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1
Gupta, Sonali. "Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocols in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs): A Comparative Study." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 11, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 847–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v11i1.13567.
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VANET is a novel way for fast-moving autos to connect. VANET provided traffic engineering, management, emergency information to avoid accidents, and other user applications. VANETs are similar to Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs), but they have fast speeds, mobility, adequate storage and processing power, unexpected node density, difficult communication environments with limited connection lifespans, etc. Hence, VANET protocol testing needs realism. Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is a new communication paradigm that allows road network V2V and V2I communication (V2I). It supports traffic engineering, emergency information transfer, and other user applications. Vehicular networks distribute data about road traffic conditions to keep vehicles safe and efficient. VANET Applications' characteristics—different network density, fast vehicle movement—make data dissemination difficult. Performance requirements determine these protocols' vehicle area network applicability. Vehicles talking with each other and roadside units constitute Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs), a specific type of MANET (RSUs). VANETs allow safety, traffic management, and infotainment. Due to vehicle mobility and frequent network topology changes, VANETs have routing difficulties. This paper compares VANET routing protocols. . Simulations reveal that mobility pattern, network density, and traffic load affect protocol performance.
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Jeyaprakash, Thangakumar, and Rajeswari Mukesh. "Simulation of Vehicular Ad-hoc Network Routing Protocols with a Performance Analysis." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 11, no. 2 (June 23, 2015): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v11i2.107.
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Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET), a subset of Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANETs), is one of the emerging technologies of Road Transportation system. In recent years, the aspect of Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is becoming an interesting research area as it is characterized as self-configured wireless network. The design of routing protocols in VANETs is play a vital role and necessary issue for the Vehicle to Vehicle Communication Technology. The existing routing protocols of MANETs are suitable for VANET with changes in configuration of protocol. The routing protocols fall into two major categories of topology-based and position-based routing. We discussed different kinds of existing routing protocols with two major categories, the advantages and limitations of each which will helps to enhance the existing routing protocols for the suitability of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks. We implemented three existing routing protocols and the testing results stated that the performance of each in aspects of various parameters such as Packet Delivery Ratio, Throughput and End-End Delay using Network Simulator.
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Kuthe, Annaji, Tejas Chaudhari, Shekhar Thakare, Praful Dohtare, and Divyadeep Waghmare. "Design and Implementation of VANET in Ad hoc Network using MATLAB." International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing 11, no. 3 (March 30, 2022): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.47760/ijcsmc.2022.v11i03.007.
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Today wireless communications is becoming the most useful means of transferring data, and the most active research sector. In this I will demonstrate one of the most useful types of the Ad-Hoc networks; the Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks. VANET is the sort of technology of constructing an Ad-Hoc network with resilience between vehicles and each other, as well as, between mobile vehicles and with all roadside unit additionally. To facilitate the communication between automobiles, a special type of MANET known as VANET has been developed. Using realistic vehicle mobility models, we develop VANET simulators and models for representing vehicle communication and mobility. This test necessitates the use of both a traffic and network simulator. However, because it is simple, easy, and inexpensive, the MATLAB has been preferred to the traffic simulation. An urban scenario Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VAN) simulation is the goal of this paper, which can be used for testing. MAC protocols in VANETs can benefit from this type of environment.
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Khanpara, Pimal, and Stuti Bhojak. "Routing Protocols and Security Issues in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks: A Review." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2325, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2325/1/012042.
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Abstract Vehicular Ad hoc Networks, also known as VANETs, are temporary wireless networks consisting of different types of automobiles as network nodes and the connections among these vehicles as links. VANET is a booming technology that has become quite popular in research, academia, and industry domains. A VANET can be considered as a moving network in which the nodes are automobiles. As VANETs are basically ad hoc networks, they have all the fundamental characteristics of ad hoc networks including computational and storage constraints. A network of VANETs can also be formed to enhance the safety and other services for vehicle drivers. VANETs are proven to be efficient in many real-life scenarios including traffic control and driver assistance. Information communicated through VANETs can definitely help to improve the user driving experience and avoid collisions. This paper discusses various deployment scenarios for VANETs along with the communication requirements and security concerns.
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Tippannavar, Sanjay, Meghana N, and Yashwanth S D. "A Security Protocol for V2V Communication using NS2 Network Simulator." International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering 10, no. 03 (March 31, 2023): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/ijirae.2023.v1003.02.
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The principles of MANETs, or mobile ad hoc networks, form the foundation of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). Vanet was first introduced as "Car to Vehicle ad hoc mobile communication and networking" in 2001. In order to build a communication network and transfer data among vehicles, Vanet were invented. Vanet uses a variety of means to establish communication, including vehicle-to-vehicle communication. In this project, both roadside-to-roadside and vehicle-to-roadside communications are employed, and vehicle-to-roadside communication is taken into consideration. A different term for VANETs is Intelligent Transportation Networks. The "Internet of Vehicles" (Vanet) has expanded into a larger system and will ultimately become the internet. There will be a "Internet of autonomous vehicles" in the not too distant future. Wireless networking is used by Vanets for networking and communication; even LTE and 5G may be used by vanets. In this project, a protocol is being developed to provide security for the established connection in Vanet, i.e., to recognise and stop any network intrusions. The NS2 network simulator is used to implement this protocol for testing purposes.
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Abdulkader, Zaid A., Azizol Abdullah, Mohd Taufik Abdullah, and Zuriati Ahmad Zukarnain. "Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks and Security Issues: Survey." Modern Applied Science 11, no. 5 (April 8, 2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v11n5p30.
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Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) technologies are evolving networked communications advances that incorporate mobile-based routing protocol sets for inter-vehicular exchanges of information in support of smart transportation networks. Privacy and security difficulties are primary concerns in VANET research as a result of the repeated vehicular movements, time-critical responses, and hybrid VANET architectures that differentiate these from other ad hoc networking types. Therefore, the design of secure mechanisms for authenticating and validating message transmissions between vehicles and eliminating adversarial elements from networks are of considerable importance in VANET research. This report offers a review of VANET features and security difficulties. The paper also summarizes certain chief threats to the authentication, confidentiality, and availability of secure services.
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Tonoro, Aletheia Anggelia, Hartanto K. Wardana, and Saptadi Nugroho. "Simulasi dan Pengkajian Performa Vehicular Ad Hoc Network." Techné : Jurnal Ilmiah Elektroteknika 14, no. 01 (April 1, 2015): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31358/techne.v14i01.121.
