Relevant bibliographies by topics / Vehicle wheels

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Vehicle wheels'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Vehicle wheels"

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Wong, J. Y., and V. M. Asnani. "Study of the correlation between the performances of lunar vehicle wheels predicted by the Nepean wheeled vehicle performance model and test data." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 222, no. 11 (November 1, 2008): 1939–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto811.

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This paper describes the results of a study of the correlation between the performances of wheels for lunar vehicles predicted using the Nepean wheeled vehicle performance model (NWVPM), developed under the auspices of Vehicle Systems Development Corporation, Ottawa, Canada, and the corresponding test data presented in ‘Performance evaluation of wheels for lunar vehicles’, Technical Report M-70-2, prepared for George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), USA, by the US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES). The NWVPM was originally developed for design and performance evaluation of terrestrial off-road wheeled vehicles. The purpose of this study is to assess the potential of the NWVPM for evaluating wheel candidates for the new generation of extra-terrestrial vehicles. Two versions of a wire-mesh wheel and a hoop-spring wheel, which were considered as candidates for lunar roving vehicles for the NASA Apollo program in the late 1960s, together with a pneumatic wheel were examined in this study. The tractive performances of these wheels and of a 4×4 test vehicle with the pneumatic wheels on air-dry sand were predicted using the NWVPM and compared with the corresponding test data obtained under Earth's gravity and previously documented in the above-named report. While test data on wheel or vehicle performances obtained under Earth's gravity may not necessarily be representative of those on extra-terrestrial bodies, because of the differences in gravity and in environmental conditions, such as atmospheric pressure, it is still a valid approach to use test data obtained under Earth's gravity to evaluate the predictive capability of the NWVPM and its potential applications to predicting wheel or wheeled rover performances on extra-terrestrial bodies. Results of this study show that, using the ratio ( P20/ W) of the drawbar pull to normal load at 20 per cent slip as a performance indicator, there is a reasonable correlation between the predictions and experimental data. This indicates that the NWVPM has the potential as an engineering tool for evaluating wheel candidates for a future generation of extra-terrestrial vehicles, provided that appropriate input data are available.
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Hutangkabodee, Suksun, Yahya Zweiri, Lakmal Seneviratne, and Kaspar Althoefer. "Soil Parameter Identification and Driving Force Prediction for Wheel-Terrain Interaction." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 5, no. 4 (November 1, 2008): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/6225.

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This paper considers wheeled vehicles traversing unknown terrain, and proposes an approach for identifying the unknown soil parameters required for vehicle driving force prediction (drawbar pull prediction). The predicted drawbar pull can potentially be employed for traversability prediction, traction control, and trajectory following which, in turn, improve overall performance of off-road wheeled vehicles. The proposed algorithm uses an approximated form of the wheel-terrain interaction model and the Generalized Newton Raphson method to identify terrain parameters in real-time. With few measurements of wheel slip, i, vehicle sinkage, z, and drawbar pull, DP, samples, the algorithm is capable of identifying all the soil parameters required to predict vehicle driving forces over an entire range of wheel slip. The algorithm is validated with experimental data from a wheel-terrain interaction test rig. The identified soil parameters are used to predict the drawbar pull with good accuracy. The technique presented in this paper can be applied to any vehicle with rigid wheels or deformable wheels with relatively high inflation pressure, to predict driving forces in unknown environments.
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Eto, Ryosuke, Tomoaki Satomi, and Hiroshi Takahashi. "Kinematics of Wheel-Type Tracked Vehicle with Crawlers in Between the Front and Rear Wheels." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 24, no. 6 (December 20, 2012): 933–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2012.p0933.

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Tracked vehicles are generally trucked to the field because they cannot move on the pavement. This operation is very slow and inefficient. To solve the problem, it is necessary to develop tracked vehicles that can move swiftly on both soft ground and pavement. Wheel-type tracked vehicles with crawlers in between the front and rear wheels can move swiftly using only the wheels on pavement and both wheels and crawlers on soft ground. However, such vehicles cannot turn on both wheels and crawlers. In this study, this steering constraint condition of the vehicle was analyzed with inverse kinematics. Using the obtained optimal conditions, numerical simulations and experiments were carried out. The vehicle’s turning performance was also shown to improve.
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Ryoo, Young-Jae, Dae-Yeong Im, and Hyun-Rok Cha. "Design of Robotic Vehicle for Personal Mobility with Electric-Driven Three-Wheels." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 13, no. 04 (November 29, 2016): 1650020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843616500201.

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In this paper, a robotic vehicle for a personal mobility with electric-driven three-wheels is proposed. Before designing the proposed robotics vehicle, omni-directional motions using special wheels, active caster wheels, and active steerable driving wheels are studied. For design of the proposed vehicle, we discuss about active steerable wheel design, and vehicle’s frame design. The omni-directional motion through the digital design exploration of the vehicle using active driving and steering wheel robot technology is examined. As the major mechanical components, an active steerable driving wheel, in-wheel motors, brakes, suspensions, and control systems are described. The design is established by rapid prototyping model of omni-directional motion. The steering geometry and control algorithm for the prototype of the proposed personal mobility are experimented.
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Chudzikiewicz, Andrzej, Juraj Gerlici, Magdalena Sowińska, Anna Stelmach, and Wojciech Wawrzyński. "Modeling and simulation of a control system of wheels of wheelset." Archives of Transport 55, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4234.

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Modern light rail vehicles, such as a tram or rail bus, due to the need to provide mobility for the elderly or disabled people and the requirements of operators operating passenger rail transport or transport in urban areas must have a 100% low floor. Structurally, this is associated with the use of wheelset with independently rotating wheels (IRW) in such vehicles. It is also possible to use a bogie structure without the use of a wheelset axle by mounting the wheels directly in the side parts of the bogie frame. This construction is more complex and will not be discussed in this article. Bearing in mind the dynamic behavior of such vehicles during operation (lateral stability, profile wear) in various driving conditions (curve traffic, crossovers) and taking into account operating costs, it becomes necessary to install wheel rotation control systems to maintain center movement mass of the wheelset around the centerline of the track. The subject of the article will be considerations on modeling and simulation of rail vehicle bogie motion with IRW sets including the wheel control system. Nominal and mathematical models of the analyzed vehicle will be presented, as well as a controlled strategy based on the comparison of the angular velocities of the wheels of the wheelset A review of works on solutions of such systems will be presented, and a control concept will be proposed. The summary contains conclusions regarding the possibility of practical use of the proposed method of steering wheels of a wheelset in the c ase of independently rotating wheels.
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Shi, Yan, Miao Li, Weihua Ma, and Kang Chen. "Dynamic of Friction Coupling Independently Rotating Wheels for High Speed." Shock and Vibration 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7456598.

