Academic literature on the topic 'Vehicle to micro-Grid'

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Journal articles on the topic "Vehicle to micro-Grid"

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Xu, Xin, and Guang Qing Bao. "Coordination Controlling of Micro-Grid with EVs." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 1660–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1660.

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Electric vehicles (EVs) play dual roles in micro-grids. They can be seen as a Vehicle to Grid load when in charge. While their powers are enough for moving, they can be seen as power supplies. In this paper, the optimization of distributed energies is discussed in a micro-grid, basing on multi-agent system (MAS). The result shows that the micro-grid with electric vehicles can not only make the most optimal use of renewable energies in the premise of keeping the voltage stability, but also reduces the investment of energy storage equipment. And with reasonable energy exchange prices, the electric vehicle owners can save their costs.
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Vijay Kumar, K., and T. Bharath Kumar. "Optimal Scheduling of Micro Grid for Plug-In Electrical Vehicle." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.7 (March 18, 2018): 558. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.7.10882.

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Owing to several advantages of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) like less noise, emission less, good efficiency and the reduced cost has attention to the governments, researchers and manufactures in recent time. The Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) plays a vital role in replacement of conventional vehicles in future, because of penetration of renewable energy resources in conventional generation. The modernized of micro grid is happening due to usage of clean energy for EV charging. The cost of electric vehicle charging is challenging issue in the development of plug-in electric vehicle. The coordination between renewable generation and conventional generation is very much needed in near future. The dynamic nature of renewable energy resources causes frequent interrupts in electric vehicle charging. The problem of nonlinear power generation with renewable resources is overcome by electric vehicle battery storage system which enables the EV battery to charge during low demand period and gets discharged into the micro grid during high demand periods. This paper developed an optimal schedule for stationary Plug-in Electric Vehicle charging in operation with micro grid. The obtained optimal schedule provides balance between active and reactive power in generation and load as well. The integration of renewable energy resources is achieved through solar, wind in Vehicle-2-Grid (V2G) approach which is used to safeguard to renewable energy resources by store additional energy produced during peak load period and feeding back to the micro grid during low load period. As a result the stable operation of the micro grid and EV charging with low cost is achieved in this paper.
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Zhang, Qian, Yue Hu, Weiyu Tan, Chunyan Li, and Zhuwei Ding. "Dynamic Time-Of-Use Pricing Strategy for Electric Vehicle Charging Considering User Satisfaction Degree." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (May 7, 2020): 3247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093247.

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In order to solve the problem that the static peak-valley price for electric vehicles cannot truly reflect the relationship between electricity supply and demand, as well as the fact that the low utilization rate of renewable energy in the micro-grid, a dynamic time-of-use pricing strategy for electric vehicle charging considering user satisfaction degree is proposed, to achieve the goal of friendly charging for the micro-grid. Firstly, this paper researches the travel patterns of electric vehicles to establish the grid connection scenes and predict the controllable capacity of electric vehicles. Secondly, the charging preferences of different types of users are studied, and a comprehensive satisfaction degree model is set up to obtain different users’ charging strategies. Furthermore, the paper raises a pricing strategy on account of the dispatching requirements of the micro-grid, and realizes the effective dispatch of electric vehicle charging load based on price signals. Finally, we gain the dynamic time-of-use charging price, using the strategy proposed above, and the economic benefits brought to the micro-grid and electric vehicle users are analyzed, which validates the rationality and effectiveness of the pricing strategy.
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Kamal, Tariq, Murat Karabacak, Syed Hassan, Luis Fernández-Ramírez, Muhammad Riaz, Muhammad Riaz, Muhammad Khan, and Laiq Khan. "Energy Management and Switching Control of PHEV Charging Stations in a Hybrid Smart Micro-Grid System." Electronics 7, no. 9 (August 22, 2018): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics7090156.

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In this study, the energy management and switching control of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in a hybrid smart micro-grid system was designed. The charging station in this research consists of real market PHEVs of different companies with different sizes. The rate of charging of PHEVs is managed via switching control to receive maximum benefits from renewable energy sources and reduce the consumption of electricity from the grid. To support the optimum utilization of sustainable power, charging time and network stability, seven scenarios were developed for different interaction among the proposed micro-grid system and PHEVs. The proposed hybrid smart micro-grid system consists of three renewable energy sources: photovoltaic (PV) array controlled via an intelligent fuzzy control maximum power point subsystem, a fuel cell stack and a microturbine set controlled by proportional integral differential/proportional integral subsystems. A hybrid energy storage system (super-capacitor, battery storage bank and hydrogen) and residential load are also included in the proposed architecture. The hybrid smart micro-grid system is checked in terms of voltage regulation, frequency deviation and total harmonic distortion (THD). It was found that these are in limits according to the international standards. The simulations verify the feasibility of the proposed system and fulfill the requirement of vehicle-to-grid and grid-to-vehicle operations in a smart grid environment.
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Saponara, Sergio, Roberto Saletti, and Lucian Mihet-Popa. "Hybrid Micro-Grids Exploiting Renewables Sources, Battery Energy Storages, and Bi-Directional Converters." Applied Sciences 9, no. 22 (November 19, 2019): 4973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9224973.

