest mean cycle to failure of 1,250 cycle/block followed by Morrow model (1,317 cycle/block) and the Coffin–Manson model (1,429 cycle/block). The SWT model considers the mean stress effects by interpreting the strain energy density that will influence the reliability assessment. Research limitations/implications The reliability assessment based on fatigue life prediction is conducted using the Gumbel distribution to investigate the behaviour of fatigue random loading, where most previous studies had concentrated on a Weibull distribution on random data. Originality/value Thus, this study proposes that the Gumbel distribution is suitable for analysing the reliability of random loading data in assessing with the fatigue life prediction of a heavy vehicle leaf spring.
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Guo, Rong, Qin Lin Yu, and Shan Qiu. "Study on the Effect of Chassis Parameters on Light-Bus Steady State Handling Based on ADAMS." Advanced Materials Research 479-481 (February 2012): 758–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.758.
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Aiming at the oversteer trend of a light-bus prototype in the steady state circular test with full load, a virtual prototype of the vehicle was constructed by using MSC.ADAMS/CAR. The modeling methods for the components such as leaf-spring, absorber and rubber sleeve, whose dynamic characteristics appear nonlinear, are discussed. The simulation results show the vehicle exhibits the oversteer behaviour which is consistent with the subjective sensation. To solve the problem, the chassis parameters affecting steady state handling are discussed. A version regulating the roll rate distribution of front and rear suspension was put forward. After some discussion, the sensitivity analysis of the front and rear stabilizer bar stiffness, leaf spring span, front and rear eyehook location of rear suspension are performed to improve steady state handling. Sensitivity analysis results show that decreasing the leaf spring span, increasing the diameter of front stabilizer bar, decreasing the diameter of rear stabilizer bar and moving front and rear eyehook location of rear suspension can solve oversteer problem. It is expected that the above conclusions can provide good technical solutions for engineering improvement.
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Refngah, Fayyadh Nakhaie Ahmad, Shahrum Abdullah, Azman Jalar, and L. B. Chua. "Microstructural Behaviour Study and FEA-Based Fatigue Simulation on Parabolic Leaf Spring." Key Engineering Materials 462-463 (January 2011): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.462-463.419.
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It is compulsory to have a good fatigue life to a component that is heavily subjected to cyclic loading. One of the good examples is parabolic spring, which is one of the components in suspension system for large vehicles. It serves to absorb, store and release back the damping energy due to road irregularity, bump and holes. These activities involve a lot of camber deflection that caused by the tension and compression loads. In reality, the loading that subjected to parabolic spring is variable amplitude loading, but most of the manufacturer used constant amplitude (CA) loading for the fatigue test. The objective of this paper is to relate the simulation result with the microstructure behaviour of the leaf spring that failed due to fatigue. A full scale fatigue test was carried out until that parabolic spring meet failure. In order to investigate the fatigue life, CA signal was generated based on an actual fatigue test on the parabolic spring, and it was then analysed using the FEA-based fatigue simulation. A microstructure study was then performed for both fracture and non-fracture area. From the FEA-based simulation, it gave the prediction on damage that occurred at the critical area and also the prediction on the lowest cycle with respect to the FEA model. In the actual fatigue test, the failure was occurred at the centre part of the spring, which is at bolt join of assembly hole. The microstructure analysis showed that the grain at the fracture area indicated some different from the non-fracture area in term of size, phase and precipitation of carbon.
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Abdelkareem, Mohamed AA, Mostafa M. Makrahy, Ali M. Abd-El-Tawwab, ASA EL-Razaz, Mohamed Kamal Ahmed Ali, and MM Moheyeldein. "An analytical study of the performance indices of articulated truck semi-trailer during three different cases to improve the driver comfort." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 232, no. 1 (May 22, 2017): 84–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464419317709895.