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A new lateral coupling structure with independently rotating wheels (IRW) is proposed, and longitudinal creepage is obtained by replacing the gear pair with the friction pair to synchronize the rotation speed of left and right wheels. The auxiliary wheelset made up of two friction wheels can be placed either under the primary suspension or on the frame. Vehicles dynamics models with three different kinds of bogies are developed, including friction coupling bogie with independently rotating wheels (FCIRW-bogie), bogie with independently rotating wheels (IRW-bogie), and bogie with rigid wheelsets, and their guiding and resetting capability when negotiating large-radius curves are compared and analyzed. Results show that FCIRW has the advantages of both IRW and rigid wheelset. On the straight track, FCIRW has sufficient wheel-rail longitudinal creep force to assist the reset; its critical speed is much higher than that of the rigid wheelset. On the curved track, the whole vehicle wear power of FCIRW-bogie vehicle is about 2/3 of the rigid axle level.
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Tao, Gongquan, Zefeng Wen, Xuesong Jin, and Xiaoxuan Yang. "Polygonisation of railway wheels: a critical review." Railway Engineering Science 28, no. 4 (September 29, 2020): 317–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40534-020-00222-x.

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AbstractPolygonisation is a common nonuniform wear phenomenon occurring in railway vehicle wheels and has a severe impact on the vehicle–track system, ride comfort, and lineside residents. This paper first summarizes periodic defects of the wheels, including wheel polygonisation and wheel corrugation, occurring in railways worldwide. Thereafter, the effects of wheel polygonisation on the wheel–rail interaction, noise and vibration, and fatigue failure of the vehicle and track components are reviewed. Based on the different causes, the formation mechanisms of periodic wheel defects are classified into three categories: (1) initial defects of wheels, (2) natural vibration of the vehicle–track system, and (3) thermoelastic instability. In addition, the simulation methods of wheel polygonisation evolution and countermeasures to mitigate wheel polygonisation are presented. Emphasis is given to the characteristics, effects, causes, and solutions of wheel polygonisation in metro vehicles, locomotives, and high-speed trains in China. Finally, the guidance is provided on further understanding the formation mechanisms, monitoring technology, and maintenance criterion of wheel polygonisation.
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Rosenblat, Grigory, Vladimir Tishkin, and Vladimir Yashin. "Model of Carriage Movement on Plane with Dry Friction Forces." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 16, no. 08 (July 17, 2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v16i07.14551.

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Wheel slip model is an important aspect of vehicle driving stability and safety control. However, in most of the carriage movement models friction forces and wheel slip effect are being neglected. This paper raises the problem of wheel slip in dangerous driving and autonomous vehicles under critical driving modes, then tasks the modeling of movement of an individual vehicle is considered. These are two tasks of nonholonomic mechanics: 1) the movement of a wheelset without wheel slip (two disks freely mounted on an axis) along an inclined plane in the field of gravity, and 2) the movement of a flat wheel model, which, under certain assumptions, can be a four-wheeled carriage. In these tasks, in addition to the standard dynamics (continuous motion without wheel slip), critical situations can also be observed associated with wheel sleep and separation of wheels from plane.
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Mei, T. X., and R. M. Goodall. "Practical Strategies for Controlling Railway Wheelsets Independently Rotating Wheels." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 125, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 354–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1592191.

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This paper presents the development of an active control strategy for railway vehicles with independently rotating wheels. The proposed control scheme is intuitively formulated with a simple control structure and adaptive to vehicle speed. It does not require basic guidance measurements (e.g., wheel-rail deflection and angle of attack) that are expensive and impractical to implement. Speed sensors are used to measure the relative rotational speed of the two wheels on a same axle and sensors are also used to measure the relative yaw velocity of the wheelset and the body it is connected. Both curving performance and passenger ride comfort of the actively controlled vehicle are compared with that of a typical passive vehicle and an optimal control scheme.
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Zhang, Huan Huan, and Guo Ping Yang. "Study on Energy-Saving Driving Mode during Cornering for Motorized Wheels Driving Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 203 (October 2012): 360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.203.360.

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In order to study the energy consumption feature when cornering for motorized wheels driving vehicles, the resistance force on the driving axle was analyzed. A creative method quasi-neutral steering was proposed for vehicle cornering. A motorized wheels driving vehicle model was established, and the simulation of constant speed cornering was performed when the yaw rate as the parameter to control the front-rear torque distribution and the lateral acceleration as the parameter to control the left-right torque distribution. The results indicate that no wheel slipping is happened when quasi-neutral steering. The torque on the rear outer wheel is more than other wheels, and the torque on the outer wheels is more than inner wheels. The power consumption decreases 1.15% by quasi-neutral steering.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vehicle wheels"

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Ewin, Nathan. "Traction control for electric vehicles with independently driven wheels." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:dfc99786-fe17-4225-bd91-3ab83416981f.