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Meningkatnya, tingkat kecelakaan dan kemacetan di jalan raya, dan berkembangnya teknologi informasi dengan menggunakan wireless, menghadirkan teknologi Wireless Access for Vehicular Environment (WAVE) sebagai standart komunikasi kendaraan. Salah satu, perkembangan WAVE adalah Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET). Teknologi VANET memungkinkan sebuah perangkat komunikasi dapat berkomunikasi secara langsung dengan perangkat lain dalam posisi bergerak misalnya mobil. Meskipun VANET dapat membantu menyelesaikan permasalahan lalu lintas seperti kecelakaan, dan kemacetan, tapi untuk membangun infrastruktur jaringan VANET tidaklah mudah dan membutuhkan biaya yang cukup besar. Untuk itu, muncullah network simulator seperti VEINS, SUMO dan OMNET++ yang dapat membantu mensimulasikan jaringan VANET tanpa harus mengeluarkan biaya untuk membangun infrastrukturnya. Karena itu, pada akan dilakukan simulasi jaringan VANET menggunakan VEINS, SUMO dan OMNET++. Dalam pengujian unjuk kerja VANET digunakan 3 jenis routing yaitu Optimized Link State (OLSR), Ad hoc on Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) dan Dynamic Manet on Demand (DYMO) dengan delay, throughput dan packet delivery ratio sebagai parameter pengujian.
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P. Sarvade, Varun, and ShrirangAmbaji Kulkarni. "Real-World Multimedia Streaming for Software Defined Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks." International journal of Computer Networks & Communications 15, no. 04 (July 27, 2023): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcnc.2023.15402.
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Multimedia services with required Quality of Service (QoS) is one of the most critical challenges in Software Defined Network (SDN) based Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs). It forms an essential part of the Intelligent Transport System (ITS), where infotainment services play an essential role.Streaming multimedia is one of the most popular applications and has a high demand for VANET infotainment services. The major issues for multimedia streaming on VANET are scalability, mobility of vehicles, frequent connection failures, frequent change in network topology, and distributed architecture with heterogeneous devices. To overcome these problems and provide a better QoS, we propose using a hybridarchitecture with a combination of VANET and SDN called Software-Defined Vehicular Networks (SDVN). This work presents a modified POX controller-based SDN framework for VANETs, especially for multimedia streaming applications in realistic traffic patterns. The proposed work has a real-world setup developed using Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO), where iPerf generates multimedia traffic. Also, streaming standard-definition YouTube videos in real-time between the vehicular nodes was done. The modified POX controller could take advantage of the centralised perspective of the network for action determination, and the integrated spanning tree algorithm reduced the redundancy. Despite the dynamic nature of the testing environments, the proposed Modified POX Controller consistently outperformed VANET, with up to 21 to 42% better packet delivery ratio for higher data transfer rates. The overall improvement in QoS parameters also accompanies an improvement in the consumers Quality of Experience (QoE) factors.
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Jeyaprakash, Thangakumar, and Rajeswari Mukesh. "An Optimized Node Selection Routing Protocol for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks – A Hybrid Model." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 11, no. 2 (June 23, 2015): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v11i2.106.
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Vehicular Ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are a subset of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks made by vehicles communicating among themselves on roadways. The Routing protocols implemented for MANETs such as Ad-hoc on Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and Destination Sequence Distance Vector Routing Protocol (DSDV) are not suitable for VANET due to high Mobility. Trusted routing in VANET is a challenging task due to highly dynamic network topology and openness of wireless architecture. To avoid a frequent communication link failure, to reduce the communication overhead and to provide a trusted routing among the vehicular nodes for achieving high packet transmission, we implemented an Optimized Node Selection Routing protocol (ONSRP) of VANET based on Trust. In our proposed work, we implemented an enhanced routing protocol which prevents the network from communication link failure frequently. The testing results stated that the ONSRP routing have a high performance measures than the above mentioned existing routing protocols.
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Fernandes, Pascoal Daniel, and Dr M. N. Nachappa. "Networking in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET) for Accident Prevention." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 1519–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41559.
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Abstract: VANET (Vehicular Ad Hoc Network) is an emerging technology for intelligent inter-vehicle communications. It is a specialized derivation of pure multi-hop ad hoc networking that is currently undergoing industrial prototyping; however, the dreamed idea of a general purpose vehicular ad hoc network is still a long way off. For the past few years, vehicular communication has been a hot topic. The VANET objective is to use short-range wireless technology to provide road safety and commercial comfort applications. Many routing protocols have been designed specifically for such networks, with the majority of them attempting to make use of information that may be available at the vehicle by the time a routing choice is required. We have investigated the AODV and GPSR in this study. Keywords: AODV, GPSR, Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks, Ad-Hoc Routing, Routing Protocols.
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Hezam Al Junaid, Mohammed Ali, A. A. Syed, Mohd Nazri Mohd Warip, Ku Nurul Fazira Ku Azir, and Nurul Hidayah Romli. "Classification of Security Attacks in VANET: A Review of Requirements and Perspectives." MATEC Web of Conferences 150 (2018): 06038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815006038.
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Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is a pillar of the envisioned Intelligent Transport System (ITS) and a subset of Mobile Ad Hoc Network that grants the communication in between the vehicles alongside with the absence of established communication infrastructure. Exposure to vulnerabilities of Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) has been shown to be related to its nature of the environmental. For this reason, VANET security becomes a critical challenge that need to be resolved. In this paper, we assess the VANET security issues and discuss the challenges in VANET. Equally important, we comparatively review the security requirements, the type of attacks and capabilities of attackers present in VANET.
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Shugran, Mahmoud Ali Al. "Non-Delay Tolerant Non-Overlay Routing Protocols Performance Evaluation for VANET." Computer and Information Science 14, no. 4 (September 3, 2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/cis.v14n4p20.
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A Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is a distinctive situation of wireless ad hoc networks. The designing of the routing protocol considers a critical role in communication in VANET. VANET has specific features compared to other types of wireless ad hoc networks that impose special characteristics for designing of efficient routing protocols.The challenging factor in designing efficient routing protocols for VANET is the high movement of vehicles that incurs a rapid change in the network topology that causes frequent link breakage. This paper presents and evaluates different position-based routing protocols associated with VANETs. The evaluation aiming to determine appropriate specifications for optimal routing protocols’ features achieving best performance within different environmental conditions. The performance comparison is carried out in terms of Packet Delivery Rate (PDR), Void Problem Occurrence Rate (VPOR), and Average Hops Count (AHC).