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Heavy trucks are mostly used for international transportations, with longer highways and long driving hours contributing to corresponding increases in the driver’s fatigue that is related to accidents. Therefore, this study aims to improve the truck ride performance using multistage leaf springs and semi-active suspension for the driver seat. This analytical study describes the influence of the truck main suspensions on the performance indices analytically using MATLAB Simulink for different loading conditions in three case studies: fully laden articulated truck (case A), unladen truck (case B), and empty semi-trailer and a multistage leaf springs is considered after designing the main leaf spring stiffness based on particle swarm optimization (case C). This study exhibits a contribution based on the fact that changing the trailer cargo weight has considerable effects on the natural frequency of the vibration modes of the vehicle system, particularly for articulated carriage. Subsequently, the influence of the dynamic interaction of an articulated vehicle between the semitrailer and the tractor on its ride behavior has been investigated. The model has also predicted the effect of total trailer cargo on performance indices for 13 degrees of freedom model of a 6-axle articulated truck semi-trailer vehicle with a random road excitation. Additionally, a semi-active driver seat suspension based on skyhook strategy and seat passive suspension are compared in terms of the power spectral density and root mean square values. The results showed that the truck ride performance is improved significantly, and all the acceleration responses are suppressed dramatically when a designed multistage leaf spring suspension is considered in case C. The current analysis demonstrated that using specific and adjustable suspension parameters can positively enhance the riding behavior of the unladen vehicle. The results showed that the cab, tractor, and trailer acceleration improved by 22%, 21%, and 28%, respectively, which provides a comfort driving trip essentially for long distance traveling.
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Hussain, K., W. Stein, and A. J. Day. "Modelling Commercial Vehicle Handling and Rolling Stability." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 219, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 357–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/146441905x48707.
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This paper presents a multi-degrees-of-freedom non-linear multibody dynamic model of a three-axle heavy commercial vehicle tractor unit, comprising a subchassis, front and rear leaf spring suspensions, steering system, and ten wheels/tyres, with a semi-trailer comprising two axles and eight wheels/tyres. The investigation is mainly concerned with the rollover stability of the articulated vehicle. The models incorporate all sources of compliance, stiffness, and damping, all with non-linear characteristics, and are constructed and simulated using automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems formulation. A constant radius turn test and a single lane change test (according to the ISO Standard) are simulated. The constant radius turn test shows the understeer behaviour of the vehicle, and the single lane change manoeuvre was conducted to show the transient behaviour of the vehicle. Non-stable roll and yaw behaviour of the vehicle is predicted at test speeds >90 km/h. Rollover stability of the vehicle is also investigated using a constant radius turn test with increasing speed. The articulated laden vehicle model predicted increased understeer behaviour, due to higher load acting on the wheels of the middle and rear axles of the tractor and the influence of the semi-trailer, as shown by the reduced yaw rate and the steering angle variation during the constant radius turn. The rollover test predicted a critical lateral acceleration value where complete rollover occurs. Unstable behaviour of the articulated vehicle is also predicted in the single lane change manoeuvre.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vehicle leaf spring behaviour"
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Christ, Florian. "Adaption and evaluation of transversal leaf spring suspension design for a lightweight vehicle using Adams/Car." Thesis, KTH, Fordonsdynamik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-180035.
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This investigation deals with the suspension of a lightweight medium-class vehicle for four passengers with a curb weight of 1000 kg. The suspension layout consists of a transversal leaf spring and is supported by an active air spring which is included in the damper. The lower control arms are replaced by the leaf spring ends. Active ride height control is introduced to compensate for different vehicle load states. Active steering is applied using electric linear actuators with steer-by wire design. Besides intense use of light material the inquiry should investigate whether elimination of suspension parts or a lighter component is concordant with the stability demands of the vehicle. The investigation is based on simulations obtained with MSC Software ADAMS/Car and Matlab. The suspension is modeled in Adams/Car and has to proof it's compliance in normal driving conditions and under extreme forces. Evaluation criteria are suspension kinematics and compliance such as camber, caster and toe change during wheel travel in different load states. Also the leaf spring deflection, anti-dive and anti-squat measures and brake force distribution are investigated. Based on a simplified version of the leaf spring suspension design a full vehicle model is created. The comparison between the suspension models evaluates the same basic suspension parameters to ensure the compliance. Additionally roll rate and understeer gradient are investigated. It can be shown that the vehicle equipped with transversal leaf spring instead of lower control arms fulfils the set kinematics and compliance requirements. Road holding performance is assured for normal driving conditions on public roads.
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Bouvin, Jean-Louis. "Vers une version alternative à la suspension CRONE Hydractive." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0042/document.