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The necessity to reduce climate related emissions is driving the electrication of transportation. As well as reducing emissions Electric Vehicles (EV) have the capability of improving traction and vehicle stability. Unlike a conventional vehicle that uses a single Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) to drive one or both axles, an EV can have an electric machine driving each of the wheels independently. This opens up the possibility of using the electric machines as an actuator for traction control. In conventional vehicles the hydraulic brakes together with the ICE are used to actuate traction control. The advantages of electric machines over hydraulic brakes are precise measurable torque, higher bandwidth, bidirectional torque and kinetic energy recovery. A review of the literature shows that a wide range of control methods is used for traction control of EVs. These are mainly focused on control of an individual wheel, with only a minority being advanced to the experimental stage of verication. Integrated approaches to the control of multiple wheels are generally lacking, as well as verication that tests the vehicle's directional stability. A large body of the literature uses the slip ratio of the wheel as the key control variable. A signicant challenge for slip-based traction control is the detection of vehicle velocity together with the calculation of slip around zero vehicle velocity. A traction control method that does not depend upon vehicle velocity detection or slip ratio is Maximum Transmissible Torque Estimation (MTTE), after Yin et al. (2009). In this thesis an MTTE based method is developed for a full size electric vehicle with independently driven rear wheels. The original MTTE method for a single wheel is analysed using a simple quarter vehicle model. The simulation results of Yin et al. (2009) are in general reproducible although a lack of data in the original research prevents a quantitative comparison. A modication is proposed to the rate compensation term. Simulation results show that the proposed modication ensures that the torque demand is delivered to the wheel under normal driving conditions, this includes negative torque demand which is not possible for MTTE, Yin et al. (2009). Enabling negative torque demands means that the proposed traction control is compatible with higher level stability control such as torque vectoring. The performance of the controller is veried through a combination of simulation and vehicle based experiments. Compared with experiments, simulations are fast and inexpensive and can provide greater insight as all of the variables are observable. To simulate the controller a high delity vehicle model is required. To achieve this it is necessary to initially validate the model against experimental data. Simulation verication using a validated vehicle model is lacking in the literature. A full vehicle model is developed for this thesis using Dymola, a multi-body system software tool. The model includes the full suspension geometry of the vehicle. Pacejka's "Magic Formula" is used for the tyre model. The model is validated using Delta Motorsport's E4 coupe. The two Wheel Independent Drive (2WID) MTTE-based traction controller is derived from the equations of motion for the vehicle. This shows that the maximum transmissible torque for one driven wheel is dependent on the friction force of both driven wheels, which has not been shown before. An equal torque strategy is proposed to maintain vehicle directional stability on mixed-μ roads. For verication the 2WID-MTTE controller is simulated on the validated vehicle model described above. The proposed 2WID-MTTE controller is benchmarked against a similar method without the equal torque strategy, termed Independent MTTE, as well as a method combining Direct Yaw Control (DYC) and Independent MTTE. The three controllers are simulated for a vehicle accelerating onto a split-μ road. The results show that the proposed 2WID-MTTE controller prevents the vehicle spinning o the road when compared to Independent MTTE. 2WID-MTTE is found to be as eective as DYC+Independent MTTE but is simpler in design and requires fewer sensors. The proposed 2WID-MTTE controller is also simulated for a vehicle accelerating from a low- to high-μ road. This is done to assess the controller's ability to return to normal operation after a traction event, and because there are no simulations of this type for MTTE control on a high delity vehicle model in the literature. The results show that oscillations in the tyre-road friction force as the wheel transitions across the change in μ somewhat impede the return of the controller's output torque to the torque demand. The 2WID-MTTE controller is implemented on Delta Motorsport's E4 coupe by integrating it into the vehicle's Powertrain Control Module (PCM). This is experimentally tested for the vehicle accelerating across a range of surfaces at the MIRA proving ground. The experimental tests include high- to low-μ, low- to high-μ and split-μ roads. The results for the high- to low-μ road tests show that 2WID-MTTE control prevents the vehicle spinning when compared to no control. Similar to the simulation, the results of the low- to high-μ road experiment show that the controller output torque is also impeded from returning to the demand torque. Observation of the estimated friction force together with the on-board accelerometers conrm that this is due to tyre friction oscillating after the transition. This justies the use of a tyre model with transient dynamics. The proposed 2WID-MTTE controller uses wheel velocity and torque feedback to estimate friction torque. These signals are obtained from the vehicle's motor controllers via a Controlled Area Network (CAN) bus. The 2WID-MTTE controller is benchmarked against Independent MTTE that uses wheel velocity measured directly from the wheel hub sensors and the torque demand to estimate friction torque. The results show that the delays introduced by the CAN bus increase wheel slip for the 2WID-MTTE controller. However, the equal torque strategy means that 2WID-MTTE controller maintains greater vehicle directional stability, which is more important than the pursuit of greater acceleration.
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Gerrard, Douglas R. "Dynamic control of a vehicle with two independent wheels." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1997. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA340452.

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Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Egnineering) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1997.
"September 1997." Thesis advisor(s): Xiaoping Yun. Includes bibliographical references (p. 27). Also available online.
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Schmitt, Peter S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Just build it! : a fully functional concept vehicle using robotic wheels." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42342.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2007.
Page 64 blank.
Includes bibliographical references (p. [62]-[63]).
Interest in electric vehicle drive units is resurging with the proliferation of hybrid and electric vehicles. Currently emerging key-technologies are: in-wheel motors, electric braking, integrated steering activators and active suspension combined with embedded sensors and real time computation. These electric vehicle drive units have the potential to go beyond current applications and lead to a novel vehicle architectures and a new vehicle culture. Building upon the research in the Smart Cities Group at the MIT Media Lab I propose to implement a novel mechanical and electric robotic wheel technology and the associated control and drive software in a fully functional concept vehicle. I will make use of a modular design for wheel robots which I developed through prior iterations at different scales combined with applied automotive technologies. This platform provides a realistic and scalable test-bed for evaluating the proposed technologies and will ultimately serve building a full scale concept vehicle.
by Peter Schmitt.
S.M.
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Batmanian, Saro, and Pasam Naga. "Control and balancing of a small vehicle with two wheels for autonomous driving." Thesis, KTH, Fordonsdynamik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-265618.