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This paper analyzes trends in renewable-energy-sources (RES), power converters, and control strategies, as well as battery energy storage and the relevant issues in battery charging and monitoring, with reference to a new and improved energy grid. An alternative micro-grid architecture that overcomes the lack of flexibility of the classic energy grid is then described. By mixing DC and AC sources, the hybrid micro-grid proposes an alternative architecture where the use of bi-directional electric vehicle chargers creates a micro-grid that directly interconnects all the partner nodes with bi-directional energy flows. The micro-grid nodes are the main grid, the RES and the energy storage systems, both, on-board the vehicle and inside the micro-grid structure. This model is further sustained by the new products emerging in the market, since new solar inverters are appearing, where a local energy storage for the RES is available. Therefore, the power flow from/towards the RES becomes bi-directional with improved flexibility and efficiency.
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Ramamurti, R., W. Sandberg, P. Vaiana, J. Kellogg, and D. Cylinder. "Computational fluid dynamics study of unconventional air vehicle configurations." Aeronautical Journal 109, no. 1097 (July 2005): 337–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000000786.

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Abstract Two unconventional micro air vehicles developed by the Naval Research Laboratory are described. One of the vehicles employs flapping wings which is inspired by the flight of birds or insects but does not copy it directly. The second vehicle is a stop-rotor hybrid vehicle employing a pair of single blade, rotary/fixed wing panels, attached at their roots to separate coaxial shafts. An unstructured grid based incompressible flow solver, called feflo, is used to simulate the flow past these novel configurations in order to determine the flight characteristics of these vehicles.
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Rubini, B., and R. Krishnakumar. "Energy efficiency hybrid power management of electric vehicle (EV) charging through photovoltaic (PV) and micro grid (MG)." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.25 (May 3, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.25.12373.

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To Analyze wireless charging system of solar PV, panel concept with electric vehicle (EV). In this developed type is a combination of solar photovoltaic (PV) and Micro grid. In this type, designed two type of operation initially the EV Charging with micro grid input supply and PV Panel. If any fault occur or grid power failure the EV battery system charge through PV panel ultimately the battery sys-tem always on line charging either grid source or PV arrays panel. The proposed methods are integrated with bidirectional converter back-to-back converter with grid source. This paper focus into the power enhancement depends upon the irradiation of solar panels, so that the conversion of electrical energy is in accordance with the needs of electric vehicle attain maximum as possible. The design type of EV wireless charging methodology analyzed using MATLAB/Simulink is to get the effective power enhancement and charging to the electric vehicle continuous on line charging system.
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Panwar, Lokesh Kumar, K. Srikanth Reddy, Rajesh Kumar, B. K. Panigrahi, and Shashank Vyas. "Strategic Energy Management (SEM) in a micro grid with modern grid interactive electric vehicle." Energy Conversion and Management 106 (December 2015): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.09.019.

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Shu, Liu, Fang Liu, and Xiu Yang. "Micro-Grid Energy Optimization Include Battery-Swapping-Station." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 1358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.1358.

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Accessing electric vehicle (EV) into micro-grid (MG) by battery-swapping station (BSS) will not only reduce the negative impact brought by EVs which are directly accessed into MG, but also improve the capacity of MG to absorb more renewable energy. That BSS is regarded as schedulable load is guided to avoid peak and fill valley according to TOU. As a result, the gap between peak and valley of MG is decreased and the operation efficiency of MG is elevated. A specific MG is taken as the studying object and the minimum operating cost is regarded as the optimizing goal, then the genetic algorithm is used to optimize the outputting of each micro-source and the charging power of BSS so that the optimal operation is realized.
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Chacko, Parag Jose, and Meikandasivam Sachidanandam. "An optimized energy management system for vehicle to vehicle power transfer using micro grid charging station integrated Gridable Electric Vehicles." Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks 26 (June 2021): 100474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2021.100474.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vehicle to micro-Grid"

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Berthold, Florence. "Integration of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle using Vehicle-to-home and Home-to-Vehicle Capabilities." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BELF0241/document.