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Balakumar, Dr B. "A Framework for Secure Data Acquisition In VANET." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 1139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38148.
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Abstract: Recent advances in software, hardware communication technologies are enabling the design and implementation of whole range of different type of network that are various environments. Vehicular Ad-Hoc network is received a lot of interest in the couple years in the one of the networks. A Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network or VANET is a technology that uses moving cars as nodes in a network to create a mobile network. In VANET improving the driving comfort and safety information message are broadcasted regularly. VANET turns every participating car approximately 100 to 300 meters to connect and turn create network with a wide range. In enable vehicle to communicate which other with roadside units (RSUs). Vehicular network are special types of VANET that supported infrastructure based real time traffic management, including internet access, video streaming and content distribution. Privacy - preserving data Acquisition and forwarding scheme by introducing the novel cryptographic algorithm for key generation and powerful encryption. This paper introduces system that takes Advantages of the RSUs that are the connected to the internet provide various types of information to VANET users. Keywords: VANET, RSU, Ad-Hoc Network, URE, ITS
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.S, Bodhy Krishna. "Study of Ad hoc Networks with Reference to MANET, VANET, FANET." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 7, no. 7 (July 30, 2017): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse/v7i7/0159.
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A wireless ad hoc network is a decentralized type of wireless network. It is a type of temporary computer-to-computer connection. It is a spontaneous network which includes mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET), vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANET) and Flying ad-hoc networks (FANET). A MANET is a network that has many free or autonomous nodes often composed of mobile devices that can operate without strict top-down network administration [1]. A VANET is a sub form of MANET. It is a technology that uses vehicles as nodes in a network to create a mobile network. FANET is an ad-hoc network of flying nodes. They can fly independently or can be operated distantly. This paper discusses the characteristics of these three ad-hoc networks.
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Yuan, Jia Lu, Hai Lin Jiang, and Hua Shen Wang. "HLA Based Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 846-847 (November 2013): 1458–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.846-847.1458.
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Vehicular Ad-hoc network (VANET) is a promising technology in enabling highway active safety applications such as collision warning and information broadcasting. Nowadays, VANET is extended to offer more services like vehicle tracking, WI-FI access, and Global Positioning System (GPS) services. However, there`s still serious challenges in enabling information disseminated while avoiding broadcast storm. In this paper, we develop an HLA Federation with two federates to evaluate the VANET performance with or without Road-side Unit (RSU) in the same scenarios. We use OPNET Modeler to evaluate the performance of VANET and use Paramics to set the trajectory of vehicle node in OPNET Modeler and find out the improvement of communication quality brought by RSU.
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Soni, Sonam. "Trusted Location Selection in Vehicular ad-hoc Network." American Journal of Advanced Computing 1, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15864/ajac.1306.
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VANET gives the advantage to enhance road safety and assure less or no traffic accidents. However, false messages can result in serious conditions like collision. This paper proposed a new, trust based technique for location selection in VANET. In the paper presents a trust based location selection scheme has two phases computation of direct and indirect trust. However, evaluation of direct trust system using infrastructure (RSU) and trusted authority (TA) and evaluation of indirect trust uses watchdog approach. Results show that the proposed scheme suitable for the actual situation of VANET.
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Rath, Mamata, Bibudhendu Pati, and Binod Kumar Pattanayak. "Design and Development of Secured Framework for Efficient Routing in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 15, no. 2 (July 2019): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbdcn.2019070104.
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Due to many challenging issues in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs), such as high mobility and network instability, this has led to insecurity and vulnerability to attacks. Due to dynamic network topology changes and frequent network re-configuration, security is a major target in VANET research domains. VANETs have gained significant attention in the current wireless network scenario, due to their exclusive characteristics which are different from other wireless networks such as rapid link failure and high vehicle mobility. In this are, the authors present a Secured and Safety Protocol for VANET (STVAN), as an intelligent Ad-Hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV)-based routing mechanism that prevents the Denial of Service attack (DoS) and improves the quality of service for secured communications in a VANET. In order to build a STVAN, the authors have considered a smart traffic environment in a smart city and introduced the concept of load balancing over VANET vehicles in a best effort manner. Simulation results reveal that the proposed STVAN accomplishes enhanced performance when compared with other similar protocols in terms of reduced delay, better packet delivery ratio, reasonable energy efficiency, increased network throughput and decreased data drop compared to other similar approach.
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Joshua, Christy Jackson, Prassanna Jayachandran, Abdul Quadir Md, Arun Kumar Sivaraman, and Kong Fah Tee. "Clustering, Routing, Scheduling, and Challenges in Bio-Inspired Parameter Tuning of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks for Environmental Sustainability." Sustainability 15, no. 6 (March 8, 2023): 4767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15064767.
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Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are wireless networks of automotive nodes. Among the strategies used in VANETs to increase network connectivity are broadcast scheduling, data aggregation, and vehicular node clustering. In the context of extremely high node mobility and ambiguous vehicle distribution (on the road), VANETs degrade in flexibility and quick topology, facing significant issues such as network physical layout construction and unstable connections. These challenges make it difficult for vehicle communication to be robust, reliable, and scalable, especially in urban traffic networks. Numerous research investigations have revealed a nearly optimal solution to various VANET difficulties through the application of techniques derived from nature and evolution. On the other hand, as key productivity sectors continue to demand more energy, sustainable and efficient ways of using non-renewable resources continue to be developed. With the help of information and communication technologies (ICT), parameter tuning approaches can reduce accident rates, improve mobility, and mitigate environmental impacts. In this article, we explore evolutionary algorithms to mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), as well as vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). A discussion of three major categories of optimization is provided throughout the paper. There are several significant research works presented regarding parameter tuning in cluster formation, routing, and scheduling of broadcasts. Toward the end of the review, key challenges in VANET and MANET research are identified.
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Chen, Yishun, Weigang Wu, and Hui Cao. "Navigation Route based Stable Connected Dominating Set for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks." International Journal of Web Services Research 12, no. 1 (January 2015): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwsr.2015010102.