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La suspension CRONE Hydractive, développée par l’équipe CRONE dans le cadre des suspensions de véhicules automobiles, présente des performances remarquables. En effet, l’association de l’approche CRONE, garantissant la robustesse du degré de stabilité aux variations de la masse suspendue, et de la stratégie Hydractive, permettant la commutation d’une architecture de suspension orientée confort vibratoire à une autre orientée comportement routier,permet la mise en défaut de la plupart des dilemmes inhérents aux architectures traditionnelles de suspension. La présente étude propose ainsi le développement d’une version alternative de la suspension CRONE par deux approches. Une première approche consiste en la mise en place d’une version passive métallique reposant sur l’utilisation des ressorts à lames en s’inscrivant dans une démarche de modernisation et d’optimisation des technologies historiques. La seconde approche, quant à elle, consiste à proposer le développement d’une version active pneumatique de la suspension CRONE. La modélisation complète de l’architecture « CRONE » orientée confort est alors proposée à travers celle de ses accumulateurs et gicleurs pneumatiques. Cette nouvelle version de suspension, en adoptant une technologie d’actualité de plus en plus répandue et pouvant bénéficier des développements du Véhicule Autonome Connecté, ouvre de nouvelles perspectives d’évolution de la suspension automobileThe Hydractive CRONE car suspension developed by the CRONE team provides outstanding performances. Indeed, the CRONE method ensures the robustness of the stability degree with respect to variations of the sprung mass, while the Hydractive strategy enables the switchover between a comfort-oriented architecture and a road-behavior-oriented one. The association of the CRONE method with the Hydractive strategy allows to circumvent most of the dilemmas that occur with traditional architecture suspensions. The present study aims to develop an alternative version of the CRONE suspension using two approaches. A first approach consists of the implementation of a passive metallic version based on leaf springs aiming the modernisation and optimisation of historical technologies. The second one, however, involves the use of a more relevant and increasingly widespread technology with the development of an active pneumatic version of the CRONE suspension. The complete modeling of the ``CRONE'' comfort-oriented architecture is then proposed through its pneumatic accumulators and nozzles. This new version, benefiting from the pneumatic active system and from the development of the Autonomous Connected Vehicle, opens up new prospects for the development of car suspensions
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Joshi, Shashwat. "Modelling of contacts in Adams flex bodies using Mamba." Thesis, KTH, Fordonsdynamik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302283.
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Simulations are a powerful tool used to reduce development time and cost in the vehicle industry. However, the models used in simulations are simplifications of reality, and there are commonly contradicting requirements between accuracy and computational efficiency. Vehicles are constructed with a large number of parts joined together with bolts, welds and other joints. At these locations and other places where different surfaces come in contact, the contact can have a considerable effect on the dynamic behaviour of the part and capturing this effect in simulations can be difficult because of their nonlinear nature. This thesis aims to evaluate different methods for simulating contacts and their effects under dynamic conditions. The thesis is performed at Scania, one of the top commercial vehicle manufacturer, which aims to increase the use of simulations in the design of their vehicles to have better designs with lower cost and time investments. This thesis uses the multibody simulation software Adams Car to evaluate two different contact simulation methods, one developed by Adams and the other is the softwareMamba developed by Magna. Mamba defines special modes called Joint-interface modes, which capture the deformation in the vicinity of the contact. The contact simulations are compared with some of the existing simulation methods and physical test data by implementing it on cases where contact plays an important role in dynamic behaviour. Two such cases are identified as the leaf spring and the frame-subframe assembly. For the leaf spring example, the stiffness and energy dissipation were compared for Mamba simulations with the Adams built-in multi-beam model and physical test data. The stiffness with the Mamba contact model better matched the test data, but the energy dissipation was better modelled with the Adams leaf spring model. For the frame-subframe assembly, the effect of the Mamba contact modes was evaluated for random vibration tests by comparing acceleration Power Spectral Density (PSD), relative displacement and Operating Deflection Shape (ODS) analysis. The Adams contact model was also implemented for this case but could not converge to a solution. Improvement in accuracy was observed with Mamba contact simulations compared to simulations which ignored contact, but with the drawback of significantly higher simulation times.Simuleringar är ett kraftfullt verktyg som används för att minska utvecklingstiden och kostnaderna i fordonsindustrin. De modeller som används