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Le challenge de ces prochaines années est de réduire le plus possible les émissions de CO2 qui la première cause du réchauffement climatique. L’émission de CO2 est principalement due à l’utilisation du moteur thermique dans le milieu du transport. Pour diminuer cette émission, la solution réside à utiliser des véhicules électriques qui sont non polluants et rechargés par des sources émettant le moins possible de CO2. Mais cela impliquerait une production supplémentaire d’énergie. Aujourd’hui l’énergie électrique est produite principalement par des centrales thermiques au niveau mondial, des centrales nucléaires enFrance et des centrales hydrauliques au Québec. Les pics d’utilisations et de productions restant une problématique posant encore beaucoup de problèmes.Une utilisation croissante de véhicules électriques ou hybrides rechargeables permettrait de pouvoir disposer de systèmes de stockage d’énergie, permettant à la fois d’alimenter le moteur électrique du véhicule ou d’aider le réseau électriques. Ce flux est appelé Vehicle-to-Grid ou plus précisément dans le travail présenté ici, ce flux s’appelle Vehicle-to-Home. Alimenter la maison via la batterie du véhicule, permet de diminuer le pic de consommation du foyer. De plus, la batterie du véhicule peut être chargée durant la nuit lorsque la production d’énergie est au plus bas et la moins chère.Ce document présente une optimisation offline du système qui inclut les différents flux d’énergie. Cette optimisation a été réalisée à l’aide de la programmation dynamique. L’objectif de cette optimisation est de minimiser le coût de l’énergie que ce soit le coût de l’essence ou de l’électricité ou encore des énergies renouvelables installées localement.Ensuite deux contrôleurs flous localisés dans le véhicule et dans la maison ont été dimensionnés, testés par simulation (simulation online) et validés expérimentalement.Finalement cette recherche a mis en avant deux cas d’études: un en hivers et l’autre en été. Le cas d’hiver présente une réduction budgétaire de 40% dans la simulation offline, 27% dans la simulation online et 29% en expérimentation. D’autre part, le cas d’été montre une réduction budgétaire de 62% dans la simulation offline, 60% dans la simulation online et 64% en expérimentation
The challenge for the next few years is to reduce CO2 emissions, which are the cause of global climate warming. CO2 emissions are mainly due to thermal engines used in transportation. To decrease this emission, a viable solution lies in using non-polluting electric vehicles recharged by low CO2 emission energy sources. New transportation penetration has effected on energy production. Energy production has already reached peaks. At the same time, load demand has drastically increased. Hence, it has become imperative to increase daily energy production. It is well-known that world energy production is mainly produced thermal pollutant power plants, except in Québec, where energy is produced by hydro power plants.The more recent electricity utility trend is that electric, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (EV, PHEV) could allow storage and/or production of energy. EV/PHEV batteries can supply the electric motor of the vehicle, and act as an energy storage that assists the grid to supply household loads. This power flow is called vehicle-to-grid, V2G. In this dissertation, the V2G power flow is specifically called vehicle-to-home, V2H. That is battery is used during peak. Moreover, the EV battery is charged during the night, when energy production is low and cheap. This important aspect of V2H is that the vehicle battery is not connected to the grid, but is a part of a house micro-grid.This dissertation presents an offline optimization technique, which includes different energy flows, between the home, EV/PHEV, and a renewable energy source (such as photovoltaic - PV and/or wind) which forms the micro-grid. This optimization has been realized through the dynamic programming algorithm. The optimization objective is to minimize energy cost, including fuel cost, electricity cost, and renewable energy cost.Two fuzzy logic controllers, one located in the vehicle and the second one in the house, have been designed, tested by simulation (online simulation) and validated by experiments.The research analyses two seasonal case studies: one in winter and the other one in summer. In the winter case, a cost reduction of 40% for the offline simulation, 27% for the online simulation and 29% for the experiment is realized whereas in the summer case a cost reduction of 62% for the offline simulation, 60% for the online simulation and 64% for the experiment is presented
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Chowdhury, Md Abu Raihan. "Pre-feasibility study of V2G system in the micro-grid of St. Martine Island, Bangladesh." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-409575.