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Forming a virtual backbone has been always a significant technique for ad hoc networks to achieve high efficiency in various applications, including mobility management, broadcast based information dissemination, etc. This is especially true for Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET), because most of VANET applications rely on broadcasting messages. Among others, constructing the Connected Dominating Set (CDS) is a popular approach to forming virtual backbone in ad hoc networks, including VANETs. Although quite a lot of work has been done on CDS algorithms for ad hoc networks, almost all existing algorithms focus on minimizing the size of CDS, i.e. the number of nodes in CDS. In this paper, the authors consider to improve the stability of CDS, i.e. to reduce the changes of CDS during the runtime of a VANET. By making use of vehicle navigation route, the authors propose a new metric to selecting CDS node with high stability. Then, based on the new metric the authors design a CDS algorithm, which can construct a CDS with higher stability than the CDS by existing algorithms. Such advantage is validated via extensive simulations.
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Kaja, Hasita, and Cory Beard. "A Multi-Layered Reliability Approach in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 12, no. 4 (October 2020): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitn.2020100110.
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Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) have been an important part of intelligent transport systems (ITS). Developing a reliable network for vehicle-to-vehicle communication is a crucial part of network deployment. In the present paper, the authors are discussing a layered approach towards reliability of VANETs. This paper will consider different layers of the dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) protocol stack and discuss key reliability indicators in each layer. This layered approach towards computing reliability results in more practical probability calculations and improves the minimum probability of reliability achievable by the VANETs. The authors discuss about different techniques to increase the reliability of VANETs. In the future works, the goal is to calculate probability density and distribution functions of reliability at each layer and derive combined reliability and availability of a given vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET).
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Manju Bargavi, S. K., Avinash Sharma, and V. Saravanan. "Routing Protocols in Vehicle Ad-Hoc Network." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 9 (July 1, 2020): 4559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9280.
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Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is associate rising autonomous dynamic topology network. It is a unique type of Mobile Ad-hoc Network during which the automobiles amendment their message with each other. VANET turns every automobile in it into a mobile node and use those nodes to make a mobile dynamic community. The aim of VANET is to produce a wi-fi connectivity and numerous programs applications like collision dodging, safety and rising the traffic ratio as designing by the Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). The transport are strained by the sensible traffic surroundings, and currently the simulations are primarily network simulations that cannot simulate the real hint of the object (vehicle). Merely as nodes in VANETS have identical excessive mobility, so there are masses of demanding situation to route the packets to there final destination which need to be addressed by means of existing/offering new solutions for the comparable. Keeping view of above, In this paper, summarize the prevailing VANET routing protocols and classify and evaluate them. Then, listing numerous classic routing algorithms and examine their characteristics and advantages and disadvantages. Eventually, by way of analyzing the reputation of vehicle-installed routing protocols, we tend to illustrate the difficulties and challenges that vehicle-mounted routing protocols can/will encounter within the future.
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AHMAD SABBAGH, AMANI, and SHCHERBAKOV MAXIM V. "ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF REACTIVE ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN VANET BASED ON NS3." CASPIAN JOURNAL: Control and High Technologies 55, no. 3 (2021): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21672/2074-1707.2021.55.3.090-097.
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Since importance of improving of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) always follow modern trends by using new wireless communication technologies, the trend of latest research topics is focusing on Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET). VANET networks play a vital role in ITS due to their increasing importance for the building of ITS. VANET is a subclass of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET). VANET depends on wireless technologies to establish communication between moving vehicles (nodes). An appropriate and efficient routing protocol helps to successful exchange data between mobility nodes in vehicular ad-hoc networks. VANET has a lot of similar features to MANETs such as finite bandwidth, self-arrangement, self-administration, and unstable network topology. Except it has some important features of its characteristic such as very high node mobility, delay restrictions, and frequent network outages. For this reason, routing in VANET networks is much more complex than routing in MANET networks. The purpose of this study - to evaluate the performance of protocols AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector) and DSR (Dynamic Source Routing) and their impact on the performance of networks VANET. This paper differs in that it analyses the impact of network size at a large number of nodes, and different vehicle speeds on network performance metrics like packet delivery ratio, throughput, average delay, overhead and packet loss ratio and assessing the level of network performance at realistic mobility scenarios for the movement of vehicles in the street generated by Bonnmotion tool. Also, the simulation is carried out in NS-3 simulator to create VANET network topology and routing protocols.
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Dai, Yin Fei, and Ying Yong Zou. "Discussing on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 742 (March 2015): 665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.742.665.
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The paper discussing on the VANET simulating involve in computer, traffic engineering, statistics, psychology, etc., presenting a multidisciplinary tendency. Started from the researching significance and contents of the VANET simulation, this paper introduced the development history and research status of VANET simulation, classified the VANET simulators, introduced and compared typical VANET simulators.
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D., Sathish Kumar, Thenmozhi R., Chinnasamy A., and Kalpanadevi S. "A Survey: Position based Non DTN and DTN Routing Protocol in VANET." Webology 19, no. 1 (January 20, 2022): 1607–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v19i1/web19108.
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An Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is an advanced technology which aims to provide modern services such as smart parking, Emergency vehicle alert notification systems, automatic traffic management, direction of safe driving, accident prevention system and many. Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) play a significant role to implement an ITS system. In Vehicular Ad-hoc network, every vehicle and Road Side Units (RSU) take part in a communication to achieve the ITS services. Since nodes of VANET are different kind of vehicles with various speed, the formation of network will be more dynamic and scalability of network varies continuously. Due to dynamic characteristics of VANET, high density of traffic and more obstacles, routing is one the biggest challenge in urban area than rural area. In this paper we present an outline of VANET, taxonomy of routing, followed by a brief discussion of position based Non DTN and DTN routing protocol. Finally, we conclude the paper with comparison result of various position-based routing protocol.
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Raza, Ali, Syed Hashim Raza Bukhari, Farhan Aadil, and Zeshan Iqbal. "An UAV-assisted VANET architecture for intelligent transportation system in smart cities." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 17, no. 7 (July 2021): 155014772110317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15501477211031750.
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Vehicular ad hoc network is a pretty research vibrant area since last decade. It has been successfully used for intelligent transportation system and entertainment purposes for realization of smart cities. However, intermittent connectivity, high routing overhead, inflexible communication infrastructure, unscalable networks, and high packet collision are the key challenges that put hindrances on the wide applications of vehicular ad hoc network. The severity of these challenges become even more intensified when deployed in urban areas. To overcome these hurdles, integrating micro unmanned aerial vehicles with vehicular ad hoc network provides a viable solution. In this article, we proposed an unmanned aerial vehicle–assisted vehicular ad hoc network communication architecture in which unmanned aerial vehicles fly over the deployed area and provide communication services to underlying coverage area. Unmanned aerial vehicle–assisted vehicular ad hoc network avails the advantages of line-of-sight communication, load balancing, flexible, and cost effective deployment. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated against a case study of vehicle collision on highway. Results show that utilization of unmanned aerial vehicles ensures the guaranteed and timely delivery of emergency messages to nearby vehicles so that a safe action can be taken to avoid further damages.