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Control and balancing of an inverted pendulum has gained a lot of attention over the past few decades due to its unstable properties. This has become a great challenge for control engineers to verify and test the control theory. To control and balance an inverted pendulum, proportional integrated derivative (PID) method or linear quadratic regulator (LQR) method can be used through which a lot of simulations can be done using the represented theories.Since urban population is increasing at a very alarming rate, there is a need to discover new ways of transportation to meet the future challenges and demands. Scania has come up with a new conceptual bus called NXT which aims to develop a modular vehicle that should configure and re-configure themselves between different transportation tasks. NXT vehicle has front and rear drive modules which can be represented as single axle, two-wheeled vehicles which in-turn can be viewed as an inverted pendulum with a huge Center of Gravity. Controlling and balancing of the pod or drive module precisely and accurately is an interesting challenge since it is an unstable inverted pendulum with huge center of gravity (COG). This behaviour of the system has created a research question whether the module is controllable or not.Therefore this thesis focuses on the possibility of controlling the pod which is a two-wheeled inverted pendulum vehicle with a COG offset. Also, the thesis focuses on the construction, mod-elling, testing and validation of a down-scaled model, what sensors are needed to balance the pod precisely, how the sensors must be integrated with the system and how the pod can be controlled remotely from a certain distance by a human. The developed pod houses the technologies like sensors, BLDC motor controllers, hoverboard, Arduino board and Bluetooth transmitters.The Master Thesis starts by presenting an introduction to the inverted pendulum theories, Scania NXT project, information about the research methods, thesis outline and structure . It continues by describing related literature about the inverted pendulums, segways, hoverboards, motor controllers and Arduino boards. Afterwards, the process of deriving a mathematical model, together with simulation in Matlab, Simulink and Simscape is described. Later, construction of the pod is made and lot of effort is put to run the pod. Since the pod needs to be controlled remotely by a human, a remote controlled systemis implemented via mobile phone using an app and finally the thesis is finished with a conclusion and ideas for future work.
Reglering och balancering av en inverterad pendel har väckt stor uppmärksamhet över de senaste decennierna på grund av dess instabila egenskaper. Det har skapat stora utmaningar för regleringenjörer eftersom området tillåter test och verifikation av diverese lösningar. För reglering och balansering av en inverterad pendel, så kan en regulator med proportionell, integral och derivat (PID) konstanter eller en linjär kvadratisk regulator (LQR) användas tillsammans med simuleringar för att bekräfta teorin.I och med att stadsbefolkningen ökar i mycket hög takt, så uppstår behovet av att uppfinna nya transportmedel för att lösa framtida utmaningar och krav. Scania har tagit fram en ny konceptbuss som heter NXT, med målet att utveckla ett modulfordon som kommer att konfigurera och rekonfigurera sig själva mellan olika transportuppgifter. NXT-fordonet har fram- och bakdriv-moduler som kan representeras som enaxlade tvåhjuliga fordon, vilka i sin tur kan betraktas som en inverterad pendel med en stor massa. Att reglera och balansera drivmodulen på ett noggrant sätt är en utmaning eftersom det är ett mycket instabilt system med enorm massa och en okänd tyngdpunkt. Systemets beteende har skapat en forskningsfråga om modulen är reglerbar eller inte.Denna uppsats fokuserar därmed på möjligheterna att kunna reglera drivmodulen samt vilka begränsningar det finns. Uppsatsen fokuserar också på konstruktion, modellering, testning och validering av en nedskalad modell, vilka sensorer som krävs för att balansera drivmodulem, samt hur sensorerna måste integreras med systemet för att kunna fjärstyra fordonet från ett visst avstånd. Utveckingen av en sådan nedskalad modell berör olika områden såsom sensorer, BLDC-motorstyrenheter, hoverboard balanserings scootrar, Arduino kretskort och Bluetooth-sändare/mottagare.Uppsasten börjar med en introduction om olika inverterade pendel teorier, Scania NXT project, forskningsmetoder, en översikt och övergripande struktur. Vidare fortsätter beskrivining av relaterade litteratur om inverterade pendel, Segway, hoverboard, borstlösa motor styrenheter och Arduino kretskort. Senare fortsätter processen för att härleda matematiska modeller som beskirver systemet, tillsammans med simuleringar i Matlab, Simulink och Simscape. Därefter beskrivs konstruktionen av en nedskalad modell av drivmodulen och beskrivning av nödvändiga processer för att få hårdvara och mjkukvara att fungera ihop. Då fordonen ska ha möjlighet att fjärrstyras, så implementerades en bluetooth enhet tillsammans med en programmerbar mobil applikation. Slutligen avlutas uppsatsen med resultat, slutsats och diskussioner och förslag till framtida arbeten.
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Schultz, Christopher R. "An Autonomous Underwater Vehicle for Validating Internal Actuator Control Strategies." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33190.

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There are benefits to the use of internal actuators for rotational maneuvers of small-scale underwater vehicles. Internal actuators are protected from the outside environment by the external pressure hull and will not disturb the surrounding environment during inspection tasks. Additionally, internal actuators do not rely on the relative fluid motion to exert control moments, therefore they are useful at low speed and in hover. This paper describes the design, fabrication and testing of one such autonomously controlled, internally actuated underwater vehicle.

The Internally Actuated, Modular Bodied, Untethered Submersible (IAMBUS) can be used to validate non-linear control strategies using internal actuators. Vehicle attitude control is provided by three orthogonally mounted reaction wheels. The housing is a spherical glass pressure vessel, which contains all of the components, such as actuators, ballast system, power supply, on-board computer and inertial sensor. Since the housing is spherically symmetric, the hydrodynamics of IAMBUS are uncoupled (e.g. a roll maneuver does not impact pitch or yaw). This hull shape enables IAMBUS to be used as a spacecraft attitude dynamics and control simulator with full rotational freedom.
Master of Science

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NORMELIUS, ANTON, and KARL BECKMAN. "Hand Gesture Controlled Omnidirectional Vehicle." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279822.

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The purpose of this project was to study how hand gesture control can be implemented on a vehicle that utilizes mecanum wheels in order to move in all directions. Furthermore, it was investigated how the steering of such a vehicle can be made wireless to increase mobility. A prototype vehicle consisting of four mecanum wheels was constructed. Mecanum wheels are such wheels that enable translation in all directions. By varying rotational direction of each wheel, the direction of the resulting force on the vehicle is altered, making it move in the desired direction. Hand gesture control was enabled by constructing another prototype, attached to the hand, consisting of an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) and a transceiver. With the IMU, the hand’s angle against the horizontal plane can be calculated and instructions can be sent over to the vehicle by making use of the transceiver. Those instructions contain a short message that specifies in what direction the vehicle should move. The vehicle rotates the wheels in the desired direction and move thereafter. The results show that wireless hand gesture based control of an omnidirectional vehicle works without any noticeable delay in the transmission and the signals that are sent contain the correct information about moving directions.
Syftet med detta projekt var att studera hur handstyrning kan implementeras på ett fordon som utnyttjar mecanumhjul för att röra sig i alla riktningar. Vidare undersöktes också hur styrningen av sådant fordon kan genomföras trädlöst för ökad mobilitet. En prototypfarkost bestående av fyra mecanumhjul konstruerades. Mecanumhjul är sådana hjul som möjliggör translation i alla riktningar. Genom att variera rotationsriktningen på vardera motor ändras riktningen av den resulterande kraften på farkosten, vilket gör att den kan förflytta sig i önskad riktning. Handstyrning möjliggjordes genom att konstruera en till prototyp, som fästs i anslutning till handen, bestående av en IMU och en transceiver. Med IMU:n kan handens vinkel gentemot horisontalplanet beräknas och instruktioner kan skickas över till farkosten med hjälp av transceivern. Dessa instruktioner innehåller ett kort meddelande som specificerar i vilken riktning farkosten ska röra sig i. Resultaten visar på att trädlös handstyrning av en farkost fungerar utan märkbar tidsfördröjning i signalöverföring och att signalerna som skickas till farkosten innehåller korrekta instruktioner gällande rörelseriktningar.
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Oslizlo, Aleš. "Vliv rotace kol na aerodynamické charakteristiky vozu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229237.

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The diploma thesis is focused on computational examination of influence of boundary condition settings in CFD software on the final aerodynamic characteristics of a vehicle. The flow analysis is carried out around a vehicle with and without the rotation of the wheels and along with the stationary and moving road. Furthermore, there is demonstrated the method of the CFD model composition and there is described the influence of rotating wheels on vehicle aerodynamic characteristics.
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Öhnander, Fred. "An Attempt Towards FE-Modelling of Fracture Propagation in Railway Wheels." Thesis, KTH, Spårfordon, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-234468.