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The goal of the study was to evaluate the potential of the V2G system as a solution to peak load leveling and integrating more renewable energy in the microgrid of St. Martine Island. Simulink Simscape software was used to model a microgrid with a V2G system for the small community of the Island. The result of the study shows a V2G system with 100 electric cars could play an important role for peak shaving by supplying up to 0.8 MW of electric power back to the grid during peak hours, where each car contributes 10 kW of electric power. It also demonstrates that the V2G system effectively helps to promote solar power capacity from 1 MW to 2.5 MW, hence increase 23.59% share of solar energy in the total grid energy uses compared with the current microgrid of St. Martine Island.
The electricity that is generated from non-renewable sources causesenvironmental pollution and climate changes. Fossil fuel uses leads to thedepletion of fossil fuel resources as well as global warming. On the other hand, renewable energy sources can be used to produce electricity with very few or no CO2 emissions. So, now governments are focusing on renewable energy production. But solar, wind, and other types of renewable energy sources have intermittency. They are not continuously available due to natural factors that cannot be controlled. So, renewable energy needs to be utilized when it is available, or its intermittency can be overcome by energy storage. All Electric vehicle uses a battery pack of large capacity to power the electric motors. These batteries can be used to store the energy that is generated from renewable sources and use them when needed. Besides, the electric grid must always stay in balance. With the development of variable renewable energy production, the management of this balance has become complex. Vehicle to grid is a technology that enables energy to be pushed back to the grid from the battery of an electric car and helps to manage fluctuations on the electricity grid. It helps to balance the grid by charging the battery when renewableenergy is available and load demand is low, then sending energy back to the grid when load demand is high. However, St. Martine Island is a small Island in Bay of Bengal about 9km south of the mainland of Bangladesh. Nearly 6000 people are living there. Since the island is far away from the mainland, grid connection is almostimpossible in terms of cost and geographic location. St. Martine Island has a very high solar power potential, but very low average wind speed. Currently, the electricity demand is fulfilled by stand-alone diesel generators, PV panels, and wind turbines. The current microgrid gets a high load demand during peak hours which is between 6 pm to 11 pm. During this time grid become fully dependent on diesel generators which leads to fossil fuel uses andenvironmental pollution. Here, the project's key objective is to determine the prospects of V2Gtechnology on St. Martine Island to level the peak load during peak hours, given that St. Martine Island is a low windy island with a high average number of yearly peak sun hours. Another goal is to examine the degree to which the share of solar power can be increased by a V2G system in St. Martine Island. In the project, at first, we have modeled a microgrid using Simulink Simscape software. Simulink Simscape enables modeling of a system by putting direct physical connections between the block diagram. In the microgrid model, there are five main sections, which have been designed by assemblingfundamental components in the schematic. A V2G system has been modeled which consists of 100 electric cars as aprototype. Each car has a battery of 100 kWh capacity. Considering thecondition of St. Martine Island and the objective of the project, we have made some assumptions while modeling the V2G section. The results of the project showed that the V2G system significantly smoothed out the peak load during peak hours. It also demonstrated that charging electric cars during daytime by solar power and sending energy back to the grid during peak hours enables the V2G system to accommodate more renewable solar energy sources in the microgrid of St. Martine Island. Finally, the project evident that the V2G system can be integrated into the microgrid of St. Martine Island to level the peak load and to increase the share of solar energy in the total energy uses of the Island.
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Costanza, Erasmo. "Modelli e strumenti per ottimizzazione di microgrid in corrente continua." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.

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La richiesta di energia elettrica è in continuo aumento, tale fenomeno ha avuto una forte accentuazione negli ultimi decenni. L'IEA (International Energy Agency) ha stimato un aumento pari a circa il 40% nei prossimi 20 anni. Questo fenomeno ha spinto il mercato dell’energia a trovare nuove soluzioni atte a fronteggiare le nuove richieste. Per questo motivo è stato introdotto il concetto di generazione distribuita DG, quali impianti di piccola taglia spesso legati alla produzione da fonti rinnovabili. Queste DG possono lavorare in parallelo alla rete o essere introdotte all’interno di una Micro Grid (MG). La presenza sempre maggiore di carichi che funzionano in corrente continua, ha portato ad abbandonare il modello di Micro Grid AC, a favore di un modello DC. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è quello di proporre e promuovere un modello di ottimizzazione di una Micro Grid DC, cercando di sfruttare a proprio vantaggio un elemento potenzialmente dannoso per la rete come i veicoli elettrici (EV), sfruttando il concetto del Vehicle to Grid. Il modello proposto può portare all’eliminazione del nodo di storage, sfruttando gli EV come delle batterie low cost. In questo modo verrebbero ridotti i costi di impianto, di gestione e di manutenzione della MG. Sono state effettuate delle simulazioni, con l’ausilio degli strumenti software matlab e CPLEX, su uno scenario campione, utilizzando il modello descritto all’interno dell’elaborato. Nelle simulazioni sono state comparate le curve di costo giornaliero e quelle inerenti l’assorbimento di energia elettrica dalla rete principale su due differenti configurazioni. La prima è costituita sia dal nodo di storage che dagli EV, mentre nella seconda si è eliminato il nodo di storage. I risultati ottenuti sono stati soddisfacenti. All’interno dello scenario campione la presenza giornaliera di 400 EV connessi alla rete permette, alla configurazione senza nodo di storage, di avere le stesse perfomance della configurazione completa.
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Polanco, Lobos Ignacio Alejandro. "Diseño e implementación de un controlador de potencia para la tracción y conexion V2æG de un vehículo eléctrico utilitario." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/116625.