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Pratama, Aziz Yulianto, Agung Budi Prasetijo, and Aghus Sofwan. "Evaluasi Kinerja Perutean Broadcast Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (Vanet)." Technomedia Journal 8, no. 2SP (July 28, 2023): 236–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33050/tmj.v8i2sp.2079.
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Ad-Hoc Networks (VANET) merupakan pengembangan teknologi jaringan wireless dari MANET. VANET terdiri dari kelompok kendaraan bergerak yang dihubungkan oleh jaringan nirkabel. Hal ini memungkinkan mobil mengirim dan menerima informasi satu sama lain. Penggunaan utama VANET adalah untuk memberikan keamanan dan kenyamanan bagi pengemudi khususnya untuk kendaraan mobil. Dalam beberapa tahun ini terdapat peningkatan jumlah kendaraan otonom khususnya mobil, sehingga kebutuhan akan VANET menjadi sangat penting. Jaringan VANET dalam mengirimkan control packet menggunakan broadcast routing dan tidak semua broadcast routing mengirimkan data paket. Broadcast routing ini dapat menimbulkan permasalahan berupa Broadcast Storm Problem (BSP). Hal ini yang menjadi dasar dalam melakukan penelitian mengenai evaluasi kinerja perutean broadcast routing pada VANET. Kinerja dari broadcast routing pada VANET dapat dinilai berdasarkan metrik secara umum seperti average end-to-end delay yang menunjukkan rata-rata waktu yang dibutuhkan sebuah paket untuk bergerak pada jalur dari node sumber ke node tujuan dan packet delivery ratio yang digambarkan sebagai rasio paket data yang diterima di tujuan akhir dengan total paket yang dihasilkan oleh sumbernya. Penelitian ini direncanakan dengan simulasi dengan algoritma no underlying topology khususnya yang menggunakan protokol Fixed Transmission Range (FTR) dengan penilaian kinerja average end-to- end delay dan packet delivery ratio dengan variasi pada jumlah node yang disimulasikan pada perangkat lunak Simulasi Urban Mobility.
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Sivaraman, Himani. "A Distributed Algorithm for Topology Control in VANETs: Distributed Distant Node Graphical Structure (DDGST) Algorithm." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 11, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 839–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v11i1.13566.
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Vehicle ad hoc networks—a subset of MANETs—allow cars to directly connect. These networks are independent of previous infrastructure. VANETs promote traffic safety, efficiency, and ITS application development. Their link allows this. Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) have grown in popularity due to its ability to efficiently and reliably connect automobiles. Vehicular networks evolve rapidly, making network topology maintenance problematic. VANET topologies are managed decentralized here. The algorithm uses neighbor numbers and distances to calculate vehicle transmission range. Simulations indicate that the suggested method reduces network partitions and maximizes connection. Due to the great mobility of VANET vehicles, the network architecture changes quickly. As this network topology is continually changing, creating strong and effective routing protocols is difficult. Topology control can overcome this difficulty. We present a distributed topology control mechanism that keeps VANETs online, reduces control messages, and prevents collisions. Node centrality and network density are used to fine-tune each node's transmission power. Computer simulations compare the proposed approach to different topology control algorithms. The results show that the suggested method outperforms the alternatives in network connectivity, longevity, and control overhead.
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He, Tong Zhou, and Yan Jun Shen. "The Topology Stability of Vehicular Ad Hoc Network." Advanced Engineering Forum 6-7 (September 2012): 1004–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.6-7.1004.
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The goal of this paper is to look for relatively stable area in the Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET), thereby helping for developing more stable routing protocols. We built a theoretical model to analysis the stability of the VANET topology, and provided the simulation experiment to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis. Results show that the vehicle traveling in the same direction is easier to maintain the stability of the topology of a VANET, and the valid time of the path will decrease with the increase of the intersection angle in the direction of the vehicle movement, the vehicle movement velocity and the time. In addition, the simulation results also show that the bigger the initial distance among the vehicles is, the less stable the network topology is. The discovery of this phenomenon is important to develop zoned routing protocols.
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Wahid, Ishtiaq, Sadaf Tanvir, Masood Ahmad, Fasee Ullah, Ahmed S. AlGhamdi, Murad Khan, and Sultan S. Alshamrani. "Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Routing Strategies for Intelligent Transportation System." Electronics 11, no. 15 (July 23, 2022): 2298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11152298.
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The upcoming models of vehicles will be able to communicate with each other and will thus be able to share and/or transfer information. A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is an application of this vehicular communication that leads to an intelligent transportation system (ITS). Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) are the two distinct types of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET). V2V and V2I technologies are together known as V2X and are recently being tested. Continuous research to enhance routing considers different characteristics and exciting aspects of VANETs. The proposed schemes are classified based on the operational scenario. A survey of proposed routing schemes in the last eight years is presented to determine the design considerations and the approach used in every proposed system, along with their shortcomings. This survey will assist new scholars in this field to analyze existing state-of-the-art systems. The table at the end of each routing scheme shows the proposed routing scheme’s simulation, routing, and scenario parameters. This paper also reviews VANET technology, its role in the intelligent transportation system, recent development in the field, and the timeline for implementation of the system.
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Hammouche, Y., and S. Merniz. "Cross-layer greedy forwarding algorithm for VANET." Journal of High Speed Networks 28, no. 3 (July 29, 2022): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jhs-220689.
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In recent years, vehicular communication systems have taken an important place in Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). These systems are designed on self-organizing networks, known as Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks (VANETs). Their objective is to struggle against road safety problems and road traffic congestion by integrating information and communication technologies in road infrastructures and vehicles. VANET differs from other types of ad hoc networks by high mobility and very dynamic topology. Consequently, the design of an efficient VANET routing protocol becomes a challenging task. Many routing schemes with QoS (Quality of Service) have been proposed in the literature for VANET, to satisfy the performances required by the different applications running upon such networks. Cross-layer designs, which make it possible to exchange and share information between the different layers of the network, have shown to be efficient in VANETs. This paper proposes an improved version of the geographic Greedy algorithm as a cross-layer routing protocol for VANETs. The cooperation between the network layer and the lower layers involves three cyber-physical parameters: Speed, position and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). The simulation results over the Network Simulator-3 (NS3) demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed solution in terms of end-to-end delay, throughput and packet delivery ratio.