i simuleringar är dock förenklingar av verkligheten, och det finns vanligtvis motstridiga krav mellan noggrannhet och beräkningseffektivitet. Fordon är konstruerade med ett stort antal delar sammanfogade med bultar, svetsar och andra skarvar. På dessa platser och andra platser där olika ytor kommer i kontakt kan kontakten ha en avsevärd effekt på delens dynamiska beteende och att fånga denna effekt i simuleringar kan vara svårt på grund av deras olinjära karaktär. Detta examensarbete syftar till att utvärdera olika metoder för att simulera kontakter och deras effekter under dynamiska förhållanden. Examensarbetet har utförts hos Scania, en av de främsta tillverkarna av kommersiella fordon, som har som mål att öka användningen av simuleringar i utformningen av sina fordon för att få bättre konstruktioner med lägre kostnads och tidsinvesteringar. Detta examensarbete använder multikroppssimuleringsprogramvaran Adams Car för att utvärdera två olika kontaktsimuleringsmetoder, en utvecklad av Adams och denna andra är Mamba som är utvecklad av Magna. Mamba definierar ‘Joint interface modes’, som fångar upp deformationen i närheten av kontakten. Kontaktsimuleringen med Mamba jämförs med några av de befintliga simuleringsmetoderna samt fysiska testdata genom att implementera den i fall där kontakt spelar en viktig roll i det dynamiska beteendet. Två sådana fall identifieras som bladfjädern och ram-subramenheten. För blad-fjäder exemplet jämfördes styvhet och energiförlust för Mamba simuleringar med Adams inbyggda multi-balksmodell och fysiska testdata. Styvheten med Mamba-kontaktmodellen stämde bättre överens med testdata, men energiförlusten modellerades bättre med Adams bladfjädermodell. För ram-subramenheten utvärderades effekten av kontaktmoderna i Mamba för slumpmässiga vibrationstest genom att jämföra spektraltätheten för accelerationerna Power Spectral Density (PSD), relativ förskjutning och Operating Deflection Shape (ODS) analys. Adams kontaktmodell implementerades också för detta fall men kunde inte konvergera till en lösning. Förbättring i noggrannhet observerades med Mamba kontaktsimuleringar jämfört med simuleringar som ignorerade kontakt, men med nackdelen med betydligt längre simuleringstider.
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Bester, Christiaan Rudolf. "Oorgangsgedrag van 'n voertuigbladveer." Diss., 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26494.
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Kat, Cor-Jacques. "Validated leaf spring suspension models." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24713.
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Mathematical and computer modelling have been playing an increasingly important role in the Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) process. Simulation offers great advantages in the development and analysis phase of products and offers a faster, better and more cost effective way than using physical prototypes alone. The ever increasing demand for new and improved products in the vehicle industry has decreased the time available for the development of new vehicles, but at the same time the demands on quality, reliability and mass that are set for the vehicle are becoming ever more stringent. These requirements have lead to the investigation of procedures and methodologies such as virtual prototyping that will reduce the development time of new vehicles without inhibiting the quality of the vehicle. In order to perform effective and reliable simulations in the CAE process, accurate simulation models of the vehicle and its associated systems, subsystems and components are required. In the vehicle dynamics context simulation models of the tyres, suspension, springs, damper, etc, are needed. This study will look at creating a validated model of a leaf spring suspension system used on commercial vehicles. The primary goal set for the model is to be able to predict the forces at the points where the suspension system is attached to the vehicle chassis as the model is to be used in full vehicle durability simulations. The component which will receive a considerable amount of attention in this study is the leaf spring. Leaf springs have been used in vehicle suspensions for many years. Even though leaf springs are frequently used in practice they still hold great challenges in creating accurate mathematical models. It is needless to say that an accurate model of a leaf spring is required if accurate full vehicle models are to be created. As all simulation models in this study are required to be validated against experimental measurements a thorough experimental characterisation of the suspension system of interest, as well as two different leaf springs, are performed. In order to measure the forces between the suspension attachment points and the chassis, two six component load cells were developed, calibrated, verified and validated. This study will primarily focus on the modelling of a multi-leaf spring as well as a parabolic leaf spring. The study starts with a literature study into the various existing modelling techniques for leaf springs. A novel leaf spring model, which is based on a macro modelling view point similar to that used for modelling material behaviour, is developed. One of the modelling techniques found in the literature, i.e. neural networks, is also used to model the leaf spring. The use of neural networks is applied and some of the challenges associated with the method are indicated. The accuracy and efficiency of the