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Magíster en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Mención Eléctrica
Las micro redes (MR o μG) se constituyen como una solución para la electrificación mediante el aprovechamiento de los recursos energéticos renovables locales, tanto en zonas remotas como en sistemas interconectados. Sin embargo, en zonas aisladas el uso de combustibles fósil para el transporte local prevalece como un desafío a su suministro energético. Ante esta problemática, los vehículos eléctricos (VE) se perfilan como una solución en la medida que tengan la capacidad de operar coordinadamente con una MR existente en la localidad. En esta tesis se diseña, construye y valida en laboratorio un conversor de potencia que permite el intercambio de energía entre una fuente DC y una máquina de inducción trifásica o una MR aislada, con el objetivo de materializar el concepto de V2μG (del inglés Vehicle to Micro-Grid). Se propone la utilización de un inversor trifásico, tetrapolar y multifuncional, cuyo sistema eléctrico permite dos modos de operación: el modo VE, diseñado para manipular el torque del motor de inducción trifásico del vehículo, basado en la estrategia IFOC (del inglés Indirect Field Oriented Control); y el modo V2μG, que mediante estrategias de control basadas en Acondicionadores de Potencia tipo Filtro Activo permite su integración con la MR a través de los sub-modos IDLE, COMPENSACIÓN DE COMPONENTES DE SECUENCIA CERO (CCS0), COMPENSACIÓN DE COMPONENTES DE SECUENCIA NEGATIVA (CCS-), SUAVIZADOR P-Q (SPQ) y CONTROL DE TENSIÓN BUS DC (CTBDC). Los resultados experimentales de la operación en modo VE muestran que la estrategia IFOC implementada en el conversor funciona correctamente siempre que la medición de velocidad del rotor de la máquina sea suficientemente precisa. En este caso, se observa que la respuesta del sistema ante cambios en la referencia de tipo escalón es menor a 27[ms]. Por otro lado, en el modo V2μG, se comprueba que en el sub-modo IDLE el conversor no inyecta ni absorbe potencia de la red. Se verifica que los otros sub-modos operan correctamente y de forma independiente. Sin embargo, se obtienen mejores resultados al combinar los sub-modos CCS0, CCS- Y CTBDC, logrando reducir el THD y desbalance de corriente aguas arriba al punto de conexión desde 12,5[%] a 4[%] y de 100[%] a menos del 2[%] respectivamente. Al combinar los sub-modos CCS0, CCS-, CTBDC y SPQ se logra suavizar los escalones de potencia activa y reactiva producto de la dinámica del sistema aguas arriba del punto de conexión. Para futuros trabajos se propone implementar una estrategia de carga de baterías, mejorar los controladores de corriente para el modo V2μG, integrar la operación en isla para cargas monofásicas y trifásicas e integrar funciones de control remoto para su operación en redes inteligentes. Finalmente, se plantea agregar la funcionalidad de dar soporte ante fallas en la red.
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Wang, Dian. "Microgrid based on photovoltaic energy for charging electric vehicle stations : charging and discharging management strategies in communication with the smart grid." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2584.