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The demand for higher velocities and heavier axle loads for freight trains leads to higher forces on the railway wheels which in turn lead to an increase in stresses on and below the surface of the wheel-rail contact. By time, this induces wear on the wheels which consequently lead to higher maintenance costs and in some cases accidents. The ability to predict the evolution of wheel profiles due to uniform wear has been demonstrated with a rather accurate precision in most operational conditions. These wear models are based on wear coefficients and since they are not usually valid for real operational conditions, the models are generally calibrated against real-life scenarios in order to adjust the coefficients from test conditions to real-life lubrication conditions. This engineering approach can be useful in prediction of wear in systems where the materials and contact conditions do not vary. However, when addressing material development focused on reducing specific damage modes, the approach is of limited use because the obtained wear coefficients are not directly related to material properties. Therefore, attempts towards developing physical fracture propagation models that relates to the contact conditions and material properties have been made. The purpose has been to retrieve vital information about where a fracture initiates and how it propagates. In the long run, it is of great interest to be able to attain information about how a material particle is removed from the contact surface. Studies for this type of model was done in the 70’s and 80’s mainly with pin-disk experiments but has not been utilized in the specific field of wheel-rail contact. The thesis is part of the FR8RAIL project arranged by the European rail initiative Shift2Rail. Literature studies have been the basis for the thesis in order to gain vital insights into fracture mechanics and other related fields. The physical fracture propagation models have been constructed in the FE software Abaqus with the implementation of the XFEM. For the 2D model, the fracture initiates at the top of the implanted inclusion when the friction coefficient is  and propagates upwards a few elements. For , the fracture initiates at the right surface boundary where the pressure distribution and traction is applied. The fracture propagation angle increases relative to the surface as the friction coefficient value is increased. The fracture for the 3D model extends broader compared to the 2D model at the top of the inclusion in the case of . The fracture initiates at the same surface location as for the 2D model for . The fracture propagation is however non-existent due to convergence problems. The FE-models constructed are initial steps towards analysing the fracture propagation and closely related phenomena for a railway freight wheel in detail. At the end of the thesis, the simplified models give mainly information about the fracture initiation, propagation and its patterns. From this first phase, further adjustments and improvements can take place in order to eliminate the margins of error. In the long run, fully integrated models with further implementations such as detailed microstructure for the contact conditions, plastic behaviour for the material, and complete three-dimensional models can finally be employed.
Efterfrågan på högre hastigheter och tyngre axelbelastningar för godståg leder till högre krafter på järnvägshjulen som i sin tur leder till ökade spänningar på och under ytan vid hjul-räl-kontakten. Med tiden induceras slitage på hjulen som följaktligen leder till höga underhållskostnader och i vissa fall olyckor. Förmågan att förutse utvecklingen av hjulprofiler på grund av enhetligt slitage har visats kunna ske med en noggrann precision under de flesta driftsförhållanden. Dessa slitagemodeller bygger på slitagekoefficienter, och eftersom de vanligtvis inte är giltiga under realistiska driftsförhållanden är modellerna i allmänhet kalibrerade mot verkliga händelseförlopp för att justera koefficienterna från testförhållandena till realistiska smörjförhållanden. Detta tekniska tillvägagångssätt kan vara användbart vid prognos av slitage i system där material och kontaktförhållanden inte varierar. När man addresserar materialutveckling inriktad på att reducera specifika skadelägen är emellertid tillvägagångssättet av begränsad användning eftersom de erhållna slitagekoefficienterna inte är direkt relaterade till materialegenskaper. Därför har försök gjorts till att utveckla fysikaliska sprickbildningsmodeller som relateras till kontaktförhållanden och materialegenskaper. Syftet har varit att erhålla viktig information om var en spricka initieras och hur den fortskrider. I det långa loppet är det även av stor vikt att kunna erhålla information om hur en materialpartikel avlägsnas från kontaktytan. Studier för denna typ av modeller har gjorts på 70- och 80-talet i huvudsak med stift- och skivexperiment men har inte använts inom det specifika området för hjul-räl-kontakt. Avhandligen ingår i FR8RAIL-projektet som arrangeras av det europeiska järnvägsinitiativet Shift2Rail. Literaturstudier har varit grunden för avhandlingen för att få väsentlig insikt i frakturmekanik och andra relaterade områden. De fysiska sprickbildningsmodellerna har konstrueras i FE-mjukvaran Abaqus med XFEM som implementering. För 2D-modellen initieras sprickan överst vid den implanterade imperfektionen när friktionskoefficienten är  och propagerar uppåt några få element. För  initieras sprickan på högra ytgränsen där tryckfördelning och friktionskraft appliceras. Utbredningsvinkeln för sprickan ökar relativt till ytan då friktionskoefficienten ökar. Sprickan för 3D-modellen breder ut sig mer jämfört med 2D-modellen överst vid imperfektionen då . Sprickan initieras på samma ytplats som för 2D-modellen vid . Sprickbildningen är dock obefintlig på grund av konvergensproblem. De konstruerade FE-modellerna är initiala steg mot att analysera sprickutbredningen och närbesläktade fenomen för ett godstågs järnvägshjul i detalj. I slutet av avhandlingen ger de förenklade modellerna huvudsakligen information om sprickinitiering, utbredning och dess mönster. Ytterligare justeringar och förbättringar kan ske efter denna första fas i syfte att eliminera felmarginalerna. På lång sikt kan slutligen helt integrerande modeller med ytterligare implementeringar såsom detaljerad mikrostruktur för kontaktförhållandena, oelastiskt materialbeteende och kompletta tredimensionella modeller användas.
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Juna, Anwar Pervez. "On the characterisation and detection of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) type cracks in railway vehicle wheels using an alternating current field measurement (ACFM) technique." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7945/.

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The development of the alternating current field measurement (ACFM) technique for high-speed inspection of railway wheels/track is important to ensure the integrity of railway assets. The stress and conditions at the wheel/rail contact patch, severity of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damage and changes in microstructure and hardness with tread depth for railway wheels are investigated. This study employs experimental measurement of RCF defects in railway wheels to understand ACFM sensor signal - RCF defect relationships. The influence of sensor frequency and speed, sensor angle relative to crack angle, lift-off distance, crack propagation angle and inter-crack spacing distance are investigated. Low rather than high frequency sensors are better suited at sizing cracks in railway wheels and track. The optimum signal is obtained when the sensor is oriented parallel to the crack angle. The signal is reduced at higher speeds. The maximum change in the normalised Bx signal component of the sensor’s magnetic field is greater for closely spaced cracks (< 5 mm) and thus overestimates the defect. Inter-crack spacing distances of 15-20 mm yield estimates for crack pocket depths that are oversized by 20-36%. The inner cracks in a cluster with four defects yields higher Bₓ values than expected and thus significantly over sizes the defects at 15-20 mm inter-crack spacing distances, whereas, the sensor provides reasonable depth estimates for the outer cracks. Crack propagation angle affects the signal. Scans conducted with the probe oriented at 90° to the cluster of cracks consisting of a deep central crack surrounded by shallow cracks results in a distinct central sensor Bₓ signal that consists of a peak due to a flux leakage effect, thus, identifying the critical defect.
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Varnhagen, Scott Julian. "Development of Vehicle Dynamics Control for Wheel-Motored Vehicles." Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3685305.