physics-based elasto-plastic leaf spring model and the non physics-based neural network model are compared. The modified percentage relative error metric is compared to two other quantitative validation metrics that were identified from the literature study. It is concluded that the modified percentage relative error has certain limitations but that it is able to give an accurate and representative account of the agreement/disagreement between two periodic signals around zero. The modified percentage relative error is used to obtain the accuracies of the elasto-plastic leaf spring models and the neural network model. Both models give good results with the neural network being almost 3 times more computationally efficient. The elasto-plastic leaf spring model, for the multi-leaf spring, is further extended to model the behaviour of a parabolic leaf spring. Qualitative validation using experimental data shows that the elasto-plastic leaf spring model is able to accurately predict the vertical behaviour of both the multi-leaf spring as well as the parabolic leaf spring. The elasto-plastic leaf spring model was also combined with a method that is able to capture the effect of changes in the spring stiffness due to changes in the loaded length. Quantitative validation shows that the method proposed for accounting for the change in stiffness due to changes in the loaded length is able to capture this characteristic of the physical leaf spring. Following a systematic modelling approach the elasto-plastic multi-leaf spring model is incorporated into a model of a simplified version of the physical suspension system. The qualitative validation results from this model show that the model is able to accurately predict the forces that are transmitted from the suspension system to the chassis. The models created in this study can be used in future work and, with the addition of more detail the models, can be extended to create a model of the complete suspension system.Thesis (PhD(Eng))--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering
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Book chapters on the topic "Vehicle leaf spring behaviour"
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Ji, Xiuye, and Yi Zhou. "A Dynamic Modeling Scheme of Vehicle Leaf Spring and Its Application." In Proceedings of SAE-China Congress 2015: Selected Papers, 437–43. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-978-3_39.
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Godzhaev, Zakhid, Sergey Senkevich, Viktor Kuzmin, and Izzet Melikov. "Use of the Neural Network Controller of Sprung Mass to Reduce Vibrations From Road Irregularities." In Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering, 69–87. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3970-5.ch005.
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Hydraulic systems that damp active oscillation operate according to a certain non-linear and time-varying algorithm. It is difficult to create a controller based on its dynamic model. This chapter proposes a new operation regime of the controller based on neuron nets by combining the advantages of the adaptive, radial, and basic functions of the neuron net. Its undoubted advantages are a learning (tilting) ability in real time to process indefinite, nonlinear disturbances, and to change the value of the active force in the hydraulic leaf spring by adjusting the weight coefficients of the neuron net and/or the radial parameters of the basic function. The model is a ¼ hydraulic active sprung mass of a mobile vehicle. The modeling shows that the use of a neuron net controller makes the sprung mass much more efficient.
Conference papers on the topic "Vehicle leaf spring behaviour"
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Shamsaei, Nima, and Davood Rezaei. "Comparing Fatigue Life Reliability of a Composite Leaf Spring With a Steel Leaf Spring." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58513.
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In the present study, the fatigue behavior of an optimized composite leaf spring and a four leaf steel spring have been analyzed and compared. In a paper, issued by co-author, a four leaf steel spring was replaced by a composite leaf spring. The geometry of composite spring has been optimized to obtain the minimum weight under stress and displacement constraints due to the given static external forces. In this study, both above-mentioned leaf springs have been fatigue analyzed. The vehicle movement has been simulated on four different standard roads in ADAMS software and the spring supports reactions have been derived. Stress time spectrum micro-blocks in critical element of leaf springs have been obtained using ANSYS software and considering ADAMS results as loading. The stress time spectrum macro-blocks for long time from the stress time spectrum in micro-blocks have been created according to statistical and random vibration principles. After finding stress probability density functions for composite leaf spring and equivalent steel leaf spring, fatigue reliabilities have been extracted for both of them. Results showed that the fatigue life reliability in composite leaf spring is much better than steel spring.
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Kim, Bo Min, Dae Sik Ko, and Jong Min Kim. "Vehicle’s New Anti-Roll System for Suspension Parasitic Stiffness Reduction and Non-Linear Roll Stiffness Characteristic." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63392.