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Gokula Krishnan, V., and Dr N. Sankar Ram. "ICR: information, cluster and route agent based method for efficient routing in VANET." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.9 (March 1, 2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.9.9727.
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Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is a variety of mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) that differs from the fact that VANETS communicates between vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside communication network. VANETs have the possibility to integrate with WiFi, Bluetooth and other connectivity protocols which makes it a new standard. The desired outcome expected from VANET is to communicate between nodes in any environment irrespective of traffic density and vehicle locations. Since vehicular communication is a part of constantly changing environment and it must also operatein urban and rural areas. Taking in mind the large number of nodes that are actually participating in these networks and also the property of high mobility between them, it has resulted in many debates about a feasible routing protocol. This paper introduces a multi-agent system approach to solve the problems faced by vehicular communications since it comprises of more than one agent solve the problem of routing, the resulting protocol gives higher efficiency and better performance on packet delivery and end-to-end packet delay.
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Farhood, Zahra, Ali Abed, and Sarah Al-Shareeda. "Privacy Issues in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks: A Review." Iraqi Journal for Electrical and Electronic Engineering 20, no. 1 (September 11, 2023): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37917/ijeee.20.1.3.
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Vehicle Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is a type of wireless network that enables communication between vehicles and Road Side Units (RSUs) to improve road safety, traffic efficiency, and service delivery. However, the widespread use of vehicular networks raises serious concerns about users’ privacy and security. Privacy in VANET refers to the protection of personal information and data exchanged between vehicles, RSUs, and other entities. Privacy issues in VANET include unauthorized access to location and speed information, driver and passenger identification, and vehicle tracking. To ensure privacy in VANET, various technologies such as pseudonymization, message authentication, and encryption are employed. When vehicles frequently change their identity to avoid tracking, message authentication ensures messages are received from trusted sources, and encryption is used to prevent unauthorized access to messages. Therefore, researchers have presented various schemes to improve and enhance the privacy efficiency of vehicle networks. This survey article provides an overview of privacy issues as well as an in-depth review of the current state-of-the-art pseudonym-changing tactics and methodologies proposed.
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Brendha, R., and V. Sinthu Janita Prakash. "Geographical Zone based Cluster Head for Routing in Sparse Vehicular Networks." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3 (August 23, 2018): 1910. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.13692.
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Vehicular ad hoc network is a wireless communication technology that is used to provide safety and comfort transport on the roads. Routing algorithm design is one of the main challenging issues in VANET. This paper presents a Geographical Zone Based Cluster Head algorithm for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) to reduce the communication overhead generated by the Control Packets (CP). Depending on the area, the network can be sparsely or fully connected. The Geographical Zone Based Cluster Head Routing in Sparse network (GZCHRS) algorithm can endure network partition due to low node density in the sparse network and high node density in the urban network. This paper inspects the issues of VANETs in sparse networks. In this algorithm, the routing decision is based on vehicular density, velocity and link lifetime. The simulation results display that under rural network conditions, the Geographical Zone Based Cluster Head Routing algorithm performs well when compared to Light Weight Intersection based Traffic Aware Routing (LITAR) and Intersection-based Connectivity Aware Routing (ICAR).
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Sadakale, Ranjit, N. V. K. Ramesh, and Rajendrakumar Patil. "TAD-HOC Routing Protocol for Efficient VANET and Infrastructure-Oriented Communication Network." Journal of Engineering 2020 (July 13, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8505280.
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Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is a critical factor for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET). Even though VANET belongs to the class of Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET), none of the MANET routing protocol applies to VANET. VANET network is dynamic, due to increased vehicle speed and mobility. Vehicle mobility of VANET affects conventional routing algorithm performance, which deals with the dynamicity of the network node. The evaluation of the existing research stated that Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) is an effective MANET protocol to adopt network changes for significant resource utilization and also provides effective adaptation in the network change. Due to the effective performance of the AODV protocol, it is considered as an effective routing protocol for VANET. This paper proposed an ad hoc TROPHY (TAD-HOC) routing protocol for the VANET network for increasing efficiency and effective resource utilization of the network. To improve the overall performance, ad hoc network is combined with Trustworthy VANET ROuting with grouP autHentication keYs (TROPHY) protocol. The proposed TAD-HOC protocol transmits data based on time demand in the VANET network with the desired authentication. Results of the proposed approach show the increased performance of the VANET network with packet delay, transmission range, and end-to-end delay. The comparative analysis of the proposed approach with I-AODV, AODV-R, and AODV-L shows that the proposed TAD-HOC exhibited effective performance.
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Nampally, Venkatamangarao, and M. Raghavender Sharma. "Reliable and Efficient Routing Mechanisms for Vehicular ad-hoc Network." Asian Journal of Computer Science and Technology 7, no. 2 (August 5, 2018): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajcst-2018.7.2.1879.
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In order to provide stable connections among nodes, a routing protocol is necessary in VANET system. Dynamic topology and frequent disconnection makes difficult to design an efficient routing protocol for VANET to route information among nodes. The survey of routing protocols in VANET system helps in understanding the concepts of smart intelligent transport system (ITS). It is observed that carry-and-forward is the key consideration and main function of an efficient routing protocol in VANET system. This paper explains various routing protocols for VANET system.
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Soni, Sonam. "Reliable Trust Computation model in Vehicular ad-hoc Network." American Journal of Advanced Computing 1, no. 3 (July 1, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15864/ajac.1304.
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This paper concerns about the various implemented work has been studied and analyzed to form a new survey on trust model to VANET. In this paper it is observed that there are lot of new techniques are possible to form a new trust model in VANET to provide better security with trust concern over the entire environment of trust management in VANET. This work concerns of entire trust calculation work which has been done yet over it. Here summarizing the various trust models, various security requirements, issues over it.
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Kakulla, Sireesha, and Srinivas Malladi. "Phishing and Sybil Enhanced Behavior Processing and Footprint Algorithms in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network." International Journal of Safety and Security Engineering 12, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsse.120111.