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Le développement rapide des véhicules électriques (EVs) augmente la demande de puissance, ce qui provoque une charge supplémentaire sur le réseau public et augmente les fluctuations de la charge. Par conséquent, la forte pénétration des EVs est freinée. Un algorithme simulé en temps réel et basé sur des règles est élaboré pour les bornes de recharge des EVs alimentées par un micro-réseau DC afin de faire face aux incertitudes du comportement des utilisateurs des EVs. L'algorithme prend en considération les choix arbitraires et aléatoires proposés via l'interface homme-machine. Les résultats de simulation sont obtenus sous MATLAB / Simulink et vérifient la faisabilité de la stratégie de gestion proposée. Cette stratégie présente de bonnes performances en garantissant un contrôle précis. Par ailleurs, les algorithmes d'optimisation de délestage et de la restauration des EVs (SROA) pour la recharge de la puissance de la batterie peuvent être utilisés pour répondre aux besoins des utilisateurs. Aussi les algorithmes SROA maintiennent l'équilibre de la puissance de la station de recharge des EVs. Les algorithmes SROA prennent en compte l'intermittence de la source photovoltaïque (PV), la limitation de capacité du stockage et la limitation de puissance du réseau public. En comparant les résultats de la simulation aux algorithmes basés sur les règles, les algorithmes SROA proposés respectent le choix de l'utilisateur, réduisent le temps de charge total, augmentent le plein débit et maximisent l'utilisation de la puissance disponible. Les résultats de la simulation montrent la faisabilité et l'efficacité des algorithmes SROA. En outre, une station de charge basée sur le PV pour les EVs peut participer à la résolution de certains problèmes liés au pic de puissance. D'autre part, la technologie de véhicule à réseau (V2G) est conçue et appliquée pour fournir des services auxiliaires au réseau pendant les périodes de pointe, et V2G considère la dualité de la batterie des EVs « charge et source ». Ainsi, un algorithme de recherche dynamique des pics et de vallées est proposé pour une station de recharge des EVs afin d'atténuer l'impact sur le réseau public. Cet algorithme réduit ainsi le coût énergétique du réseau public. Les résultats de la simulation démontrent bien l'efficacité de l'algorithme de recherche des pics et des vallées. L'algorithme peut garantir l'équilibre du réseau public, satisfaire la demande de charge des utilisateurs des EVs et, surtout, réduire le coût énergétique du réseau public
The rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs) increases the power demand, which causes an extra burden on the public grid increasing the load fluctuations, therefore, hindering the high penetration of EVs. A real-time rule-based algorithm for electric vehicle (EV) charging stations empowered by a DC microgrid is proposed to deal with the uncertainties of EV users’ behaviour considering its arbitrary and random choices through the human-machine interface, meanwhile considering most of the users’ choices. The simulation results obtained under MATLAB/Simulink verify the feasibility of the proposed management strategy that presents a good performance in terms of precise control. In addition, EV shedding and restoration optimization algorithms (SROA) for battery charging power can be used to meet user needs while maintaining EV charging station power balance, taking into consideration the intermittency of the photovoltaic (PV) source, the capacity limitation of the storage, and the power limitation of the public grid. The simulation results show that compared with rule-based algorithm, the proposed SROA respect the user's choice while reducing total charging time, increasing the full rate, and maximizing the available power utilization, which shows the feasibility and effectiveness of SROA. Furthermore, a PV based charging station for EVs can participate to solve some peak power problems. On the other hand, vehicle to grid (V2G) technology is designed and applied to provide ancillary services grid during the peak periods, considering the duality of EV battery “load-source”. So, a dynamic searching peak and valley algorithm, based on energy management, is proposed for an EV charging station to mitigate the impact on the public grid, while reducing the energy cost of the public grid. Simulation results demonstrate the proposed searching peak and valley algorithm effectiveness, which can guarantee the balance of the public grid, meanwhile satisfy the charging demand of EV users, and most importantly, reduce the public grid energy cost
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Gopalan, Harish. "Numerical Modeling of Aerodynamics of Airfoils of Micro Air Vehicles in Gusty Environment." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1221497568.

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Gopalalkrishnan, Pradeep. "Unsteady Aerodynamic and Aeroelastic Analysis of Flapping Flight." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30151.

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The unsteady aerodynamic and aeroelastic analysis of flapping flight under various kinematics and flow parameters is presented in this dissertation. The main motivation for this study arises from the challenges facing the development of micro air vehicles. Micro air vehicles by requirement are compact with dimensions less than 15-20 cm and flight speeds of around 10-15 m/s. These vehicles operate in low Reynolds number range of 10,000 to 100,000. At these low Reynolds numbers, the aerodynamic efficiency of conventional fixed airfoils significantly deteriorates. On the other hand, flapping flight employed by birds and insects whose flight regime coincides with that of micro air vehicles offers a viable alternate solution. For the analysis of flapping flight, a boundary fitted moving grid algorithm is implemented in a flow solver, GenIDLEST. The dynamic movement of the grid is achieved using a combination of spring analogy and trans-finite interpolation on displacements. The additional conservation equation of space required for moving grid is satisfied. The solver is validated with well known flow problems such as forced oscillation of a cylinder, a heaving airfoil, a moving indentation channel, and a hovering fruitfly. The performance of flapping flight is analyzed using Large Eddy Simulation (LES) for a wide range of Reynolds numbers and under various kinematic parameters. A spiral Leading Edge Vortex (LEV) forms during the downstroke due to the high angle of attack, which results in high force production. A strong spanwise flow of the order of the flapping velocity is observed along the core of the LEV. In addition, the formation of a negative spanwise flow is observed due to the tip vortex, which slows down the removal of vorticity from the LEV. This leads to the instability of the LEV at around mid-downstroke. Analysis with different rotation kinematics shows that a continuous rotation results in better propulsive efficiency as it generates thrust during the entire flapping cycle. Analysis with different angles of attack shows that a moderate angle of attack which results in complete shedding of the LEV offers high propulsive efficiency. The analysis of flapping flight at Reynolds numbers ranging from 100 to 100,000 shows that higher lift and thrust values are obtained for Re?100. The critical reasons are that at higher Reynolds numbers, the LEV is closer to the surface and as it sheds and convects it covers most of the upper surface. However, the Reynolds number has no or little effect on the lift and thrust as identical values are obtained for Re=10,000 and 100,000. The analysis with different tip shapes shows that tip shapes do not have a significant effect on the performance. Introduction of stroke deviation to kinematics leads to drop in average lift as wing interacts with the LEV shed during the downstroke. A linear elastic membrane model with applied aerodynamic load is developed for aeroelastic analysis. Analysis with different wing stiffnesses shows that the membrane wing outperforms the rigid wing in terms of lift, thrust and propulsive efficiency. The main reason for the increase in force production is attributed to the gliding of the LEV along the camber, which results in a high pressure difference across the surface. In addition, a high stiffness along the spanwise direction and low stiffness along the chordwise direction results in a uniform camber and high lift and thrust production.
Ph. D.
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Cherchi, Paolo. "Dimensionamento di sistemi di accumulo per stazioni di ricarica rapida per autoveicoli elettrici." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17184/.