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This dissertation describes a methodology for the vehicle dynamics control of a wheel motored vehicle. All theory is developed assuming that the driver has control of the front wheel steering angle, and that wheel torque is solely generated by independent wheel motors at each corner of the vehicle. Theoretical work is presented for the general case with four independent wheel motors, but can be easily reduced to a situation with only two wheel motors. Indeed, all theory developed in this work is evaluated experimentally on a production automobile converted to be driven by two independent rear wheel motors.

As opposed to directly allocating wheel torques, the proposed philosophy operates in the slip-ratio domain. Doing so helps to prevent excessive tire saturation and allows the system to adapt to changing road surfaces. To that end, this dissertation first proposes a method of estimating slip-ratio utilizing only sensors currently available on modern automobiles. A slip-ratio controller is then developed approximating the disturbance observer structure. This allows the controller to be robust to changing road surface and as a byproduct provide an accurate estimate of longitudinal tire force. Combining the estimated longitudinal tire force with the estimated slip-ratio it is then possible to ascertain some degree of tire saturation. With this in mind, an optimal control allocation problem is proposed which attempts to achieve the desired vehicle dynamics while at the same time minimizing tire saturation.

It is shown experimentally that the proposed control methodology effectively achieves desired vehicle dynamics. In addition, the system adapts its behavior to changing road surfaces resulting in optimal performance regardless of operating conditions.

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Books on the topic "Vehicle wheels"

1

Gerrard, Douglas R. Dynamic control of a vehicle with two independent wheels. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1997.

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Matschinsky, Wolfgang. Road vehicle suspensions. London, UK: Professional Engineering Pub., 2000.

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Gordon, Groene, ed. Living aboard your RV: A guide to the fulltime life on wheels. 2nd ed. Camden, Me: Ragged Mountain Press, 1993.

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California. Legislature. Senate. Committee on Insurance. Fraud on wheels: Vehicle theft, staged accidents, bogus auto body work. Sacramento, CA (1020 N Street, Room B-53, Sacramento 95814): Senate Publications, 2000.

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Bridgwater, Andrew Peter. Modelling of tyre modes for the prediction of vibrational inputs at vehicle wheels. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1997.

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Gordon, Groene, ed. Living aboard your recreational vehicle: A guide to the fulltime life on wheels. Merrillville, Ind: ICS Books, 1986.

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White, Dave (David Alan), 1973- illustrator, ed. Race to win! New York, NY: Scholastic Inc., 2013.

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California. Legislature. Senate. Committee on Insurance. Fraud on wheels: Criminals not the only ones at fault : vehicle theft, staged accidents, bogus auto body work. Sacramento, CA (1020 N St., Sacramento 95814): Senate Publications, 2000.

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F, Carter John. The NASA landing gear test airplane. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Radlauer, Ed. Wheels, wheels, and more wheels. Lake Forest, Ill: Forest House, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Vehicle wheels"

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Dennis, R. A. "6. Wheels for motor vehicle tyres." In Making Wheels, 100–138. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780442747.006.

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Farhat, Nabilah, Christopher Ward, Omar Shaebi, David Crosbee, Julian Stow, Ruichen Wang, Roger Goodall, and Martin Whitley. "Controlling a Rail Vehicle with Independently-Rotating Wheels." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 31–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38077-9_4.

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Sundararajan, T., R. Muthuraj, P. Hariharan, and R. Srinivasan. "A Novel Methodology of Enhancing Vehicle Safety Using a Safety Valve for Vehicle Wheels." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 419–26. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6619-6_45.

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Lu, Hongzhou, Lilong Zhang, Jiegong Wang, Zhaozhi Xuan, Xiandong Liu, Aimin Guo, Wenjun Wang, and Guimin Lu. "The Development of Lightweight Commercial Vehicle Wheels Using Microalloying Steel." In HSLA Steels 2015, Microalloying 2015 & Offshore Engineering Steels 2015, 597–604. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119223399.ch73.

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Lu, Hongzhou, Lilong Zhang, Jiegong Wang, Zhaozhi Xuan, Xiandong Liu, Aimin Guo, Wenjun Wang, and Guimin Lu. "The Development of Lightweight Commercial Vehicle Wheels Using Microalloying Steel." In HSLA Steels 2015, Microalloying 2015 & Offshore Engineering Steels 2015, 597–604. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48767-0_73.

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Pavia, Giancarlo, and Martin Passmore. "Characterisation of Wake Bi-stability for a Square-Back Geometry with Rotating Wheels." In Progress in Vehicle Aerodynamics and Thermal Management, 93–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67822-1_6.

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Zhang, Xudong, and Dietmar Göhlich. "Integrated traction control strategy for 4-motorized-wheels electric vehicles with improvement of economy and longitudinal driving stability." In Advanced Vehicle Control AVEC’16, 717–22. CRC Press/Balkema, P.O. Box 11320, 2301 EH Leiden, The Netherlands, e-mail: Pub.NL@taylorandfrancis.com, www.crcpress.com – www.taylorandfrancis.com: Crc Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315265285-113.

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Zhou, Zhihui, Xinhai Liu, Yuanyuan Zhou, Gaopeng Zhao, and Zongyi Xing. "A Global Non-roundness Detection Algorithm for Urban Rail Vehicle Wheels." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 57–65. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2866-8_6.

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Reisner, Maximilian Georg, R. Clauß, and G. Prokop. "Influence of rotating wheels on the vehicle dynamics of passenger cars." In Proceedings, 813–34. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-18459-9_56.

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Höfer, Andreas, Erhard Esl, Daniel Türk, and Veronika Hüttinger. "Conception and Development of a Last Mile Vehicle for Urban Areas." In Small Electric Vehicles, 167–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65843-4_13.