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Communication between vehicles is the core of VANETs, which are built on notions of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Each car on the network is now seen as a mobile network node. All participating cars become wireless routers or nodes, depending on your viewpoint. VANET creates a huge network with a long-range by connecting all cars within range to a fixed unit. VANET assists with traffic regulation, communication between vehicles and the sharing of road data. There is a possibility that the VANET network could be compromised by identity and information concerns, resulting in data delays or theft. Attacks like Sybil and phishing are possible because of this network's weakness. Due to the two recent strikes, infrastructure and human lives may be in jeopardy. There are two novel algorithms developed by the authors to tackle Sybil and Phishing assaults on VANET networks: Phishing and Sybil Enhanced Behavior Processing and Footprints (P&SEBP&F). Originally known as the Phishing and Sybil Enhanced Behavior Processing and Footprint, P&STL&T was renamed P&STL&T. Phishing and Sybil were used as well as varied attacker-to-victim node ratios to test the effectiveness of the new tactics for assessing effectiveness. Compared to previous study and the work of the other authors cited, there were approximately 30% fewer attackers detected during the research.
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Gandotra, Tamanna, and Gurpadam Singh. "Differential Evaluation Based Secure Ad-Hoc Protocol for Vanets." Asian Journal of Engineering and Applied Technology 8, no. 1 (February 5, 2019): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajeat-2019.8.1.1062.
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VANET is a special category of MANETs which is composed of moving vehicles, acting as nodes. Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks is aimed at increasing inter-vehicular communication, so that information collected in a vehicle can be shared with other vehicle users, with the aim of improving driving experience. Many studies have indicated that appropriate attack algorithms are essential to provide secure operation of a network. It has been observed that the use of optimum or sub-optimum values are ignored while detecting the wormhole attacks in VANETs. The use of differential evolution is ignored in existing literature which can find optimum values for attack detection based VANETs. It has been observed that the proposed technique outperforms existing techniques in terms of packet collision and throughput.
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Rashid, Sami AbdulJabbar, Mustafa Maad Hamdi, Aymen Jalil AbdulElah, Yasir Jasim Ahmed Rajab, and Khalid AbdulHakeem Zaaile. "Link stability based multipath routing and effective mobility prediction in cognitive radio enabled vehicular ad hoc network." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 13, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v13i1.5222.
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Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) provide a robust infrastructure for intelligent transportation system (ITS) applications. VANET communication involves vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure connections, primarily with roadside units (RSUs). Analyzing cognitive radio (CR)-VANET studies revealed two key performance issues: high energy consumption and latency. To address these challenges, we propose a novel approach: link stability and mobility prediction-based clustered CR-VANETs, known as LMCCR-VANET. LMCCR-VANET consists of four main components: CR-VANET construction, clustering model, speed-based mobility prediction, and link-based multipath routing. Initially, we establish cluster-based CR-VANETs to analyze and mitigate spectrum scarcity and power utilization problems in VANETs. Mobility prediction evaluates vehicle speed variations and predictions. Finally, employing link stability-based multipath routing (LSMR) in conjunction with the fuzzy interference model and ad hoc on-demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV) routing protocol ensures stable and efficient routing. Experimental results showcase the superiority of LMCCR-VANET. It exhibits enhanced energy efficiency, delivery rates, reduced energy consumption, end-to-end latency, and routing overhead when compared to recent works such as SCCR-VANET, CFCR-VANET, and MMCR-VANET.
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., Sonika, Sandeep Kumar Arora, and Mahedi Masud. "Review on Security Based Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.8 (July 7, 2018): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.8.16846.
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VANET a vehicular ad-hoc network provides the security to vehicles. To provide security in VANET, we are using Elliptical curve cryptography. In this paper we are going to discuss various techniques of cryptography, the techniques such are Advanced Encryption Standard, Data Encryption Standard, and Triple Data Encryption Standard. These techniques are part of symmetric and asymmetric cryptography. In addition to this there are some attacks which we are discussing in this paper like, masquerade attack, replay attack, insider attack, mutual authentication attack, and parallel session attack. These attacks are on different layer. At the end we are comparing these attacks with each other and compare their quality of services.
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Qureshi, Kashif Naseer. "Multiprotocol Label Switching in Vehicular Ad hoc Network for QoS." Information Management and Business Review 6, no. 3 (June 30, 2014): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v6i3.1106.
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Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET) provides a wireless communication between vehicles. VANET applications play a significant role in the transportation sector such as vehicle safety, environmental efficiency, traffic control etc. Vehicular Ad hoc network is a subclass of Mobile Ad hoc networks. One of the main concerns in transportation is quality of service (QoS). In VANET, various solutions proposed for quality of services and these solutions applied on layer 2 and layer 3. In this paper, we proposed a Multiprotocol Label Switching. MPLS is an efficient and effective technique that forwards the packets across the network by using the contents of the labels attached to the IP packets. MPLS is known to be a layer 2.5 technology because it supports both data link layer or layer-2 and layer-3. The use of MPLS as backbone networks has increased over the past few years as compared to traditional IP networks, which were based on Iayer-2 technologies. MPLS is a forwarding method used for backbone network. In this paper, we improve quality of service in term of delay, packet loss and throughput in highway areas.
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Abdalla, Ahmed Mohamed. "Performance evaluation for a unicast Non Delay Tolerant position based routing protocols in VANETs." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 5, no. 12 (December 27, 2017): 7751–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v5i12.22.
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Vehicular Ad hoc Networks are special kind of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. VANET is an emerging technology, which enables an extensive range of applications, including road safety, passenger convenience, self-driven vehicles, and intelligent transportation.
Routing in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks is a challenging task due to the unique characteristics of the network. Unicast routing protocols in VANETs are the most fundamental protocols in ad hoc environment and they form the basis for constructing other types of protocols. Unicast routing protocols further classified into topology based, position based, cluster based and hybrid protocols.
In this paper protocols belonging to unicast non-delay tolerant position based are discussed. We have implemented our comparison on the NS2 simulator. Simulation of NDT routing protocols A-STAR, CAR, and GyTAR are carried out and the results are presented
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Hoe Lee, Chun, Kit Guan Lim, Min Keng Tan, Renee Ka Yin Chin, and Kenneth Tze Kin Teo. "HYBRID SIMULATION NETWORK FOR VEHICULAR AD HOC NETWORK (VANET)." ICTACT Journal on Communication Technology 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 1686–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21917/ijct.2018.0247.