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Con l’avvento della mobilità elettrica la civiltà odierna si prepara ad affrontare numerosi cambiamenti nel modo di spostarsi, utilizzare i veicoli e vivere le città. La necessità di elettrificare i trasporti deriva da un bisogno sempre maggiore di efficienza energetica e, al pari passo con lo sviluppo delle fonti di energia rinnovabili e delle reti di distribuzione intelligenti, di un modello di sviluppo sostenibile. Gli effetti benefici della svolta e-Mobility potrebbero mobilitare risorse e competenze, rafforzando la capacità di innovazione e stimolando la creazione di nuove filiere industriali e di servizio collegate direttamente e indirettamente. Tuttavia, nonostante questi vantaggi, la penetrazione massiva di veicoli elettrici richiede un indagine approfondita per valutare quale sarà l’impatto sul sistema elettrico dovuto alla diffusione delle stazioni di ricarica, e quali contromisure dovranno adottare gli operatori di sistema per garantirne l’affidabilità. La potenza richiesta dalle stazioni di ricarica per ricaricare più veicoli contemporaneamente potrebbe costituire un carico eccessivo per il sistema elettrico e in particolare a livello locale per la rete a cui è connessa la stazione, rendendo necessari investimenti al fine di potenziarne i componenti, o a livello di sistema, rendendo necessario un aumento della generazione in modo da coprire il carico nelle ore di punta. Lo scopo di questa tesi è lo sviluppo di una metodologia che consenta di dimensionare una stazione di ricarica rapida che sia in grado di assorbire una quantità di potenza limitata dalla rete, integrando un sistema di generazione da fotovoltaico e un sistema d’accumulo, e partendo dalla conoscenza dei dati di traffico e di irraggiamento dell’area in cui dev’essere installata la stazione. Tale metodologia può essere applicata nel caso in cui gli input siano modificati per renderli rispondenti ai casi diversi che si possono presentare nella realtà.
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Dai, Jhih-Wei, and 戴志偉. "A BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM WITH AUXILIARY CHARGING SOURCE FOR DC MICRO-GRID AND ELECTRIC VEHICLE TO PERFORM GRID-CONNECTED OPERATION." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27603962047706400355.

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Salve, Rima. "PV Based Converter with Integrated Battery Charger for DC Micro-Grid Applications." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/6108.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
This thesis presents a converter topology for photovoltaic panels. This topology minimizes the number of switching devices used, thereby reducing power losses that arise from high frequency switching operations. The control strategy is implemented using a simple micro-controller that implements the proportional plus integral control. All the control loops are closed feedback loops hence minimizing error instantaneously and adjusting efficiently to system variations. The energy management between three components, namely, the photovoltaic panel, a battery and a DC link for a microgrid, is shown distributed over three modes. These modes are dependent on the irradiance from the sunlight. All three modes are simulated. The maximum power point tracking of the system plays a crucial role in this configuration, as it is one of the main challenges tackled by the control system. Various methods of MPPT are discussed, and the Perturb and Observe method is employed and is described in detail. Experimental results are shown for the maximum power point tracking of this system with a scaled down version of the panel's actual capability.
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Book chapters on the topic "Vehicle to micro-Grid"

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Ahmad, Mohd Redzuan, and Laylatun Qadrina Amrizal. "Vehicle-to-Grid as Frequency Regulator in a Micro Grid System." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 859–73. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2317-5_71.

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Saxena, Abhishek K., and K. Deepa. "DC Micro-Grid-Based Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure—Part 1." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1369–83. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5558-9_115.

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Saxena, Abhishek K., and K. Deepa. "DC Micro-Grid-Based Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure—Part 2." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1385–400. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5558-9_116.