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AbstractIn megacities, increasing globalization effects are leading to rapidly increasing prosperity and augmented purchasing power, and thus to a growing need for punctual, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly delivery of goods. A smart, small electric vehicle concept is presented that targets on meeting the requirements for the delivery of goods in urban areas and that is designed especially for the delivery on the last mile. This last mile vehicle (LMV) for cargo transportation is attached to a truck. Whenever it is needed, for example to deliver goods into narrow streets, in pedestrian areas or in case of traffic jams, it can be unfolded and unloaded from the truck and hereby guarantees a flexible and punctual delivery of goods. This flexible on-time delivery is possible because the last mile vehicle is designed, so that the legal regulations of the non-motorized vehicle lane, that is everywhere to be found in Asia, are met. The vehicle is designed with three wheels, a range of 40-60 km and an electric drive train with a continuous power of 2 × 250 W that enables a maximum speed up to 40 km/h of the vehicle. The drive train consists of a battery pack that can be charged electrically from the truck, two inverters, and two electric wheel hub motors. The LMV has been designed and constructed as a prototype and has been tested on non-public roads to prove the vehicle concept. For Europe, it can be classified as an L2e vehicle and with slight modifications; it can be applied on European roads as well.
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Conference papers on the topic "Vehicle wheels"

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Narvesen, Andrew, and Majura F. Selekwa. "Dynamics and Control of Four Wheeled Differentially Steered UGVs." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38565.

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Autonomous navigation of ground vehicles is a growing research area. Skid steered wheeled ground vehicles are of interest because of the system’s relatively easy control parameters. Steered wheels require actuation and control for the steering and speed of the steered wheels while skid steering just requires actuation and control of the wheel speeds, usually just a left and right wheel speed. Four Wheeled differentially steered vehicles are built primarily for straight line motion since the instantaneous centers of zero velocities for the four wheels are always at infinity when there is no sliding in the wheels. When the vehicle has to negotiate a corner, it uses the differential velocities between sides to force the wheels to slide and perform the cornering maneuver. Maneuvering is difficult when the ground friction is very high because of undue stresses in the axle structure. This paper analyses the dynamics of such vehicles that relates the traction and skid friction forces and proposes a suitable control system. At this time, the paper is supported by simulation results while experimental work is still going on.
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Manla, G., N. M. White, and J. Tudor. "Harvesting energy from vehicle wheels." In TRANSDUCERS 2009 - 2009 International Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems Conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sensor.2009.5285831.

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Xu, Guangzhong, Holger M. Roser, and Nong Zhang. "Experimental Study of a Roll-Plane Hydraulically Interconnected Suspension System Under Vehicle Articulation Mode." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63377.

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This paper presents a detailed experimental study to quantitatively assess the performance of a roll-plane Hydraulically Interconnected Suspension (HIS) system in articulation (warp) mode. This mode is critical for better off-road vehicle handling, particularly in utility vehicles. Articulation of a four-wheel vehicle describes the in-phase motion of two diagonally opposed wheels, with adjacent wheels moving out of phase. The widely used anti-roll bars, required for increased roll resistance, also stiffen the articulation mode, which may result in one or more wheels losing ground contact on uneven surfaces, compromising vehicle stability and safety. Yet roll-plane HIS systems are capable of decoupling vehicle roll from articulation. A comparative experimental analysis of HIS and conventional anti-roll bars has been conducted to evaluate vehicle dynamic performance at full-car level under articulation excitation. Test results demonstrate that the HIS system has a negligible effect on wheel travel in articulation mode, offering a significant improvement in vehicle handling and safety over conventional anti-roll bars.
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Nanda Kumar, C. S., and Shankar C. Subramanian. "Analysis of Vehicle Lateral Response During Regenerative Braking in a Turn." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66355.

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Regenerative braking is applied only at the driven wheels in electric and hybrid vehicles. The presence of brake force only at the driven wheels reduces the lateral traction limit of the corresponding tires. This impacts the vehicle lateral response, particularly while applying the regenerative brake in a turn. In this paper, a detailed study was made on the impact of regenerative brake on the vehicle lateral response in front wheel drive and rear wheel drive configurations on dry and wet asphalt road surfaces. Simulations were done considering a typical set of vehicle parameters with the IPG CarMaker® software for different drive conditions and braking configurations along the same reference track. The steering wheel angle, yaw rate, lateral acceleration, vehicle slip angle, and tire forces were obtained. Further, they were compared against the conventional all wheel friction brake configuration. The regenerative braking configuration that had the most impact on vehicle lateral response was analyzed and response variations were quantified.
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Zhang, SongAn, Qing Zhou, and Yong Xia. "Influence of Wheels on Frontal Crash Response of Small Lightweight Electric Vehicle." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50699.

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For vehicle frontal crash, the front wheels may affect impact load transfer and load path, and to some extent, the tire deformation may contribute to crash energy absorption. The effects would be especially prominent when it comes to the cases of micro car, offset crash and electric car. For a micro or small car, the front compartment space is small and the wheels are relatively large, and so the wheel’s role on transferring impact load to the A-pillar and the rocker is more significant and the energy absorbed by the tire deformation contributes to a relatively large portion. Moreover, in the case of an offset or small overlap collision, the wheel impacted is apparently engaged at a deeper level than that in full frontal crash. For an electric car when its electric motor is positioned in the rear of the car, the front compartment does not have space-taking engine and so the structural deformation and space use are more affected by the wheels. In this paper, by finite element simulations using a small lightweight electric vehicle (SLEV) model, the above-mentioned aspects are studied. The model has no complex components, and therefore is suitable for parametric study. The influence of the front wheels on the impact load transfer and the energy absorbed by the tire deformation are analyzed. Also front crash results of SLEV are compared with Yaris to show how front wheels affect load path in crash. The results show that the influence of wheels on frontal crash response of small lightweight electric vehicles should not be ignored and should be an integral part of crash safety design.
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Wang, Rongrong, and Junmin Wang. "Fault-Tolerant Control of Electric Ground Vehicles With Independently-Actuated Wheels." In ASME 2010 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2010-4255.

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This paper presents a fault-tolerant control method for four-wheel independently driven (4WID) electric vehicles. 4WID electric vehicle is one of the promising architectures for electric vehicles in the future. While such a vehicle architecture greatly increases the flexibility for vehicle control, it also demands more on system reliability, safety, and fault tolerance due to the increased number of actuators and subsystems. An active fault tolerant control approach for 4WID electric vehicle is developed to accommodate the fault of in-wheel motor and motor driver pairs. Based on an in-wheel motor/motor driver fault detection mechanism, a control-allocation based vehicle control system is designed to accommodate the in-wheel motor/motor driver fault by automatically allocating the control effort among other healthy wheels. Simulations using a high-fidelity CarSim® full-vehicle model show the effectiveness of the proposed fault-tolerant control approach.
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Keller, Andrei, and Sergei Aliukov. "Methodology of System Analysis of Power Distribution among Drive Wheels of an All-wheel-drive Truck." In SAE 2015 Commercial Vehicle Engineering Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-2788.