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In general, vehicle uses torsional stiffness of a stabilizer bar to control the roll motion. But this stabilizer bar system has problems with degradation for ride comfort and vehicle’s NVH characteristic due to the suspension parasitic stiffness caused by deformation and wear of the stabilizer bar rubber bush. In addition, it is difficult to control the vehicle’s roll motion effectively in case of excessive vehicle roll behavior when it is designed to satisfy ride comfort simultaneously because of the stabilizer bar’s linear roll stiffness characteristic. In this paper, the new anti-roll system is suggested which consists of connecting link, push rod, laminated leaf spring, and rotational bearing. This new concept anti-roll system can minimize the suspension parasitic stiffness by using rotational bearing structure and give the vehicle non-linear roll stiffness by using the laminated leaf spring structure which are composed of main spring and auxiliary one. Reduction of suspension parasitic stiffness and realization of non-linear roll stiffness in this anti-roll system were verified with both vehicle dynamic simulation and vehicle test. Also, this study includes improvement of the system operating efficiency through material change and shape optimization of the leaf spring, and optimal configuration of the force transfer system.
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Yao, Shiping, Colin Morgan, and Nigel J. Leighton. "Mathematical Model of a Buckled Spring for Vehicle Active Suspension." In ASME 1997 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc97/vib-4160.
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Abstract The basic characteristic of a conventional spring is that of a constant rate, that is a linear force-displacement relationship. If, however, a flat, thin leaf spring is end-loaded past its buckling point it will deform into a curve and the resulting force-displacement relationship can be made virtually flat; that is a very low effective rate is seen, once the buckling force is exceeded. A novel form of automotive active suspension system proposed by Leighton & Pullen (1994) relies upon the “buckled spring” element acting through a variable geometry wishbone assembly to provide wheel to body forces that are controllable by a low power actuator but are virtually independent of wheel to body displacement. The dynamic behavior of the spring element is also significant, since resonance effects may affect the vibration isolating properties of the suspension system and may result in unstable modes of motion. This paper presents a rigorous derivation of the static and dynamic characteristic of the spring element and of the effect of design compromises that are essential for practical application. Comparison of the experimental and simulation results shows that the simulation can be used to predict the static and dynamic performance of the spring.
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Soner, Murathan, Metin Guven, Nilay Guven, Tolga Erdogus, Mustafa Karaagac, and Ahmet Kanbolat. "Parabolic Leaf Spring Fatigue Considering Braking Windup Evaluations." In Commercial Vehicle Engineering Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-2168.
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Wang, Pengbo, Chongliang Zhang, and Yongquan Liu. "Simulation and Design of Leaf Spring Characteristics." In SAE 2009 Commercial Vehicle Engineering Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-2897.
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Soner, Murathan, Ciler Senocak, Tolga Erdogus, Mustafa Karaagac, Ahmet Kanbolat, Gorkem Ozcelik, and Vural Ceyhun. "Leaf Spring Safety and Ride Comfort Circumstances Against Fatigue Behaviour." In SAE 2013 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-01-1383.
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Tan, W. H., W. Faridah, A. M. Andrew, N. A. N. Zainab, S. Ragunathan, and A. S. N. Amirah. "Failure analysis of leaf spring for commercial vehicle." In PROCEEDINGS OF 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (ICAMET 2020). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0051917.
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Soner, Murathan, Nilay Guven, Ahmet Kanbolat, Tolga Erdogus, and Mustafa Karaagac. "Parabolic Leaf Spring Design Optimization Considering FEA & amp; Rig Test Correlation." In Commercial Vehicle Engineering Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-2167.
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Braghin, Francesco, Edoardo Sabbioni, and Francesco Annoni. "Design of a Leaf Spring Suspension for an FSAE Vehicle." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-35474.
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FSAE is a competition in which engineering students are asked to conceive, design, fabricate and compete with small, formula style, autocross racing cars ([1]). To give teams the maximum design flexibility and the freedom to express their creativity and imaginations there are very few restrictions on the overall vehicle design. DynamiΣ team (from Politecnico di Milano) has designed and optimized a new leaf spring suspension that allows to significantly reduce the weight and lower the centre of gravity of traditional suspensions that are based on linear dampers and coil springs. In fact, besides being extremely adjustable, the proposed leaf spring suspension weights a half, being made of carbon fiber and aluminum sandwich, and lowers the centre of gravity of the suspension system, being placed below the vehicle frame.
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Raghvendra, G., and Suresh Dasari. "A New Approach to Evaluate Wear on Automotive Leaf Spring Suspension Bushes." In SAE 2010 Commercial Vehicle Engineering Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-1906.
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