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Bouhedir, R., A. Mellit, and N. Rouibah. "Simulation of a Micro-Grid for Electric Vehicles Charging Station." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 565–71. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6259-4_59.

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Benyahia, N., S. Tamalouzt, H. Denoun, A. Badji, A. Bousbaine, R. Moualek, and N. Benamrouche. "Implementation of Fuel Cell and Photovoltaic Panels Based DC Micro Grid Prototype for Electric Vehicles Charging Station." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 291–98. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6595-3_38.

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Zhan, X., T. Xiang, and B. Zhou. "Reconfiguration of electric vehicle access to micro-grid." In Frontiers of Energy and Environmental Engineering, 296–99. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b13718-67.

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Liu, Qunying, Haifeng Zeng, Shaojian Ni, Bowen Li, Jingsong Meng, and Yiguo Zhang. "Design of Power Grid Intelligent Patrol Operation and Maintenance System Based on Multi-Rotor UAV Systems." In Studies in Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/saem200011.

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Complex geographical conditions and bad weather have caused great difficults to inspect transmission line of power grids. This work aims to develop a micro multi-rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) system for inspecting power grid. The proposed system integrates with an intelligent robot and mobile communication networks. The high-resolution aerial images of the inspection line can be obtained to improve the operational efficiency and safety. The time period from the front-end signal acquisition to terminal decoding and playback is 1.5s for condition-based maintenance. The system supports TDD-LTE, FDD-LTE, WCDMA, CDMA2000, and other network standards. It also supports the video input signals with the resolution of standard 576i, HD 720p, FHD 1080i, and FHD 1080p. It is compatible with a variety of transmission formats and codes, help to achieve timely, comprehensive and efficient high-resolution aerial image acquisition of patrol lines, and improve operational efficiency and safety, real-time monitoring and condition-based maintenance of power transmission lines.
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Conference papers on the topic "Vehicle to micro-Grid"

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Shakeel, Femina Mohammed, and Om P. Malik. "Vehicle-To-Grid Technology in a Micro-grid Using DC Fast Charging Architecture." In 2019 IEEE Canadian Conference of Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccece.2019.8861592.

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Fang, Ling, Jie Chen, Xin Chen, Chunying Gong, and Yi Fan. "Analysis and Control of Smooth Transferring for Micro-Grid with Droop Control." In 2013 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vppc.2013.6671664.

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Baboli, P. Teimourzadeh, F. Fallahi, M. Parsa Moghaddam, and E. Alishahi. "Micro-Grid's primary frequency control by supporting Vehicle-to-Grid concept." In 2011 2nd International Conference on Control, Instrumentation, and Automation (ICCIA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icciautom.2011.6356633.

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Urcan, David-Catalin, and Dorin Bica. "Integrating and modeling the Vehicle to Grid concept in Micro-Grids." In 2019 International Conference on ENERGY and ENVIRONMENT (CIEM). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ciem46456.2019.8937610.

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Chaudhry, Marium Jalal. "Enhancements in Micro-Grid Operation through Electric Vehicle Charging and Discharging." In 2020 9th International Conference on Industrial Technology and Management (ICITM). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icitm48982.2020.9080380.

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Tidjani, Fadoul Souleyman, Abdelhamid Hamadi, Ambrish Chandra, Benhalima Saghir, Benadja Mounir, and Mohammed Garoum. "Energy Management of Micro Grid based Electrical Vehicle to the Building (V2B)." In 2019 7th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irsec48032.2019.9078263.

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Wang, Yubo, Hamidreza Nazaripouya, Chi-Cheng Chu, Rajit Gadh, and Hemanshu R. Pota. "Vehicle-to-grid automatic load sharing with driver preference in micro-grids." In 2014 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isgteurope.2014.7028821.

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Liu, Chunhua, K. T. Chau, Chenxi Diao, J. Zhong, Xiaodong Zhang, Shuang Gao, and Diyun Wu. "A new DC micro-grid system using renewable energy and electric vehicles for smart energy delivery." In 2010 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vppc.2010.5728991.

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Haes Alhelou, Hassan S., M. E. H. Golshan, and Masoud Hajiakbari Fini. "Multi agent electric vehicle control based primary frequency support for future smart micro-grid." In 2015 Smart Grid Conference (SGC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sgc.2015.7857385.

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GUNDUZ, Hakan, Sahin SONMEZ, and Saffet AYASUN. "Tuning of Controller Parameters for Time-Delayed Micro-Grid System Including Electric Vehicle." In 2020 2nd Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference (GPECOM). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/gpecom49333.2020.9247881.

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Reports on the topic "Vehicle to micro-Grid"

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Schey, Stephen, and Jim Francfort. Micro Climate Assessment of Grid-Connected Electric Drive Vehicles and Charging Infrastructure. Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1244628.

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