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Vantsevich, Vladimir V. "AWD Vehicle Dynamics and Energy Efficiency Improvement by Means of Interaxle Driveline and Steering Active Fusion." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12386.

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This paper presents a novel approach to improve both energy efficiency and lateral dynamics of an all-wheel drive (AWD) vehicle by means of active functional/operational fusion of a driveline system, which distributes power between the front and rear driving axles, and a steering system that steers the front driving wheels. The paper starts by presenting the kinematic discrepancy factor, which is a normalized difference of the front and rear theoretical velocities that influences the wheel power distribution, as a mathematical function of the tire rolling radii in the driven mode, the gear ratios of the driveline system, and the steering angle of the front wheels. Using this function, the gear ratios from the transfer case to the front and rear wheels are determined to optimize vehicle energy efficiency by minimizing the kinematic discrepancy at the vehicle’s straight line motion and on a curve. It is also analytically shown that the wheel power distribution leads to the variation of the circumferential force of the front wheels that significantly influences the magnitude and direction of the front wheel lateral force. Thus, the paper introduced the wheel power distribution between the driving axles as an instrument for controlling oversteer-understeer transition of a vehicle, i.e., controlling vehicle lateral dynamics. Finally, the steering angle of the front wheels is considered and analyzed as an input of an active steering system to control the vehicle oversteer-understeer process in combination with the effect of the steering angle on the kinematic discrepancy factor. Longitudinal velocity control is added to constrain the lateral acceleration. Thus, the functional fusion of the active steering and driveline systems for enhancing both AWD vehicle energy efficiency and dynamics is introduced for the first time.
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Blair, D. B., and I. J. Spark. "Computer Controlled Integrated Steering / Drive System for Vehicles." In ASME 1996 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-detc/cie-1435.

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Abstract This paper discusses how a computer controlled four-wheel-steering (4WS) system can be used to increase the ability, namely low speed stability and traction as well as increased manoeuvrability of four-wheel-drive (4WD) vehicles. The essential feature of the integrated 4WS/4WD vehicle is that the path of the vehicle is selected via a joy stick or steering wheel, and a computer then controls the drive system of the two right hand wheels independently of the two left hand wheels, along with the positive rotation of the four wheels about vertical axes to the appropriate angles. Previous work by Spark and Besselink (1994a) relating to two wheel steering (2WS) / two wheel drive (2WD) systems will also be discussed briefly and expanded.
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Balabina, Tat'yana, Mariya Karelina, and Aleksey Mamaev. "DETERMINATION OF RUT DEPTH AND RUTING POWER WHEN ROLLING WHEELS ON DEFORMABLE GROUND." In PROBLEMS OF APPLIED MECHANICS. Bryansk State Technical University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/conferencearticle_5fd1ed03e57c85.50915417.

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Wheeled tractors and wheeled earth-moving machines are widely used in road construction, in municipal services. The group of wheeled vehicles, numerous and varied in purpose and design, are general transport vehicles used for the transportation of various types of bulk cargo, and specialized vehicles designed to perform narrow target functions. A characteristic feature of these types of wheeled vehicles is their ability to work not only on roads with asphalt-concrete pavement, but also on deformable soil surfaces. When the wheels roll on the ground, the power consumption required to ensure the movement of the wheeled vehicle increases sharply, questions arise related to the passability of the vehicles, their controllability, and the loads in the transmission. In this regard, it becomes necessary to consider various aspects of the movement of machines in these conditions, in particular, the determination of the power spent on rutting and the depth of the track, which is what this study is devoted to. The use of the “stamp wheel” model in this work made it possible to obtain relatively simple dependencies that make it possible to calculate the track depth and the power spent on rolling both a single wheel on deformable soil, and during the sequential passage of the wheels with an expansion of the track, when the next wheel does not move. in the next ", ie exactly along the track laid by the first wheel, and with some lateral displacement. In this case, part of the wheel moves along the laid track, and the other part expands the track, compacting the previously non-deformable soil. The results of calculations using the derived formulas are in good agreement with the experimental data, which indicates the practical applicability of the obtained dependences.
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Reports on the topic "Vehicle wheels"

1

Reister, D. B., and M. A. Unseren. Position and force control of a vehicle with two or more steerable drive wheels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10151323.

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Reister, D. B., and M. A. Unseren. Position and force control of a vehicle with two or more steerable drive wheels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6579272.

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Brinkman, Norman, Michael Wang, Trudy Weber, and Thomas Darlington. Well-to-Wheels Analysis of Advanced Fuel/Vehicle Systems: A North American Study of Energy Use, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Criteria Pollutant Emissions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1218344.

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Pharaon, Jean W. Tracked Vehicle Road Wheel Puller. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada496121.

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Nishimura, Masatsugu, Yoshitaka Tezuka, Enrico Picotti, Mattia Bruschetta, Francesco Ambrogi, and Toru Yoshii. Study of Rider Model for Motorcycle Racing Simulation. SAE International, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2019-32-0572.

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Abstract:
Various rider models have been proposed that provide control inputs for the simulation of motorcycle dynamics. However, those models are mostly used to simulate production motorcycles, so they assume that all motions are in the linear region such as those in a constant radius turn. As such, their performance is insufficient for simulating racing motorcycles that experience quick acceleration and braking. Therefore, this study proposes a new rider model for racing simulation that incorporates Nonlinear Model Predictive Control. In developing this model, it was built on the premise that it can cope with running conditions that lose contact with the front wheels or rear wheels so-called "endo" and "wheelie", which often occur during running with large acceleration or deceleration assuming a race. For the control inputs to the vehicle, we incorporated the lateral shift of the rider's center of gravity in addition to the normally used inputs such as the steering angle, throttle position, and braking force. We compared the performance of the new model with that of the conventional model under constant radius cornering and straight braking, as well as complex braking and acceleration in a single (hairpin) corner that represented a racing run. The results showed that the new rider model outperformed the conventional model, especially in the wider range of running speed usable for a simulation. In addition, we compared the simulation results for complex braking and acceleration in a single hairpin corner produced by the new model with data from an actual race and verified that the new model was able to accurately simulate the run of actual MotoGP riders.
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Van Horn, Albert. Mortality Curves for Road Wheels of Tracked Vehicles. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada179766.

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COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES INC DUMFRIES VA. Overarching Tactical Wheeled Vehicle Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada405270.

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8

Boyd, Kenneth L. Wheeled versus Tracked Vehicle Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada166390.

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9

Yapp, Clifford. Vehicle Tire and Wheel Creation in BRL-CAD. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada499661.

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10

YUMA PROVING GROUND AZ. Wheeled and Tracked Vehicle Air Cleaner Adequacy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada203374.

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