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Saad, Aws, Abdalrazak Tareq Rahem, Ammar Jameel Hussein, and Abdullah Amer Mohammed. "Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: Growth and Survey for Three Layers." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i1.pp271-284.
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A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a mobile ad hoc network that allows wireless communication between vehicles, as well as between vehicles and roadside equipment. Communication between vehicles promotes safety and reliability, and can be a source of entertainment. We investigated the historical development, characteristics, and application fields of VANET and briefly introduced them in this study. Advantages and disadvantages were discussed based on our analysis and comparison of various classes of MAC and routing protocols applied to VANET. Ideas and breakthrough directions for inter-vehicle communication designs were proposed based on the characteristics of VANET. This article also illustrates physical, MAC, and network layer in details which represent the three layers of VANET. The main works of the active research institute on VANET were introduced to help researchers track related advanced research achievements on the subject.
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Zhang, Liren, Abderrahmane Lakas, Hesham El-Sayed, and Ezedin Barka. "Mobility analysis in vehicular ad hoc network (VANET)." Journal of Network and Computer Applications 36, no. 3 (May 2013): 1050–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2012.12.008.
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Israa M. Al-dulaimi and Ayman Khalil. "Review of Security and Privacy Scheme for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)." International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 10, no. 5 (October 19, 2020): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.10.5.10.
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Vehicles in a vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) broadcast information about the driving environment in the road. Due to the open-access environment, this means that the VANET is susceptible to security and privacy issues. However, none of the related works satisfies all security and privacy requirements. Besides, their proposed has huge overhead in terms of computation and communication. The present paper is a provide a thorough background on VANETs and their entities; different security attacks; and all requirements of the privacy and security for VANETs. This paper may serve as a guide and reference for VANETs in the design and implementation of any new techniques for protection and privacy.
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D, Dr Kalaivani. "VANET: Framework, Challenges and Applications." Indian Journal of Data Communication and Networking 1, no. 2 (April 10, 2021): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijdcn.b5002.041221.
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Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is one of the essential research field because of large increase in usage of vehicles on road. Many VANET applications are employed to improve road safety conditions, vehicle traffic, an emergency warning to vehicle drivers, collision avoidance and other non-safety applications for comfort. The main aim of these applications are to modernize the various processes associated with road traffic, vehicles, drivers, passengers and pedestrians by implementing smart transport systems. This study is to implement an intelligent vehicular transport design to improve the road safety, navigation and comfort. VANET communication technology is a combination of mobile vehicles with ad hoc networks. The purpose of this research is to predict and prevent road accidents by transmitting emergency messages using vehicular network technology. While transmitting emergency messages, the VANET has various challenges. They are High mobility of the vehicles, Dynamic topology, Wireless communication, Minimum transmission delay, Connectivity of the network, optimal usage of transmission power. These challenges leave the vehicular networking disconnected and make an exchange of information very difficult. Even though many researchers have done significant work during the last decade on vehicular networking, some problems have not yet been solved.
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D, Dr Kalaivani. "VANET: Framework, Challenges and Applications." Indian Journal of Data Communication and Networking 1, no. 2 (April 10, 2021): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54105/ijdcn.b5002.041221.
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Abstract: Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is one of the essential research field because of large increase in usage of vehicles on road. Many VANET applications are employed to improve road safety conditions, vehicle traffic, an emergency warning to vehicle drivers, collision avoidance and other non-safety applications for comfort. The main aim of these applications are to modernize the various processes associated with road traffic, vehicles, drivers, passengers and pedestrians by implementing smart transport systems. This study is to implement an intelligent vehicular transport design to improve the road safety, navigation and comfort. VANET communication technology is a combination of mobile vehicles with ad hoc networks. The purpose of this research is to predict and prevent road accidents by transmitting emergency messages using vehicular network technology. While transmitting emergency messages, the VANET has various challenges. They are High mobility of the vehicles, Dynamic topology, Wireless communication, Minimum transmission delay, Connectivity of the network, optimal usage of transmission power. These challenges leave the vehicular networking disconnected and make an exchange of information very difficult. Even though many researchers have done significant work during the last decade on vehicular networking, some problems have not yet been solved.
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Hamdi, Mustafa Maad, Lukman Audah, Mohammed Salah Abood, Sami Abduljabbar Rashid, Ahmed Shamil Mustafa, Hussain Mahdi, and Ahmed Shakir Al-Hiti. "A review on various security attacks in vehicular ad hoc networks." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 10, no. 5 (October 1, 2021): 2627–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v10i5.3127.
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Ad hoc vehicle networks (VANET) are being established as a primary form of mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) and a critical infrastructure to provide vehicle passengers with a wide range of safety applications. VANETs are increasingly common nowadays because it is connecting to a wide range of invisible services. The security of VANETs is paramount as their future use must not jeopardize their users' safety and privacy. The security of these VANETs is essential for the benefit of secure and effective security solutions and facilities, and uncertainty remains, and research in this field remains fast increasing. We discussed the challenges in VANET in this survey. Were vehicles and communication in VANET are efficient to ensure communication between vehicles to vehicles (V2V), vehicles to infrastructures (V2I). Clarified security concerns have been discussed, including confidentiality, authentication, integrity, availableness, and non-repudiation. We have also discussed the potential attacks on security services. According to analysis and performance evaluations, this paper shows that the ACPN is both feasible and appropriate for effective authentication in the VANET. Finally, the article found that in VANETs, encryption and authentication are critical.
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Rajasekar, R., and P. Sivakumar. "Swarm Based Intelligent Transportation Systems Using Internet of Things in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 5503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9445.
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The increasing current advancement of digital technology is completely based on Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT is used to facilitate smart city traffic congestion through Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET). In the Smart city, multiplying the number of vehicles has brought focus on road safety precautions and communication between vehicles. It is a precise time to concentrate on the new advancement of modern applications and its related services towards the vehicular environments. The Manual traffic systems are not sufficient for the increasing modernization of the city. The VANET is a spontaneous Ad-Hoc network formed over vehicles wandering on the road. In this research work states that the overview of various IoT based routing methodologies and challenges towards the VANET routing through intelligent optimization. The Swarm based intelligent algorithms for Vehicular Ad-Hoc networks deals with latency, data throughput, data delivery cost and data delivery ratio of the intelligent system. Swarm intelligent algorithms are used for optimization of intelligent transport system. It is a collective behavioral system of nature inspired ant/bee activity.